June 26, 2007: In the latest ballistic-missile
defense test, the American destroyer, the USS Decatur, successfully shot down an incoming ballistic
missile with an SM-3 missile - the ninth hit-to-kill intercept. This is just
the latest success in a number of tests that will enable the United States to
blunt almost any nuclear power's arsenal of ICBMs and SLBMs. But can this
American ballistic missile defense system do this when there are so few interceptors? The
Chinese ICBM and SLBM forces are both very small (24 DF-5 ICBMs and 24 JL-1
SLBMs total), but there are more of them than there are interceptors deployed.
China's future plans for their SLBM force will center around two Jin-class
SSBNs (the Type 094), each with 16 JL-2 SLBMs. China hopes to get as many as 60
ICBMs by 2010, possibly increasing the disparity, especially if Congress cuts
the National Missile Defense system.
The answer is because even an incomplete system
will add uncertainty to the results of any attack. Particularly with regards to
the ICBMs, perhaps the most secure portion of China's arsenal. The SLBMs are
carried on submarines - which might not be as secure as it sounds. The United
States Navy spent four-plus decades learning how to track SSBNs. That
experience will come into play in any conflict with China. Chinese SSBNs will,
in all probability, have an exciting and very short wartime career.
But 60 ICBMs is a lot. By firing them all off,
China could theoretically overwhelm the present missile defense systems and
some would get through. America would be hurt by whatever missiles reach their
targets. But which missiles would do that? That is the question nobody could
answer unless the missiles try to break through the NMD system for real.
That uncertainty alone can deter an attack. The
Chinese would have no idea whether the missiles that got through would hit the
most important targets (like American naval bases in San Diego and Pearl
Harbor, or Andersen Air Force Base in Guam). At least 55 SM-3s are planned for
deployment by the end of 2009. American allies like Australia and Japan are
also going to field this missile. In essence, the ballistic missiles of China
and North Korea are more impotent than they would like them to be.
That said, the missile defense system does not have
smooth sailing. Its biggest threat may not be Russian efforts to counter it,
but Congress, which is run by Democrats who have long opposed a national
missile defense system. - Harold C. Hutchison (haroldc.hutchison@gmail.com)
