| 3761 | BC | Creation of the world, in the Jewish chronology |
| 0 | | Feast of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus, Roman soldiers and martyrs, Patrons of Soldiers and Arab Christians |
| 316 | | Battle of Cibalae: Constantine defeats Licinius, supposedly with divine aid -- Learn More |
| 1502 | | The Emola Conference: Cesare Borgia meets Florentine Ambassador Machiavelli & military engineer Leonardo da Vinci, even as San Leo, near Urbino, rises against him, initiating a general revolt in the Romagna and the precipitating the premature treason of his lieutenants |
| 1513 | | Battle of La Motta/Schio/Vicenza: Heavily outnumbered Spaniards defeat the Venetians |
| 1571 | | Battle of Lepanto: Turkish fleet defeated by an Italo-Spanish fleet |
| 1683 | | First Battle of Barkam: Poles & Imperialists defeat the Turks |
| 1690 | | English attack on Quebec fails |
| 1759 | | Ex-King Carlo IV sails from Naples to become Carlos III of Spain |
| 1777 | | Second Battle of Saratoga (Bemis Heights): Americans win |
| 1780 | | Battle of King's Mountain: Tories defeated by Patriot militia |
| 1864 | | Bahia, Brazil: USS 'Wachusett' "accidentally" disables CSS 'Florida' |
| 1870 | | Leon Gambetta escaped Prussian besieged Paris aboard the balloon "Armand-Barbès" -- Learn More |
| 1870 | | Garibaldi lands at Marseilles, to join France's war against Prussia with a band of volunteers, despite opposition from the French & Italian governments |
| 1908 | | Cretan revolt against the Turks |
| 1908 | | Serbia & Montenegro form an alliance against Austria-Hungary |
| 1916 | | Gefreiter Adolf Hitler is wounded on the inner left thigh by a shell fragment during the Battle of the Somme |
| 1926 | | Italian Fascist Grand Council meets for the first time |
| 1935 | | Il Duce confers with J.F.C. Fuller in the Palazzo Venezia |
| 1943 | | U.S. carriers and cruisers raid Wake Island |
| 1944 | | Uprising at Birkenau concentration camp |
| 1944 | | US a/c from Morotai begin raids on Japanese bases in the Philippines. |
| 1949 | | Soviets establish the German Democratic Republic |
| 1955 | | USS 'Saratoga' (CV-60) is launched at the Brooklyn Navy Yard |
| 1985 | | PLO terrorists seize Italian cruise liner 'Achille Lauro' off the Egyptian coast |
| 1990 | | Gulf War: Israel begins handing out gas masks to its citizens |
| 2001 | | US & Allies initiate war in Afghanistan after the Taliban refuses to surrender Osama bin Laden |
| 1728 | | Caesar Rodney, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1784 |
| 1748 | | King Charles XIII of Sweden (1809-18) & Norway (1814-18) |
| 1817 | | Bushrod Rust Johnson, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1880 |
| 1821 | | Richard Heron Anderson, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1879 |
| 1821 | | William Still, abolitionist, notable Underground Railroad Stationmaster, d. 1902 |
| 1826 | | William Brimage Bate, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1905 |
| 1841 | | Nikola I Petrovic-Njegoš, Prince (1860-1910), then King of Montenegro (1910-1918), d. 1921 |
| 1854 | | Christiaan de Wet, Boer General & politician, d. 1922 |
| 1923 | | Irma Grese, the ´Witch of Belsen', hanged in 1945 |
| 1931 | | Desmond Tutu, Bishop, Peace Nobelist (1982) |
| 1934 | | Ulrike Meinhof, German anarchist terrorist, suicide 1976 |
| 1943 | | Oliver North, Marine LtCol, Iran-Contra figure, television personality |
| 336 | | Pope St. Marcus (18 Jan 336-7 Oct 336) |
| 610 | | Deposed Byzantine/Roman Emperor Phocas (602-610), c. 63, who had butchered his predecessor and ruined the Empire, personally beheaded by his successor, Heraclius |
| 929 | | Charles III "the Simple," deposed King of France (898-922) and of Lotharingia (911-923), 50 |
| 1259 | | Ezzelino III da Romano, 65, Lord of Treviso (1223-1259), self-inflicted wounds while a prisoner to cheat the executioner, unmourned |
| 1468 | | Sigismondo Malatesta, Lord of Rimini (1432-1468), condottiero, at 51 |
| 1571 | | Agosto Barbarigo, Venetian admiral, kia, Lepanto, Giovanni Contarini, Venetian admiral, Orazio Orsini, Patrician of Naples & Venice, Virginio Orsini, Patrician of Naples & Venice, his brother, plus 15 other Venetian captains, and c. 7,500 Italian & Spanish soldiers, marines, & sailors, as well as Ali Pasha and Mohammed Scirocco, Turkish admirals, and c. 80,000 Turkish soldiers, marines, & sailors |
| 1777 | | Simon Fraser, 46, British brigadier, kia Saratoga |
| 1780 | | Maj Patrick Ferguson, 36, British military reformer, kia, King's Mountain |
| 1800 | | Gabriel, sometimes known as "Gabriel Prosser," c. 24, leader of the Richmond slave rebellion, hanged |
| 1849 | | Edgar Allan Poe, West Point drop out, author & poet, of drink at 40 |
| 1999 | | Richard A. Hough, 77, sometime RAF fighter pilot, author, historian ("Dreadnought", "Admirals in Collision', etc.) |