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Subject: The P-40 Thread
RockyMTNClimber    3/11/2009 12:41:01 PM
From time to time old US fighters get mentioned on these boards and I am suprised at how little respect the P-40 Kittyhawk/Warhawk, Tomahawk gets given the sterling accomplishments the aircraft achieved in the hands of Allied pilots during WWII. When the war started in 1941 there were two primary modern US types. The Army's Curtis P-40 and the Navy's Grumman F4F Wildcat. These aircraft both shared the American penchant for aircraft of rugged construction, heavy armament, and pilot protection. The P-40 featured a supercharged Allison 1170 hp, liquid cooled V12 engine with a critical altitude of 15,000 feet msl (critical altitude is the elevation at which the engine's supercharger will produce sea level manifold pressure). It's advantages over its adversaries were as follows: P-40 v. A6M Zeke/Zero, P-40 was faster in level flight than any of the contemporary A6M's. it had a maximum dive speed of 480mph v. the Zeke's 350mph. The typical load out of armament for a P-40 was 6 .50 caliber heavy machine guns; the Zeke/Zero had two rifle caliber machine guns in the nose that were suplimented by two short barrelled 20mm cannon. The P-40 had pit armor and self sealing tanks where the Zero was utterly un armored and caught fire with a single hit from a tracer bullet, even a rifle caliber bullet! The P-40 had superior roll and turning rates at any speed above 250mph. As long as the P-40 pilot stayed above 250 mph the Zero could not turn or roll with it! Another critical advantage for the P-40 was its ability to withdraw from a fight by diving away. Litterally, the allied pilot could choose the time and place to engage and disengage. P-40 v. BF-109; The P-40 had superior dive speed, again allowing the allied pilot to disengage or fight at his choosing. It also could turn inside of the 109 and arguably the US six .50 guns were a better choice for air to air combat. The ultimate proof is that allied pilots scored consistently better kill ratios against their enemies. This is true whether you are talking about allied pilots fighting A6M or the BF-109 or other types. This is also true when you discuss veteran enemy pilots against allied rookies. Simply put the P-40 was a great aircraft that allowed allied pilots to win early and win often. It was later overshadowed by better allied aircraft and that is okay too, but give the girl her due. Check Six Rocky
 
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RockyMTNClimber    P40 v. Bf109 in the horizontal plane.   3/11/2009 5:35:47 PM
No, it couldn't turn with a Bf 109 <Senty
 
I disagree Senty. I have a very good friend that disputed this after our last conversation here on SP and I asked him if the -109 could turn with a P40 and he said NO. Walt was with the 325th Fighter group back in the day and he would have known. In fact the only plane he ever was scared of in the Med was the FW 190. He said the 109s were limited in that they couldn't dive with you or turn with you, but the only thing to be done with a FW in your six was to split-S into the verticle and wave him good bye ( I am forever indebted to Walt for letting me land his Lear-24 on Santa Catalina Island's "Airport in the Sky", from the right seat. He threatened to make me pay the gas bill for the trip if I deployed the drag chute. so I planted that sucker right on the numbers scaring the hell out of everyone on board).
 
As further proof I would offer Nicky Barr's comments on how to stop a Bf109 who was residing on your tail from shooting you down. Barr's answer was to crank the 'Hawk into a turn and hold it there until the German pilot decided he had had enough.
 
The P-40 was a very nimble airplane for its day, it is just that the A6M Zeke could out turn anything in the sky, even the Spitfire, so the Warhawk never got the credit it deserved.
 
Check Six
 
Rocky


I would evade being shot at accurately by pulling so much g force... that you could feel the blood leaving the head and coming down over your eyes... And you would fly like that for as long as you could, knowing that if anyone was trying to get on your tail they were going through the same bleary vision that you had and you might get away. I had deliberately decided that any deficiency the Kittyhawk had was offset by aggression. And I'd done a little bit of boxing — I beat much better opponents simply by going for [them]. And I decided to use that in the air. And it paid off.ht***tp://www.abc.net.au/austory/transcripts/s513633.htm
 
 
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RockyMTNClimber    P40 v. P51   3/11/2009 5:51:19 PM
A very interesting note about the P40 and the P51 is that they cost about the same price. The P40 cost the DOD about $47,000.00 and the Mustang cost about $50,000.00. A P47 cost almost $133K and the Corsair/F6F came in around $125-130K. So you could build two and a half mustangs for the price of the other types. The P40 had reached a point where it showed no advantage over the Mustang so it became the odd man out. Still our allies were happy to recieve it when the other more advanced designs were going to the USAAF. The Mustang was a better aircraft but that does not mean it wasn't the equal of its contemporaries like the Zeke and Bf109.
 
It's combat record against those types proved different.
 
Check Six
 
Rocky
 
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RockyMTNClimber    JFKY   3/11/2009 6:07:14 PM

1) The P-51D had a range of 1,600 miles, with external tanks...yes, the P-40 could escort bombers, but it wasn't going to be able to fly to Berlin, at high altitude...and so I'd say this is one role for which the plane, as built, was not a good fit, such a non-fit it wasn't tried as far as I can tell.
2) I do think with an ASEA radar and Damocles pods, plus Spectra, that the P-40 would be a world beater, even today, certainly equal to F-16, in the early blocks.

Cute, but irrelevent. I am comparing the P40 to the aircraft it was pitted against. It was challenged by the A6M and the Bf109, not the F16. It was overall equal in performance to those types and certainly not a second rate aircraft by any measure. I never said it could escort bombers to Berlin, nor was it ever asked to. The Vaunted P47 couldn't make the trip to Berlin either so does that mean it wasn't a world beater?
 
 
Check Six
 
Rocky


 
 
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RockyMTNClimber    JFKY   3/11/2009 6:14:24 PM

1) The P-51D had a range of 1,600 miles, with external tanks...yes, the P-40 could escort bombers, but it wasn't going to be able to fly to Berlin, at high altitude...and so I'd say this is one role for which the plane, as built, was not a good fit, such a non-fit it wasn't tried as far as I can tell.
2) I do think with an ASEA radar and Damocles pods, plus Spectra, that the P-40 would be a world beater, even today, certainly equal to F-16, in the early blocks.

Cute, but irrelevent. I am comparing the P40 to the aircraft it was pitted against. It was challenged by the A6M and the Bf109, not the F16. It was overall equal in performance to those types and certainly not a second rate aircraft by any measure. I never said it could escort bombers to Berlin, nor was it ever asked to. The Vaunted P47 couldn't make the trip to Berlin either so does that mean it wasn't a world beater?
 
 
Check Six
 
Rocky


 
 
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JFKY    Well   3/11/2009 6:40:35 PM
1) You quote its range a plus, I'm merely pointing out that it's range is OK, but as far as long-range needs go it was inferior to the P-51D.  So inferior that it was a role that could not be filled by the P-40.  In many ways it was a fine a/c, in this role it would have been a dog...  The P-47 had as equivalent range, more fire power, was sturdier, and could perform A2A and A2G, I'd give the nod to the P-47 over the P-40, and no neither of them were dogs.  It's merely that the P-40 was an older design that got caught and then passed by later designs, such as the P-47.
2) You're too used to herald/BW blood feuds...that was a joke at BW's expense, re: the P-40 and Spectra, you know, not a dig at the P-40.  You know some folks believe that the Rafale is the end-all-be-all of modern a/c design and can be used multi-role wunderwaffe...I was merely poking fun at that attitude, not you or the plane.
 
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JFKY    Wiki quotes a price    3/11/2009 6:41:45 PM
of US $83,000 for the P-47.
 
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RockyMTNClimber    Comparisons   3/11/2009 7:01:39 PM

1) You quote its range a plus, I'm merely pointing out that it's range is OK, but as far as long-range needs go it was inferior to the P-51D.  So inferior that it was a role that could not be filled by the P-40.  In many ways it was a fine a/c, in this role it would have been a dog...  The P-47 had as equivalent range, more fire power, was sturdier, and could perform A2A and A2G, I'd give the nod to the P-47 over the P-40, and no neither of them were dogs.  It's merely that the P-40 was an older design that got caught and then passed by later designs, such as the P-47.

2) You're too used to herald/BW blood feuds...that was a joke at BW's expense, re: the P-40 and Spectra, you know, not a dig at the P-40.  You know some folks believe that the Rafale is the end-all-be-all of modern a/c design and can be used multi-role wunderwaffe...I was merely poking fun at that attitude, not you or the plane.


Okay I didn't get the joke, sorry. I am limiting my comparisons to its contemporaries the Zeke and the Bf109 and showing that it could hang with those in its day as well as other allied types. Clearly it was passed by by about 1943 when better allied aircraft started arriving. Still, it fought right to the end of the war and its overall performance in combat was nothing short of excellent.

 
 
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earlm    P-40 vs 109   3/11/2009 8:49:14 PM
P-40 has advantages in toughness, firepower, ammo capacity, turn, roll, cockpit vision and ergonomics.  It's only disadvantages are rate of climb and altitude performance.  Its poor kill ratio vs the 109 has to be pilot quality.  The majority of 109 kills on the P-40 were Commonwealth pilots.  I am unsure of their tactics or training but it obviously wasn't enough to deal with Marseille and the other Germans.
 
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benellim4       3/11/2009 9:58:22 PM
Earlier this evening, I was reading this thread while watching a Military Channel program on the P-40. Very interesting. I never had given much thought to the P-40 other than I thought it looked cool.
 
Some points from the program I'd love for someone to educate me on.
-They said the P-40s weren't good enough to to tangle with the Bf-109, so the Commonwealth forces sent them to the Pacific. That seemed very odd on the face of it. The Zeke/Zero was no slouch. That doesn't seem right. I wonder what the full story is.
-They did point out the superior dive rate. In fact, the pilot they were interviewing said they had to stand on the left rudder. I'm not a pilot, so I'm guessing here, is that because of the torque from the prop?
-They brought up the point about the Allison vs Rolls Royce engines. They also brought up the supercharged engines vs. engines sans supercharger. So what's the real scoop? Some had SC's and some did not? Was this simply an availability issue?

Thanks.
 
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RockyMTNClimber    Supercharger a go go   3/11/2009 10:50:44 PM

Earlier this evening, I was reading this thread while watching a Military Channel program on the P-40. Very interesting. I never had given much thought to the P-40 other than I thought it looked cool.
 
Some points from the program I'd love for someone to educate me on.

-They said the P-40s weren't good enough to to tangle with the Bf-109, so the Commonwealth forces sent them to the Pacific. That seemed very odd on the face of it. The Zeke/Zero was no slouch. That doesn't seem right. I wonder what the full story is.


-They did point out the superior dive rate. In fact, the pilot they were interviewing said they had to stand on the left rudder. I'm not a pilot, so I'm guessing here, is that because of the torque from the prop?

-They brought up the point about the Allison vs Rolls Royce engines. They also brought up the supercharged engines vs. engines sans supercharger. So what's the real scoop? Some had SC's and some did not? Was this simply an availability issue?

Thanks.


 
I'll start with answering what a Supercharger & Turbo Super Charger is. All aspirating (piston) engines loose power as they climb up above sea level because the higher they go the less oxygen is available for burning in the fuel air mixture. What a supercharger or turbo super-charger do is compress the air that is available at what ever altitude the aircraft is at to maintain seal level engine performance which is measured in manifold pressure. The compression is created by a set of impellers that spin inside of a little cylindrical chamber. The energy to accomplish this is either bled from the exhaust stack via a small line or it is driven off of an accessory pad on the back of the engine, or in the case of the P40's Allison, it can be a geared drive off of the engine.
 
 
All Curtis P40s left the factory with a supercharger. Repeat, the P40's have superchargers and allot of information out there gets that wrong. The Allison's supercharger was a simple, single stage system that would only maintain sea level manifold pressure to about 15000 feet or so depending upon conditions. Above that the aircraft's performance against other aircraft with multi stage superchargers will begin to fade. The reason the Allies sent it to Africa and the Pacific was because most of the air combat in those theaters took place below 10,000 feet MSL. If needed, the aircraft certainly could have been fitted with a higher performing turbocharger and in fact eventually it was fitted with a Merlin engine. US Turbo super chargers in the P38 and in the P47 were big systems. The P38's TC's were housed in the booms behind the wings with those snail shaped impeller sets you see from above on the Lightning, and the P47's was stuck in the rear fuselage behind the fuel tank and plumbed all the way up to the engine. These were big, heavy, complex systems. The P51's was mated right up under the engine just like the Spitfire's. Smaller, lighter, easier to house.
 
Regarding the Bf109, I have already posted that the P40 was argueably a better performer, at least at the elevations where they saw combat against the 109 in Africa and Italy. One US airgroup, the 325th, with relatively inexperienced pilots ran up a 133-12 kill ratio mostly against Luftwaffe Bf109s (April 1943-Sept1943, the 325th had no combat experience prior to arriving in Africa).  This validates the British experiences of Nick Barr, Australia, 12 P40 kills and Clive Caldwel, 20 1/2 kills in the P40. The P40 was faster than the 109 and I believe could turn inside of it, Senty disagrees. The P40 was the fastest thing above the planet in a dive so a P40 pilot could leave when he decided it was the better part of valor.

Once the P40 pilots learned how to fight the airplane they became very successful against enemy Zekes/Zeros and Bf109s. It's greatest virtue was probably the fact that when things got really tough, the P40 pilot could bug out and live to fight another day. Something the enemy pilot couldn't do.
 
Check Six
 
Rocky
 
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