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Subject: Marine Artillery
ambush    5/30/2004 7:54:33 PM
The Marine Corps is looking toward changing how it is equipping it artillery. In the past the Marine Corps used to have a lot of Artillery of different types: Self propelled 8 inch, 175mm and 155mm along with towed 155mm and 105mm. This was organized into Field Artillery Groups and Artillery Regiments. It went through various reorganizations and after the defeat of the Soviet Union was greatly reduced in search of the ?Peace Dividend.? It was cut back to only one type towed 155mm (M198) with a few 105mm kept on hand just in case.
The M198 was never my favorite for amphibious ops because of its weight. I also like the 105mm because you can drop the rounds closer to friendly forces when the bad guys are in the wire.

The Marine Corps has recognized the current organizations short comings and it is reorganizing and re-equipping. Current plans include the HIMARS and new 155mm howitzer and 120mm mortar.

What should the Marine Corps buy and how should it be organized?

In my opinion the Marine Corps Artillery should be designed for two purposes: deployment with Marine Expeditionary Units-MEU and deployment with larger Marine Air Ground Task Forces-MACTFs involved in longer sustained ops like the Gulf Wars.

The Artillery component for a MEU normally consists of one battery of M198, 155mm Howitzers, a heavy beast. The MEU is designed as a kick in the door/roof force designed for 30 days of self sustained combat to secure entry in the theater of operations (among other missions) for the follow on heavy forces of the Army and/or a. MAGTF. I think that the MEU artillery component should be changed to two batteries. One Battery should be a 105mm howitzer battery, perhaps along the lines of the excellent light 105mm L119 (UK) M119 (US). The second battery should be equipped with a towed 120mm Mortar like the Army?s M120 or a towed version of the Marine Corps Mobile Fire support system that is under development. Both these systems are light enough to ease the problems of getting them ashore with the assets available to a MEU.

The minimum safe distances for the 105mm and 120m are about 100 meters closer than a 155m allowing for tighter support of the troops if needed. Advances in technology also allow for more varieties of ammunition to be developed like thermobaric ammo for the 120mm mortar.
Granted you loose firepower andrange by givign up the 155 but I think the gains in logisitics, rate of fire and in th ecaseof th rmortar high angle fire, offset this.

The MACTF artillery component should be heavier because it can be a much larger force and find itself in situations like Gulf Wars I and II. Exact composition should be based on size and mission of the force but the following equipment should be available:

HIMARS

A wheeled 155mm howitzer like the French Caesar but on a LAV or HIMARS vehicle bed.

A LAV based 120mm mortar.

These three systems should be transportable by Marine KC-130.

Figure on a Battalion of each system with each Marine Artillery Regiment. Four firing batteries per Battalion for the 105 howitzer and 120mm mortars to support MEU deployments and 3 firing batteries for the HIMARS and 155SP. Have one battery of the LAV mounted 120mm with each LAV Battalion.



 
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stinger       3/22/2008 12:15:00 AM

a marine armored battalion is a little different than an army armored battalion. the marines have a tow platoon and a scout platoon. army armored  battalions have a scout platoon and a mortar platoon . i know the marines have mortars at the battalion and company level in the infantry battalions and the LAV battalions have a mortar platoon, but i asking why not a mortar platoon in a marine armored battalion? 



 
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ambush       3/22/2008 12:28:45 AM

a marine armored battalion is a little different than an army armored battalion. the marines have a tow platoon and a scout platoon. army armored  battalions have a scout platoon and a mortar platoon . i know the marines have mortars at the battalion and company level in the infantry battalions and the LAV battalions have a mortar platoon, but i asking why not a mortar platoon in a marine armored battalion? 



If by Marine "Armored" Battalion you are talking about the Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalions (LAV equpipped)  their primary mission is reconnaissance not armored combat. They like the Mairne tank battalions are not intended  to fight as a Battalion size unit (though they can)  but to detach elements in support of a MEU or MAGTF.  While I do not know of theTO&E of the LAR Battallions there are TOW and mortar versions of the LAV-25.
 
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stinger       3/22/2008 2:57:27 AM
no i'm talking about a marine tank battalion (armor) thet have no mortar support unlike a army tank battalion (armor). the only thing they have the same not really the same but they both have a scout platoon.
 
army tank battalion  scout platoon mortar platoon
marine tank battalion scout platoon tow platoon.
 
 
if theres any tankers out there that can tell me why the marine tank battalions  have no mortars ?
 
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ambush       3/22/2008 1:13:16 PM

no i'm talking about a marine tank battalion (armor) thet have no mortar support unlike a army tank battalion (armor). the only thing they have the same not really the same but they both have a scout platoon.

 

army tank battalion  scout platoon mortar platoon

marine tank battalion scout platoon tow platoon.

 

 

if theres any tankers out there that can tell me why the marine tank battalions  have no mortars ?


Not a Marine tanker but was a Marine grunt.  Once again the Marine tank battalion is not set up to fight as a battalion as its primary mission.  It normally detaches elements in support of other units for example a tank platoon may be deployed as  part of an MEU sitting of the coast of Africa while part of tha same tank battalion may have a tank company as part of a MAGTF in Iraq.  The MEU and MAGTF have mortars, artillery, naval gunfire and CAS available there is not really a pressing need for the tank battalion to have its own mortars since it will not be operation on its own.  Comparing a Marine tank battalion with a Army one is really like comparing apples and oranges.
 
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stinger       3/22/2008 8:59:15 PM
i would have to disagree, because in the beginning of OIF-1 2 marine tank battalion were the lead element of a marine regimental combat team that came in the south east and hooked up north. i know that the MEUs  carry a platoon of tanks and that they are tasked out. but the question still stands. marines only have 81mm mortars and i think they might receive the towed 120mm automated system, i forgot if the LAV-M carries the 81mm or the 120 mm.
 
and if mortars are not needed in a tank battalion as you say, then why do they  have there own scout platoon and TOW platoon.... if they dont fight as a battalion as you said . the infantry battalions already have tow and scout platoons.if they dont need mortars then why have TOWs. do you see were im going with this. i still think a mortar section would be nice.
 
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JFKY       3/22/2008 9:17:38 PM
Well Stinger, they are STILL a battalion Headquarters, so they will be the basis for battalion task force, so thye may need Scouts and  a CAAT Pltn...though that would imply they wuold also need a mortar platoon...good question.
 
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ambush       3/22/2008 10:08:02 PM

i would have to disagree, because in the beginning of OIF-1 2 marine tank battalion were the lead element of a marine regimental combat team that came in the south east and hooked up north. i know that the MEUs  carry a platoon of tanks and that they are tasked out. but the question still stands. marines only have 81mm mortars and i think they might receive the towed 120mm automated system, i forgot if the LAV-M carries the 81mm or the 120 mm.

 

and if mortars are not needed in a tank battalion as you say, then why do they  have there own scout platoon and TOW platoon.... if they dont fight as a battalion as you said . the infantry battalions already have tow and scout platoons.if they dont need mortars then why have TOWs. do you see were im going with this. i still think a mortar section would be nice.



 

 First Gulf Wars I and II were exceptions to the norm. It was a case of the Corps plugging a gap due to a shortage of Army units.  AAAV-7s make for lousy IFVs, The Corps has no self propelled artillery except for HIMARS.  GWI&II were pretty much makeshift operations for the Corps not doctrine/organizational changing events unto themselves. Do we really need a Marine Corps configured to fight as a second land army?

 Second those tank battalions did just fine without organic mortars. As I posted before there are more than sufficient assets in the organization to make it unnecessary for the tank battalion to have its own mortars.

Third, The Marine Corps is acquiring 120mm mortars.

  Fourth the TOWS and stuff were more or less attached put with the tank battalions as a place to put them with the conversion from 106mm, the demise of Anti-tank Battalions and later Force Troops. The TOWs as with the tanks are tasked out. This is not unusual. As an example during the early 80s 2nd Force Reconnaissance Company was administratively under  the 2d FSSG even though 2nd FSSG really had no need of them-it was place to put them as operationally they  would be tasked out to other commands (MEUS and MAGTFs).
 
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stinger       3/23/2008 2:26:21 AM
I just don't understand why your so against not having mortars. or are you just playing devils advocate i do remember at one time when the marines did have paladines 155mm . and then decided to get rid of them because  they were too heavy. they did use them in the first gulf.
 
also  why do the LAR battalions  need mortars? they usually don't fight as a battalion either!!!
 
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ambush       3/23/2008 11:24:13 AM

I just don't understand why your so against not having mortars. or are you just playing devils advocate i do remember at one time when the marines did have paladines 155mm . and then decided to get rid of them because  they were too heavy. they did use them in the first gulf.

 

also  why do the LAR battalions  need mortars? they usually don't fight as a battalion either!!!


I also remember a time when the Marine Corps had 8" and 175s back in the days of the old Field Artillery Groups and the Artillery Regiments had towed 105s but times change.  The Marine Corps under went a fundamental organizational and doctrinal change.  I also remember that in GWI teh Mairne Divisions had Army armored untis attached to give them more heavily armored/mech force.
 
  I can see mortars as part of the LAR becuase they are reconnaissance/screening units and may operate of range of the mortars of the supported unit.  Tanks are more likely to be with the main force.  
 

 Finally the most important reason would be manpower. The Marine Corps is authorized X amount of bodies. Those authorized in the increase are already spoken for. If you give the tank battalions a mortar platoon where to you take the manpower from to create them, the Rifle Battalions or the Helicopter Squadrons? It is more than just mortar crews you would need since this would be a mech mortar force and those additional vehicles would mean more maintenance and logistics personnel. 

 

 Of all the pressing needs of the Corps a mortar platoon for the tank battalions is not one of them.   Heck if I had my choices I would like to see a Sapper/Assault squad per Rifle Company and if the manpower had to come from the tank battalions I would not be all that opposed.


 
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