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Born
1546 Sultan Murad III of Turkey (1574-95)
1799 King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (1844-59)
1804 Nathaniel Hawthorne, militiaman, novelist (“The Scarlet Letter”)
1807 Giuseppe Garibaldi - "Hero of Two Continents"
1826 Green Clay Smith, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895
1828 James Johnston Pettigrew, Brig Gen, C.S.A.
1872 Calvin Coolidge, only President born on the 4th
1883 Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, Chief of the Imperial General Staff
1916 Iva "Tokyo Rose" Toguri D'Aquino, d. 2006

Died
1187 Prince Reynoud de Chatillon of Antioch, kia at Hattin
1307 Rudolf III, Duke of Austria and King of Bohemia
1450 Lord Saye and Seal, beheaded at London
1500 Guid’Antonio Malvizzi, Patrician of Bologna, assassinated.
1657 Avise Mocenigo, Venetian admiral, when his flagship blew up in action against the Turks
1787 Prince Charles de Rohan-Soubise, Marshal of France, 71
1826 John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, on the 50th anniversary of their Singing of the Declaration of Independence
1831 James Monroe, major of the Continental Line, president, at 73
1881 Billy the Kid, shot by Sheriff Pat Garrett in New Mexico
1940 NYPD Detectives Joseph Lynch & Ferdinand Socha, by a bomb at the British Pavilion, NY World’s Fair; IRA or Nazi involvement suspected but never proven
1943 Wladyslaw Sikorski, Polish Premier-in-Exile, plane crash at Gibraltar
1971 ADM Thomas Hart, at 94
1974 Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Mohammed al-Husseini, Nazi collaborator

Event
1187 Battle of Hattin: Saladin defeats the Crusaders under King Guy of Jerusalem
1190 King Philip II's French & Richard I's English armies unite at Vezelay, to begin the 3rd Crusade
1299 Battle of Cape Orlando: Roger de Lauria's Catalan fleet defeats the Sicilians
1301 Battle of Breukelen: Holland defeats Lichtenberg.
1547 Battle of Oglio: the French defeat the Spanish
1642 Castro War: Battle of Codigoro - Papal Army defeats the Venetians
1657 Battle of the Dardanelles, Day 2: Venetian fleet defeats the Turks
1708 Battle of Holowczin: The Swedes defeat the Russians
1754 George Washington surrenders Ft. Necessity to the French
1763 Ojibwa and Sauk Indians capture Ft. Michilimackinac from the British
1776 Independence Day: The Signing of the Declaration of Independence begins
1777 John Paul Jones hoists the Stars and Stripes on Ranger, Portsmouth, NH.
1801 1st Presidential Review of the Marine Band and Marines, at the White House.
1802 US Military Academy opens at West Point
1806 Battle of Maida: upset British victory over the French in Calabria
1818 Congress rules the flag shall have 13 stripes, and one star for each state
1832 Samuel Francis Smith's "America" sung in public for the first time
1842 Old gunboat Boxer is sunk in first trials of electrical underwater "torpedo"
1848 "The Communist Manifesto" is published, inspiring countless murders
1857 Great Battle between the Dead Rabbits and the Bowery B'hoys in The Bowery
1861 Skirmish at Harper's Ferry, WV
1862 Battle of Port Royal, SC
1862 John Hunt Morgan begins a raid in Kentucky, from Tomkinsville to Somerset by JUL 28
1863 Battle of Gettysburg, Day 4: The armies hold their ground, as Lee hopes Meade will do a “Pickett”, while Meade sees no point in reprising a disaster
1863 Battle of Helena, Ark: Union Victory
1863 Skirmish at Smithburg, TN
1863 Vicksburg surrenders to U.S. Grant
1866 Battle of Monte Sullo: The Austrians defeat the Garibaldini
1866 Battle of Vezza d'Oglio: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians
1875 White rioters kill blacks in Vicksburg
1879 Battle of Ulundi: The British crush the Zulu Army
1895 "America the Beautiful,” by Katherine Lee Bates, ispublishes
1936 League of Nations applies sanctions on Italy over Ethiopia.
1942 Aussie coastwatchers report Japanese airfield building on Guadalcanal.
1942 First American bombing mission over Nazi-occupied Europe
1942 Japanese DD Nehoni is sunk in the Aleutians by U.S. submarine Triton.
1942 The AVG ("Flying Tigers") becomes the Fourteenth Air Force
1943 Elms 37th Infantry Div land at Bairoko, on Kula Gulf
1943 Japanese DDs with reinforcements for Vila, Kula Gulf, sink a U.S. DD
1944 Elms 503rd Parachute Inf drop on Noemfoor, to reinforce troops there
1946 Anti-Jewish riots in Kielce, Poland, 39 die
1946 Philippines gain independence from US, on schedule despite World War II
1950 USS Valley Forge & HMS Triumph make first UN air strikes of the Korean War
1976 Israeli commando raid liberates a hijacked airliner at Entebbe, Uganda
1987 Nazi Klaus Barbie, "Butcher of Lyon" convicted by a French court
Norwich University


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