| 1546 | Sultan Murad III of Turkey (1574-95) |
| 1799 | King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (1844-59) |
| 1804 | Nathaniel Hawthorne, militiaman, novelist (“The Scarlet Letter”) |
| 1807 | Giuseppe Garibaldi - "Hero of Two Continents" |
| 1826 | Green Clay Smith, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895 |
| 1828 | James Johnston Pettigrew, Brig Gen, C.S.A. |
| 1872 | Calvin Coolidge, only President born on the 4th |
| 1883 | Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, Chief of the Imperial General Staff |
| 1916 | Iva "Tokyo Rose" Toguri D'Aquino, d. 2006 |
| 1187 | Prince Reynoud de Chatillon of Antioch, kia at Hattin |
| 1307 | Rudolf III, Duke of Austria and King of Bohemia |
| 1450 | Lord Saye and Seal, beheaded at London |
| 1500 | Guid’Antonio Malvizzi, Patrician of Bologna, assassinated. |
| 1657 | Avise Mocenigo, Venetian admiral, when his flagship blew up in action against the Turks |
| 1787 | Prince Charles de Rohan-Soubise, Marshal of France, 71 |
| 1826 | John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, on the 50th anniversary of their Singing of the Declaration of Independence |
| 1831 | James Monroe, major of the Continental Line, president, at 73 |
| 1881 | Billy the Kid, shot by Sheriff Pat Garrett in New Mexico |
| 1940 | NYPD Detectives Joseph Lynch & Ferdinand Socha, by a bomb at the British Pavilion, NY World’s Fair; IRA or Nazi involvement suspected but never proven |
| 1943 | Wladyslaw Sikorski, Polish Premier-in-Exile, plane crash at Gibraltar |
| 1971 | ADM Thomas Hart, at 94 |
| 1974 | Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Mohammed al-Husseini, Nazi collaborator |
| 1187 | Battle of Hattin: Saladin defeats the Crusaders under King Guy of Jerusalem |
| 1190 | King Philip II's French & Richard I's English armies unite at Vezelay, to begin the 3rd Crusade |
| 1299 | Battle of Cape Orlando: Roger de Lauria's Catalan fleet defeats the Sicilians |
| 1301 | Battle of Breukelen: Holland defeats Lichtenberg. |
| 1547 | Battle of Oglio: the French defeat the Spanish |
| 1642 | Castro War: Battle of Codigoro - Papal Army defeats the Venetians |
| 1657 | Battle of the Dardanelles, Day 2: Venetian fleet defeats the Turks |
| 1708 | Battle of Holowczin: The Swedes defeat the Russians |
| 1754 | George Washington surrenders Ft. Necessity to the French |
| 1763 | Ojibwa and Sauk Indians capture Ft. Michilimackinac from the British |
| 1776 | Independence Day: The Signing of the Declaration of Independence begins |
| 1777 | John Paul Jones hoists the Stars and Stripes on Ranger, Portsmouth, NH. |
| 1801 | 1st Presidential Review of the Marine Band and Marines, at the White House. |
| 1802 | US Military Academy opens at West Point |
| 1806 | Battle of Maida: upset British victory over the French in Calabria |
| 1818 | Congress rules the flag shall have 13 stripes, and one star for each state |
| 1832 | Samuel Francis Smith's "America" sung in public for the first time |
| 1842 | Old gunboat Boxer is sunk in first trials of electrical underwater "torpedo" |
| 1848 | "The Communist Manifesto" is published, inspiring countless murders |
| 1857 | Great Battle between the Dead Rabbits and the Bowery B'hoys in The Bowery |
| 1861 | Skirmish at Harper's Ferry, WV |
| 1862 | Battle of Port Royal, SC |
| 1862 | John Hunt Morgan begins a raid in Kentucky, from Tomkinsville to Somerset by JUL 28 |
| 1863 | Battle of Gettysburg, Day 4: The armies hold their ground, as Lee hopes Meade will do a “Pickett”, while Meade sees no point in reprising a disaster |
| 1863 | Battle of Helena, Ark: Union Victory |
| 1863 | Skirmish at Smithburg, TN |
| 1863 | Vicksburg surrenders to U.S. Grant |
| 1866 | Battle of Monte Sullo: The Austrians defeat the Garibaldini |
| 1866 | Battle of Vezza d'Oglio: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians |
| 1875 | White rioters kill blacks in Vicksburg |
| 1879 | Battle of Ulundi: The British crush the Zulu Army |
| 1895 | "America the Beautiful,” by Katherine Lee Bates, ispublishes |
| 1936 | League of Nations applies sanctions on Italy over Ethiopia. |
| 1942 | Aussie coastwatchers report Japanese airfield building on Guadalcanal. |
| 1942 | First American bombing mission over Nazi-occupied Europe |
| 1942 | Japanese DD Nehoni is sunk in the Aleutians by U.S. submarine Triton. |
| 1942 | The AVG ("Flying Tigers") becomes the Fourteenth Air Force |
| 1943 | Elms 37th Infantry Div land at Bairoko, on Kula Gulf |
| 1943 | Japanese DDs with reinforcements for Vila, Kula Gulf, sink a U.S. DD |
| 1944 | Elms 503rd Parachute Inf drop on Noemfoor, to reinforce troops there |
| 1946 | Anti-Jewish riots in Kielce, Poland, 39 die |
| 1946 | Philippines gain independence from US, on schedule despite World War II |
| 1950 | USS Valley Forge & HMS Triumph make first UN air strikes of the Korean War |
| 1976 | Israeli commando raid liberates a hijacked airliner at Entebbe, Uganda |
| 1987 | Nazi Klaus Barbie, "Butcher of Lyon" convicted by a French court |
