The Strategypage is a comprehensive summary of military news and affairs.
 News As History - September 7, 2008



September Military History

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Born
1 1798 Richard Delafield, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1873
  1824 Isaac Hardin Duval, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1902
  1829 James Conner, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1883
  1875 Edgar Rice Burroughs, war correspondent, author (“Tarzan”)
  1900 Andrei Vlasov, Soviet general, traitor
  1910 Jack Hawkins, actor ("The Cruel Sea")
  1922 Melvin R Laird, Secretary of Defense (1969-73)
2 1837 James H. Wilson, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1925
  1838 Lydia Kamekeha Liliuokalani, last Queen of Hawaii (1891-93)
  1878 Werner von Blomberg, German general and defense minister
  1948 Christa McAuliffe, teacher-astronaut, d. 1986, Challenger
3 1781 Eugène de Beauharnais, Josephine’s son, Vice-Roy of Italy, d. 1824
  1825 Armistead Lindsay Long, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1891
  1825 William Wallace Burns, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892
  1831 States Rights Gist, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1864
  1835 William Gaston Lewis, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901
  1875 Ferdinand Porsche, German tank designer
  1913 Alan Ladd, actor (“All the Young Men”)
  1923 Mort Walker, veteran, cartoonist (“Beetle Bailey”)
4 518 BC Pindar, Greek odist, d. 422 BC
  1241 Alexander III, King of Scotland (1249-1286).
  1249 Count Amadeo V of Savoy (1285-1323), d. 1323
  1383 Count Amadeo VIII of Savoy (1416-1434)- antipope Felix V (1439-1449), d 1451
  1402 Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan
  1809 Count Federico Luigi Menabrea, soldier, engineer, inventor, premier of Italy (1867–1869), d 1896
  1810 Donald McKay, clipper ship designer
  1902 Mary Renault, novelist ("The King Must Die")
5 1187 King Louis VIII of France (1223-26)
  1319 King Pedro IV of Aragon
  1638 Louis XIV of France (1643-1715), who "loved war too much"
  1771 Archduke Charles of Austria, Napoleon's greatest enemy
  1815 Tyree Harris Bell, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1902
  1827 Geoffredo Mameli, Italian nationalist, soldier-composer (“Fratelli d'Italia”), d/w 1849
  1847 Jesse James, Confederate raider, outlaw, killed 1882
  1902 Darryl F Zanuck, film magnate ("The Longest Day")
  1905 Arthur Koestler, novelist ("Darkness at Noon"), suicide 1983
  1929 Andrian G Nikolayev, USSR, cosmonaut
6 1757 The Marquis de Lafayette, American &, French revolutionary hero
  1797 William "Extra Billy" Smith, Maj Gen, C.S.A.
  1811 James Melville Gilliss, founded the Naval Observatory
  1815 John Richardson Liddell, Brig Gen, C.S.A.
  1819 William Starke Rosecrans, Maj Gen, U.S., who attained "the edge of glory"
  1827 John Morrison Oliver, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1860 Jane Addams, Peace Nobelist
  1923 King Peter II Karadjordjevic of Yugoslavia (1934-45)
  1944 Swoosie Kurtz, actress named after her father's B-17
  1946 Bryan D O'Connor, USMC, astronaut
7 15 Aulus Vitellius, gourmand, Roman Emperor, 1 Jan-Dec 20, 69
  1388 Giovanni Maria Visconti I, Duke of Milan, assassinated 1412
  1471 King Frederik I of Denmark and Norway (1523-33)
  1533 "Gloriana" - Queen Elizabeth of England (1558-1603)
  1811 William Hamsley Emory, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1887
  1815 Howell Cobb II, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1868
  1913 Anthony Quayle, actor (“Lawrence of Arabia”), d. 1989
  1914 James Van Allen, co-inventor of the proximity fuze
  1923 Peter Lawford, veteran, actor (“The Longest Day”), d. 1984
  1930 King Baudouin I of Belgium (1951-1991)
8 15 BC Mary, the mother of Jesus [Trad]
  1157 King Richard I “Lionheart" of England (1189-99)
  1207 King Sancho II of Portugal
  1474 Ludovico Ariosto, epic poet ("Orlando Furioso")
  1499 Diane de Poitiers, mistress of Henri II, d. 1566
  1592 Peter Styvesant, Governor of Nieuw Amsterdam
  1621 Louis II “the Great” Conde, Victor of Rocroi
  1765 Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari - Pope Gregory XVI (1730-1746)
  1779 Sultan Mustafa IV of Turkey (1807-08)
  1821 Henry Baxter, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1873
  1828 Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, Maj Gen, U.S.
  1829 George Crook, Maj Gen, U.S., noted Indian fighter, d. 1890
  1829 Seth Maxwell Barton, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1900
  1886 Siegfried Sassoon, war poet
9 214 Aurelian, Roman Emperor (270-275)
  384 Flavius Honorius, Roman Emperor (395-423)
  1585 Cardinal Jean de Richelieu
  1754 William Bligh, of the Bounty
  1809 William Radford, naval officer, U.S., d. 1890
  1817 Speed Smith Fry, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892
  1819 Martin Luther Smith, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1866
  1826 Thomas John Lucas, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1908
  1828 Leo Tolstoy, veteran, novelist ("War and Peace")
  1834 William MacRae, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1882
  1925 Cliff Robertson, actor ("PT-109");
  1956 Anatoli Pavlovich Artsebarsky, cosmonaut (Soyuz TM-12)
10 1487 Gianmaria Ciocchi del Monte - Pope Julius III (1550-1555)
  1731 Carter Braxton, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1797
  1771 Mungo Park, celebrated Scottish explorer (“Travels to the Interior Parts of West Africa”)
  1810 Albert Gallatin Blanchard, Brig Gen, C.S.A.
  1815 Eleazer Arthur Paine, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1832 Randall Lee Gibson, Brig Gen, C.S.A. d. 1892
  1836 Joseph Wheeler II, Maj Gen, C.S.A., and U.S.
  1933 Yevgeny V Khrunov, USSR, cosmonaut
  1945 Richard M Mullane, USAF, astronaut
11 1525 Duke Johan Georg of Brandenburg (1571-1591)
  1806 Joshua Blackwood Howell, Brig Gen, U.S. d. 1864
  1813 Conrad Feger Jackson, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1862
  1835 William Wirt Allen, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1894
  1877 Feliks E Dzjerzjinski, Chekist, mass murderer
  1935 Gherman Titov, 1st man to spend a day in space, Vostok 2
  1937 Robert L Crippen, USN, astronaut
12 1494 Francois I of Valois, dense and unchivalrous King of France
  1659 Prince Ferdinand of Wurttemberg-Neustadt, Dutch general
  1806 Andrew Hull Foote, naval officer, U.S., d. 1863
  1818 Richard Jordan Gatling, weapons designer
  1852 Hubert H Asquith, premier Great Britain (1908-16)
  1888 Maurice Chevalier, entertaining Nazi collaborator
  1891 Pedro Albizu Campos, Puerto Rican nationalist, d. 1965
  1913 Jesse Owens, who spoiled Hitler's Olympics
13 1739 Grigory Potemkin, soldier, statesman, Catherine the Great's lover
  1806 Joseph Lewis Hogg, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862
  1813 John Sedgwick, Major Gen, U.S., KIA 1864
  1817 John McAuley Palmer, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1900
  1836 John McCausland, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1927
  1851 Walter Reed, U.S.A., confirmed mosquitoes caused yellow fever
  1860 General of the Armies John J. Pershing, d 1948
  1863 Arthur Henderson, pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize, 1934
  1887 Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., war hero, d. 1944
  1941 Oscar Arias Sanchez, President of Costa Rica, Nobel Peace Prize (1987)
14 1819 Henry Jackson Hunt, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1889
  1835 Joseph Hayes, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1912
  1838 John Pelham, Major, C.S.A., "The Gallant Pelham," KIA 1863
  1864 Lord Cecil of Chelwood, Peace Nobelist 1937
  1913 Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (1951-54) overthrown by the CIA
15 1789 James Fenimore Cooper, naval officer, author (“History of the Navy of the United States of America”)
  1830 Porfirio Diaz, general-president of Mexico (1877-1911), d. 1915
  1857 William Howard Taft, SecWar, President (1909-1913), Chief Justice (1921-30)
  1904 King Umberto II of Italy (1946)
  1914 Creighton Abrams, soldier, d. 1974
  1941 Miroslaw Hermaszewski, 1st Pole in space (Soyuz 30)
  1946 Oliver Stone, Vietnam veteran
16 1387 King Henry V of England (1413-22)
  1745 Mikhail I. Kutusov, Russian marshal who defeated Napoleon, d. 1813
  1823 Francis Parkman, historian (“France and England in North America”), d. 1893
  1832 George Washington Custis Lee, Maj Gen, C.S.A.
  1837 King Pedro V of Portugal (1853-61)
17 879 King Charles III “the Simple” of France (893-923)
  1271 King Wenceslas II of Bohemia & Poland (1278-1305)
  1550 Camillo Borghese - Pope Paul V (1506-1621)
  1730 Friederich Wilhelm Ludorf Gerhard Augustin von Steuben
  1800 Franklin Buchanan, naval officer, C.S.A, d. 1874
  1820 Earle Van Dorn, Maj Gen, C.S.A., shot by a jealous husband, 1863
  1857 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, pioneer rocketeer & space scientist, d. 1935
18 52 Marcus Ulpius Traianus - Roman Emperor Trajan (98-117)
  1733 George Read, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1798
  1805 Robert Cowdin, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1874
  1815 Henry Constantine Wayne, Brig Gen, C.S.A.,
  1818 Marcellus Augustus Stovall, Brig Gen, C.S.A.,
  1932 Nikolai N Rukavishnikov, cosmonaut
19 86 Antoninus Pius, Roman Emperor (138-161)
  208 Diadumenianus, co-Roman Emperor with Macrinus, his father (May-June 218)
  866 Leo VI the Wise, Byzantine Emperor (886-912)
  1551 Henry III, Duke of Anjou, King of Poland and France (1573-89)
  1737 Charles Carroll of Carrollton, d. 1832, the last surviving Signer of the Declaration of Independence
  1800 William Wister McKean, naval officer, U.S. d. 1865
  1802 Louis Kossuth, President of Hungary (1848-1849), d. 1887
  1822 Joseph Rodman West, Brig Gen, U.S.
20 357 BC Alexander III "the Great" of Macedonia, ambitious drunkard
  1809 Sterling "Old Pap" Price, Maj Gen, C.S.A.
  1810 Alpheus Starkey Williams, Brig Gen, U.S.,
  1820 George Washington Morgan, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1820 John Fulton Reynolds, Maj Gen, U.S., kia Gettysburg, 1863
  1833 Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Nobel Peace Prize, 1907
  1853 Chulalongkon Rama V, King of Thailand (1868-1910)
  1859 Yuan She-k'ai, Chinese general, president, and the real "Last Emperor"
  1872 Maurice Gamelin, French generalissimo who lost the big one in 1940
21 1372 Frederik I von Hohenzollern of Brandenburg (1417-40) [see Deaths]
  1415 Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (1440-1493)
  1452 Girolamo Savonarola, Florentine monk, preacher, radical
  1817 Carter Littlepage Stevenson, Maj Gen, C.S.A
  1820 Williams Carter Wickham, Brig Gen, C.S.A.
  1824 Joseph Andrew Jackson Lightburn, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1827 Michael Corcoran, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1863
  1832 Samuel Sprigg Carroll, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1893
  1840 Sultan Murad V of Turkey (1876)
  1866 H. G. Wells, wargamer, author ("The Land Ironclads", "Litte Wars")
  1909 Kwame Nkrumah, inept President/Dictator of Ghana (1958-1966)
22 1796 Cornelius Kinchiloe Stribling, naval officer, U.S., d. 1880
  1822 Eppa Hunton, Brig Gen, C.S.A.
  1827 John Grubb Parke, Maj Gen, U.S. d. 1900
  1829 William Worth Belknap, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1833 Stephen Dill Lee, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1908
  1882 Wilhelm Keitel, German field marshal, war criminal
  1895 Paul Muni, actor ("Juarez")
23 63 BC Gaius Octavius – Augustus: first & greatest Roman Emperor (27 BC-14 AD)
  480 BC Euripides, dramatist (“Iphigenia at Aulis”), d. c. 405 BC
  1713 King Ferdinand VI of Spain (1746-1759)
  1791 Karl Theodor Körner, Prussian war poet, kia 1813
  1816 Julius White, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1890
  1820 Thomas Kilby Smith, Brig Gen, U.S.,
  1890 Friedrich Paulus, German FM, who had his Waterloo at Stalingrad
  1897 Walter Pidgeon, actor ("Mrs. Miniver")
  1910 Elliot Roosevelt, Brig Gen, USAAF
24 1583 Albrecht von Wallenstein, military entrepreneur
  1755 John Marshall, soldier, Chief Justice (1801-1835)
  1824 Truman Seymour, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1891
  1827 Henry Warner Slocum, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1894
  1829 James St Clair Morton, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864
  1833 Henry Alanson Barnum, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1884 Mustafa Ismet Inonu, Turkish general, president
25 1657 Tökeli Imre (1657 - 1705), Hungarian patriot
  1744 King Frederik Willem II of Prussia (1786-97)
  1822 Adolph Wilhelm August Friedrich von Steinwehr, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1823 Thomas John Wood, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1906
  1877 Plutarco Elias Calles, Mexican revolutionary and president (1924-28)
  1906 Dmitri Shostakovich, composer ("The Leningrad Suite")
26 1750 Cuthbert, Admiral Lord Collingwood, Nelson’s friend, d. 1810
  1759 Count Hans Yorck von Wartenburg, Prussian field marshal and reformer
  1821 Alvin Peterson Hovey, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1870 King Christian X of Denmark (1912-47)
  1897 Giovanni Battista Montini - Pope Paul VI (1963-1978)
27 1601 King Louis XIII of France (1610-43)
  1657 Sophia, Regent of Russia (1682-89)
  1722 Samuel Adams, Signer of the Declaration of Independence
  1783 Agustin I Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico (1822-23)
  1803 Samuel Francis DuPont, naval officer, U.S., d. 1865
  1809 Raphael Semmes, naval officer, C.S.N., d. 1877
  1824 William Nelson, Maj Gen, U.S., murdered 1862
  1830 William Babcock Hazen, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1887
  1835 John Murray Corse, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1893
  1840 Alfred Thayer Mahan, who influenced history
  1840 Thomas Nast, militiaman, cartoonist, bigot, d. 1902
28 106 BC Pompey the Great (see Events)
  1573 Michelangelo da Caravaggio, Renaissance master, murderer
  1748 Admiral Lord Collingwood, d. 1810
  1833 James Deering Fessenden, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1840 Alexander Swift "Sandie" Pendleton, Confederate staff officer
  1841 Georges Clemenceau, French premier (1906-09, 17-20)
  1852 Field Marshal Sir John French
  1889 King Carlos I of Portugal
  1905 Max Schmeling, Hitler’s heavyweight (1930-32), Fallschirmjaeger
  1940 Alexander Sergeyevich Ivanchenkov, cosmonaut
29 1276 King Christopher II of Denmark
  1547 Miguel de Cervantes, marine, author ("Don Quixote")
  1583 Count Johan VIII de Jongere of Nassau-Siegen
  1755 Robert Clive, office clerk, empire builder
  1758 Horatio Nelson, kia, 1805
  1829 Bradley Tyler Johnson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1903
  1829 Giles Alexander Smith, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1876
  1830 John Parker Hawkins, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1914
  1831 John McAlister Schofield, Maj Gen, U.S.
  1852 Field Marshal Sir John French
  1901 Enrico Fermi, who discovered a new world
  1907 Gene Autry, airman, cowboy
  1916 Trevor Howard, actor ("Mutiny on Bounty")
  1943 Lech Walesa, President of Poland
30 1627 Robinson Crusoe
  1805 Samuel Peter Heintzelman, Maj Gen, U.S.
  1827 Kenner Garrard, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1879
  1917 Chung Hee Park, general, Pres of Korea (1961-79), assassinated
  1934 Elie Wiesel, Survivor, Peace Nobelist (1986)

Died
1 1054 King García V of Navarre, kia
  1067 Count Baldwin V of Flanders
  1159 Pope Adrian IV - Nicholas Breakspear (1152-1159), the only English pope
  1557 Jacques Cartier, French explorer
  1680 Elector Johan Georg II of Saxon (1656-80), at 67
  1715 Louis XIV "The Sun King" of France (1643-1715), at 76
  1838 William Clark, of the Lewis & Clark Expedition, at 68
  1862 Maj Gen Phil Kearny, "the bravest man in the Union Army," KIA, Chantilly
  1862 Maj. Gen. Isaac I. Stevens, U.S.A., kia, Chantilly
  1864 Emmeran Bliemel, CSA, only Catholic chaplain kia in the Civil War
  1961 William Z Foster, Stalinist puppet, chairman CPUSA, 1945-57, at 80
  1981 Albert Speer, Nazi, architect, con artist
2 1022 High-King Maelsechlainn II "the Great" of Ireland.
  1328 Castruccio Castracani degli Antelminelli, condottiero, Lord of Lucca (1316-1327), c. 74
  1384 Louis I, Duke of Anjou & King of Naples
  1482 Pietro Maria II “il Magnifico” of San Secondo, at 79
  1547 Hernan Cortes, conquistador, lawyer
  1813 Jean Victor Moreau, former French General, d/w Dresden, while in Russian service
  1953 Gen. Jonathan Wainwright (1883-1953)
3 175 BC King Seleucus IV Philopator of Syria (187-175 BC)
  1189 Rabbi Jacob of Orleans, killed in anti-Jewish riot in London
  1625 King James VI of Scotland (1567-1625) and I of England (1603-25)
  1658 Oliver Cromwell, dictator of England (1653-58), mass murderer, at 59
  1929 Owen Thomas Edgar, last known Mexican War veteran, at 98
  1948 Edvard Benes, President of Czechoslovakia (1940-1948)
  1969 Ho Chi Minh, Vietnamese revolutionary
  1991 Frank Capra, veteran, film maker ("Why We Fight")
4 422 Pope St Boniface I (418-422)
  786 Abbasid Caliph al-Hadi of Baghdad (785-785), possbly murdered
  1012 John III Docibile, Duke of Gaeta (1008-1012), c. 25
  1456 John Corvinus Hunyadi, Hungarian general
  1804 Richared Somers, naval officer, kia at Tripoli, c. 24
  1864 Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan, Confederate raider, kia
  1974 Creighton W Abrams, soldier, at 59
  1986 Henry “Hammerin’ Hank” Greenberg, ball player, OSS agent, at 75
  1989 Sir Ronald Syme, historian (“The Roman Revolution”)
5 1235 Duke Henri I of Brabant and Lorraine (1190-1235), at c. 70
  1566 Sultan Suleiman I “the Magnificent” of Turkey (1520-66)
  1571 Matthew Stuart, Earl of Lennox, Regent of Scotland, shot at Stirling
  1599 Marchesa Costanza de Santa Croce, stabbed to death at 60 by her son, Paolo, for refusing to make him heir to her estates
  1683 Jean-Baptiste Colbert, French Minister of Marine
  1803 Pierre Ambrose Choderlos de Laclos, general, author (“Les Liaisons Dangereus”), at 61
  1877 Crazy Horse, killed "trying to escape"
  1912 Lt Gen Arthur MacArthur, Jr., American soldier, b. 1845
  1997 Mother Teresa, Peace Nobelist, at 87
6 972 Pope John XIII (965-972)
  1433 Pier Gentile I da Varano, Co-Lord of Camerino (1424-1433), beheaded at Recanati at c. 33
  1632 Capt Silvio Pallavicino, Patrician of Siena & Firenze, kia at Nordlingen
  1634 Carlo Orsini, Count of Muro Lucano, kia Nordlingen
  1701 James II, sometime King of England (1685-1688), in exile at 68
  1966 South African PM Hendrik Verwoerd, stabbed by a deranged man
  2005 1st Sgt Mark Matthews, at 111, the last “Buffalo Soldier”
7 355 Roman emperor-wannabe Silvanus (Aug 11-Sep 7, 355), murdered in the Rhineland
  1134 King Alfonso I of Aragon (1104-34)
  1151 Count Geoffrey V of Anjou (1129-1151), the first Plantagenet, at 38
  1298 Andrea Dandolo, Venetian Admiral, kia at Curzola
  1548 Catherine Parr, Mrs. Henry VIII No. 6, of natural causes.
  1741 Adm Blas de Lezo, defender of Cartagena de las Indias
  1997 Mobutu Sese Seku, Dictator of Zaire (1965-1997), at 66
  2002 Uzi Gal, Israeli weapons designer, at 79
8 780 Byzantine Emperor Leo IV (775-80)
  1397 Thomas, Duke of Gloucester, smothered at Calais by agents of his nephew, Richard II
  1613 Prince Carlo Gesualdo of Venosa, musician, murderer, at 45
  1881 Prince Frederik of the Netherlands, general and admiral, at 84
  1888 Annie Chapman, Jack the Ripper’s second victim
  1933 King Faisal I ibn Hussein ibn Ali of Iraq, at 50
  1935 Louisiana Senator Huey P. Long, shot by Dr. Carl Austin Weiss, Jr.
  1935 Dr. Carl Austin Weiss, Jr, shot by Long's bodyguards.
  1951 Jurgen Stroop, Nazi commander of the Warsaw Ghetto, executed
  2003 Bertha Helene Amalie “Leni” Riefenstahl, Nazi film maker, at 101
9 490 BC Kalimachos, polemarch of the Athenians and 191 other Athenian & Plataean heroes, plus c. 6,400 Persians, kia at Marathon
  490 BC Phidippides, having run c. 350 miles in 3-4 days; Athens to Sparta & back, then to Marathon, to fight, & back to Athens with the good news
  1087 William I “the Conqueror”, King of England, Duke of Normandy
  1488 Francis II, last Duke of Brittany (1458-1488)
  1976 Mao Tse-Tung, poet, scholar, mass murderer, at 82
  2001 Ahmad Shah Massood, Afghan resistance leader, assassinated by al Qaeda
  2003 Dr. Edward Teller, "Father of the H-Bomb," at 95
10 954 King Louis IV d'Outremer of France (936-954), kia, c. 34
  1067 Lady Godiva, Countess of Mercia, c. 85.
  1382 King Louis I "the Great" of Hungary and Poland (1342-1382), b. 1326
  1419 John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy (1404-1419), assassinated by the Dauphin, at 48
  1482 Federico II de Montefeltro, Condottiero and Patron of the Arts
  1598 Francesco Cenci, Roman nobleman, murdered by his children & second wife at c. 50 (See Sep 11th)
  1827 Ugo Foscolo, Italian nationalist poet
  1862 Paraguayan Dictator Carlos Antonio Lopez
  1971 Nikita Khruschev, War Commissar, Stalingrad, 1942-1943, First Secretary, CPUSSR (1954-1964) & Premier of the USSR (1958-1964)
  1977 Hamida Djandoubi, having the dubious honor of being the last person guillotined in France
  1990 Pres Samuel Kanyon Doe of Liberia (1980-90), butchered
11 1362 Pope Innocent VI
  1482 Roberto “Il Magnifico” Malatesta, Lord of Rimini (1469-1482), Condottiero, natural causes - unusual in his family
  1599 Lucrezia Petroni, executed for murdering Francesco Cenci, her husband a year and a day earlier
  1599 Beatrice Cenci, noblewoman, executed at 22 for helping her brother & step-mother murder her father a year and a day earlier
  1599 Giacomo Cenci, nobleman, executed for helping his sister & step-mother murder his father a year and a day earlier.
  1973 Chilean President Salvador Allende, in a coup, possibly suicide
  2001 Nearly 3000 Americans, murdered by Islamist terrorists
  2003 Swedish Foreign Minister Anna Lindh, having been stabbed by an unknown assailant on the 10th
  2004 Patriarch Petros VIII of Alexandria and 16 others, helicopter accident at Mt. Athos
12 1015 Count Lamert I de Baard of Leuven, in battle at about 65
  1185 Andronicus I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (1183-85), lynched
  1213 King Pedro II of Aragon (1196-1213), kia at Muret, at c. 39
  1362 Pope Innocent VI - Etienne Aubert (1352-1362)
  1500 Duke Albrecht III of Saxony, at 57
  1642 Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars (22), favourite of Louis XIII, and François De Thou, decapitated by Richelieu at Lyon for conspiracy
  1683 King Afonso VI of Portugal (1656-67), at 40
  1691 Elector Johan Georg III of Saxony (1680-91), at 44
  1812 Piotr I Bagration, Russian general, KIA
  1977 Stephen Biko, murdered at 30 by the South African apartheid regime
  2006 Joachim Fest, historian ("Hitler"), b. 1926
13 81 Roman Emperor Titus (79-81), at 41
  1321 Dante Alighieri, cavalryman, poet ("The Divine Comedy")
  1438 Dom Duarte, King of Portugal (1433-1438), at 46
  1598 King Philip II of Spain (1556-98), at 71
  1759 James Wolfe, British general, KIA on the Plains of Abraham at 32
  1803 John Barry, first commodore of the U.S. Navy
  1899 Henry H. Bliss, by a car - America's first auto-fatality
  1918 Fanya Kaplan, shot for trying to kill Lenin on August 30th
  1921 Ludwig-Alexander Battenberg/Mountbatten, British admiral, at 67
14 786 Caliph Al-Hadi of Baghdad (785-786)
  1146 Imad ad-Din Zengi, Atabeg of Aleppo and Mosul, murdered
  1523 Pope Adrian VI - Adrian Dedel (1522-1523); last non-Italian pope until 1978
  1759 French Gen. Louis Montcalm, 47, m/w, the Plains of Abraham, Sept 13th
  1852 The Duke of Wellington, at 83
  1901 Pres Wm. McKinley, of gunshot wounds suffered on the 6th
  1911 Piotr Stolypin, Russian premier, assassinated by Mordka Bogrov
  1982 Bashir Gemayel, president-elect of Lebanon, a bomb
15 668 Byzantine Emperor Constans II Pogonatus (641-668), assassinated at c. 37
  1231 Duke Louis I of Wittelsbach
  1482 Condottiero Giacomo da Roccabianca, kia at San Secondo, the Romagna
  1859 Isambard Kingdom Brunel, naval architect, engineer (SS Great Eastern), at 53
  1973 King Gustav VI Adolfus of Sweden (1950-1973), at 90
  1982 Sadegh Ghotbzadeh, former Iranian foreign minister, executed by the Islamists he served
16 655 Pope St. Martin I (649-653), in exile
  1087 Pope Victor III
  1380 King Charles V “the Wise” of France (1364-80)
  1394 Robert of Geneva - Anti-Pope Clement VII (1378 - 1394)
  1498 Tomas de Torquemada, Grand Inquisitor of Spain,
  1824 King Louis XVIII of France (1814-24)
  1862 Col. Dixon Miles Standsbury, US
  1948 Former Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (1887-1918)
  2006 Helene Deschamps Adams, Heroine of the Resistance, at 85
17 1312 King Ferdinand V of Castille and Leon, at 26
  1322 Count Robert III of Flanders
  1515 Chiappino Orsini, Lord of Monte Vitozzo, kia, Marignano
  1665 King Philip IV of Spain (1621-55)
  1771 Tobias George Smollett, soldier, sailor, novelist ("Roderick Random")
  1868 Roman Nose (Wiquini), Cheyenne leader
  1879 Eugene Emmanuel Violletle-le Duc, architect ("Annals of a Fortress")
  1908 Lt. Thomas Selfridge, first person to die in an airplane crash, Arlington, Va.
  1948 Count Folke Bernadotte, UN mediator, assassinated by the Irgun
  1980 Anastasio Somoza, USMA alumnus, ex-president of Nicaragua, assassinated
  2006 Dorothy Stratton, Director, the SPARS - Coast Guard Women's Reserve, 1942-1946, at 107
18 96 Roman Emperor Domitian (81-96), murdered at 44
  1100 Geoffrey of Bouillon, crusader, “Defender of the Holy Sepulcher”, at c. 40
  1137 King Erik II of Denmark (1134-37), murdered
  1180 King Louis VII of France
  1872 King Charles XV of Sweden and Norway (1859-72)
  1961 UN SecGen Dag Hammarskjold, plane crash, Rhodesia
19 1180 King Louis VII of France (1137-80)
  1356 Duke Gautier de Brienne of Athens, Constable of France, kia at Poitiers
  1435 John, Duke of Bedford (1389-1435), brother to Henry V
  1528 Malatesta dei Malatesti, Captain General of Venice, shot during the siege of Pavia, at c. 50
  1864 Col. George S. Patton, kia leading the 22nd Virginia, Winchester
  1881 J.A. Garfield, Maj Gen, U.S., and President (1881), of wounds from an assassin, at 49
20 451 King Theodoric of the Visigoths, kia, Chalons-sur-Marne
  1384 Louis, Duke of Anjou, titular King of Naples (1383-1384), while campaigning to make it real, at c. 45
  1803 Robert Emmet, Irish nationalist, executed
  1944 John Grayburn, KIA at Arnhem, earning the Victoria Cross
  1947 Fiorello La Guardia, bomber pilot (1917-18), Mayor of NY (1933-45)
  2005 Simon Wiesenthal, Survivor, Nazi Hunter, at 96
21 687 Pope Conon (21 Oct 686-21 Sep 687)
  1327 King Edward II of England (1307-1327), murdered at 43
  1397 Richard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, beheaded for treason
  1440 Frederik I von Hohenzollern of Brandenburg (1417-40), on his 68th birthday
  1520 Sultan Selim I of Turkey (1512-1520)
  1558 Charles V, HR Emperor & King Carlos I of Spain, in retirement
  1796 Gen. François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, of wounds from Altenkirchen (19th), at 27
  1904 Chief Joseph, who once said "I will fight no more forever."
  1939 Premier Armand Calinescu of Romania, murdered
  1957 Haakon VII, first modern king of Norway (1905-57), war hero
  1966 Paul Reynaud, premier France (1940) who wasn't tough enough,
  1971 Nikita Khrushchev, Soviet Premier (1954-1964), heart attack at 77
  1976 Orlando Letelier, leftist former Chilean politician, car bomb in Washington
22 19 BC Publius Vergilius Maro, who sang of arms, at 51
  1241 Snorri Sturlusson, Icelandic poet & historian, at c. 60
  1325 Andreuzzo Ferrucci, condottiero, kia, Altopascio at c. 35
  1408 John VII Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (1376-77, 1390, 1404-8),
  1520 Sultan Selim I of Turkey (1512-20), conqueror of Baghdad, at 53
  1774 Pope Clement XIV - Lorenzo Ganganelli (1769-1774)
  1914 Alain-Fournier, French novelist, kia
  1943 Wilhelm Kube, Nazi Commissar of Belorus, blown up in his bed by his mistress
  1951 Jacob Horner, last 7th Cavalry veteran of the Little Big Horn
  1989 Irving Berlin, Doughboy, composer ("God Bless America"), at 101
  1999 George C. Scott, actor ("Patton"), at 71
23 775 Constantine V Copronymus, Byzantine Emperor (720-75),
  1847 Count Henri de Merode, Belgian revolutionary, at 65)
  1888 Francois Bazaine, inept French Marshal
  1939 Sigmund Freud, sometime soldier
  1947 Nikola Petkov, Bulgarian peasant leader, hanged
  1973 Pablo Neruda, poetical Soviet apologist
  2004 Nigel Nicholson, Guardsman, litterateur, b. 1917
24 768 King Pepin III "the Short” of France, at 53
  867 Byzantine Emperor Michael III, assassinated
  911 Ludwig III, last Carolingian King of the Germans (899-911)
  1143 Pope Innocent II - Gregorio Papereschi (1130-1143)
  1180 Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus (1143-1180), at c. 62
  1228 King Stefan I of Serbia (1217-28)
  1230 King Alfonso IX of Leon and Castille
  1776 Nathan Hale, hanged by the British
  1834 Emperor Pedro I of Brazil (1822-31)
25 1066 King Harold II Haardrada of Norway, kia, Stamford Bridge
  1066 Tostig Godwinson, brother of Harold of England, traitor, kia, Stamford Bridge
  1396 Jean de Vienne, French admiral and crusader, kia against the Turks
  1396 Odard the Chasseron, French knight and crusader, kia against the Turks
  1396 Philip of Bar, French knight and crusader, kia against the Turks
  1506 King Philip I "the Handsome" of Spain (1504-06)
  1534 Pope Clement VII - Giulio de’Medici (1523-1534)
  1639 Ambrosio Spinola, condottiero
  1642 Federico I Colonna, Prince of Butera, Viceroy & Captain General of Catalonia, kia at 41, the siege of Tarragona
  1840 Jacques-Etienne-Joseph-Alexandre Macdonald, Marshal of France
  1849 Johann Baptist Strauss the Elder, composer ("The Radetzky March"), at 45
  1900 Elizabeth Van Lew, Union master spy, at 81.
  1970 Erich Maria Remarque, Frontsoldat, novelist ("All Quiet on the Western Front")
  1983 King Leopold III of Belgium (1934-51), collaborator
  1991 Klaus Barbie, Gestapo chief of Lyon, of cancer at 77
  2005 Don Adams (Donald James Yarmy), Guadalcanal veteran, actor (“Get Smart”), at 82
26 1371 Serb Prince Ugljesa of Serres, kia at the Maritsa
  1820 Daniel Boone, militiaman, frontiersman, at 85
  1959 Ceylon PM Sirimavo Bandaranaike, of wounds from an assassination attempt
  1989 Pavlos Bakoyannis, Greek parliamentary leader, murdered in Rome
  2007 Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, the “Soldier of Orange,” at 90
27 48 BC Pompey the Great, murdered one day short of his 58th birthday
  1590 Pope Urban VII - Giambattista Castagna (15 Sep-27 Sep 1590)
  1617 Count Johan Ernest of Nassau-Siegen
  1651 Duke Maximilian I Bavaria, at 78
  1700 Pope Innocent XII - Antonio Pignatelli (1691-1700)
  1868 Alexander Walewski, Napoleon I's bastard, III's diplomat and minister
  1942 Douglas Munro, USCG, kia at Guadalcanal, earning the Medal of Honor
  1956 Milburn Apt, crash after reaching 3370 kph in the X-2
  1981 Robert Montgomery, PT-boat skipper, actor, at 77
  1996 Pres Najibullah of Afghanistan, hanged by the Taliban
28 1104 King Pedro I of Navarra & Aragon
  1197 Henry VI von Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Emperor (1169-97)
  1891 Herman Melville, sailor, war poet (“Cavalry Cross a Ford”), author ("Typee”) – lover of Fayaway
  1902 Emile Zola, author and Dreyfusard
  1907 Grand Duke Frederich I of Baden (1856-1907), at 81
  1953 Edwin P Hubble, Doughboy, astronomer, at 63
  1970 Pres. Gamel Abdul Nasser of Egypt, heart attack at 52
  1978 Pope John Paul I - Albino Luciani (26 Aug-28 Sep 1978), at 65
  1989 Pres Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines, in exile at 72
  2006 Iva Torguri d’Aquino – “Tokyo Rose”, at 90.
29 855 Holy Roman Emperor Lothar I
  1560 King Gustavus I Eriksson of Sweden
  1833 King Ferdinand VII of Spain, touching off the Carlist Wars
  1936 Prince Carlo Borbone delle Due Sicilie, kia at 28, Elgoibar, Spain
  1956 Anastasio Somoza, Nicaraguan dictator, assassinated
30 1877 Toohoolhoolzote, prophet of the Nez Perce, kia
  1888 Elizabeth Stride, Jack the Ripper’s third victim
  1888 Catherine Eddowes, Jack the Ripper’s fourth victim

Event
1 0 Feast of St. Therese of Lisieux, Patron of Aviators
  891 Battle of Louvain: East Franks defeat the Danish Vikings
  1054 Battle of Atapuerca: King Ferdinand I “the Great” of Castile & León defeats his brother King García V of Navarre
  1181 Ubaldo Allucingoli elected Pope as Lucius III (1181-1185)
  1271 Teobaldo Visconti elected Pope as Gregory X (1271-1276), later beatified
  1285 Naval Battle of Las Rosas: Catalans defeat the French 
  1597 Battle of Longpre: French defeat the Spanish
  1614 Jews expelled from Frankfurt-on-Main, Germany
  1644 Battle of Tippermuir: Montrose’s Roundheads defeat the Scots Covenanters.
  1651 Battle of Dundee: Gen Monck defeats the Scots 
  1661 First formal yacht race: King Charles II vs. his brother James.
  1701 Battle of Chiari: Imperialists defeat the French
  1739 35 Jews sentenced to life in prison, Lisbon
  1774 Boston: British seize colony's powder & cannon
  1807 Former VP Aaron Burr found innocent of treason
  1814 USS Wasp sinks HMS Avon
  1848 Royal troops begin bombardment of Messina, Sicily (surrenders the 7th)
  1861 Grant assumes command of Federal forces at Cape Girardeau, Mo
  1861 Skirmish at Bennett's Mills, Mo
  1862 Battle of Chantilly, Virginia
  1863 Atlanta Campaign: Battle of Jonesborough
  1863 Atlanta Campaign: Confederates evacuate & burn Atlanta
  1863 Union fleet bombards Fort Sumter
  1863 Union troops capture Fort Smith, Arkansas
  1866 Manuelito surrenders at Fort Wingate, last resisting Navaho chief
  1870 Napoleon III surrenders to the Prussians at Sedan
  1916 Bulgaria declares war on Romania
  1918 US troops land in Vladivostok, Siberia, stay until 1920
  1923 Great Kanto Plain Earthquake devastes Tokyo, over 100,000 die
  1928 Zog I proclaims himself king of Albania
  1938 Mussolini cancels civil rights of Italian Jews
  1939 George C. Marshall becomes Chief-of-Staff of the Army
  1939 Hitler orders "Close your hearts to pity," invades Poland and initiates the extermination of the mentally ill
  1942 "Tokyo Express" mission to Guadalcanal evades B-17s.
  1942 Federal judge upholds detention of Japanese-Americans
  1942 German troops land on the Taman Peninsula, USSR
  1943 Espiritu Santo: Japanese sub I-182 is sunk by DD Wadsworth
  1943 USN raids Marcus I, with air and gunnery attacks.
  1944 King George VI promotes Bernard Law Montgomery to field marshal
  1948 Communists form the North China People's Republic
  1950 13 North Korean divisions assault UN lines
  1951 Israel's secret service, the Mossad, begins operations
  1951 US, Australia, & New Zealand sign the ANZUS treaty
  1969 Coup by Col Murramar Gadhafi deposes King Idris of Libya
  1983 Soviets shoot down Korean Boeing 747 that strayed over Siberia
  5509 BC The Creation, in the Byzantine Chronology
2 31 BC Battle of Actium; Octavian defeats Antony & Cleopatra
  44 BC Cicero delivers the first of his 14 “Phillipics” against Marc Antony
  1057 Coronation of Issac Comnenus as Emperor of Byzantium.
  1414 Republic of Gaeta and Count Giacomo II of Fondi conclude an armistice
  1628 Battle of Wolgast: Wallenstein’s Imperialists defeat Christian of Denmark
  1649 Pope Innocent X orders the city of Castro razed
  1666 Great Fire of London, ends the Great Plague of London
  1732 Pope Clement XII renews anti-Jewish laws in Rome
  1752 Britain adopts the Gregorian calendar, 170 years late, to screw up chronology
  1777 Battle of Cooch's Bridge, NJ: First use of the "Stars and Stripes" in combat
  1792 Paris mob butchers nobles and clergymen held in jails
  1798 Karl Mack von Leiberich appointed commander of the Neapolitan Army
  1843 Neapolitan naval squadron visits Rio de Janeiro
  1861 Skirmish at Bethel's Mills, Va
  1861 Skirmish at Dallas, Mo
  1861 Skirmish at Dry Wood/Ft Scott, Mo
  1863 The Alabama legislature suggests recruiting slaves for the Confederate Army
  1863 Burnside's troops capture Knoxville
  1864 Lee suggests recruiting blacks for service "every place in the Army”
  1864 Union General William T Sherman captures Atlanta
  1898 Battle of Omdurman: Lord Kitchener retakes the Sudan for Egypt & Britain
  1901 VP Theodore Roosevelt cites the African proverb, "Speak softly and carry a big stick"
  1914 As the Germans drive on Paris, the French government flees to Bordeaux
  1943 Skorzeny and a Waffen-SS team free Mussolini at the Gran Sasso
  1943 Truk: Japanese patrol vessel is torpedoed by U.S. sub Snapper.
  1943 US a/c bomb Lae, in northeastern New Guinea, sinking a patrol vessel
  1944 3rd Fleet raids the Bonins
  1944 Anne Frank is sent to Auschwitz
  1944 Lt jg George H.W. Bush bails out near Chichi Jima; soon rescued by Finback
  1944 USSR & Finland conclude an armistice
  1945 Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam independent of France
  1945 MacArthur says "These proceedings are closed," USS Missouri, Tokyo Bay.
3 36 BC Naval Battle of Naulochus: Agrippa defeats Sextus Pompey
  590 Consecration of Pope St Gregory I “the Great” (590-604)
  1189 Coronation of Richard I "Lionheart" as King of England
  1190 Richard I "Lionheart" and his Crusaders reach Messina, Sicily.
  1260 Battle of Ain Jaluit: Egyptian Mamluks defeat the Mongols in Palestine
  1390 Geoffrey Chaucer is robbed of 20 pounds of the King’s money in Kent.
  1459 Battle of Bloreheath: The Earl of Salisbury defeats the Lancastrians.
  1529 Suliman "The Magnificent” and his Turks capture Buda, Hungary.
  1632 Battle of Nuremburg: Sweden's Gustavus Adolphus and the Empire's Wallentsein fight to a draw
  1650 Battle of Dunbar: Cromwell defeats the Scots Royalists
  1651 Battle of Worcester: Cromwell defeats Prince Charles (II) & the Royalists; final battle of the English Civil Wars
  1700 Battle of the Narva: Swedes defeat Peter the Great
  1782 Battle of Trincomalee: British fleet defeats the French off India
  1782 US gives its only ship-of-the-line, America, to France.
  1833 Frederick Douglass steals Frederick Douglass
  1848 Messina: Citizens defeat a Borbon attempt to retake the city
  1852 Anti-Jewish riots break out in Stockholm
  1858 The first Atlantic cable ceases to function, after only 12 days in service
  1861 Confederates under Leonidas Polk invade Kentucky, insuring its adherence to the Union
  1864 Battle of Berryville, Va
  1885 First Naval War College class convenes
  1917 German troops capture Riga, Latvia
  1917 Imperial German Air Service conducts its first night bombing of London
  1918 5 black soldiers hanged for the Houston “mutiny” of 1917
  1925 USN airship Shenandoah crashes near Caldwell, Ohio, 13 die
  1939 Britain and France declare war on Germany
  1939 Morocco offers troops to French to fight in World War II
  1940 US gives Britain 50 old destroyers in exchange for basing rights in the Empire
  1943 Italy and the Allies agree to a cease-fire
  1943 Japanese sub I-20 sunk off Spiritu Santo by DD Patterson & Ellet
  1944 Britain's Guards Armored Division liberates Brussels
  1944 US Navy shells the Japanese on Wake Island.
  1945 Japanese forces in the Philippines surrender to the US
  1954 Red China begins artillery bombardment of Quemoy & Amoy
  1967 Nguyen Van Thieu elected president of Vietnam under a new constitution
4 476 Odoacer deposes Emperor Romulus Augustulus (475-476): End of the Western Empire
  569 The Lombards capture Mediolanum [Milan] from the East Romans
  786 Haruh al-Rashid becomes Caliph of Baghdad
  883 Arab raiders sack the Monastery of Monte Cassino
  1187 Saladin captures Ascalon from the Crusaders.
  1260 Battle at Montaperti: Sienese Ghibellines rout the Florentine Guelfs
  1285 Battle of Les Formigues: Ruggiero di Lauria’s Aragonese-Sicilian fleet defeats the French
  1479 Peace of Alcacovas: Portugal cedes the Canaries to Castille in return for lands in Africa.
  1609 Henry Hudson sights Manhattan while sailing up his river
  1632 Battle of Burgstall: Imperialists defeat the Swedes
  1650 Battle of Dunbar: Oliver Cromwell defeats David Leslie 
  1796 Battle of Roveredo: The French defeat the Austrians
  1804 USS Intrepid blows up during an unsuccessful attack on Tripoli
  1864 Bread riots in Mobile, Alabama
  1870 Uprising at Paris deposes Napoleon the Little & proclaim the Third Republic
  1886 Geronimo surrenders to Gen Nelson A Miles at Skeleton Canyon, Ariz
  1916 Seventh Battle of the Isonzo begins (to Sep 17)
  1918 US troops land in Archangel, Russia, stay 10 months
  1936 Largo Caballero becomes Premier of the Spanish Republic
  1936 Nationalist troops capture Irun and Talavera de la Reina, Spain
  1939 Netherlands & Belgium declare neutrality in World War II
  1941 U-652 unsuccessfully attacks USS Greer, which drops depth charges
  1942 Lunga Point, Guadalcanal: Japanese DDs sink two U.S. destroyer transports
  1944 1st Marine Div sails from the Solomons for Palau.
  1944 Brit 11th Armoured Div liberates Antwerp
  1944 Finland breaks diplomatic relations with erstwhile ally Nazi Germany
  1945 US reoccupies Wake Is.
  1948 Dutch Queen Wilhemina (1890-1948) abdicates in favor of daughter Juliana (1948-1980)
  1957 Arkansas Gov Fabus orders the National Guard to keep blacks out of Central High School
5 641 Battle of Maserfelth: King Penda of Mercia defeats King Oswald of Northumbria
  1689 Pietro Ottoboni elected Pope as Alexander VIII (1689-1691)
  1750 Paderborn, Germany, orders annual search of Jewish homes for stolen goods
  1757 Battle of Rossbach: Frederick the Great defeats the French
  1774 First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia
  1775 Continental Navy issues uniform regulations for officers
  1781 Battle of the Virginia Capes: de Grasse’s French fleet defeats the British, trapping Cornwallis at Yorktown
  1795 US pays Algiers $1 million to ransom 100 sailors
  1806 Fra Diavolo crushes a French column near Itri, Naples
  1813 USS Enterprise captures HM brig Boxer off Portland, Me
  1836 Sam Houston elected president of Republic of Texas
  1862 Antietam Campaign: Lee crosses the Potomac into Maryland
  1876 Powder River Campaign: Gen Crook defeats the Cheyenne & Sioux at Slim Buttes
  1905 Teddy Roosevelt engineers the Treaty of Portsmouth, ending the Russo-Japanese War
  1914 Britain, France, Belgium, and Russia ally against Germany
  1914 First Battle of the Marne begins, as French taxis rush troops to the front
  1915 Anti-war conference in Zimmerwald, Switzerland
  1918 Due to WW I, the World Series begins a month early
  1918 USS Mount Vernon torpedoed by a German submarine off France
  1923 US Asiatic Fleet arrives at Tokyo to assist after the Great Kanto Plain earthquake.
  1933 Fulgencio Batista ousts Cuban dictator Carlos de Cespedes in a coup
  1939 FDR creates Neutrality Patrol, to defend hemispheric waters
  1942 British and American aircraft bomb Le Havre and Bremen
  1943 US airborne troops land at Nadzab, New Guinea
  1944 Chinese establish land link to India at the Kaolingkung Pass in Burma.
  1961 US resumes nuclear testing after a temporary ban
  1968 Hijackers slay 21 on a Pan Am jet in Karachi, Pakistan
  1972 Palestinian terrorists murder 11 Israelis at the Munich Olympics
  1975 Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme tries to assassinate Pres Ford in Sacramento
  1978 Sadat, Begin, & Carter begin a peace conference at Camp David
  1984 Discovery completes 12th Space Shuttle mission
  2002 Attempt to assassinate Pres. Karzai of Afghanistan, c. 30 die
6 1634 Battle of Nordlingen: Spanish & Imperialists defeat the Swedes
  1643 Castro War: Battle of Mongiovino – Tuscans force Papal troops to retreat.
  1715 "The Fifteen" – Widespread Jacobite Rebellion begins in Scotland
  1808 Gioacchino Murat lands at Gaeta to assume the throne of Naples
  1813 Battle of Dennewitz: Prussians defeat the French
  1861 Brig. Gen. U.S. Grant captures Paducah, Kentucky, without opposition
  1862 Stonewall Jackson occupies Fredrick, Maryland
  1863 Confederates evacuate Ft Wagner, SC, ending 59 day Union siege
  1886 Queen Victoria establishes Distinguished Service Order (DSO)
  1901 Pres William McKinley, mortally wounded by Leon Czologosz in Buffalo (d. 14th)
  1918 US Navy 14-inch railroad guns open fire on the Western Front
  1924 Assassination attempt on Mussolini
  1928 USSR signs Briand-Kellogg Pact, agrees war is naughty
  1939 First German air attack on Great Britain in WW II
  1939 South Africa declares war on Germany
  1940 Charles F. Hughes (DD-428) commissioned (Lt Cdr. G. L. Menocal)
  1940 Crown Prince Michael succeeds Carol II as king of Romania
  1941 Germany orders all Jews over 6 anywhere to wear a star
  1941 Nazis restrict Jews of Vilna, Poland, to a ghetto
  1942 Japanese occupy Efogi on the Kokoda Trail, 50 miles from Port Moresby
  1943 CA Nachi survives torpedo from Halibut off Japan.
  1944 Netherlands: German Fifteenth Army evacuates Zealand
  1944 Western Carolines: 16 U.S. carriers strike Japanese held islands
  1976 Soviet pilot Viktor Belenko defects to Japan with a MiG-25
  1983 USSR admits to shooting down KAL 007 on 9/2
  1986 Islamist terrorists kill 22 at the Neve Shalom synagogue, Istanbul
  1988 Crippled Soviet Soyuz TM-5 lands safely with 2 cosmonauts aboard
  1991 Leningrad becomes St. Petersburg again
7 831 Arabs capture Palermo from the Byzantines
  871 Black Zanj Kharijite rebels capture and sack Basrah
  1101 First Battle of Ramalah: Crusaders defeat the Fatimids
  1158 Milan surrenders to Frederick Barbarossa
  1159 Orlando Bandinelli elected Pope as Alexander III (1159-81)
  1191 Battle of Arshouf: Richard Lionheart defeats Saladin
  1191 Battle of the Strymon: the Byzantines defeat William II of Sicily
  1298 Naval Battle of Curzola: Genoese defeat the Venetians, capture Marco Polo
  1303 The Colonna capture Pope Boniface VIII, a Caetani, at Anagni
  1603 Marco Caltizzone, Pretender to the throne of Portugal, executed by the Spanish
  1664 Peter Stuyvesant surrenders Nieuw Amsterdam to the English fleet
  1706 Battle of Turin: Prince Eugene defeats the French
  1714 Treaty of Baden: French retain Alsace, Austria gets right bank of Rhine
  1776 David Bushnell's sub Turtle tries to sink HMS Eagle in New York harbor
  1812 Battle at Borodino: Napoleon gains a Phyrric victory over Kutusov
  1814 USS Wasp captures HMS Avon
  1822 Pedro, son of King Joao VI of Portugal, declares himself emperor of an independent Brazil
  1848 Messina: The Borbons retake the city after two day's fighting
  1860 Triumphal entry of Garibaldi and the Army of the South into Naples
  1862 Stonewall Jackson writes a pass so he can attend divine services
  1870 HMS Captain capsizes off Cape Finisterre, c. 500 die, 18 survive
  1927 Mao Tse-dung writes, “Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.”
  1940 Luftwaffe begins 57 nights of raids on London
  1942 Battle of Alam Halfa: Defeat of Rommel's attempt to reach the Nile
  1943 Heavy fighting around Lae
  1943 Heavy fighting on Vella Lavella
  1947 Hindus & Muslims battle in New Delhi
  1950 Communists close all monasteries in Hungary
  1956 Bell X-2 sets unofficial manned aircraft altitude record 126,000'
  1986 Unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Pres Augusto Pinochet of Chile
8 0 Memorial of St Adrian of Nicomedia, Patron of Arms Dealers
  1141 Battle of Samarkand
  1276 Election of Pope John XXI (Sep 8, 1276-May 20, 1277)
  1380 Battle of Kulikovo Pole: Dmitri Donskoi’s Russians defeat the Tatars
  1495 Ferrantino II lays siege to French-held Gaeta (falls Nov 18)
  1565 Italo-Spanish fleet begins landing troops on Malta to break the Turkish siege
  1625 Treaty of Southhampton: England and the Netherlands ally against Spain
  1628 Dutch sea dog Piet Heyn captures a Spanish treasure fleet, Matanzas, Cuba.
  1760 French surrender Montreal to Lord Jeffrey Amherst
  1796 Battle of Bassano del Grappa: Massena defeats the Austrians under Wurmser
  1848 Uprising at Bologna: The citizens oust the Austrians
  1855 Crimean War: Allied assault on the Malakof Bastion
  1863 Battle of Telford's Depot, TN
  1863 Texans repel Union invasion force at Sabine Pass, TX
  1919 Ticker tape parade on Broadway for General of the Armies John J. Pershing & 25,000 Doughboys
  1923 Seven USN destroyers ground at Point Honda, Ca., by a navigational error, 23 die
  1939 FDR declares "limited national emergency" due to war in Europe
  1939 German panzers reach outskirts of Warsaw
  1941 Nazis exterminate the Jews of Meretsch, Lithuania
  1942 700 Marine Raiders hit Tasimboko, Guadalcanal, in the Japanese rear
  1942 Japanese destroyer squadron shells Tulagi
  1942 Japanese open 5 battalion attack on Aussies at Egofi, the Kokoda Trail
  1943 Italy concludes an armistice with the Allies
  1943 U.S DD bombard Lae to support Australian 9th Div
  1943 US aircraft bomb targets near Rome, supported by Italian fighters
  1944 First V-2 attacks on London; 3 die in Cheswick
  1944 Russian troops enter Bulgaria, which promptly declares war on Germany
  1945 US troops land in Korea to assume occupation duties
  1948 British De Havilland 08 fighter flies faster than sound
  1951 Japan signs peace treaty with 48 countries at San Francisco
  1954 Manila: Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) formed
  1962 Chinese troops invade India
  1966 “Star Trek” debuts on NBC
  1991 Macedonia declares independence from Yugoslavia
9 9 Battle of the Teutoburg Forest: “Quintilius Varus, Quintilius Varus, give me my three legions back.”
  337 Constans succeeds Constantine the Great as Roman Emperor (337-350)
  490 BC Battle of Marathon: Athenians & Plataeans defeat the Persians
  1303 Caetani troops liberate Pope Boniface VIII from the Colonna at Anagni
  1502 The Pact of Mugione: Cesare Borgia’s enemies conclude an alliance
  1513 Battle of Flodden Field: English defeat James IV of Scotland
  1739 Slave revolt in Stono, SC; c. 25 whites, 50 blacks die
  1776 "The United Colonies" are renamed "The United States"
  1825 Lafayette sails for France after a year-long visit to America
  1863 Battle of Cumberland Gap, TN
  1867 Luxembourg declared independent of the North German Confederation
  1903 N.Y. Nat'l Guard wins the first National Rifle Matches; Sea Girt, N.J.
  1922 Turkish troops capture Smyrna from the Greeks
  1939 German 15th Mtzd Inf massacres 300 Polish P/Ws near Ciepielow
  1940 Congress passes the "Two Ocean Navy" Bill: 12 CVs, 7 BBs, c. 190 other ships authorized.
  1942 Aussie 25th Bde rushes up the Kokoda Trail to support Egofi