| 4004 | BC | The Creation, in 4004 BC, at nightfall Greenwich time, according to the Irish Protestant Bishop James Ussher |
| 2134 | BC | Chinese scholars make the earliest recorded observation of an eclipse |
| 0 | | Feast of Pope St. John Paul II, Patron of Krakow |
| 180 | | Triumph of the maniacal Roman Emperor Commodus for alleged victories over the Germans |
| 1202 | | Count Walter III of Brienne defeats Count Dietpoldo di Acerra to secure control of Puglia |
| 1303 | | Nicholas Boccasini elected Pope as Benedict XI (22 Oct 1303-7 Jul 1304), later beatified |
| 1643 | | Castro War: Battle of Pitigliano - Tuscans defeat a superior Papal Army, to relieve a siege |
| 1707 | | Four British warships run aground in the Scilly Is., c. 2000 die |
| 1734 | | Duke Charles of Bourbon-Parma captures Capua from the Austrians |
| 1764 | | Battle of Bakshar: English defeat the Moguls |
| 1797 | | First parachute jump: Andre-Jacques Garnerin, from a balloon 3,200 feet above Paris |
| 1836 | | Sam Houston inaugurated as 1st elected President of the Republic of Texas (1836-1838) |
| 1844 | | The "Great Disappointment" as the Second Coming fails to occur, according to the prediction of American Baptist William Miller. |
| 1846 | | Lavinia Watson becomes the first woman to sponsor a US warship, the frigate 'Germantown' |
| 1861 | | Combat at Buffalo Mills, Mo |
| 1861 | | Skirmish at Hodgeville, Ky |
| 1904 | | Russian fleet shoots up British fishing trawlers in the North Sea |
| 1928 | | China expels all Soviet instructors and advisors |
| 1937 | | The Windsors, history's most useless couple, visit Hitler in Obersalzburg |
| 1942 | | Australians land on Goodenough Island, against c. 300 Japanese troops. |
| 1943 | | Archibald Wavell becomes Governor-General and Viceroy of India (1943-1947) |
| 1944 | | Japanese naval forces converge on Leyte. |
| 1946 | | Two British ships mined off Albania |
| 1954 | | West Germany joins NATO |
| 1962 | | Missile Crisis: JFK imposes naval "quarantine" on Cuba |
| 1979 | | Deposed Shah of Iran arrives in NY for medical treatment |
| 1071 | | Duke William IX "the Troubadour" of Aquitaine and Gascony & Count William VII of Poitou (1080-1127), Crusader |
| 1689 | | King João V of Portugal (1706-1750) |
| 1810 | | Henry Bohlen, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1862 |
| 1847 | | General Jacobus Herculaas de la Rey, known as Koos de la Rey, ablest Boer general, d. 1914 |
| 1875 | | The Sons of the American Revolution |
| 1887 | | John Reed, radical journalist ("Ten Days that Shook the World"), d. 1920 |
| 1913 | | Bao Dai, Emperor of Vietnam (1925-1945), Head of State (1949-1955), d. 1997 |
| 1913 | | Endre Ernõ Friedmann, later known as Robert Capa, Hungarian-born American photojournalist, d. 1954 -- Learn More |
| 1933 | | Donald H Peterson, USAF, astronaut |
| 322 | BC | Demosthenes, c. 62, Athenian hoplite, orator, & politician, in exile on Calauria [or the 25th] |
| 741 | | Charles "The Hammer" Martel, Duke and Prince of the Franks (718-741), c. 63, who halted the Moors at the Battle of Tours |
| 1383 | | King Ferdinand I "the Wise" of Portugal and the Algarves (1367-1383), c. 42 |
| 1494 | | Duke Gian Galeazzo II Maria Sforza of Milan (1476-1494), at 25, possibly done in by his uncle Ludovico, who succeeded him |
| 1906 | | Paul Cézanne, 67, Post-Impressionist artist, draft dodger of 1870 |
| 1909 | | General Wilhelm Lorenz Sigismund von Schlichting, student of the great Motlke, military reformer, passed over by Kaiser Wilhelm , at 70 |
| 1934 | | Charles Arthur "Pretty Boy" Floyd, 30, American bank robber |
| 2002 | | Samuel L. Gravely, Jr., 80, first black American admiral |