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Subject: Rafale Thread
Softwar    3/9/2009 9:47:25 AM
Started with hope that BW will limit his comments here instead of in every other Fighter thread. I'll start off with:

1 - no export sales
2 - no laser designator
3 - no AESA
4 - overpriced 4th gen fighter
 
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Bluewings12       3/31/2009 4:25:17 PM
I did throw you a life line with :
""I would enjoy the posters saying with me that for the last 8 years , mostly for the WoT , the only aircrafts who have been fighting and bombing the Talibans fools are the NATO F-16s , F-18s and the French M2000s and Rafales .""
 
You didn 't want it , which is telling me how much anti-French and anti-BW you are . You could have told me "pi** off BW but it is true that the French Mirages and Rafales are doing the job and helping the cause" . But no ...
How do you want me to discuss with people like you ??? You accept nothing even when it comes from Official Sites , you keep shooting at the messenger without checking what the message is and your debating skills are close to none .
 
I am not going to answer the last 3 posts as they are meaningless .
 
Cheers .
 
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Herald12345    Optics.   3/31/2009 8:29:46 PM
 
You need that to understand IRSTS.
 
You need math and physics for the optics textbook though.
 
Herald
 

 
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Herald12345    A2A missiles and their ranges.   3/31/2009 9:01:42 PM
 
Maybe that will help.
 
 
And that might help too. Strictly speaking the flyout of a missile is measured in burn seconds as well residual energy (potential momentum left versus drag, lift, and gravity.)  While you may get repeatable ballistics trajectories from an arttillery piece firing from one spot on the earth to another, that is a static two body problem. Aircraft are different. A air to air missile is an aircraft  that is shoved hard early and then coasts. Even the METEOR will coast through much of its trajectory.  
 
Anyway the missile will not act like an artillery shell, which is why it takes a differential calculus more advanced than what we have to predict exact outcomes for a three or four maneuvering body constantly moving problem. Simple trig will do for that artillery comparison example I set up. So we do estimates for the engagement interval around a launching aircraft and assign probabilities to the PK for our missiles based on known flyouts and potential energy left after burnout. I'm confident about RAYTHEON's figures. I'm also confident about MBDA's. RAYTHEON doesn't have to exaggerate. They don't have to since they have actual war data to back up their marketing and their rockets..
 
Same can be said for RAFAEL, BAE, and Vympel Design Bureau.
 
Note that in the case of MICA and ASTER, MBDA cannot?
 
Now if someone wants to dispute data presented, maybe he can explain first what the simple presented data means or why light still remains light despite assertions to the contrary. A photographer (some of you are camera bugs?) knows exactly why you cannot use a camera or an infrared detector to measure range.
 
Anyway I read this thread for the past week, and its the same old thing as before.
 
If the physics or the technology is against you, its because of an anti-French bias? Is that so? 
 
PROVE IT. Not with brochures and publicity releases, either. Discuss the science.   
 
Herald   
 

 
 
 
 
 
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sinoflex    Great Explanation Herald   3/31/2009 11:30:21 PM
Excellent illustration using lenses on cameras.  All one has to do is to look at how the gaps between the distance markers on a lens barrel decrease as the distance increases.   At a certain point it is impossible to discern the distance of an object from one that is at infinity.  Depth of field, circles of confusion...
 
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DarthAmerica       3/31/2009 11:39:03 PM

Excellent illustration using lenses on cameras.  All one has to do is to look at how the gaps between the distance markers on a lens barrel decrease as the distance increases.   At a certain point it is impossible to discern the distance of an object from one that is at infinity.  Depth of field, circles of confusion...

It is why I referenced that Mig IRST article where the designers specifically state that the ranges are estimates. Even at a few % that will matter greatly during a BVR fight.

-DA 
 
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gf0012-aust    Herald12345   4/1/2009 12:07:40 AM
wb.

check your email 
 
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leroy       4/1/2009 1:51:43 AM
You need to learn when you don't know what you are talking about bluewings.
 
You sit here insisting you know what you are talking about, even while saying things that prove beyond any doubt that you don't have even the vaguest idea what you are talking about.  These aren't language issues, or differences in interpretation, we are talking about crucial concepts you seem to have no idea about. 
 
You don't even understand how missile ranges are expressed, but you insist on lecturing us on missile ranges.
 
You clearly have no understanding of IRSTs, or even optics... and yet you insist on inventing capabilities for your favorite airplane.
 
You are continually wrong about even basic facts. "The Rafale is lighter than any other aircraft currently deployed on any carrier."   How can you expect anyone to take you seriously when you say things like this?  Your own navy has a far lighter jet operational on your one carrier. 
 
Then, on top of all of that... you are just a run of the mill fanboy.  You have decided your favorite airplane is the best, now you have set out to prove it.  It has the best radar in Europe.  It is the best plane made in Europe.  It has the best electronic warfare system.  It has the best "man machine interface."  It has the best missile in the world.  blah blah blah
 
We get it, you wish the Rafale was just the best plane in every way. 
 
 
The problem is that we prefer to deal with reality.  The Rafale is a very good plane, but compared to its technological contemporaries it is a pretty average aircraft with several significant drawbacks.
 

 
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benellim4       4/1/2009 5:57:09 PM
Good to see Herald back.
 
Just to derail the topic once more, I have had considerable experience with touch screens in the military. One thing I have found is how often the techs hate them. And I mean HATE them. They much prefer to be able to replace a button or a switch if it fails than replace an entire assembly if the "hot spot" or whatever they are calling them these days wears out, and they do wear out depending on the application. I have also talked to many users, who prefer the tactile feedback of button, switch or knob.
 
Personally, I'm neutral on them. It all depends on the application, as alluded to earlier in this thread.
 
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MM       4/6/2009 9:13:08 AM

First, let me say that they offer some really great capabilities, with more potential still available.  The reason IRSTs become such a contentious topic on message boards is that fanboys have a tendency to misunderstand what they are capable of and make various wild claims about them. 

A good IRST can detect and track a target at extremely long ranges, potentially in excess of 150km.  That same IRST may struggle to detect and track the same target at 50km...  To keep things short, their performance is extremely dependent on environmental factors and the target's aspect.  When you see some company claiming an incredibly long range for an IRST, it isn't necessarily untrue, it is just a best case scenario.  Typical performance will be far less than advertised. 

Another major issue with IRSTs is that like any telescope, they can either have a wide field of view, but relatively low magnification or they can have high magnification and a very small field of view.   In practice that means that at short ranges they can locate and track targets autonomously, but that at longer ranges there is simply too much sky for them to effectively search. (They are doing the equivelant of looking through a soda straw.)  For this reason modern IRSTs, and any other long range optical device such as targeting pods or the TV camera in the Rafale, are almost always designed to be cued where to look by other sensors.  Once told where to find the target, they can often track it at relatively long range, but that isn't the same thing as finding the target in the first place. 

See this article for a little discussion of the Sniper XR targetting pod, which can act as an IRST.  Note the one bit about using the F-16's radar to detect the fighter before switching over to the targetting pod.  A very good RWR, or perhaps a datalink could also provide such cueing. 

h*tp://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/10044top.xml   

Another major limitation that is frequently not understood is that IRSTs have a hard time performing ranging, which is why most rely on a laser range finder.  It isn't impossible to perform ranging without a laser, but you aren't going to get nearly the level of accuracy as you would with a radar.  This makes carrying out long range attacks relying solely on an IRST problematic. It certainly isn't  impossible, but there will be trade-offs, primarily in range and probability of kill.  

Yet another issue is that IRSTs have very poor multi-target performance compared to modern radars, especially AESAs. Tracking a single target is one thing, even 2-3... but if you reach the point where there are a number of targets spread all over the sky it is not going to be able to keep its eye on all of them.  This is a significant issue if you are thinking about an even medium sized air engagement. (Would you be happy knowing where a pair of your opponents are but left wondering where those other two #!$% went?) 

So what is the bottom line?  IRSTs offer some great capabilities.  They really can track targets at very long ranges under the right conditions.  They can perform some useful indentification functions that are very very useful in a low-intensity conflict.  They are passive, can't be jammed, and they aren't affected by radar cross section.  The jamming resistance is important, and one major reason why IRSTs are included on many legacy fighters.  In the event the fighter's radar was jammed, at least it would still have Something... but they were never intended to be a fighter's primary sensor going into an engagement.   

More recently of course there has been a lot of talk about trying to use IRSTs to counter stealth aircraft.  It is pretty impossible to have a meaningful discussion about this because there is simply no information publically available about how susceptable the US's stealth aircraft are to this approach. It is worth noting that all of these aircraft have received major work to reduce their IR signatures.  Look at the engines on the B-2, or F-117, specifically their location.  While you are at it, go back to that link above and see what the targetting pod was actually locking on to when tracking the F-16...    

"XR. Griffiths had some difficulty locating the other fighter in IR white-hot/wide FOV, but finally locked the point-tracker onto the bright-white engine tailpipe."

IR stealth is largely about eliminating hot-spots that provide a high-contrast. 
 

A very belated thanks. Are the maximum ranges you typically see advertised, like for the OLS-35 of 50km head on, the cued magnified ranges or are those the wider field of view ranges? Also what affect will QWIP chips have on IRSTs? 

Thx
MM


 
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gf0012-aust       4/6/2009 5:26:55 PM
A very belated thanks. Are the maximum ranges you typically see advertised, like for the OLS-35 of 50km head on, the cued magnified ranges or are those the wider field of view ranges? Also what affect will QWIP chips have on IRSTs? 

from my exp we found that the advertised range typically referred to a blob detection, discriminatory and target useful range was atypically 60% (and often less) of advertised range. This was done on various Euro solutions




 
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MM       4/6/2009 8:31:15 PM
from my exp we found that the advertised range typically referred to a blob detection, discriminatory and target useful range was atypically 60% (and often less) of advertised range. This was done on various Euro solutions

So when you talk about target useful ranges are you talking about the ability to develop a useful target track?  Also what about networking for triangulation?

 

Thx

MM


 
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gf0012-aust       4/6/2009 10:59:21 PM

So when you talk about target useful ranges are you talking about the ability to develop a useful target track?  


I'm talking about a corresponding level of confidence capability for a given solution 

 
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karlos    OPTIC   4/9/2009 2:13:30 AM
 

You clearly have no understanding of IRSTs, or even optics... and yet you insist on inventing capabilities for your favorite airplane.


 
To tell the truth, US is far behind EU in optics area. German technology is the front edge and France is next to it.
 
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gf0012-aust       4/9/2009 2:46:49 AM
To tell the truth, US is far behind EU in optics area. German technology is the front edge and France is next to it.
the swedes are miles ahead of the french and germans.... figuratively and actually....

 
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Bluewings12       4/13/2009 7:05:01 PM
I have been away working , much have been said since my last post ...
 
Since the discussion is very much 'intellectual' orientated , allow me to switch to a more visual experience . I always said that the Rafale was one of the best flyer around and it was an enormous quality in itself . The jet can move in a fast turning 3Dworld faster than most other aircrafts and is probably the best dogfighter around , put aside its supersonic capabilities .
I 've chosen a recent video never posted here so you 'll see how the new Demo looks like  . If you speak a bit of French , the gentle voice is from another Rafale pilot explaining the 6.30 minutes demo . It is an eye ~and ears~ opening :
 
h*tp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ctMM4zqO9a4&hl=fr
 
- at 30s , the first 9g climb
- at 55s , check the roll rate during the vertical dive followed by an 11g 'left eye"
from there to 1:23 , it is a constant 7g acceleration (the RAF Typhoon tried and missed , its altitude after the turn was too low)
- then it is a constant 9g turn to 1:45
- then you have a double barrel in a 6g left climb (that alone would put any Su-XX out)
- then , the usual "low speed" demo show , in this case 100 knots
- then afterburner and direct climb with vertical acceleration (from 2:45)
- followed by a gentle 360deg at 7g to show off
- we have now a full AB burst (from 3:25 to 3:38) with a full "left barrique" immediatly followed by a 8g turn (a SH will do a "straigh on" and cannot turn and a Viper will only turn 6g and loose 200 knots : the reason being that the SH doesn 't have the power and the Falcon is just outclassed)
 
-then , we have the "Square Dance" (starting at 3:59) This is a really fast roll followed by an 90deg 11g turn , 4 times in the row (to make a square) . As the Rafale pilot says , no other aircraft is able to do such violent and vicious stuff because the Rafale's airframe and FBW system is the best around . The Typhoon tried it and kept loosing altitude , not because of its engines ~wich are more powerfull than the Rafale 's M88~ but because of a lesser airframe and a lesser FBW . As it is now , no US aircraft is able to come close to fly the Square Dance (I would like to see the Raptor trying) .
- Then , the Rafale is doing a 9g climb/turn (right after the Square Dance) up to 4:45 then another 9g slow climb turn up to 5:10
- at 5:15 , Rafale is making a 30deg nose dive at high speed (that 's 11g)
- from 5:38 to the end , it is simply well done .
 
I liked very much the video because the AdA wanted to show and to prove that the Rafale can fly very fast when doing high G turns without loosing much speed as some people tend to believe . The Delta/canard shape is still running the show in more than one flight envelope , as long as you know how to build it . Keep in mind that the Gripen cannot do the Rafale 's Demo and the Typhoon also comes short . All delta wing designs are not equals ...
Being a excellent flyer is a quality on its own and a very important one .
There are many very good videos of SH , F15 , F16 , F-22 and various SU-xxs Demos around , but none show such speedy display . As one of my friend said :"doing a Cobra or a controled Stall against a M2000 or a Rafale in dogfight is suicidal" , my friend is a M2000-5 pilot here in Dijon .
 
The Rafale being an excellent flyer , it also have some tricks up it sleeves . The F3 standard might have the whole armory available , the F2 is probably even deadlier at long range because of the OSF and the SPECTRA F3 Blk . I will come back on it later in this post with some goods .
There is a very known video about the Rafale F3 called "Global punch" :
h*tp://www.dailymotion.com/video/xzrje_rafale-global-punch_extreme
 
The only "mistake" is that the Helmet Mounted Sight (HMS) is not available , the rest is spot on (RBE2 , MICA , SPECTRA , AASM , APACHE , etc ) .
 
 
I also wanted to speak about something rather untalked here because it is a sensitive topic : Infra-Red Jamming .
I am not talking about deceptive flares but about active IR jamming
Actively jamming an IR seeker is a hard task . To start with , you have no way to detect the end tracking as it is perfectly passive . The missile can perfectly close on you undetected for the last 10km , your defensive systems might have spotted the missile leaving its rail (IR long range warning) but the rest is up to the missile and the up-link Fighter/missile . Do WE have anything to actively jam the incoming IR missile ?  Well ?..
...
Yes we do . When I say "we" , I mean pretty much anyone who has been fielding an excellent LRF (Laser Range Finder) onboard a fighter (a lot of people has) . But an excellent LRF is not good enough , you need a second capability and here we are going into sensitive ground .
I made some research and some friends helped me , we found some very good papers and studies from different Countries and after having a good look , I decided to use a US study . This way , I hope that you will take my point as seriously as you can (I could have have used EU studies) .
 
 ""IR jammers generate IR signals which attack the guidance signals passed to the sensors in IR-guided weapons. Optimum use of an IR jammer requires information about the spin-andchop frequencies of the missile seeker that is being jammed. This can be measured by scanning the missile tracker with a laser."
 
Keep this in mind as it is of the utmost importance . Next :
 
""The IR detector surface is reflective, and the lens gives the laser a double advantage (amplifying both on the way in and on the way back out). As the reticule moves over the sensor , the level of reflected signal will change. This allows a processor to
reconstruct the waveform and phase of the energy pattern reaching the weapon?s IR sensor.""
 
We are still talking about a low power level LRF , a good processor and  :
 
""Once the missile tracking signal is determined, the IR jammer can create an erroneous pulse pattern that will cause the missile tracking signals to produce incorrect steering commands in a manner similar to the effect of a deceptive RF jammer.""
 
I am not inventing it , it is from USA scientists (we even have better in Europe but I keep it for later) .
Then , the US paper goes :
 
""The IR jamming signal comprises pulses of IR energy which can be generated in several ways. One way is to flash a Xenon lamp or an arc lamp. Another way, is the time-controlled exposure of a mass of hot material (called a ?hot brick?). Mechanical shutters expose the hot brick to generate the required jamming signal. Both of these techniques produce jamming
signals over a wide angular area for wide aspect protection.""
 
This is clear but there is another way , a third way . I should add a fourth way to be honest . As Karlos said :
""To tell the truth, US is far behind EU in optics area.""
The third way is to have an active LRF precise enough to blind the seeker 's cone view as it comes on you . To archive this trick , you need a powerfull and very precise passive targeting system like SPECTRA + OSF + TV working together with a powerfull computer . The F3 SPECTRA has most probably divided by two the accuracy of tracking (which was already one degree with the F1 standard) and the Rafale can direct its active LRF to the adverse IR missile seeker to blind it at range up to 8-12km , if my friends and I are right . Obviously , that goes for the front sector . If the missile is coming from the rear , the jamming is not possible .
The fourth way is only a supposition , it has something to do with high powered IR "flashlight" .
 
About the third way , the US paper is on my side when saying :
 
""A third way to generate the jamming signal is by use of an IR laser. The laser is easy to modulate and can produce very high level jamming signals, but is intrinsically narrow in beamwidth.""
 
So , the less than one degree accuracy I talked about . Solution :
 
""Therefore, it must be accurately pointed at the tracker it is jamming. This requires beam steering controlled by an IR sensor
with high angular resolution.""
 
which is exactly what SPECTRA+OSF+TV are doing .
Do you know any other Fighter than the Rafale who has such onboard capability (without any Pods) ?
 
Cheers .

 
 
 
 
 
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