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Subject: If Nazi Germany had a carrier Force, what outcome would have resulted.
1stCohort    1/15/2008 8:53:52 AM
Would the outcome of WWII in general but in particular the war in europe, have changed if Germany had pursued the Graff Zepplin Carrier project, and Had 3-4 Carriers by the time WWII started. And plans of the navalized version of the stuka were completed by 1940.
 
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Herald12345    Not really.   1/15/2008 9:23:57 AM
The geography is wrong for Germany to use aircraft carriers . Better  resource use would be to not build Bismarks, accelerate U-boat  construction instead, and  fight an MEZ war to the death against Britain, delaying the Russia war six months if necessary.

Herald
 
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prometheus       1/15/2008 9:26:48 AM
Depends very largely on the aircraft being flown off of the Carrier. A navalised ME-109 (surely the most likely option) as an interceptor would suffer from the same problems as the Supermarine Seafire did - lack of range. The stuka as a dive bomber would, like all dive bombers be at the mercy of whichever interceptor found it first. Also, I don't believe the germans had a decent design for a carrier borne torpedo bomber-  not sure if the Stuka could do the job (haven't checked the stats).
 
4 carriers would leave it outnumbered 2-1 by the British units and the several American units that were int he Atlantic in '42. I think these carriers would find themselves at the mercy of the fact that the Atlantic, unlike the pacific has large landmasses  that allow for more land based air power, particularly around the north atlantic.
 
Most importantly, the ability of the german navy to strike at the Royal navy carriers would be limited by range. Sending in unescorted Stukas only ever had one outcome and many RAF pilots became aces overnight with 'stuka parties'. Our own limitations in carrier aircraft, such as the abysmal Blackburn Roc and fairy fulmar were overcome by buying American, Machines like the Corsair, Douglas SBD and the Grumman cat series would mean that any German carrier force would find itself badly outranged and facing a balanced air group that would have much better chances of penetrating the German air defences than vice versa.
 
On the other hand it may have had the effect of causing the germans to form battle groups around the carriers including several of the German battleships which may have lead to one or two 'midwayesque' battles that would have crippled the german surface force quicker than was subsequently the case of picking of the Graf spee, Bismarck, Tripitz one by one.
 
Simply put, a carrier force was outside the Germans experience of commerce war, they had neither the experience nor the aircraft to make a decent go of such a force.
 
That's my opinion anyway, it's my first post and no doubt there are more experienced guys on this site with a better knowledge than me.
 
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StobieWan       1/15/2008 10:39:48 AM
You'd need to bring forward the bulk of the Plan Z building as well as I don't think the Kriegsmarine would have built the carriers without the surface escort group to go with them. I think it'd have been a dangerous diversion of resources at the time and would have put the Germans in the position of being forced to stand and fight, with their inevitable defeat.



 
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Herald12345       1/15/2008 10:58:40 AM

Depends very largely on the aircraft being flown off of the Carrier. A navalised ME-109 (surely the most likely option) as an interceptor would suffer from the same problems as the Supermarine Seafire did - lack of range. The stuka as a dive bomber would, like all dive bombers be at the mercy of whichever interceptor found it first. Also, I don't believe the germans had a decent design for a carrier borne torpedo bomber-  not sure if the Stuka could do the job (haven't checked the stats).

 

4 carriers would leave it outnumbered 2-1 by the British units and the several American units that were int he Atlantic in '42. I think these carriers would find themselves at the mercy of the fact that the Atlantic, unlike the pacific has large landmasses  that allow for more land based air power, particularly around the north atlantic.

 

Most importantly, the ability of the german navy to strike at the Royal navy carriers would be limited by range. Sending in unescorted Stukas only ever had one outcome and many RAF pilots became aces overnight with 'stuka parties'. Our own limitations in carrier aircraft, such as the abysmal Blackburn Roc and fairy fulmar were overcome by buying American, Machines like the Corsair, Douglas SBD and the Grumman cat series would mean that any German carrier force would find itself badly outranged and facing a balanced air group that would have much better chances of penetrating the German air defences than vice versa.

 

On the other hand it may have had the effect of causing the germans to form battle groups around the carriers including several of the German battleships which may have lead to one or two 'midwayesque' battles that would have crippled the german surface force quicker than was subsequently the case of picking of the Graf spee, Bismarck, Tripitz one by one.

 

Simply put, a carrier force was outside the Germans experience of commerce war, they had neither the experience nor the aircraft to make a decent go of such a force.

 

That's my opinion anyway, it's my first post and no doubt there are more experienced guys on this site with a better knowledge than me.

That's not a bad summary at all. Quite good in fact.

Herald

 
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Heorot    Herald   1/17/2008 7:03:51 PM
You're the logistics guru. How do you keep a carrier group supplied? The Germans could use Milch Cows to keep U-boats at sea but how do you get supply ships past the British blockade after 1941. The alternatives are neutral ports (not very likely apart from Spain) or the task force units also running the gauntlett home to French ports.

OK for commerce raiders like the Graf Spee and Admiral Scheer, but not feasible for carriers and escorts because of the fuel and ammunition volumes involved.



 
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Herald12345       1/17/2008 11:18:15 PM

You're the logistics guru. How do you keep a carrier group supplied? The Germans could use Milch Cows to keep U-boats at sea but how do you get supply ships past the British blockade after 1941. The alternatives are neutral ports (not very likely apart from Spain) or the task force units also running the gauntlett home to French ports.

OK for commerce raiders like the Graf Spee and Admiral Scheer, but not feasible for carriers and escorts because of the fuel and ammunition volumes involved.




You do what the Russians did Heorot. You design a sortie fleet. Raiders don't need endurance, they just need to carry sufficient load to break out, raid, and get home. You see this in the design of the Graf Spee. She was designed to operate scout planes, a few bombers, but mainly fighters.

Sea denial is not the same as control.

Herald
 
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Herald12345    Brainfart.   1/17/2008 11:19:51 PM



You're the logistics guru. How do you keep a carrier group supplied? The Germans could use Milch Cows to keep U-boats at sea but how do you get supply ships past the British blockade after 1941. The alternatives are neutral ports (not very likely apart from Spain) or the task force units also running the gauntlett home to French ports.

OK for commerce raiders like the Graf Spee and Admiral Scheer, but not feasible for carriers and escorts because of the fuel and ammunition volumes involved.





You do what the Russians did Heorot. You design a sortie fleet. Raiders don't need endurance, they just need to carry sufficient load to break out, raid, and get home. You see this in the design of the Graf Spee. She was designed to operate scout planes, a few bombers, but mainly fighters.

Sea denial is not the same as control.

Herald
Plug in Graf Zeppelin for Graf Spee.

Herald

 
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Ehran       1/18/2008 11:58:38 AM
one big question is what does germany have to give up to get these carriers, escorts and aircraft?  lot of money and steel etc tied up in a navy like that.
 
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FJV       1/18/2008 12:18:50 PM
That carrier would have been taken out rather fast. The longer lasting effect would be a lot of cool model kits.



 
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Wicked Chinchilla       1/18/2008 3:59:10 PM
If they wanted four carriers they can kiss quite a bit goodbye.
 
Assuming the carriers are wanted at the traditional start of the war, or at the very least early war, they would have to give up:  (These are different scenarios as to what they would have to give up, not all to be taken at once)
 
1)  Some of their Heavy Surface Raiders.  Cant have 4 carriers...and Bismark..and Tirpitz....and...etc. etc.  Honestly this would probably have to happen regardless of available resources due to shipyards.  They didnt have anywhere to build them all simultaneously.  I suppose they could use the yards in France after its fall, but then you have to figure its under allied bombing and would take a long time to finish anyway.
 
2)  Your U-boats.  Yes, uboats are cheap, but if you want the carriers you have to take a large chunk out of your U-Boat fleet.  Considering Donitz was pretty upset and considerably handicapped when his proposed 300 U-Boat fleet was no where near that number at war start then getting the carreirs built would be a hard sell.  That, and any reduction in U-Boats means that the blockade of Britain would be much reduced.  As effective as it was early on it SHOULD have been much worse had Donitz possessed the fleet he wanted.  With less U-Boats the Battle of the Atlantic would be over much earlier. 
 
3) Tanks.  Bunches of Tanks.  Of course, this didnt really stop Germany anyway, they were markedly short on true, effective, armor early on in reality.  Reducing that number further could jeopardize the ground compaigns.
 
 
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earlm    What If?   1/19/2008 10:32:29 PM
What's the tactic, commerce raiding or fleet to fleet combat?  In fleet to fleet the air group can't achieve anything against armored deck carriers and BBs. so the question is irrelevant.  In commerce raiding you have a big juicy target that is a very expensive scout.  Mark for mark you get more out of subs.  It does complicate the UK position to have a CV raiding group out but in the end you're going against the world's best navy man for man and giving them what they excel at.  If you really want to complicate things you build raiders.  A raider would have armor to defeat DD projectiles (1 inch) and scout float planes.  It would have 5.9 inch guns to sink escorts and torpedoes to sink merchant ships quick.  It would need tremendous range but also high speed to outrun cruisers.  It would need equipment to refuel from milch cows.  Sounds like a war winner, huh?  Well, not really.  All the Brits have to do is place a WW1 cruiser with each convoy.  Read The Cost of Seapower by Pugh.  Basically if you have the bigger naval budget you win, the smaller you lose and you come up with harebrained schemes like the raider described above that only work if the enemy cooperates.  A viable German CV would use the FW-190 as its only plane to simplify logistics.  There was a torpedo carrying version.  This means you don't have planes until 1942.  No torpedoes means no sinking BBs.  Stukas would be useless.  By 1942 you're done at sea anyway.  The best German naval strategy for WW2 was U-boat and hilfskreuzer.  Possibly you could build a cruiser strike force and occasionally go out after a convoy but each hull costs you U-boats.  No, build a streamlined U-boat with a big battery in 1936, the tech was there. 
 
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Yimmy       1/19/2008 10:45:28 PM
Considering Donitz was pretty upset and considerably handicapped when his proposed 300 U-Boat fleet was no where near that number at war start then getting the carreirs built would be a hard sell. 
Bit of a stretch of the imagination (and off-topic), but today we don't se the numbers of submarines which were encountered suring WWII.  Say, if China did field 100+ long range submarines, mostly Ming's but also a few more advanced types such as Kilos and Songs, would early WWII 'wolf-pack' tactics have any success today?  Or would it be lambs to the slaughter?
 
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Herald12345    ZA large submarine force armed weith cruise missiles is a problem.   1/20/2008 7:36:41 AM
It could raise hell with commerce for a brief while until we learn the ASW skills we lost.

Herald

 
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paul1970       1/28/2008 6:18:35 AM
no fair, I move job and somebody posts a historic one while I am moving jobs...   :-)
 
looks like others kicked this one to death already....
 
basically... they didn't have the resources for 3-4 carriers plus everything else they were doing so something has to give.
the carriers would be nowhere near the top of the list anyway.
subs and raiders were a far better proposition considwering the geography and job to do.
 
and finally... what are the Brits doing while Hitler is building this force up prior to war???
Z plan was a nice idea but look at everyones fantasy lists....
 
better fantasy fleets are for post WW1 with some cracking plans and loads of convertions.. see where all those carriers actually came from after the Washington treaty....
 
 
Paul
 
 
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jastayme3       1/29/2008 2:15:16 PM

 A sunken carrier force.
A first class navy is a long term investment. And there is no way one can have an almost first class navy.
If a major war breaks out with an attempt to build a navy half finished, it becomes a counterproductive effort
and one is better off with a simple commerce destroying navy.
Furthermore, there is something about the Atlantic that favors the dominate naval power tremendously. Most Atlantic
wars after the Armada had something of an air of a maritime counterinsurgency. Before that there were really no Naval powers as such except the Romans(the Vikings were a corsair power not a sea-dominate one, the Hanse were more Baltic then Atlantic and Naval War pre-gunpowder was pretty much a Mediterranean thing anyway).
The Mediterranean, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific seem to have more evenly matched naval wars. Though the Indian Ocean had little naval war until the Portuguese arrived. After that it was a struggle for a chunk of the pie, but had no major battles. The Pacific really does fit it's name, for it had only one major war, though it was a doosy. It was fought like a giant Mediterranean war.
In any case Meditteranean wars do for some reason seem to be more evenly matched. Perhaps it has something to do with the islands acting as an equalizer in some manner.
But in any case Germany had a long way to go before it could challenge Britain for the Atlantic. And it always had to many land commitments to do it right. The Imperial Navy was superficially almost a match for Britain in World War I. Yet it was in fact not able to do all that much more then the Kriegsmarine.

 
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