January 17, 2008: Russia is upgrading
its A-50 AWACS. These aircraft are based on the Il-76 transport. After over a
decade of development, the A-50 entered service in 1985. The inspiration for
this was the U.S. Air Force E-3 AWACS (Airborne Warning and Control System), which
entered service in 1977. This was a continuation of AWACS aircraft that first
appeared in 1945, when the U.S. Navy deployed radar equipped aircraft to
control large numbers of airborne warplanes in combat. The Navy continued developing airborne early warning and control aircraft
in the 1950s (the E-1), and replaced it with the E-2 in the early 1970s. This
one is still in service.
The A-50 used less capable technology
than the U.S. AWACS. The A-50 radar only had a range 200 kilometers, compared
to 400 for the E-3. The A-50 upgrade uses modern (digital, rather than analog)
systems and has a max range of 600 kilometers. The new computers allow far more
(150) aircraft to be tracked, and this is done more quickly and with fewer
equipment breakdowns. The upgrade was actually underway when the Soviet Union
collapsed in 1991, and has been dormant until money became available to revive
it a few years ago.
China bought some of the older A-50s,
and was so dissatisfied that they switched to a new AWACS design based on the
Boeing 737-800 airliner. The 157 ton Il-76 jet is considered less
reliable, and more expensive to maintain, than the twin engine, 79 ton, Boeing
737-800. Chinese airlines (some of them controlled by the Chinese Air Force)
have been using the 737-800 since 1999 (a year after this model entered service). So no matter how much Russia upgrades the
A-50, they are still stuck with an expensive aircraft to carry everything
around.
