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Subject: Slavery
sofa    3/16/2007 8:58:30 PM
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sofa    Slavery   3/16/2007 8:59:06 PM
Some truly barbaric facts from wikipedia below.
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 Women as slaves

There are several disabilities on the civil and economic rights of women and girls enslaved with the connivance of Islam which may affect them at all times of their lives:
  • they may not inherit property, even if they are freed upon their owner's death.
  • their evidence is generally rejected in a court of law
  • they cannot hold property and must hand over to their owner any they may acquire
  • except as their master's agent they may not carry on trade or business
  • slaves may lawfully killed in vengeance (talio) if their master or their master's kinfolk kill the slave of another person
  • except in the Hanafi madhhab, slaves may be killed for killing other slaves but no free person may be killed for killing a slave. If they are killed by a free man, the killer is only liable to at the time of the death not to pay their owner their sale value and not full blood-money compensation. Thus, their owners may kill them with impunity.
  • they are not permitted marriage without their owner's consent. A master cannot be compelled to give his/her consent to his/her slave's marriage. By the view of some madh'hab (but not others), a master may compel his/her slave(s) to marriage and determine the identity of their marriage partner(s)
  • the mahr that is given for marriage to a female slave is taken by her owner, whereas all other women possess it absolutely for themselves

The property of slaves is owned by the master unless the master has granted the terms of a mukataba, which allowed the slave to earn money to purchase his or her freedom and similarly to pay bride wealth.

Slavery as an institution which, as elsewhere in the ancient world, Islam took for granted both at the time of the Qur'an's revelation and subsequently. However, Islam mitigated slavery by recommending kindness and the freeing of slaves as acts of great merit, and declaring that their mistreatment would cause damnation. Islam permits sexual relations between a male master and his female slave outside of marriage referred to in the Qur'an as ma malakat aymanukum or "what your right hands possess", although he may not co-habit with a female slave belonging to his wife. Neither can he have relations with a female slave if she is co-owned. If the female slave has a child by her master, she then receives the title of "Umm Walad" (lit. Mother of a child), which is an improvement in her status as she can no longer be sold and is legally freed upon the death of her master. The child, by default, is born free due to the father (i.e. the master) being a free man. Although there is no limit on the number of concubines a master may possess, the general marital laws are to be observed, such as not having intimate relations with the sister of a female slave. Ghamidi asserts that sexual relations with concubines were only permitted because slavery couldn't be eradicated immediately being an essential component of social and economic infra-structure.

The Qur’an gave slaves the right of Mukatabat i.e. to make contract with their masters according to which they would be required to pay a certain sum of money in a specific time period, or would carry out a specific service for their masters; once they would successfully fulfill either of these two options, they would stand liberated. The exegetical literature identified slaves as mukatab when buying their own freedom. As stated in Qur'an:

And if any of your slaves ask for Mukatabat, accept it give it to them if you know any good in them and [for this] give them out of the wealth which Allah has given to you.

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jastayme3       12/31/2008 3:52:37 PM
Isn't it kind of a tautology to say the civil rights of slaves are limited? That is after all, kind of the point.
 
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