A collaboration between Israel and India could yield quality birds, is the point he was making I believe.
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Explaining the Long-term Hostility between the United States and Iran
Ph.D. Dissertation
The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University
It is unfortunate that the long-term hostility between Iran and the United States has come to be seen in the oversimplified and narrowly defined terms of Islamic fundamentalism. One ramification of this common ideological construction is the difficulty it causes in answering an important historical question: How do we theoretically explain the long-term hostility between the United States and Iran? This dissertation seeks to explain the enduring animosity between the United States and Iran.
Despite the passing away of Ayatollah Khomeini in 1989, U.S.-Iranian relations have remained virtually frozen for two decades. In the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution in 1978-79, Iran became in due course the permanent enemy of the United States. The 19th century British foreign secretary and prime minister, Lord Palmerston, famously proclaimed that Great Britain ?has no permanent friends; she has only permanent interests.? Correspondingly, one needs to ask the question why the United Statesthe most powerful and prosperous nation of the 20th centuryas a matter of fact acquired a number of ?permanent enemies.?
Since Ayatollah Khomeini denounced the United States as the "Great Satan" and approved the seizure of the American embassy in Tehran in November 1979, the U.S. has treated the Islamic Republic of Iran as one of the most extreme, irrational, and dangerous governments in the world. President Clinton?s national security advisor, Anthony Lake, characterized Iran as a ?backlash? state and concluded ?[Iran?s] revolutionary and militant messages are openly hostile to the United States and its core interests. This basic political reality will shape relations for the foreseeable future.? The Clinton Administration then called for a policy of ?dual containment? of Iran and Iraq, which culminated in the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996.
Despite the extremely ideological and hostile rhetoric coming out of Iran, the argument can be made that Iran?s foreign policy since the death of Ayatollah Khomeini has been predominantly pragmatic and above all rooted in realpolitik dictated by economic, demographic, and legitimate security problems. However, two years into the second Clinton Administration, U.S. foreign policy toward Iran was paradoxically more uncompromising than at any time since the Hostage Crisis.
Today, the collision between Iran and the United States is directly linked to Iran?s involvement in international terrorism and Iran?s program for acquisition of weapons of mass destruction, and indirectly connected to parallel armed conflicts in the region. The United States and Iran have come to see several contested military and political issues in an entirely different light. The United States considers Iran?s effort to strengthen its military capability as destabilizing to the region. There is widespread agreement in the United States that Iran intends to acquire nuclear weapons. Iran?s program for acquisition of weapons of mass destruction is of great concern not only to the United States and Israel, but also to countries in Europe. However, Iran is nearly completely surrounded by countries with nuclear, chemical, or bacteriological capabilities. The eight year long war with Iraq taught Iran an extremely costly lesson not to ever fight another war without access to unconventional military capabilities. Moreover, Iran is geographically located within a conventional regional security environment that is extremely unstable. The region has seen three major wars over the last two decadesthe Iran-Iraq War, the Gulf War, and the never-ending war in Afghanistanin addition to a nuclear build-up between Pakistan and India. The region has in the same period experienced numerous smaller wars and armed conflicts in places like Tajikistan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Georgia, Chechnya, and ?Kurdistan.? The conflict in southern Lebanon between Israel and Hezbollah is particularly illuminating with regard to the United States and Iran?s diametrical perception of the same disputed issues. The United States has branded the Hezbollah a terrorist organization, wh
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