| 753 | BC | Romulus founds a city, kills his brother, names it for himself, and reigns as king (753-717 BC) |
| 1097 | | Aquitainian Crusaders under Bishop Adhemar and Count Raymond reach Constantinople |
| 1503 | | Battle of Seminara: Gonzalvo de Cordoba's Spanish defeat the French in the Kingdom of Naples |
| 1572 | | England and France ally against Spain |
| 1738 | | Algerian pirates raid into the Bay of Naples |
| 1739 | | Austria concedes the independence of Naples under the Duke of Parma, who rules as Charles IV (1739-1759), and is the half-brother of the King of Spain, whom he will later succeed |
| 1796 | | Battle of Mondovi: Bonaparte defeats the Austrians |
| 1809 | | Battle of Landshut: Napoleon's French & German troops defeat an Austrian army outnumbered two-to-one in a hard fight |
| 1813 | | Battle of Bautzen, Day 2: Napoleon defeats the Russo-Prussians |
| 1836 | | Battle of San Jacinto: Texas secures independence from Mexico |
| 1849 | | Battle of Las Carreras: Major victory of the Domincans in their War for Independence from Haiti (1844-1856) |
| 1861 | | USS 'Saratoga' captures the Boston-owned slaver 'Nightingale' with over 900 souls aboard, bound for the Confederacy |
| 1864 | | President Lincoln reviews 72 court martial sentences, confirming some, reducing many, and reversing several |
| 1865 | | Abraham Lincoln's funeral train leaves Washington |
| 1914 | | US Marines and sailors occupy Vera Cruz, Mexico |
| 1928 | | Bomb explosion in a midtown Manhattan loft, nine injured; the case remains unresolved |
| 1941 | | Greece surrenders to Nazi Germany |
| 1944 | | TF 58 raids Hollandia & Wakde, to prepare for landings. |
| 1945 | | Burma: Japanese decide to retire, abandoning Rangoon |
| 1945 | | Ie Shima, off Okinawa, secured after five days fighting |
| 1945 | | Red Army reaches the outskirts of Berlin |
| 1954 | | USAF flies a French battalion to Vietnam |
| 1961 | | USAF Maj Robert M White takes X-15 to 32,000 m |
| 1967 | | Military coup in Greece |
| 1967 | | Svetlana Alliluyeva, Stalin's daughter, seeks asylum in the US |
| 1975 | | Nguyen Van Thieu resigns as president of South Vietnam |
| 753 | BC | Numa Pompilius, later the second King of Rome (715-673 BC) |
| 1713 | | Louis, 4th duc de Noailles, Marshal of France, guillotined 1793 |
| 1729 | | Empress Catharine II "the Great" of Russia (1762-96) |
| 1790 | | Manuel José Blanco y Calvo de Encalada, naval officer, Provisional President of Chile (1826), rose to vice admiral, d. 1876 |
| 1816 | | Louis Trezevant Wigfall, Brig Gen, C. S.A., d. 1874 |
| 1834 | | William Rufus Terrill, Brig Gen, U.S., KIA 1862 |
| 1852 | | Alberto Pollio, military historian, Chief-of-Staff of the Italian Army, 1912-1914, d. 1914 |
| 1915 | | Antonio Rodolfo Quinn Oaxaca -- Anthony Quinn, American actor ("Back to Bataan," "Lawrence of Arabia," etc.), d. 2001 |
| 1926 | | Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-) |
| 1962 | | Sergei Viktorovich Zalyotin, cosmonaut |
| 753 | BC | Remus Silvius (18), accidentally (maybe not?) slain by his brother Romulus |
| 323 | BC | Alexander the Great, 32, noted conqueror & drunkard [Alt] |
| 323 | BC | Diogenes the Cynic, c. 80, noted cynic |
| 586 | | King Leovigild of the Visgoths (569-586), c. 60 |
| 1073 | | Pope Alexander II - Anselmo da Baggio (1061-73) |
| 1509 | | King Henry VII of England, 52, the first Tudor (1485-1509) |
| 1574 | | Cosimo I de' Medici, c. 54, Duke of Florence (1537-1574), first Grand Duke of Tuscany (1569-1574) |
| 1792 | | "Tiradentes" - Joaquim José da Silva Xavier, Brazilian revolutionary, executed at c. 45 |
| 1910 | | Mark Twain, 74, American humorist & novelist ("Huckleberry Finn"), Missouri militiaman who fabricated his humourously war experiences |
| 1918 | | Manfred "The Red Baron" von Richthofen, ground fire after his aircraft had been disabled in air-to-air combat, at 25 |
| 1962 | | Frederick Handley Page, 76, pioneer aircraft designer |
| 1971 | | Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier, 64, Dictator/President of Haiti (1957-1971) |
| 1997 | | Diosdado Macapagal, 86, former President of the Philippines (1961-65) |
| 2004 | | Karl Hass, incarcerated Nazi war criminal, at 92 |