Century Old LMGs Retire

The Madsen required some precise machining, but it was not exceptionally costly to make. It was reliable, although it used an awkward top loaded magazine, carrying 25, 30 or 40 rounds. Over its long career, it was equipped to fire ammunition from 6.5mm to 8mm. The Brazilian Madsens fired NATO 7.62mm (.30 caliber) ammo.  It's rate of fire was 450 rounds per minute.

The Madsen entered service in the 1890s as the Madsen Recoilless Rifle. It was adopted by the Russian Army, and some were used in the 1905-6 Russo-Japanese War (the Russians lost, perhaps because they only bought 1,250 Madsens, and gave them to the cavalry.) The Madsen saw use by several nations during World War I, and was eventually used by over thirty nations. Most were retired by the 1970s, after several dozen variants were produced.

The original design dates to the 1880s, but this was before smokeless powder was widely available, and the Madsen quickly jammed when used with black powder ammo. But in the 1890s, the design was tried with 6.5mm smokeless powder rounds, and worked very well. The basic design was by Danish Army officer, Theodor Schouboe, who built the first working model in 1890 (and got the patent for it in 1901). But it took the efforts of a Danish artillery officer, Vilhelm Herman Oluf Madsen, and a weapons technician at the Danish Arsenal named Rasmussen, to perfect Schouboe's design. By 1896, the Madsen was available for sale. It wasn't until World War I that the value of a light machine-gun was discovered, and it wasn't until after World War I that light machine-guns became widely used. Many other designs were easier to use, or were preferred to some foreign weapon. But the Madsen was always good enough, until this year, to find users. Then again, production of the Madsen ceased about half a century ago.