|
|
October Military History
Today | January | February | March | April | May | June
July | August | September | October | November | December
Born
| 1 | 8 | BC Caius Sallustius Crispus - Sallust, Roman historian (“The Conspiracy of Catiline”) | | | 208 | Alexander Severus, Roman Emperor (222-235) | | | 1207 | King Henry III of England (1216-72) | | | 1685 | Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (1711-40) | | | 1730 | Richard Stockton, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1788 | | | 1746 | Rev John Muhlenberg, Continental general (see Deaths) | | | 1781 | Capt James "Don't give up the ship!" Lawrence, kia 1812 | | | 1830 | Jeremiah C. Sullivan, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1890 | | | 1831 | Claudius C. Wilson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863 | | | 1834 | Francis Marion Cockrell, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1915 | | | 1835 | Robert H. Anderson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1888 | | | 1835 | William "Red" Jackson, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1881 | William Edward Boeing, aviation entrepreneur | | | 1921 | James Whitmore, Marine, actor ("Battle Cry") | | | 1924 | James Earl Carter, naval officer, president (1977-1981) | | | 1936 | Stephen Ambrose, historian ("Band of Brothers"), d. 2002 | | | 1950 | Boris Vladimirovich Morukov, Russian cosmonaut | | 2 | 1452 | King Richard III of England (1483-85), who needed a horse | | | 1737 | Francis Hopkinson, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1791 | | | 1800 | Nat Turner, leader of the Great Southampton Slave Rebellion, k 1831 | | | 1819 | George Washington Getty, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1901 | | | 1821 | Alexander Peter "Old Straight" Stewart, Lt Gen, C.S.A., | | | 1827 | Edmund Jackson Davis, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1883 | | | 1847 | Paul Ludwig Hans von Beneckendorf von Hindenburg, Generalfeldmarschal, d. 1934 | | | 1851 | Ferdinand Foch, Marechel de France, d. 1929 | | | 1869 | Karamchand Ghandi - the Mahatma, k. 1948 | | | 1871 | Cordell Hull, SecState (1933-1944), Nobelist (1945) | | | 1895 | Col. Ruth Cheney Streeter, first director of the USMC Women's Reserve | | | 1904 | Dermot Boyle, Marshal of the RAF | | | 1904 | Graham Greene, novelist (“Our Man in Havana”), d. 1991 | | | 1912 | Eric Wilson, VC | | | 1937 | David McCullough, historian, biographer ("Truman") | | | 1939 | Yuri N Glazkov, cosmonaut | | 3 | 1605 | Li Tzu-ch'eng, sometime bandit who toppled the Ming, k 1645 | | | 1789 | Francis Hoyt Gregory, naval officer, U.S., d. 1866 | | | 1800 | George Bancroft, Greatest SecNav, historian | | | 1829 | Wilhelm Lorenz Sigismund von Schlichting, German general, student of Moltke, reformer, who was passed-over by Kaiser Wilhelm, d. 1909 | | | 1854 | William Crawford Gorgas, military surgeon, conqueror of yellow fever | | | 1882 | Gunther von Kluge, German field marshal, suicide 1945 | | | 1925 | Gore Vidal, veteran, though he didn’t learn anything from it | | | 1949 | Yekaterina A Ivanova, Russian cosmonaut | | 4 | 1289 | King Louis X "the Stubborn" of France (1314-16) | | | 1550 | King Charles IX of Sweden (1569-1611) | | | 1626 | Richard Cromwell, sometime “Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland” (1658-1659), d. 1712 | | | 1809 | Robert Cumming Schenck, Maj. Gen, U.S., d. 1890 | | | 1810 | Count Alexander Waleweski, Napoleon I's bastard, III's foreign minister | | | 1816 | Egbert Benson Brown, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1902 | | | 1822 | R.B. Hayes, 5 times wounded veteran, president (1877-81) | | | 1861 | Frederic Remington, artist of the frontier army | | | 1877 | Doroteo "Pancho Villa" Arango, Mexican revolutionary | | | 1881 | Walter von Brauchitsch, German C-in-C (1938-1941), d. 1948 | | | 1892 | Engelbert Dollfuss, Frontsoldat, Austrian chancellor (1932-1934), murdered by Nazis 1934 | | | 1895 | Richard Sorge, Soviet spy in Tokyo | | | 1903 | Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Nazi criminal, executed 1946 | | | 1913 | Lelia Caetani, last Princess of Sermoneta, d. 1977 | | 5 | 1743 | Thomas Stone, Signer of the Declaration of Independence (See Deaths) | | | 1808 | Thomas Algeo Rowley, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892 | | | 1830 | Chester Alan Arthur, militiaman, president, 1881-85 | | | 1833 | Cyrus Bussey, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1915 | | | 1836 | George Washington Gordon, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1911 | | | 1882 | Robert Goddard, rocketry pioneer | | | 1887 | Rene Cassin, pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize (1968) | | | 1895 | Walter Bedell Smith, Ike's C/S, Head of CIA (1950-52) | | | 1929 | Richard F Gordon Jr., USN, astronaut | | | 1930 | Pavel R Popovich, Ukraine, cosmonaut | | 6 | 1289 | King Wenceslaus III of Bohemia (d. 1306) | | | 1769 | Maj. Gen. Sir Isaac Brock, kia Queenstown Heights, 1812 | | | 1773 | Louis-Philippe “Citizen-King” of France (1830-1848), d. 1850 | | | 1808 | King Frederick VII of Denmark (1848-63) | | | 1838 | Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Garibaldino, diarist, d. 1910 | | | 1841 | Nicholai I, Prince & King of Montenegro (1860/1910-1921) | | | 1849 | Sir Basil Zaharoff (born Zacharias Basileios), legendary "Merchant of Death," d. 1936 | | | 1908 | Carole Lombard, actress, wife to Clark Gable, killed in an air crash during a war bond drive in early 1942 | | | 1914 | Thor Heyerdahl, explorer, racist, d. 2002 | | | 1930 | Hafez al Assad, dictator of Syria (1971-2000), d. 2000 | | | 1952 | Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999-2008) | | 7 | 1728 | Caesar Rodney, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1784 | | | 1748 | King Charles XIII of Sweden (1809-18) & Norway (1814-18) | | | 1817 | Bushrod Rust Johnson, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1880 | | | 1821 | Richard Heron Anderson, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1879 | | | 1821 | William Sill, Underground Railroad Stationmaster | | | 1826 | William Brimage Bate, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1905 | | | 1841 | King Nicolai Petrovic Njegos of Montenegro (1910-1918) | | | 1854 | Christiaan de Wet, Boer General | | | 1879 | Leon Trotsky, idealistic mass murderer [26th N.S.] | | | 1923 | Irma Grese, the “Witch of Belsen”, hanged in 1945 at 22 | | | 1931 | Desmond Tutu, Bishop, Peace Nobelist (1982) | | | 1934 | Ulrike Meinhof, German anarchist terrorist | | | 1943 | Oliver North | | 8 | 1826 | Matt Whitaker Ransom, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1904 | | | 1838 | John Hay, Lincoln’s secretary; later SecState, d. 1905 | | | 1890 | Eddie Rickenbacker, American "Ace of Aces" in WW I | | | 1895 | Juan Peron, Argentine soldier, putschist, president (1946-55, 1973-74) | | | 1895 | King Zog I of Albania (1928-1939) | | | 1956 | Janice E Voss, astronaut | | 9 | 1261 | King Diniz of Portugal (1279-1325) | | | 1547 | Miguel de Cervantes, marine, novelist ("Don Quixote") | | | 1767 | King Charles X of France (1824-1830), brother of Louis XVI & XVIII; deposed, d. 1836 | | | 1771 | Duke Frederick William of Brunswick (1813-15), kia, Quatre Bras | | | 1782 | Lewis Cass, soldier, politician, secretary of war | | | 1819 | Samuel McGowan, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1897 | | | 1822 | George Sykes, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1880 | | | 1859 | Alfred Dreyfus, French officer, cause celebre | | | 1888 | Nicholai I. Bukharin, Bolshevik, executed by Stalin, 1938 | | | 1899 | Bruce Catton, historian ("A Stillness at Appomattox") | | | 1911 | Joe Rosenthal, who took a picture on Iwo Jima; d. 2006 | | 10 | 1486 | Duke Charles III of Savoy | | | 1815 | Giuseppe Verdi, composer ("I Lombardi") | | | 1819 | Zebulon York, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1900 | | | 1825 | Paulus "Oom Paul" Kruger, Boer leader | | | 1829 | Dandridge McRae, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1899 | | | 1830 | Queen Isabella II of Spain (1833-68), d. 1904 | | | 1832 | Theodore Shelton Bowers, Bvt. Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1866 | | | 1861 | Fridtjof Nansen, explorer, humanitarian, Peace Nobelist (1922) | | | 1889 | Kermit Roosevelt, soldier; suicide 1943 | | 11 | 1671 | King Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway (1699-1730) | | | 1727 | John Wilkes, notorious English anti-Catrholic demagogue | | | 1759 | Mason Locke "Parson" Weems, inventive biographer of Washington | | | 1820 | Alfred Washington Ellet, "seagoing" Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895 | | | 1825 | Elkanah Brackin Greer, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1877 | | | 1884 | Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady (1933-1945), d. 1962 | | | 1897 | Nathan F Twining, general, USAF | | 12 | 1537 | King Edward VI of England (1547-53), son of Henry VIII | | | 1798 | King Charles Albert of Sardinia (1831-49) | | | 1798 | Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil (1822-31), King of Portugal (1826), d. 1834 | | | 1815 | William Joseph Hardee, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1873 | | | 1822 | Joseph Haydn Potter, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892 | | | 1860 | Elmer A Sperry, inventor of the gyrocompass | | | 1866 | James Ramsay MacDonald, prime minister, (1924, 1929-35), appeaser | | | 1932 | Jake Garn, politician, astronaut | | 13 | 1808 | Henry Haywood Bell, naval officer, U.S., d. 1868 | | | 1810 | James Shedden Palmer, naval officer, U.S., d. 1867 | | | 1826 | Lafayette Curry Baker, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1868 | | | 1925 | Margaret Thatcher, PM of Great Britain, (1979-90) | | | 1952 | Michael Richard Clifford, astronaut | | 14 | 1633 | King James II of England (1685-88), naval officer, d. 1701 | | | 1734 | Francis Lightfoot Lee, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1797 | | | 1784 | King Ferdinand VII of Spain | | | 1827 | James Sidney Robinson, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892 | | | 1837 | Ellison Capers, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1908 | | | 1877 | Rafael de Nogales Mendez, soldier-of-fortune, d. 1937 | | | 1882 | Eamon De Valera, President of Ireland | | | 1890 | General of the Army Dwight D Eisenhower | | | 1906 | Hannah Arendt, historian ("The Origins of Totalitarianism") | | 15 | 70 | BC Virgil - "Arma virumque cano." | | | 1542 | Akbar, Mughal Emperor of India (1556-1605) | | | 1795 | King Frederick Willem IV of Prussia (1840-61) | | | 1816 | Amiel Weeks Whipple, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1863 | | | 1818 | Elizabeth Van Lew, Union master spy, d. 1900 | | | 1818 | Irvin McDowell, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1885 | | | 1832 | Henry Harrison Walker, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1912 | | | 1836 | Thomas Lafayette Rosser, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1910 | | | 1844 | Friedrich Nietzsche, inventor of the "Übermensch" | | | 1856 | Robert Nivelle, inept French general | | | 1878 | Paul Reynaud, Premier of France (1940), who wasn't tough enough | | | 1893 | King Charles II of Romania (1930-40) | | | 1917 | Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., historian, ("The Age of Jackson") | | | 1948 | Aleksandr S Puchkov, cosmonaut | | 16 | 42 | BC Tiberius, Roman Emperor (14-37) | | | 1663 | Eugenio von Savoy, Imperial general, patron of the arts, d. 1736 | | | 1816 | William Preston, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1887 | | | 1825 | Thomas Turpin Crittenden, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1905 | | | 1832 | George Crockett Strong, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1863 | | | 1886 | David Ben Gurion, PM of Israel (1948-1953, 1955) | | | 1890 | Michael “Big Mike” Collins, Irish patriot, murdered, 1922 | | | 1898 | William O. Douglas, soldier, Supreme Court Justice | | | 1905 | Dmitri Shostakovitch, composer ("The Leningrad Symphony") | | | 1908 | Enver Hoxha, dictator of Albania (1944-85) | | 17 | 1734 | Count Grigori Orlov, inept favorite of Catherine the Great | | | 1926 | Karl G Henize, astronaut | | | 1956 | Mae Jemison, astronaut | | 18 | 1239 | Stefanus V, Prince of Transylvania, King of Hungary (1270-72) | | | 1405 | Enea Silvio de' Piccolomini - Pope Pius II (1458-1464) | | | 1668 | Count Wierich von Daun, Austrian Field Marshal, Prince of Teano | | | 1668 | Elector Johan Georg IV of Saxony (1691-94) | | | 1741 | Pierre Ambrose Choderlos de Laclos, general, author (“Les Liaisons Dangereus”), d. 1803 | | | 1806 | John Breckinridge Grayson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1861 | | | 1811 | Hugh Thompson Reid, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1874 | | | 1818 | Edward Otho Cresap Ord, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1883 | | | 1829 | Charles Sidney Winder, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862 | | | 1829 | Lucius Marshall Walker, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863 | | | 1831 | Kaiser Frederik III von Hohenzollern of Germany (1888) | | | 1919 | Pierre Trudeau, PM of Canada (1968-79, 1980-84), d. 2000 | | | 1930 | Frank Carlucci, National Security Adviser, SecDef (1987-89) | | | 1931 | John LeCarre, novelist ("The Spy Who Came in from the Cold") | | | 1939 | Lee Harvey Oswald, sometime Marine, assassin, k by Jack Ruby, 1963 | | 19 | 1810 | Cassius Marcellus Clay, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1903 | | | 1824 | Rufus Saxton, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1908 | | | 1834 | Francis C. Barlow, Mar Gen, U.S., d. 1896 | | | 1862 | Bertram T. Clayton, Brooklyn cavalryman, in Alabama! kia, 1918 | | | 1901 | Arleigh "31 Knot" Burke, destroyerman, d 1996 | | | 1934 | Jakubu Gowon, dictator of Nigeria (1966-75) | | | 1950 | Charles Marie Jérôme Victor Napoléon Bonapart, pretender to the throne of France as Napoléon VII | | 20 | 1780 | Pauline Bonaparte, sister to Napoleon, Duchess of Parma, model for Canova | | | 1819 | Daniel Edgar Sickles, hustler, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1914 | | | 1820 | Benjamin Franklin Cheatham, Maj Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1820 | George Jerrison Stannard, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1822 | Mansfield Lovell, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1884 | | | 1900 | Heinrich Himmler, mass murderer | | 21 | 1650 | Jean Bart, French naval hero | | | 1803 | George Wright, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1865 | | | 1833 | Alfred Nobel, inventor of dynamite & prizes | | | 1884 | Hector Bywater, journalist, novelist (“The Great Pacific War”), d. 1940 | | 22 | 1689 | King João V of Portugal | | | 1810 | Henry Bohlen, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1862 | | | 1887 | John Reed, radical journalist ("Ten Days that Shook the World") | | | 1913 | Bao Dai, Emperor of Vietnam (1925-1945), Head of State (1949-1955), d. 1997 | | | 1933 | Donald H Peterson, USAF, astronaut | | 23 | 1715 | Tsar Peter II of Russia (1727-30) | | | 1820 | James Monroe Goggin, Brig Gen, C.S.A. d. 1889 | | | 1824 | Thomas Gamble Pitcher, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895 | | | 1828 | Turner Ashby, Brig Gen, C.S.A., kia 1862 | | | 1844 | Louis Riel, French Canadian nationalist rebel, executed, 1885 | | 24 | 51 | T. Flavius Domitianus – Roman Emperor Domitian (81-96) | | | 1815 | John Edwards, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1894 | | | 1856 | Henri Philippe Petain, Marshal of France, hero, collaborator, d. 1951 | | | 1891 | Rafael Trujillo, dictator of the Dominican Republic (1930-61) | | 25 | 1684 | Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin, Prussian field marshal, kia 1757 | | | 1800 | Thomas Babington, Lord Macaulay, poet, historian ("Lays of Ancient Rome"), d. 1859 | | | 1819 | Zachariah Cantey Deas, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1882 | | | 1881 | Pablo Picasso, artist, leftist, Nazi collaborator, d. 1973 | | | 1888 | Richard E Byrd, naval officer, polar explorer | | | 1889 | Abel Gance, French film pioneer ("Napoleon") | | | 1921 | King Michael I of Romania (1927-30, 1940-47) | | 26 | 1759 | Georges Danton, revolutionary demagogue who got his | | | 1800 | Helmuth von Moltke - The Great Moltke | | | 1804 | Lorenzo Thomas, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1875 | | | 1824 | Arthur Middleton Manigault, Brig Gen, C.S.A., | | | 1830 | Stephen Elliott Jr., Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1866 | | | 1837 | James Lawlor Kiernan, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1869 | | | 1878 | Jose Moscardo Ituarte, defender of the Alcazar of Toledo, 1936 | | | 1914 | Jackie Coogan, glider pilot, actor | | | 1916 | Francois Mitterand, Resistance fighter, President of France (1981-1995) | | | 1919 | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941-79), d. 1980 | | 27 | 1466 | Desiderius Erasmus, humanist, d. 1536 | | | 1828 | Jacob Dolson Cox, Maj Gen, U.S. d. 1900 | | | 1829 | Christopher Columbus Andres, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1842 | Giovanni Giolitti, Garibaldino, five times Premier of Italy | | | 1844 | Klas Arnoldson, pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize, 1908 | | | 1858 | Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., soldier, statesman, author, and more, d. 1919 | | | 1894 | Fritz Sauckel, Nazi slave master | | | 1946 | Steven R Nail, USAF, astronaut | | | 1946 | Terry J Hart, astronaut | | | 1953 | Michael A Baker, USN, astronaut | | 28 | 1510 | Francesco Borgia, great-grandson of Pope Alexander VI, later General of the Jesuits and saint | | | 1791 | Paolo Bartolomeo di Avitabile, Neapolitan lieutenant, Persian colonel, Sikh general, d. 1850 | | | 1793 | Eliphalet Remington, firearms designer, d. 1861 | | | 1810 | Adley Hogan Gladden, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862 | | | 1834 | Dudley McIver DuBose, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1883 | | | 1897 | Hans Speidel, soldier, anti-Nazi | | | 1940 | Gennadi Mikhailovich Strekalov, cosmonaut | | 29 | 1507 | Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, third Duke of Alba, d. 1582 | | | 1816 | King Ferdinand II of Portugal | | | 1824 | Joseph Horace Lewis, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1904 | | | 1871 | Queen Marie of Romania | | | 1878 | Alexander von Falkenhausen, German chief of the German general staff, 1915-1916 | | | 1897 | Joseph Goebbels, Nazi propagandist | | | 1921 | Bill Mauldin, soldier cartoonist ("Willy and Joe") | | | 1952 | Valeri I Tokarev, Russian colonel/cosmonaut | | 30 | 1391 | Dom Duarte, King of Portugal (1433-38) | | | 1807 | James Samuel Wadsworth, Maj Gen, U.S., d/w 1864 | | | 1830 | John Stevens Bowen, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863 | | | 1848 | Sinovi Rosjestvenski, Russian admiral, who lost the big one in 1905 | | | 1873 | Francisco Madero, inept visionary Pres of Mexico (1911-1913), k. 1913 | | | 1882 | Gunther von Kluge, German field marshal, suicide 1944 | | | 1882 | William F Halsey, Fleet Admiral | | | 1885 | Ezra Pound, poet ("Cantos"), Fascist, d. 1972 | | | 1946 | Robert "Hoot" Gibson, USN, astronaut | | 31 | 1345 | King Ferdinand I of Portugal | | | 1705 | Lorenzo Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli - Pope Clement XIV (1769-1774) | | | 1740 | William Paca, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1799 | | | 1825 | Raleigh Edward Colston, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1896 | | | 1826 | Hugh Boyle Ewing, Bvt Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1905 | | | 1831 | Daniel Butterfield, Maj Gen, U.S., composer of "Taps," d. 1901 | | | 1835 | Adalbert Ames, Brig Gen, U.S., last surviving Civil War general, d. 1933 | | | 1843 | Alexandre-Georges-Henri Regnault, French artist, kia, 1871 | | | 1860 | Juliette Gordon Low, founder of the Girl Scouts | | | 1887 | Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Chinese Nationalists | | | 1930 | Michael Collins, USAF, astronaut (Gemini 10, Apollo 11) | | | 1949 | Terence Wilcutt, USMC, astronaut | | | 1960 | Prince Reza Pahlavi of Iran, Pretender to the Peacock Throne |
Died
| 1 | 829 | Byzantine Emperor Michael II “the Stammerer” | | | 1040 | Duke Alain III of Brittany (1008-40), poisoned | | | 1404 | Pope Boniface IX - Piero Tomacelli (1389-1404) | | | 1498 | Pagolo Vitelli, Captain of Florence, beheaded | | | 1578 | Don Juan of Austria, Victor of Lepanto, at 31 | | | 1807 | Rev John Muhlenberg, Continental general, on his 61st birthday | | | 1864 | Rose Greenhow, Confederate spy, drowned, at c. 47 | | | 1901 | Emir Abdoer-Rahman of Afghanistan | | | 1990 | Curtis E LeMay, bomber baron, at 83 | | 2 | 322 | BC Aristotle, b. 384 BC [Alt] | | | 534 | King Athalaric of the Ostrogoths (526-534), son of Amalasuntha | | | 1264 | Pope Urban IV - Jacques Pantaléon (1261-1264) | | | 1707 | Duke Anne Jules de Noailles, Marshal of France, at 57 | | | 1780 | British Maj John Andre, hanged by the US as a spy | | | 1782 | Charles Lee, soldier of fortune, American Maj. Gen., at 50 | | | 1786 | Admiral Viscount Augustus Keppel, at 60 | | | 1841 | Prince Onorato V Grimaldi of Monaco (1815-1841), Captain of French Imperial Dragoons (1810-1814), at 63 | | 3 | 1226 | St. Francis of Assisi, sometime soldier & P/W | | | 1283 | Prince David ap Gruffydd of Gwynedd (1282-1283) last native Prince of Wales, drawn & quartered at c. 48 | | | 1795 | Tula, leader of the Curacao slave rebellion, executed | | | 1929 | Gustav Stresemann, German chancellor, peace Nobeliat, 1926, at 51 | | 4 | 633 | King Edwin “the Great” of Northumberland, kia, Hatfield | | | 1830 | Count Hans Yorck von Wartenburg, Prussian military reformer, at 71 | | | 1904 | Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, sculptor ("Liberty Enlightening the World") | | | 2004 | Michael Grant, historian (“Gladiators”), at 89 | | | 2008 | Ted Briggs, last survivor of the Hood, at 85 | | 5 | 578 | Byzantine Emperor Justin II (565-78) | | | 1056 | Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (1039-56) | | | 1111 | Robert II of Jerusalem, Count of Flanders | | | 1285 | King Philippe III "the Stout" of France (1270-85) | | | 1496 | King Ferdinand - Ferrante - II of Naples (1495-1496) | | | 1787 | Thomas Stone, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, on his 44th birthday | | | 1813 | Tecumseh, kia, Battle of the Thames | | | 1918 | Eddie Grant, Giants third baseman, kia, the Argonne | | | 1967 | Clifton C Williams Jr., astronaut, at 35, T-38 crash | | 6 | 877 | Charles II, King of the Franks, Holy Roman Emperor (875-77) | | | 1014 | Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria (997–1014), c. 59, stroke upon meeting survivors of his army, blinded by Byzantine Emperor Basil II | | | 1072 | King Sancho II of Castille (1065-72), murdered | | | 1214 | King Alfonso VIII of Castille | | | 1413 | Emperor Dawit I of Ethiopia, at about 30 | | | 1819 | King Charles Emanuel II of Sardinia (1796-1802) | | | 1849 | The “Thirteen Martyrs of Arad” - Hungarian patriots executed by the Austrians | | | 1891 | Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish patriot | | | 1892 | Alfred, Lord Tennyson, poet ("The Charge of the Light Brigade") | | | 1912 | August Beernaert, Belgian politician, Peace Nobelist, 1909, at 83 | | | 1951 | Henry Gurney, British high commissioner to Malaya, assassinated | | | 1959 | Bernard Berenson, art historian, fascist-sympathizer (b. 1865) | | | 1981 | Anwar al-Sadat, Nobel Peace Prize (1978), assassinated | | | 2002 | Claus von Amsberg, German soldier, husband of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands (b. 1926) | | 7 | 336 | Pope St. Marcus (18 Jan 336-7 Oct 336) | | | 610 | Deposed Roman Emperor Phocas (602-610), personally executed by Heraclius | | | 929 | King Charles III of France (893-929) | | | 1259 | Ezzelino III da Romano, self-inflicted wounds while a prisoner, unmourned | | | 1468 | Sigismondo Malatesta, Lord of Rimini (1432-1468) condottiero, at 51 | | | 1571 | Agosto Barbarigo, Venetian admiral, kia, Lepanto, Giovanni Contarini, Venetian admiral, Orazio Orsini, Patrician of Naples & Venice, Virginio Orsini, Patrician of Naples & Venice, his brother, plus 15 other Venetian captains, and c. 7,500 Italian & Spanish soldiers, marinies, & sailors, kia, Lepanto | | | 1571 | Ali Pasha and Mohammed Scirocco, Turkish admirals, and c. 80,000 Turkish soldiers, marines, & sailors, kia, Lepanto | | | 1777 | Simon Fraser, English general, kia | | | 1780 | Maj Patrick Ferguson, British military reformer, kia, King's Mountain | | | 1800 | Gabriel, Virginia slave leader, hanged | | | 1849 | Edgar Allen Poe, West Point drop out, of drink at 40 | | 8 | 701 | Pope Sergius I (687-701) | | | 705 | Caliph Abd-Al-Malik Ibn Marwan of Damascus. | | | 1354 | Cola di Rienzo, Roman revolutionary, killed by a mob on the Capitoline | | | 1656 | Johan Georg I of Saxony (1611-56), at 71 | | | 1869 | Franklin Pierce, soldier, president (1853-1857), at 64 | | | 1879 | Arturo Prat, Peruvian naval officer, kia at Angamos | | | 1967 | Ernesto "Che" Guevara, professional revolutionary, executed | | | 1985 | Leon Klinghoffer, disabled veteran, murdered by Palestinian terrorists | | 9 | 1047 | Pope Clement II (1046-1047) | | | 1390 | King Juan I of Castille (1379-90) | | | 1502 | Lord Giulio Cesare da Varano of Camerino, 68, and his sons Annibale, 34, Venanzio, 25, & Pirro, 16, strangled at Pergola, by order of Cesare Borgia | | | 1934 | King Alexander of Yugoslavia & Foreign Minister Louis Barthou of France, assassinated at Marseilles | | | 1943 | Jan Dieters and Lou Jansen, Dutch resistance fighters, executed by the Nazis | | | 1958 | Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) | | | 1974 | Oskar Schindler, one of the "Righteous" | | 10 | 19 | BC Germanicus, overrated Roman general, natural causes, despite Robert Graves | | | 413 | BC Nikias, superstitious Athenian general, executed upon capture by the Syracusans | | | 680 | Imam Huseyn Ali, Mohammed’s grandson, his two sons, and 70 followers, slaughtered by Caliph Yazid I ibn Muawiyah | | | 1914 | King Karol I von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen of Romania (1881-1914) | | 11 | 1303 | Pope Boniface VIII - Benedetto Gaetani (1294-1303) | | | 1424 | Count Jan Zizka, blind Bohemian military hero, of plague | | | 1586 | Sir Philip Sidney, Elizabethan warrior-poet, d/w, Arnhem, the Netherlands | | | 1779 | Casimir Pulaski, Polish patriot and American general, d/w at Charleston | | | 1809 | Meriwether Lewis, suicide at 35 | | | 1940 | Lluis Companys, President of Catalunya (1934-1939), executed by Franco | | | 1942 | Prince Urbano Colonna of Carbognano, kia over Malta at 29 | | | 1963 | Jean Cocteau, sensitive Vichyite & Nazi collaborator, at 71 | | | 1990 | Douglas Edwards, WW II correspondent, cancer at 73 | | | 1992 | Memento mori | | 12 | 633 | King Edwin of Northumberland (616-633), at c. 50 | | | 638 | Pope Honorius I (625-628) | | | 642 | Pope John IV (640-642) | | | 1320 | Michael IX Paleologus, Byzantine Emperor (1295-1320) | | | 1436 | Ludovico Colonna, Lord of Palestrina, General of Naples & the Holy Roman Church, assassinated by the Orsini | | | 1576 | Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (1564-76) | | | 1730 | King Frederik IV of Denmark and Norway (1699-1730) | | | 1833 | Dionisio Antonio Ribeiro, governor of Lourenço Marques, executed by order of King Dingane of the Zulu | | | 1870 | Robert E Lee, at 63 | | | 1915 | Edith L Cavell, nurse, executed by the Germans | | | 1946 | General Joseph "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell | | | 1990 | Rifaat Maghub, Egyptian politician, murdered | | 13 | 54 | Roman Emperor Claudius (41-54), mushroomed | | | 1093 | Count Robert I of Flanders | | | 1240 | Sultana Raziyya of Delhi (1236-1240), first female Moslem ruler | | | 1513 | Ermes Bentivoglio, Patrician of Bologna, kia in Venetian service, and Sagromoro Visconti, Patrician of Milan, kia in French service, among many others, Battle of Olmo | | | 1660 | George Carew, regicide, hanged, drawn, & quartered | | | 1660 | King Charles X Gustaf of Sweden (1654-60) | | | 1795 | William Prescott, American Revolutionary soldier | | | 1812 | Maj. Gen. Sir Isaac Brock, kia, Queenstown Heights | | | 1815 | Joachim Murat, Marshal of France, sometime King of Naples (1808-15), executed at Pizzo | | | 1825 | King Maximilian I Josef of Bavaria | | | 1909 | Francisco Ferrer, Spanish anarchist, executed | | | 1915 | Charles Hamilton Sorley, 20, war poet (“All the Hills and Vales Along”), kia, Loos | | | 1990 | Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese diplomat, who refused a Nobel Peace Prize (1975) | | | 2000 | Gus Hall, USN veteran, CPUSA President (1959-2000), still believing, at 90 | | | 2002 | Stephen Ambrose, historian ("Citizen Soldiers") | | 14 | 1066 | King Harold of English, kia, Hastings | | | 1317 | Malatesta II – Malatestino – Lord of Rimini (1312-1317), condottiero, at 75+ | | | 1362 | Ugolino Gonzaga, Lord of Luzzara, Condottiero, assassinated by his brother | | | 1536 | Garcilaso de la Vega, Spanish soldier-poet, c. 35, 25 days after being wounded at Le Muy, France | | | 1753 | James Keith, Jacobite adventurer, Prussian Generalfeldmarschal, kia Hochkirchen | | | 1944 | Erwin Rommel, forced suicide at 52 | | | 1983 | Sgt Allen Soifert, USMC, peacekeeper, sniper in Beirut | | | 2002 | Norbert Schultze, tunesmith ("Lili Marlene"), at 91. | | 15 | 961 | Caliph 'Abd ar-Rahman III of Spain | | | 1080 | Rudolf of Swabia, kia Saale | | | 1389 | Pope Urban VI - Bartolomeo Prignano of Itri (1378-1389) | | | 1591 | Pope Gregory XIV - Niccolo Spondrati (1590-1591) | | | 1820 | Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg, Austrian Field Marshal, at 49 | | | 1880 | Chirichaua Apache Chief Victorio, kia by Mexican troops | | | 1917 | GM Osmond Kelly Ingram, earning a Medal of Honor, USS Cassin | | | 1917 | Mata Hari, shot as a spy by the French | | | 1934 | Pres Raymond Poincare of France (1913-20), at 74 | | | 1941 | Nina Iakivska, aged 10, shot by the Germans for giving bread to Soviet prisoners-of-war, Zhytomyr, Ukraine | | | 1945 | Pierre Laval, shot as a traitor by the French, at 62 | | | 1946 | Herman Goring, Nazi criminal, suicide to cheat the hangman | | 16 | 1323 | Count Amadeo V "the Great" of Savoy, at 74 | | | 1680 | Raimondo, Count of Montecucculi, Imperial Field Marshal, at c. 72 | | | 1793 | Queen Marie Antoinette of France, guillotined | | | 1796 | King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia | | | 1946 | Alfred Rosenberg, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Fritz Sauckel, Hans Franc, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Julius Streicher, Wilhelm Frick, & Wilhelm Keitel, Nazi criminals, hanged | | | 1959 | General of the Army George C Marshall, Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Peace Nobelist (1953), at 78 | | | 1981 | Moshe Dayan, Israeli general, Minister of Defense, at 66 | | | 2005 | William Allan, last Australian combat veteran of WW I, at 106 | | 17 | 1312 | Duke Jan II of Brabant and Limburg | | | 1586 | Sir Philip Sidney, of wounds | | | 1587 | Grand Duke Franncesco I de’Medici of Florence & his wife Bianca Cappello, poisoned by his brother, Cardinal Ferdinando I de' Medici, for the throne | | | 1605 | Akbar, First Moghul Emperor of India (1566-1605), at 62 | | | 1702 | Count Walraad "the Old" of Nassau-Usingen | | | 1806 | Emperor Jean Jacques Dessalines of Haiti | | | 1893 | Marie MacMahon, Marshal of France, President (1873-1879) | | | 1910 | Julia Ward Howe, poet ("Battle Hymn of Republic"), at 91 | | | 1920 | Gen Gerard Leman, Defender of Liege in 1914 | | | 1967 | Terry de la Mesa Allen, Jr., CDR, 2-28th Inf, kia Vietnam | | 18 | 31 | Praetorian Praefect Lucius Aelius Seianus, c. 35, executed for conspiracy by Tiberius | | | 33 | Agrippina, widow of Germanicus, self-starvation. | | | 707 | Pope John VII (705-707) | | | 1216 | King John of England (1199-1216), Signer of Magna Charta | | | 1417 | Pope Gregory XII - Angelo Corrario (1406-1417) | | | 1439 | Cristoforo Gaetani dell'Aquila, Count of Fondi, Baron of Itri, kia, besieging Naples | | | 1503 | Pope Pius III - Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (22 Sep-18 Oct 1503) | | | 1676 | Nathaniel Bacon, Virginian rebel, killed at 29 | | | 1708 | Henry of Nassau, Constable and Field Marshal of the Netherlands | | 19 | 1187 | Pope Urban III - Uberto Crivelli (1185-1187) | | | 1813 | Marshal of France Josef Poniatowski, drowned at Leipzig | | | 1863 | John Tommy, of wounds from Gettysburg: first Chinese-American to die for his country | | | 1921 | Premier Antonio Granjo of Portugal, murdered | | 20 | 1139 | Duke Henry X of Bavaria (1126-38) | | | 1268 | Conradin von Hohenstaufen, heir-presumptive to the throne of Naples, beheaded at 16 by the Angevins | | | 1538 | Francesco Maria della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, Condottiero, poisoned at Perugia at 48 | | | 1740 | HRE Charles VI (1711-40), leaving a mess for Maria Teresa | | 21 | 1422 | King Charles VI of France (1380-1422), at 54 | | | 1805 | Horatio Nelson | | | 1943 | Alfred Dudley Pound, First Sea Lord | | 22 | 741 | King Charles Martel of the Franks, Savior of Europe, at 63 | | | 1383 | King Ferdinand I "the Wise" of Portugal | | | 1494 | Duke Gian Galeazzo II Maria Sforza of Milan (1476-1494), at 25, possibly done in by his uncle Ludovico, who succeeded him | | | 1735 | Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough, 77, commander of English forces in Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession | | | 1909 | General Wilhelm Lorenz Sigismund von Schlichting, student of the great Motlke, mlitary reformer, passed over by Kaiser Wilhelm , at 70 | | | 2002 | Samuel L. Gravely, Jr. – first black American admiral, at 80. | | | 5032 | BC Demosthenes, Athenian orator & politician, in exile on Calauria | | | 5115 | King Stephen of England, at Canterbury | | 23 | 42 | BC Marcus Junius Brutus, suicide following his defeat at Second Philippii | | | 524 | Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severinus Boethius, executed by Theodoric [or maybe 525] | | | 1404 | Paolo Colleoni, Lord of Solza & Chignolo, Condottiero, murdered by his cousins Giovanni & Paolo | | | 1468 | Bianca Maria Visconti, only child of Duke Filippo Maria Visconti of Milan, wife to Francesco Sforza, at 43 | | | 1842 | Bernardo O'Higgins, sometime "Dictator Supreme" of Chile | | | 1910 | King Rama V Chulalongkon of Thailand (1868-1910), at 57 | | | 2002 | Lady Elizabeth Longford, historian ("Wellington") | | 24 | 996 | King Hugh Capet of France (987-96) | | | 1537 | Jane Seymour, Mrs. Henry VIII No. 3, 12 days after giving birth to Edward VI | | | 1945 | Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian quisling, executed | | | 1972 | Jackie Robinson, veteran, at 53 | | | 1975 | Ismail Erez, Turkish ambassador, car bomb in Paris | | | 2003 | Soong May-ling, Mdm. Chaing Kai-shek, at 105 | | 25 | 322 | BC Demosthenes, Athenian orator & politician, in exile on Calauria [or 25th] | | | 625 | Consecration of Pope Boniface IV (619-625) | | | 1047 | King Magnus I of Norway and Denmark (1035-47) | | | 1154 | Stephan of Blois, King of England (1135-54) | | | 1400 | Geoffrey Chaucer, soldier, diplomat, courtier, author ("Canterbury Tales"), at about 57 | | | 1415 | The Duke of Alencon, the Duke of Brabant, Count Philip de Nevers, Duke Robert of Bar, & some 6,000 other French, plus c. 500 English & Welch, kia, Agincourt | | | 1495 | King João II of Portugal (1481-95) | | | 1760 | King George II of Great Britain, Victor of Dettingen | | | 1920 | King Alexander of Greece, septicemia from a monkey bite | | | 1991 | Gene Roddenberry, sometime B-17 pilot, at 70 | | 26 | 82 | Appius Claudius, kia, the Colline Gate | | | 82 | Pontius Telesinus, Samnite Commander, kia, the Colline Gate | | | 899 | King Alfred "the Great" of Wessex (871-99) | | | 1235 | King Andres II Arpad of Hungary (1205-35) | | | 1440 | Giles de Rais, Marshal of France, executed at 36 for murdering hundreds of children | | | 1864 | 'Bloody' Bill Anderson, ambushed by Union troops near Richmond, Miss | | | 1871 | Maj. Gen. Robert Anderson, the Defender of Ft. Sumter | | | 1909 | Prince Hirobumi Ito, Japanese Viceroy of Korea, assassinated | | | 1972 | Igor Sikorsky, Russian-American aviation pioneer, at 83 | | | 1979 | ROK President Park Chung-hee, murdered by the head of the Korean CIA | | 27 | 939 | King Athelstan of England (924-939), at about 45 | | | 1505 | Tsar Ivan III of Russia (1462-1505) | | | 1652 | Count Henry of Nassau-Siegen | | | 1659 | Wm. Robinson and Marmaduke Stevenson, hanged in Boston for Quakerism | | | 1962 | Rudolph Anderson, U-2 pilot, shot down over Cuba | | | 1990 | Elliott Roosevelt, sometime Brig. Gen., USAAF, at 80 | | 28 | 312 | Roman Emperor Maxentius (306-312), drowned at the Milvian Bridge | | | 1999 | Rafael Alberti, Spanish war poet, at 96 | | 29 | 1298 | Count Guido I of Montefeltro (1255-66, 1282-83, 1293-96), Lord of Cesena, Forlì, Senigallia, Jesi, & the Guelf Romagna (1282-93), Lord of Pisa (1289-93), monk (1296-1298) | | | 1321 | King Stefan VI of Serbia (1282-1321) | | | 1618 | Sir Walter Raleigh, beheaded, allegedly for treason | | | 1665 | King Antonio I of Kongo, beheaded by the Portuguese | | | 1885 | George B McClellan, Maj Gen, U.S., at 58 | | | 1950 | King Gustav V of Sweden, at 92 | | | 1965 | Mehdi Am Barka, Moroccan socialist, murdered in Paris | | 30 | 130 | Antinous, eromenos to Hadrian, drowned in the Nile at about 20 | | | 298 | Marcellus the Centurion, Martyred at Tangier as a Christian | | | 1611 | King Charles IX of Sweden (1604-11) | | | 1757 | Sultan Osman III of Turkey (1754-57) | | | 1816 | King Frederik I of Wurttemberg (1806-16) | | | 1910 | Henri Dunant, Founder of the Red Cross | | | 1932 | Field Marshal Paul Methuen, at 87 | | | 2005 | Gordon A. Craig, historian (“The Politics of the Prussian Army“), at 91 | | 31 | 1448 | Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaeologus | | | 1732 | King Victor Amadeus I of Sardinia | | | 1851 | Prince-Bishop Peter II Petrovic Njegos of Montenegro (1830-51), at 37 | | | 1918 | Stephen Tisza, Hungarian premier, assassinated | | | 1964 | Theodore C Freeman, astronaut, at 34, T-38 crash | | | 1984 | Premier Indira Gandhi of India, assassinated by two Sikh bodyguards | | | 1991 | Joseph Papp, sailor, producer, of cancer at 70 |
Event
| 0 | 1128 | Battle of the Col de Panissars: Peter III of Aragón defeats Philip III of France | | 1 | 45 | BC Caesar’s fifth Triumph, for the defeat of the Pompeians at Munda | | | 331 | BC Alexander the Great trounces the Persians at Gaugamela | | | 670 | BC The Battle of the Horatii and the Curiatii | | | 965 | Accession of Pope John XIII (965-972) | | | 1040 | Conan II succeeds his father, Alain III, as Duke of Brittany (1040-1066) | | | 1496 | Battle of Eboli: The French defeat the Neapolitans | | | 1756 | Battle of Lobositz: Prussians defeat the Austrians | | | 1800 | Spain cedes Louisiana to France by secret treaty | | | 1800 | U.S. Schooner Experiment captures French Schooner Diana. | | | 1835 | Battle of Guadalupe Ford: Texians defeat the Mexicans | | | 1837 | U.S treaty with Winnebago Indians | | | 1850 | Moslems massacre Christians at Aleppo, Syria | | | 1860 | Battle of the Volturno: Garibaldi defeats the Neapolitan Royalists | | | 1863 | Russian fleet arrives to winter in New York | | | 1864 | Lincoln hires John Staples as a "substitute" to encourage recruiting | | | 1868 | King Rama V Chulalongkorn succeeds to the throne of Siam, d. 1910 | | | 1880 | John Philip Sousa becomes director of the Marine Corps Band | | | 1898 | Tsar Nicholas II orders Jews expelled from some Russian cities | | | 1918 | British & Arab forces liberate Damascus from the Turks | | | 1919 | “Hoop Spur Church” Massacre, Elaine, Arkansas: White racists initiate a three-day pogrom against alleged “black insurrectionists,” a few whites, over 100 blacks slain, some by federal troops | | | 1932 | Sir Oswald Mosley forms the British Union of Fascists | | | 1935 | Germany bans jazz and other "Negro" and "Jewish" music; | | | 1936 | Francisco Franco named leader of Spanish Nationalists | | | 1938 | Munich Conference ends in the German annexation of the Sudetenland | | | 1939 | Churchill says the USSR "is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma” | | | 1941 | Royal New Zealand Navy formed | | | 1942 | Italian blockade runner Orseolo departs Bordeaux for Kobe | | | 1942 | Maiden flight of the Bell P-59 Airacomet, 1st US jet | | | 1943 | Allied forces liberate Naples | | | 1945 | US Army discharges MSGT Joe Louis | | | 1949 | Mao Tse-tung proclaims the People's Republic of China | | | 1950 | ROK troops advance northwards across the 38th Parallel | | | 1951 | Black 24th Infantry, falsely accused of cowardice, is deactivated; restored 1991 | | | 1955 | USS Forrestal (CVA-59) commissioned, the first supercarrier | | | 1957 | B-52 bombers begin full-time flying alert in case of USSR attack | | | 1958 | Elvis arrives by ship in Bremerhaven, bound for Ray Caserne in Friedberg | | | 1958 | NASA is formed | | | 1958 | Vanguard Project transferred from the USN to NASA | | | 1980 | Cosmonauts Ryumin & Popov break space endurance record of 176 days | | | 1992 | USS Saratoga (CV-60) accidentally fires missiles at a Turkish destroyer in the Aegean, 5 die | | | 2008 | US Africa Command (AFRICOM) established | | 2 | 48 | BC Caesar arrives at Alexandria | | | 1187 | Saladin captures Jerusalem, ending 83 years of Christian rule | | | 1263 | Battle of Largs, Ayrshire: Scots defeat King Haakon IV of Norway | | | 1341 | Battle of San Quirico: The Pisans defeat the Florentines | | | 1569 | Battle of Montcontour: French Catholics defeat the Huguenots | | | 1799 | The Duke of York captures Alkmaar in the Netherlands | | | 1799 | Washington Navy Yard established | | | 1864 | Battle of Saltville, Va: Confederates slaughter black p/ws | | | 1870 | Italy annexes the Papal States, makes Rome its capital | | | 1901 | Royal Navy launches its first submarine, at Barrow | | | 1939 | The OAS establishes a neutrality zone around the Western Hemisphere | | | 1941 | Germans undertake “Operation Typhoon,” an all-out drive on Moscow | | | 1941 | Six Parisian synagogues are bombed | | | 1942 | Rabaul: U.S. air raid damages CL Yubari and other shipping | | | 1942 | RMS Queen Mary slices CL Curacao in half, 338 die | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Australian 20th Brigade secures Finschhafen | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Ro-103 sinks DD Henley off Finschhafen | | | 1943 | Solomons: Japanese troops evacuate Kolombangara | | | 1944 | Polish "Warsaw Uprising" suppressed by the Nazis | | | 1949 | USSR recognizes People's Republic of China | | | 1998 | Large Turkish force raids Kurdish areas of Iraq | | 3 | 1430 | Jews are expelled from Eger, Bohemia | | | 1569 | Battle of Moncontour: Defeat of the Huguenots near Paris | | | 1574 | Relief of Leiden: William of Orange breaches the dykes to lift a long Spanish siege | | | 1707 | Last Spanish troops in Naples surrender to Austrian Marshal Daun | | | 1860 | Piedmontese-Italian Army invades Naples | | | 1861 | Combat at Greenbriar, WVa | | | 1862 | Battle of Corinth: Rosecrans's Yanks defeat Van Dorn's Rebs (to Oct 4) | | | 1863 | Lincoln designates the last Thursday in November as "Thanksgiving Day" | | | 1865 | Self-Proclaimed “Emperor” Maximilian of Mexico issues the “Black Decree” - anyone found fighting against him shall be executed. | | | 1895 | Publication of Stephen Crane's "The Red Badge of Courage" | | | 1904 | France and Spain sign a treaty to divide Morocco | | | 1918 | Boris III becomes Tsar of Bulgaria (1918-1943) | | | 1921 | The Unknown Soldier sails from France aboard USS Olympia | | | 1928 | French submarine Ondine sinks, 42 die | | | 1929 | Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, & Slovenes renamed Yugoslavia | | | 1932 | Iraq gains independence from Britain, joins League of Nations | | | 1935 | Italy invades Ethiopia | | | 1942 | Aleutians: US troops occupy the Andreanof Islands | | | 1943 | Central China: the Japanese begin major a "rice" offensive | | | 1943 | Kolombangara: 9,500 Japanese troops complete evacuation | | | 1952 | Britain explodes its first atom bomb, the Montebello Islands, Australia | | | 1955 | Former marine Bob Keeshan's "Captain Kangaroo" airs, runs 29 years | | | 1955 | Soviet BB Novorossiisk (ex-Giulio Cesare) mined in the Baltic, many die | | | 1985 | 21st Shuttle Mission: Atlantis on the first all-military space flight | | | 1986 | Soviet Yankee-class sub sinks off North Carolina, 3 die | | | 1989 | Panamanian Defense Force attempts a coup against Manuel Noriega | | | 1990 | East Germany & West Germany merge to become Germany | | | 2333 | BC Tangun establishes the Kingdom of Chosun | | 4 | 0 | Feast of St. Francis of Assisi, sometime soldier and prisoner-of-war | | | 1189 | Siege of Acre: Crusaders defeat an Ayyubid assault | | | 1636 | Battle of Wittsok: Swedes defeat the Imperialists | | | 1674 | Battle of Enzheim: French defeat the Imperialists | | | 1693 | Battle of Marsiglia: The French defeat the Savoyards | | | 1775 | Continental Army Chief Surgeon Benjamin Church convicted of espionage | | | 1777 | Battle of Germantown: Washington almost wins | | | 1821 | First USN squadron sails for anti-slavery patrol off Africa | | | 1824 | Emperor Iturbide overthrown, as Mexico becomes a republic | | | 1830 | Belgian Provisional Government secedes from the Netherlands | | | 1861 | Combat at Alamoosa/Ft. Craig, NM | | | 1861 | Combat at Buffalo Hill, Ky | | | 1862 | Battle of Corinth ends (from Oct 3) | | | 1910 | Portugal becomes a republic, as King Manuel II flees to England | | | 1939 | Last Polish troops surrender to the Germans | | | 1940 | Hitler and Mussolini confer at the Brenner Pass | | | 1942 | US sub sinks Japanese merchantman Setsuyo Maru east of Tokyo; Since Dec 7, '41 Japan has lost 700,000 grt | | | 1943 | Corsica liberated by Free French troops | | | 1944 | USS Ranger a/c raid German bases in Norway, sink or damage 8 ships | | | 1957 | USSR orbits Sputnik I - the "Space Race" begins | | | 1962 | USAF Maj Robert A Rushworth takes X-15 to 32,300 m | | 5 | 266 | BC Triumph of N. Fabius Pictor for the defeat of the Umbrians | | | 610 | Hercalius becomes Roman Emperor (610-641) | | | 1450 | Ludwig IX expels the Jews from Lower Bavaria | | | 1496 | Federigo I becomes King of Naples (1496-1501) | | | 1556 | English storm Zutphen, in the Netherlands | | | 1689 | Pietro Ottoboni elected Pope as Alexander VIII (1689-91), b. 1610 | | | 1813 | Battle of the Thames, Ont: Wm Henry Harrison defeats the British & Indians | | | 1862 | Battle of Big Hatchie River, Ms | | | 1863 | CSS David damages USS New Ironsides with a spar torpedo off Charleston | | | 1864 | Battle of Allatoona | | | 1877 | Chief Joseph says "I will fight no more forever." | | | 1908 | Bulgaria declares independence from Turkey under Tsar Ferdinand I | | | 1911 | Italian troops attack Tripoli | | | 1913 | USN initiates trials of an amphibian flying boat | | | 1930 | British airship crashes in storm at Beauvais, France, 48 die | | | 1943 | US aircraft & ships raid Japanese positions on Wake Is | | | 1943 | US civilians imprisoned on Wake executed by the Japanese | | | 1969 | Cuban defector flies an MiG-17 undetected to Homestead Air Force Base, Fla | | | 1970 | Quebec separatists kidnap British trade commissioner James Cross | | | 1981 | Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg is made an honorary American citizen | | | 1983 | Lech Walesa wins the Nobel Peace Prize | | | 1986 | The London Times reports Israel is stocking nuclear arms | | | 1989 | The Dalai Lama is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize | | 6 | 64 | BC Battle of Tigranocerta: Lucullus defeates Tigranes of Armenia | | | 105 | BC Battle of Arausio: the Teutones & Cimbri defeat two Roman armies | | | 891 | Election of Pope Formosus (891-896) | | | 1582 | Gregorian calendar goes into effect in Italy, Poland, Portugal, & Spain; Oct 6th becomes Oct 15th | | | 1759 | Carlo IV abdicates the throne of Naples to become Carlos III of Spain, leaving his younger son Ferdinand IV to become King of Naples (1759-1825) | | | 1777 | George Washington returns a British general's dog, "captured" at Germantown | | | 1781 | Americans & French begin siege of Cornwallis at Yorktown | | | 1854 | Great fire of Newcastle/Gateshead, UK: 53 die, hundreds injured. | | | 1884 | Naval War College opens, in a former poor house at Newport, RI | | | 1908 | Austria annexes Bosnia & Herzegovina, occupied since 1878 | | | 1922 | Allies end occupation of Constantinople | | | 1928 | Chiang Kai-Shek becomes Chairman of the KMT. | | | 1935 | Italian army captures Adua, Abyssinia | | | 1939 | Hitler announces he had no intention of making war on Britain and France | | | 1943 | Battle of Vella Lavella: USN & IJN tangle, both lose a DD | | | 1943 | Himmler demands acceleration of the "Final Solution" | | | 1944 | Soviet troops enter Hungary and Czechoslovakia | | | 1944 | U.S. troops secure Anguar, but mopping up continues. | | | 1949 | Iva Toguri “Tokyo Rose” D'Aquino is sentenced to 10 years & fined $10,000 | | | 1951 | Stalin announces Russia has the atom bomb | | | 1958 | SSN Seawolf remains under the polar ice for 60 days | | | 1961 | JFK advises Americans to build bomb shelters | | | 1973 | Syria & Egypt attack Israel, initiating the “Yom Kippur War” | | | 1987 | Coup by Maj Gen Sitiveni Rabuka declares Fiji a republic | | | 2002 | French tanker Limburg is attacked by terrorists off Yemen | | 7 | 316 | Battle of Cibalae: Constantine defeats Licinius, supposedly with divine aid | | | 732 | Battle of Poitiers: The Franks defeat the Arabs | | | 1502 | Cesare Borgia meets with Macchiavelli, the Florentine Ambassador, and Leonardo, his military engineer at Imola | | | 1513 | Battle of La Motta/Schio/Vicenza: Heavily outnumbered Spaniards defeat the Venetians | | | 1571 | Battle of Lepanto: Turkish fleet defeated by an Italo-Spanish fleet | | | 1683 | First Battle of Barkam: Poles & Imperialists defeat the Turks | | | 1690 | English attack on Quebec fails | | | 1759 | Ex-King Carlo IV sails from Naples to become Carlos III of Spain | | | 1777 | Second Battle of Saratoga (Bemis Heights): Americans win | | | 1780 | Battle of King’s Mountain: Tories defeated by Patriot militia | | | 1864 | Bahia, Brazil: USS Wachusett “accidentally” disables CSS Florida | | | 1864 | Battle of Darbytown Road, VA | | | 1908 | Cretan revolt against the Turks | | | 1908 | Serbia & Montenegro form an alliance against Austria-Hungary | | | 1916 | Lance Cpl Adolf Hitler is wounded during the Battle of the Somme | | | 1926 | Italian Fascist Grand Council meets for the first time | | | 1935 | Il Duce confers with J.F.C. Fuller in the Palazzo Venezia | | | 1943 | U.S. carriers and cruisers raid Wake Island | | | 1944 | Uprising at Birkenau concentration camp | | | 1944 | US a/c from Morotai begin raids on Japanese in the Philippines. | | | 1949 | Soviets establish the German Democratic Republic | | | 1955 | Supercarrier Saratoga (CV-60) is launched at the Brooklyn Navy Yard | | | 1985 | PLO terrorists seize Italian cruise liner Achille Lauro | | | 1990 | Gulf War: Israel begins handing out gas masks to its citizens | | | 2001 | US & Allies initiate war in Afghanistan after the Taliban refuses to surrender Osama bin Laden | | | 3761 | BC Creation of the world by the Jewish chronology | | 8 | 876 | Battle of Andernach: The Germans defeat King Charles II "the Bald" of France | | | 1085 | Consecration of St Mark's Cathedral in Venice | | | 1600 | San Marino adopts a written constitution, after 1200 years of independence | | | 1652 | Battle of Kentish Knock: Blake’s English fleet defeats de Witt’s Dutch off Dover | | | 1812 | Lt. Jesse D. Elliott cuts out HMSs Detroit & Caledonia, in the Niagara River | | | 1827 | Naval Battle of Navarino: Allies defeat the Ottomans | | | 1862 | Battle of Perryville: Confederate invasion of Kentucky halted | | | 1863 | Britain seizes the "Laird Rams," illicitly building for the Confederacy | | | 1871 | Forest fire begins in Peshtigo, Wisc, c. 1100 die | | | 1871 | Great Chicago Fire begins, c. 250 die | | | 1879 | War of the Pacific, Battle of Punta Angamos: Chilean squadron defeats Peruvian ironclad Huascar | | | 1912 | First Balkan War: Montenegro declares war on Turkey | | | 1916 | Eighth Battle of the Isonzo begins (to Oct 10) | | | 1916 | U-53 sinks five ships off Nantucket | | | 1917 | Trotsky named chairman of the Petrograd Soviet | | | 1918 | Sgt Alvin York captures “the whole damned German Army” | | | 1940 | German troops enter Romania | | | 1941 | Germans capture Mariupol, Russia | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal: Battle on the Matanikau – Marines halt the Japanese | | | 1952 | Chinese offensive in Korea | | | 1990 | Israeli police kill 17 Palestinian rioters | | | 1998 | Taliban forces from Afghanistan raid Iranian border posts | | 9 | 0 | Roman observances in honour of Venus Victrix – “Venus the Victor” | | | 1000 | Leif Eriksson “Discovers” America [three days “before” Columbus] | | | 1502 | Cesare Borgia captures Pergola | | | 1683 | Second Battle of Barkam: Poles & Imperialists defeat the Turks | | | 1708 | Battle of Liesna: Russians defeat the Swedes | | | 1779 | Luddite Riots begin in Manchester | | | 1835 | Texians occupy Goliad | | | 1861 | Combat at Santa Rosa, Fl | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Hillsborough, Ky | | | 1864 | Battle of Fisher's Hill | | | 1864 | Cavalry Action at Tom’s Brook, Va: Yanks edge Rebs | | | 1867 | “Empress” Carlotta of Mexico is declared insane | | | 1895 | Battle of Debra Aial: Italians defeat the Abyssinians | | | 1914 | Germans capture Antwerp, as Belgians & British withdraw | | | 1915 | Belgrade surrenders to Austro-German forces | | | 1930 | Laura Ingalls completes the first trans-US flight by a woman | | | 1940 | The Blitz: St. Paul’s Cathedral is damaged | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal: Japanese destroyers land elms 2nd Div. | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal: Marines encircle Japanese 4th Inf Regt | | | 1944 | Elms Third Fleet shell Marcus Island. | | | 1944 | German occupiers turn off the electricity in Amsterdam | | | 1945 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz | | | 1962 | Algerian-Moroccan border fighting, 130 die | | | 1962 | NASA pilot John B McKay takes X-15 to 39,200 m | | | 1963 | French air force gets nuclear weapons | | | 1975 | Andrei Sakharov, Soviet bomb-maker, awarded the Nobel Peace Prize | | | 1983 | Four ROK cabinet ministers assassinated in Rangoon, by North Koreans | | | 1990 | Saddam Hussein threatens to hit Israel with a new missile | | 10 | 680 | Battle of Kerbala: Shia Imam Huseyn Ali is defeated by the Caliph Yazid I ibn Muawiyah | | | 732 | Battle of Tours/Poitiers: Franks defeat Moslem invaders | | | 769 | Ancient Icon of the Madonna is installed at the Santuario della Civitate, Itri | | | 881 | Arab raiders destroy the Monastery of San Vincenzo al Volturno | | | 1471 | Battle of Brunkeberg, Stockholm | | | 1500 | Pandolfo Malatesta surrenders Rimini to Cesare Borgia | | | 1547 | Battle of Pinkie: English defeat the Scots | | | 1571 | Battle of Tillyangus: Clan Gordon defeats Clan Forbes | | | 1573 | Spanish capture Tunis | | | 1578 | Count Johan Casimir occupies Ghent with 500 horsemen | | | 1739 | War of Jenkins' Ear begins: Britain against Spain | | | 1794 | Austro-Russian Army crushes Kosciuzko's Polish liberation army | | | 1800 | “Conspiracy of the Daggers” to murder Napleon uncovered in France | | | 1806 | Battle of Saalfeld: French defeat the Prussians | | | 1868 | Cuban revolt begins ten year war with Spain | | | 1905 | Ens Ernest J. King weds Martha L. Egerton, in the Cadet Chapel at West Point! | | | 1911 | Republican revolution in China overthrows the Manchu | | | 1914 | Belgians evacuate Antwerp | | | 1916 | Eighth Battle of the Isonzo ends (from Oct 8) | | | 1918 | Allenby enters Jerusalem | | | 1920 | Italy annexes South Tirol (Alto Adige) | | | 1935 | League of Nations denounces Italian invasion of Abyssinia | | | 1944 | 17 US carriers raid the Ryukyus | | | 1944 | Over 800 Gypsy children are murdered at Auschwitz | | | 1944 | Soviet forces isolate Germans in the Baltic States | | | 1962 | Federal troops secure entry of black veteran James Meredith to "Ole Miss" | | | 1988 | Mikhail Gorbachev becomes President of the USSR | | 11 | 1399 | King Henry IV of England founds the Order of the Bath | | | 1427 | Battle of Maclodio: Carmagnola’s Venetians defeat the Milanese under Carlo Malatesta | | | 1502 | Vitellozzo Vitelli betrays Cesare Borgia and seizes Castel Durante | | | 1669 | Peter the Great becomes tsar of Russia | | | 1776 | Battle of Valcour I.: American squadron under Benedict Arnold halts the British on Lake Champlain | | | 1797 | Royal Navy defeats the Dutch off Camperdown | | | 1811 | Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos: Lord Hill's Anglo-Spanish forces rout the French | | | 1860 | The Irish 69th NY Militia refuses to parade for the Prince of Wales. | | | 1861 | Battle of Dumfries/Quantico Creek, Va | | | 1862 | J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry sacks Chambersburg, Pa. | | | 1899 | Responding to an ultimatum from both the Transvaal and Orange Free State, Britain declares war on the Boers. | | | 1915 | Bulgarians begin offensive against Serbia | | | 1922 | Turkey & Greece sign ceasefire | | | 1942 | Battle of Cape Esperance: US cruisers and destroyers ambush the "Tokyo Express" | | | 1943 | US sub Wahoo sunk by Japanese aircraft in La Perouse Strait. | | | 1944 | Japan announces it will "fight to the last man, woman, child, weapon, and piece of equipment." | | | 1945 | Chinese civil war begins: Chiang Kai-Shek vs. Mao Tse-Tung | | | 1961 | USAF Major Robert M White takes X-15 to 66,100 m | | | 1968 | Apollo 7 (Schirra, Eisele & Cunningham) complete 163 orbits in 260 hours | | | 1982 | English warship Mary Rose, sunk since 1545, raised, Portsmouth | | 12 | 166 | Triumph of the Emperor Lucius Verus for victories in the East | | | 1285 | Munich: 180 Jews are burned for refusing baptism | | | 1459 | Battle of Ludford Bridge: King Henry VI defeats Richard of York | | | 1502 | Gianpaolo Baglioni betrays Cesare Borgia and seizes Cagli. | | | 1534 | Alessandro Farnese elected Pope as Paul III (1534-1549) | | | 1643 | Castro War: Battle of Perugia - Papal forces defeat the Tuscans, who retreat | | | 1722 | Isfahan falls to Mir Mahmoud of Afghanistan, after a 7 month siege | | | 1776 | British troops begin guarding Throgg's Neck Road, the Bronx | | | 1798 | Ali Pasha of Albania takes Preveza, massacring the men and enlsaving the women and children | | | 1851 | New York's Irish 69th Militia is formed | | | 1860 | British & French troops capture Peking | | | 1861 | Confederate ram Manassas attacks USS Richmond on the Mississippi | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Bayless Cross Roads, La | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Cameron, Mo | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Upton Hill, Ky | | | 1862 | JEB Stuart completes his "Second ride around McClellan" | | | 1862 | Maj Gen Earl Van Dorn takes over CSA troops in Mississippi | | | 1914 | First Battle of Ypres begins | | | 1914 | Off Easter Island, Graf Spee concentrates the greatest German naval squadron ever seen outside the North & Baltic Seas; 2 armored cruisers, 7 protected cruisers, 3 colliers | | | 1942 | Japanese sub enters the Gulf of Oman. | | | 1942 | US aircraft sink two Japanese destroyers near Guadalcanal | | | 1943 | Fifth Air Force begins a series of air raids on Rabaul. | | | 1944 | German army withdraws from Athens | | | 1944 | US carriers raid Formosa, to destroy Japanese air power in the area. | | | 1960 | Nikita Khrushchev pounds a shoe on his desk in the General Assembly | | | 1972 | Race riot aboard CV Kitty Hawk, 46 injured | | | 1984 | Unsuccessful IRA attempt to assassinate PM Margaret Thatcher, 5 die | | | 2000 | Islamist terrorists bomb the USS Cole at Aden, 17 die, c. 40 wounded | | | 2002 | Islamist terrorists bomb a nightclub in Bali, 180 die, c. 300 injured | | 13 | 51 | BC Battle of Amanaus: Cicero defeats the Isaurians | | | 539 | BC Cyrus the Great of Persia captures Babylon [Alt] | | | 1213 | Battle of Steppes: Liege defeats Brabant | | | 1307 | Simultaneous arrest of all Knights Templar in France – the original “Friday the Thirteenth” | | | 1513 | Battle of Olmo: Spanish defeat the French & Venetians | | | 1775 | Congress establishes the Continental Navy | | | 1812 | Battle of Queenstown Height: British/Canadians defeat the Americans | | | 1861 | Combat at Henrytown/West Glaze, Mo | | | 1861 | Combat at Lime Creek, Mo | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Beckwith Farm/Bird's Point | | | 1864 | Battle of Dalton, GA | | | 1864 | John Mosby raids Harpers Ferry | | | 1914 | Belgian government relocates to Le Havre, France | | | 1914 | Pro-German Boer insurrection in South Africa | | | 1917 | NYC Bd of Ed bars "German" music in schools | | | 1918 | Lance Cpl Adolf Hitler gassed near Ypres | | | 1924 | Abdul Aziz ibn Saud captures Mecca | | | 1942 | Japanese air, artillery, & naval bombardment of Marines on Guadalcanal | | | 1942 | U.S. DDs shell Japanese positions on Guadalcanal | | | 1943 | Italy declares war on former ally Germany | | | 1944 | Red Army liberates Riga from the Germans | | | 1944 | US carriers conduct a 2nd day of raids against Japanese installations on Formosa. | | | 1960 | Opponents of Fidel Castro executed in Cuba | | | 1964 | Brezhnev & Kosygin oust Khrushchev from Soviet leadership | | | 1987 | First operational use of dolphins by the US Navy, in the Persian Gulf | | 14 | 633 | Battle of Haethfelth: Kings Penda of Mercia & Cadwallon of Gwynedd defeat Edwin of Northumbria | | | 1066 | Battle of Hastings: William the Conqueror wins England | | | 1282 | Battle of Nicotera: Catalan fleet defeats the Angevins | | | 1431 | Battle of Waidhofen: The Hapsburgs defeat the Hussites | | | 1586 | Mary Queen of Scots tried for conspiracy against her cousin, Elizabeth of England | | | 1758 | Battle of Hochkirch: Austrian Marshal Daun defeats Frederick the Great | | | 1773 | Neapolitan frigate Etruria captures a Moroccan pirate off Sicily | | | 1805 | Battle of Elchingen: French defeat the Austrians | | | 1806 | Battle of Auerstadt: Davout's outnumbered French defeat the Prussians | | | 1806 | Battle of Jena: Napoleon's French defeat the Prussians | | | 1843 | British arrest Irish nationalist Daniel O'Connell for conspiracy | | | 1867 | 15th & last Tokugawa Shogun resigns in Japan | | | 1912 | Theodore Roosevelt wounded by an assassin, continues his speech anyway | | | 1920 | Part of Petsamo province ceded by Soviet Union to Finland | | | 1925 | Anti-French uprising in Damascus | | | 1933 | Nazi Germany announces withdrawal from League of Nations | | | 1941 | Adm Husband Kimmel warns of possible surprise attack on Pearl Harbor . . . . | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal: Japanese ships land reinforcements, shell Marines | | | 1942 | New Guinea: Heavy fighting, Templeton's Crossing, Kokoda Trail. | | | 1943 | Attempted mass escape from Sobibor Concentration Camp | | | 1943 | Fifth Air Force subjects Rabaul to a major air raid. | | | 1943 | US Air Force bombs Schweinfurt | | | 1944 | British troops enter Athens | | | 1944 | USN completes 3rd day of air strikes against Formosa. | | | 1947 | Chuck Yeager takes a Bell XS-1 on the first supersonic flight, to Mach 1.015 | | | 1949 | Chinese Red army occupies Canton | | | 1963 | Border clashes between Algeria and Morocco | | | 1964 | Martin Luther King Jr. awarded Nobel Peace Prize | | | 1965 | Joe Engle reaches 80 km in the X-15 | | | 1986 | Concentration camp survivor Elie Wiesel wins the Nobel Peace Prize | | 15 | 0 | Roman festival of the October Horse | | | 533 | Belisarius captures Carthage from the Vandals | | | 1080 | Battle of Saale: Rudolf of Swabia defeats Henry IV of Germany | | | 1575 | Battle of Dormans: French Catholics defeat the Huguenots | | | 1582 | In Catholic countries which have adopted the Gregorian Calendar, this is the day following Oct 6, 1582 | | | 1655 | Massacre of the Jews of Lublin, Poland | | | 1764 | Edward Gibbon decides to write "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" | | | 1860 | Grace Bedell, 11, suggests candidate Lincoln grow a beard | | | 1861 | Combat at Potosi/Big River Bridge, Mo | | | 1917 | USS Cassin (DD-43) torpedoed by German U-61 off Ireland. | | | 1935 | Germany activates three panzer divisions. | | | 1936 | Benito Mussolini (53) and Clara Petacci (24) become lovers | | | 1940 | Chaplin's "The Great Dictator" opens in New York. | | | 1940 | Italian sub Enrico Toti sinks a British sub in a gunfight off Libya | | | 1941 | Tojo becomes prime minister of Japan | | | 1942 | Japanese cruisers again shell Henderson Field, as 6 transports beach, to land reinforcements | | | 1942 | Zuikaku aircraft sink US DD Meredith off San Cristobal. | | | 1943 | Sir Andrew Cunningham is appointed First Sea Lord | | | 1944 | Peleliu secured: Japanese KIA c. 12,000, US over 1,200. | | | 1944 | Pro-Nazi coup in Hungary ousts Horthy government | | | 1969 | Vietnam Moratorium Day: nationwide war protest | | 16 | 1447 | Battle of Bosco Marengo: Bartolomeo Colleoni defeats the French | | | 1710 | British troops capture Port Royal, Nova Scotia, from the French | | | 1775 | Portland, Maine, burned by the British | | | 1808 | King Joachim Murat of Naples seizes Capri from King Ferdinand IV of Naples | | | 1813 | Battle of Leipzig, Day 1: Austrians, Russians, Prussians, concentrate on Napoleon | | | 1813 | Battle of Lindenau: French defeat the Austrians | | | 1834 | "Second" Great Fire of London burns much of the city, including Parliament | | | 1859 | John Brown’s “Raid” on Harper's Ferry | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Bolivar Heights, WVa | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Warsaw, Mo | | | 1863 | U.S. Grant is named commander of Union forces in the West | | | 1885 | Capt Alfred Thayer Mahan becomes Superintendent of the Naval War College | | | 1891 | Barroom riot at Valparaiso between US sailors & local civilians; 2 die, causing an international incident almost leading to war | | | 1918 | Carl I frees his subjects from their allegiance and declares the Austrian Empire dissolved | | | 1925 | Locarno Pact: European nations agree to accept boundaries as they are | | | 1926 | Chinese troop ship sinks in the Yangtze, c. 1,200 die | | | 1926 | Mohammed Nadir Khan begins coup in Afghanistan, c. 1,200 killed | | | 1940 | First black American promoted to general: Benjamin Oliver Davis, Sr. | | | 1940 | Nazis establish the Warsaw Ghetto | | | 1940 | WW II draft begins; #158 is drawn first | | | 1942 | USAAF sinks a Japanese destroyer near Kiska | | | 1943 | Anti-Jewish riot in Rome | | | 1943 | New Guinea: the Japanese begin major counterattacks at Finschhafen | | | 1943 | The Philippines are declared "independent under temporary Japanese supervision." | | | 1946 | Execution of the ten major Nazi leaders convicted at Nuremberg | | | 1953 | Batista regime sentences Fidel Castro to 15 years for rebellion | | | 1962 | Missile Crisis: JFK learns of Soviet missiles in Cuba | | | 1964 | China becomes world's fifth nuclear power | | | 1973 | Henry A Kissinger & Le Duc Tho are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize; the latter refuses it | | | 1978 | Karol Wojtyla elected Pope as John Paul II | | | 1990 | US forces in the Persian Gulf reach 200,000 | | 17 | 1346 | Battle of Durham: The English defeat the Scots | | | 1404 | Cosimo de' Migliorati elected Pope as Innocent VII (1404-1406) | | | 1483 | Pope Sixtus IV authorizes the Spanish Inquisition | | | 1651 | Battle of Worcester: defeated King Charles II tries to flee to France | | | 1739 | Cardinal Alberoni seizes San Marino in a coup (liberated Feb 1740) | | | 1777 | British General John Burgoyne surrenders at Saratoga | | | 1781 | British General Lord Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown | | | 1813 | Battle of Leipzig, Day 2: Austrians, Russians, Prussians, v. Napoleon | | | 1815 | Napoleon arrives at St Helena | | | 1835 | “Texas Rangers” are formed, to collect “stray cattle” to feed the Republic’s Army | | | 1860 | Battle of Isernia: Piedmontese defeat the Neapolians | | | 1861 | Skirmishing around Frederickstown/Ironton, Mo (to 21st) | | | 1862 | Battles of Leetown & Thoroughfare Gap, VA | | | 1870 | Leon Gambetta escapes the Prussian siege of Paris by balloon | | | 1894 | Ohio National Guard rescues a black man from a lynch mob, 3 whites killed | | | 1912 | First Balkan War: Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia exchange declarations with Turkey | | | 1916 | Battleship Arizona (BB-39) commissioned at the Brooklyn Navy Yard | | | 1917 | The British bomb Germany for the first time | | | 1922 | 1st US carrier take-off: Virgil C. Griffin in a VE-7SF off Langley | | | 1933 | Albert Einstein arrives in US, a refugee the Nazis | | | 1941 | U-568 damages USS Kearny (DD-432) near Iceland, 11 killed and 22 injured | | | 1942 | Papua: Heavy fighting at Eorea Creek on the Kokoda Trail | | | 1943 | Japanese recon plane from sub I-36 scouts Pearl Harbor | | | 1943 | Japanese recon plane from sub I-37 scouts Kilindini Harbor, Kenya | | | 1943 | New Guinea: 9th Australian Div beats off Japanese at Finschhafen | | | 1943 | US sub Tarpon sinks German raider Michel, Bonin Is | | | 1946 | Juan Peron becomes dictator of Argentina (1946-1955) | | | 1967 | Pete Knight reaches 85 km in X-15 | | | 1978 | Congress restores Jefferson Davis' citizenship | | | 1979 | Mother Teresa awarded the Nobel Peace Prize | | | 2001 | Anthrax is discovered in a Senate office building | | 18 | 1016 | Battle of Ashingdon/Assandun: Danes defeat the Saxons | | | 1080 | Battle of Dyrrhachium: Robert the Weasel defeats the Byzantines, and invests the city | | | 1244 | Battle of La Forbie: Ayyubids defeat the Kingdom of Jerusalem | | | 1469 | Ferdinand of Aragon marries Isabella of Castile, uniting Spain | | | 1685 | Louis XIV revokes the Edict of Nantes, outlaws Protestantism | | | 1748 | Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle: ends War of Austrian Succession | | | 1767 | The Mason-Dixon Line, between Maryland and Pennsylvania, agreed upon | | | 1776 | Col John Glover & the Marblehead Regiment fight the British in the Bronx | | | 1790 | Little Turtle begins attacks on Josiah Harmer's Army (See Oct 29) | | | 1812 | USS Wasp takes HMS Frolic off Virginia, but then strikes to HMS Poictiers, a 74 | | | 1813 | Battle of Leipzig, Day 3: Austrians, Russians, Prussians, v. Napoleon | | | 1862 | Morgan's raiders capture Federal garrison at Lexington, Ky | | | 1863 | Battle of Charlestown, WVa | | | 1867 | Alaska formally transferred from Russia to the US | | | 1870 | Prussians capture Chateaudun after a day-long fight with French volunteers | | | 1912 | Italo-Turkish War ends | | | 1913 | Austro-Hungarian C/S Conrad von Hotzendorf suggests a preemptive war on Serbia to Kaiser Wilhelm II, who says “I am with you.” | | | 1915 | Third Battle of the Isonzo begins (to Nov 4) | | | 1918 | Czechoslovakia declares independence from Austria-Hungary | | | 1925 | French Gen Sarrail begins three day bombardment of Damascus | | | 1941 | Russian spy Richard Sorge arrested in Tokyo | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal: US sub damages a "Tokyo Express" light cruiser | | | 1942 | VAdm Ghormley replaced by Halsey as SW Pacific commander | | | 1944 | Rangers begin landing on outlying islands in Leyte Gulf. | | | 1977 | German special forces storm a hijacked airliner in Somalia, 4 hijackers die, 86 hostages freed | | 19 | 0 | Roman Festival of the Armilustrium; weapons are ritually purified and stored for the winter | | | 63 | BC Cicero learns of Catiline’s Conspiracy | | | 125 | BC Initial date of the “Tyrean Calendar” | | | 202 | BC Battle of Zama: Scipio defeats Hannibal, ends the Second Punic War [Astron] | | | 439 | Genseric’s Vandals take Carthage from the Romans | | | 1298 | Murder of 140 Jews in Heilbron, Germany | | | 1448 | Second Battle of Kosovo: Ottomans defeat the Hungarians | | | 1453 | French capture Bordeaux from the English: The Hundred Years' War ends | | | 1466 | Second Peace of Thorn: Teutonic Knights submit to Polish sovereignty and cede Pomerania | | | 1540 | Battle of Mobile: de Soto’s Spaniards defeat the Choctaw | | | 1765 | Stamp Act Congress meets | | | 1812 | Napoleon begins his retreat from Moscow | | | 1813 | Battle of Leipzig, Day 4: Napoleon routed by the Austrians, Russians, & Prussians | | | 1818 | US & Chicasaw sign a treaty | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Big Hurricane Creek, Mo | | | 1863 | Battle of Buckland Mills, Va | | | 1864 | Battle of Cedar Creek: Phil Sheridan defeats Jubal Early | | | 1864 | Confederate raiders make surprise attack on St Albans, Vermont, are routed by local hunters | | | 1879 | William Tecumseh Sherman says "War is hell" | | | 1888 | Arabs attack Jewish settlement of Moshav Gederah | | | 1912 | Tripoli passes from Turkish to Italian control | | | 1915 | Russia and Italy declare war on Bulgaria | | | 1915 | USN establishes a submarine base at New London, Ct. | | | 1921 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for Marshal Armando V. Diaz | | | 1926 | Russian Politburo expels Trotsky & his followers | | | 1935 | Red Chinese "Long March" ends (from Oct 21, 1934) | | | 1950 | UN forces enter Pyongyang, capital of North Korea | | | 1951 | Pres Truman formally ends state of war with Germany | | | 1987 | US warships destroy Iranian oil platforms in Persian Gulf | | 20 | 480 | BC Battle of Salamis [Alt - unlikey] | | | 1097 | First Crusaders arrive in Antioch | | | 1494 | Brutal French sack of Mordano, Papal States | | | 1528 | Treaty of Gorinchem | | | 1587 | Battle of Coutras: Henry [IV] of Navarre defeats Henry III of France | | | 1740 | Maria Teresa becomes the ruler of Austria, Hungary, & Bohemia | | | 1824 | U.S. Schooner Porpoise captures four pirate ships off Cuba | | | 1883 | Treaty of Ancon: Peru cedes Tarapaca to Chile, ending the War of the Pacific (1879-1883) | | | 1936 | Spanish Republican government flees Madrid for Barcelona | | | 1940 | Nazis initiate rationing of cheese in the Netherlands | | | 1940 | U-Boat sinks liner Empress, carrying children from Britain to Canada, hundreds die; Goebbles claims the British did it | | | 1942 | Chinese troops begin flying over "the Hump" to train in India | | | 1942 | Papua: Aussie 16th Bde relieves 25th, on the Kokoda Trail | | | 1944 | MacArthur returns to the Philippines at Leyte, with 200,000 troops | | | 1944 | US First Army secures Aachen | | | 1944 | Yugoslav partisans liberate Belgrade and Dubrovnik | | | 1952 | Emergency proclaimed in Kenya due to Mau Mau rebellion | | | 1960 | Premiere of "G.I. Blues," staring SGT Elvis Presley | | | 1962 | Chinese Army occupied Ladakh, claimed by India | | | 1987 | Air Force jet crashes into a Ramada Inn near Indianapolis, 10 die | | | 1990 | Anti-Gulf War protest marches begin in 20 US cities | | 21 | 63 | BC Catiline begins concentratng an army at Faesulae | | | 686 | Consecration of Pope Conon (Oct 21, 686-Sep 21, 687) | | | 1096 | Battle of Drakon: The Seljuks defeat the “Beggars' Crusade” | | | 1187 | Albert di Morra is elected Pope as Gregory VIII (Oct 21-Dec 17, 1187) | | | 1600 | Battle of Sekigahara: With the help of a little treachery, Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats the Toyotomi under Ishida Mitsunari | | | 1639 | Battle of the Dunes: Tromp's Dutch fleet defeats Quendo's Spaniards | | | 1797 | USS Constitution - Old Ironsides - is launched in Boston | | | 1805 | Trafalgar | | | 1861 | Ball's Bluff/Harrison's Landing/Leesburg, Va: Confederate Victory | | | 1861 | Skirmishing ends, vicinity Frederickstown/Ironton, Mo | | | 1892 | Pres Grover Cleveland unveils the Soldiers’ & Sailors’ Arch at Grand Army Plaza, Brooklyn | | | 1914 | Battle of Warsaw ends | | | 1934 | Red Chinese "Long March" begins (to Oct 19, 1935) | | | 1937 | Spanish Nationalists capture Gijon | | | 1941 | Germans massacre 7,000 people in "reprisals" at Kragujevac, Yugoslavia | | | 1950 | Chinese forces invade Tibet | | | 1960 | HMS Dreadnought launched, Britain’s 1st nuclear submarine | | | 1967 | Thousands of Vietnam War protestors allegedly levitate the Pentagon with positive vibes | | | 1971 | Nobel prize for literature awarded to KGB agent Pablo Neruda | | 22 | 1202 | Walter of Brienne beats Dietpoldo di Acerro to become Lord of Puglia | | | 1303 | Nicholas Boccasini elected Pope as Benedict XI (22 Oct 1303-7 Jul 1304), later beatified | | | 1643 | Castro War: Battle of Pitigliano - Tuscans defeat a superior Papal Army, to relieve a siege | | | 1707 | Four British warships run aground in the Scilly Is., c. 2000 die | | | 1734 | Duke Charles of Bourbon-Parma captures Capua from the Austrians | | | 1764 | Battle of Bakshar: English defeat the Moguls | | | 1797 | First parachute jump: Andre-Jacques Garnerin, from a balloon 3,200 feet above Paris | | | 1836 | Sam Houston inaugurated as 1st elected President of the Republic of Texas | | | 1846 | Lavinia Watson becomes the first woman to sponsor a US warship, Frigate Germantown | | | 1861 | Combat at Buffalo Mills, Mo | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Hodgeville, Ky | | | 1875 | Sons of the American Revolution organized | | | 1904 | Russian fleet shoots up British fishing trawlers in the North Sea | | | 1928 | China expels all Soviet instructors and advisors | | | 1937 | The Windsors, history's most useless couple, visit Hitler in Obersalzburg | | | 1942 | Australians land on Goodenough Island, against c. 300 Japanese troops. | | | 1943 | Archibald Wavell made Viceroy of India. | | | 1944 | Japanese naval forces converge on Leyte. | | | 1946 | Two British ships mined off Albania | | | 1954 | West Germany joins North Atlantic Treaty Organization | | | 1962 | Missile Crisis: JFK imposes naval blockade on Cuba | | | 1979 | Deposed Shah of Iran arrives in NY for medical treatment | | | 2134 | BC Chinese scholars make the earliest recorded observation of an eclipse | | 23 | 12 | Triumph of Tiberius for his victories in Pannonia and Dalmatia | | | 42 | BC Second Battle of Phillipi: Mark Antony defeats Brutus | | | 1086 | Battle of az-Zallaqahwas/Zalaqa: Yusuf ibn Tashfin & Abbad III al-Mu'tamid defeat Alfonso VI of Castille, who is severely wounded. | | | 1157 | Battle of Grathe Heath: Valdemar I of Denmark deeats Sweyn III | | | 1448 | Battle of Gretna/the River Sark: Earl Hugh Douglas of Ormonde defeats the Earl of Northumberland | | | 1641 | Irish uprising leads to widespread Protestant massacres of Catholics | | | 1642 | Edgehill, first battle of the English Civil War | | | 1679 | Protestant-inspired “Meal Tub Plot” against the future James II of England is revealed | | | 1775 | Congress bars blacks from the army | | | 1790 | Slave revolt in Haiti | | | 1861 | Combat at West Liberty, Ky | | | 1864 | Battle of Westport: Samuel Curtis’ Yanks defeat Sterling Price’s Rebs near Kansas City | | | 1942 | First day of the British Eighth Army Alamein offensive | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal: Battle of Edson's Ridge - Japanese assault broken | | | 1944 | Battle of Leyte Gulf begins, runs to the 26th: Greatest sea fight in history | | | 1956 | Hungarian Revolution begins (crushed by the Soviets by 4 November) | | | 1957 | Vanguard satellite launch vehicle TV-3 test fired | | | 1962 | USAF Major Robert A Rushworth takes X-15 to 40,800 meters | | | 1983 | Beirut: Suicide truck bomb kills 243 US personnel | | | 1989 | "Velvet Revolution" in Hungary ousts the Communist regime | | | 4004 | BC Anglican Bishop James Ussher’s date for the Creation, at 0900 Greenwich | | 24 | 0 | United Nations Day | | | 69 | 2nd Battle of Bedriacum: Primus defeats Vitellius, to make Vespasian Emperor | | | 964 | Battle of Rometta: The Fatimids defeat the Byzantines | | | 1147 | Besieged since June, Lisbon falls to Afonso I of Portugal | | | 1158 | Battle of Orkney: Danes Svein and Erland defeat Earl Harald of Orkney | | | 1401 | Battle of Nave: The Visconti defeat the Imperialists | | | 1648 | Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) | | | 1793 | Revolutionary France introduces a new calendar, based on “scientific reason” | | | 1795 | Third Partition: Austria, Prussia, & Russia, obliterate Poland | | | 1806 | Fra Diavolo defeated by the French near Sora | | | 1812 | Battle of Maloyaroslavits: Prince Eugene seizes the town after hard fighting, but it is abandoned the next day | | | 1871 | Los Angeles mob lynches 18 Chinese | | | 1912 | Battle of Kirk Kilise: Bulgarians defeat the Turks in Thrace | | | 1912 | Battle of Kumanovo: Serbians defeat the Turks in Macedonia | | | 1917 | Battle of Caporetto (12th Isonzo): Austro-German Offensive (to Nov 9) | | | 1942 | FDR directs that all available ammunition, aircraft, & equipment be provided to forces engaged in the Guadalcanal and North African Campaigns, even if it means stripping units elsewhere | | | 1943 | Japanese DD Mochizuki is sunk by Marine aircraft southwest of Rabaul. | | | 1944 | Acrimonious confrontation between Rachele Mussolini and Clara Petacci, as Il Duce sheepishly tries to calm things down | | | 1944 | Leyte Gulf: light carrier Princeton sinks | | | 1945 | United Nations Charter becomes effective | | | 1948 | Bernard Baruch coins the term "Cold War" | | | 1956 | Soviet troops invade Hungary as Imre Nagy becomes prime minister | | | 1960 | Baikonoer: launch pad explosion, 165 die | | | 1973 | Yom Kippur War ends: Israelis 65 miles from Cairo, 26 from Damascus | | 25 | 0 | Feast of SS Crispin and Crispinus, Patrons of Shoemakers | | | 0 | Feast of St. John of Capistrano, Patron of Military Chaplains | | | 0 | World Pasta Day | | | 39 | BC G. Asinius Pollio’s triumph: for defeating the Partini in Illyria | | | 625 | Consecration of Pope Boniface IV (619-625) | | | 1131 | Louis VII “the Young” crowned King of France | | | 1241 | Geofredo Castiflioni elected Pope as Celestine IV (25 Oct-10 Nov 1241) | | | 1415 | Battle of Agincourt: Henry V routs the flower of French chivalry | | | 1496 | Cesare Borgia is created “Confalonier of the Church and Captain General of Pontifical Troops,” by his father, Pope Alexander VI | | | 1506 | Cesare Borgia escapes from imprisonment at Medina del Campo, Spain | | | 1555 | Charles V abdicates as Holy Roman Emperor (later quits as King of Spain) | | | 1596 | Battle of Kiresztes: Imperialists defeat the Turks | | | 1760 | George III ascends British throne (1860-1820) | | | 1812 | Stephen Decatur's United States takes HMS Macedonian | | | 1854 | Balaklava: The Light Brigade, the Heavy Brigade, & the Thin Red Streak | | | 1864 | Battle of Marais des Cygnes River, Mo | | | 1864 | Skirmish at Mine Creek, Ks | | | 1864 | Skirmish at Turkeytown, Ala | | | 1900 | England annexes the Transvaal | | | 1932 | Mussolini promises to remain dictator for 30 years | | | 1938 | Japanese troops occupy Hankou & Wuhan | | | 1942 | Lunga Point: Japanese ships tangle with allied surface and air units | | | 1943 | Battle of Cape St. George: 5 U.S. Fletcher Class DDs sink 3 of 6 Japanese DDs. | | | 1943 | Japanese open the Burma railroad ("The Bridge on the River Kwai") | | | 1943 | USAAF bombers from China raid Japanese airfields on Formosa. | | | 1944 | Leyte Gulf: Remnants of Japanese fleet retire, first kamikaze attacks, USS St Lo (CVE-63) hit | | | 1945 | Japanese surrender Taiwan to Chiang Kai-shek | | | 1951 | Korean War peace talks resume in Panmunjom | | | 1958 | Marines leave Lebanon (there since July) | | | 1983 | US and West Indian forces occupy Greneda | | 26 | 82 | BC Battle of the Colline Gate: Sulla defeats the Populares & Samnites with great slaughter | | | 634 | Battle of Ubaid: Persians defeat the Moslem Arabs | | | 1318 | Coup in Siena is supressed in a bloody riot | | | 1644 | The Royal Marines are formed | | | 1656 | BC Noah takes to the Ark [Bishop Ussher] | | | 1825 | Erie Canal opens | | | 1860 | Garibaldi meets Victor Emanuel II at Teano, unifying Italy | | | 1861 | Combat at Romney, WVa | | | 1861 | Last ride of the Pony Express | | | 1863 | International Red Cross organized in Geneva | | | 1868 | White terrorists kill many blacks in St Bernard Parish, La | | | 1881 | Gunfight at the OK Corral, Tombstone | | | 1905 | Norway secedes from Sweden, which declines to object | | | 1906 | Dressed as a Guards captain Wilhelm Voight robs the city hall of Kopernich, near Berlin | | | 1912 | First Balkan War: Serbians capture Skopje | | | 1913 | Gen. Venustiano Huerta elects himself president of Mexico | | | 1917 | Communist Coup in Russia [Nov 7 N.S.] | | | 1922 | Lt Cdr Godfrey Chevalier makes first underway US carrier landing, Langley | | | 1930 | Hirohito reviews the Combined Fleet from the deck of the Kirishima, off Kobe | | | 1942 | Battle of the Santa Cruz Is: CV Hornet out of action, Japanese CVs damaged | | | 1942 | Espiritu Santo: liner President Coolidge mined, sinks, only 2 die | | | 1943 | Chandra Bose forms provisional Indian government, joins Axis | | | 1944 | Leyte Gulf ends: losses, Japan 34 major warships, US 6. | | | 1955 | Ngo Dinh Diem proclaims Vietnam a republic with himself as president | | | 1957 | Khrushchev fires USSR defense minister Marshal Georgi Zhukov | | | 1966 | Fire aboard USS Oriskany in the Gulf of Tonkin, 43 die | | 27 | 0 | Navy Day [See: Births] | | | 625 | Consecration of Pope Honorius I (625-628) – or 27 Nov | | | 1500 | Pesaro surrenders to Cesare Borgia | | | 1775 | US Navy formally established | | | 1787 | Publication of "The Federalist Papers" begins | | | 1795 | Treaty of San Lorenzo: US & Spain arrange navigations rights on the Mississippi | | | 1810 | U.S. annexes West Florida from Spain | | | 1830 | Belgian Revolution: Dutch bombard Antwerp | | | 1848 | Battle of Mestre: The Venetians defeat the Austrians | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Plattsburg, Mo | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Spring Hill, Mo | | | 1864 | Battle of Boydton Plank Road/Burgess' Mill/Southside Railroad, Va | | | 1864 | Battle of Fair Oaks, Va | | | 1864 | Battle of Newtonia, Miss | | | 1864 | Lt William Cushing sinks CSS Albemarle with a spar torpedo | | | 1867 | Garibaldi attempts a march on Rome | | | 1914 | British battleship Audacious sunk by a mine, no casualties | | | 1941 | Nazis establish a gypsy ghetto in Belgrade | | | 1942 | Battle of the Santa Cruz Is: USS Hornet sinks | | | 1943 | Marine 2nd Parachute Bn lands amphibiously on Choiseul | | | 1943 | N.Z. 8th Bde occupies Mono and Stirling, Treasury Is | | | 1945 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for President Harry S Truman. | | | 1948 | Negev: Israel recaptures Nizzanim from the Egyptians | | | 1954 | Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. becomes the first black general in USAF | | | 1962 | Cuban Missile Crisis: The Soviets blink | | | 1978 | Menachen Begin & Anwar Sadat awarded the Nobel Peace Prize | | 28 | 306 | Maxentius becomes co-emperor of Rome (306-312) | | | 312 | Battle of the Milvian Bridge: Constantine defeats Maxentius, to become sole Roman Emperor in the west | | | 1776 | Battle of White Plains: Washington retreats to New Jersey | | | 1793 | Eli Whitney applies for a patent on the cotton gin | | | 1835 | Battle of Mission Concepcion: Texians rout Mexicans | | | 1864 | Battle of Wauhatchie, Tenn | | | 1921 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for Marshal Ferdinand Foch. | | | 1922 | Benito Mussolini appointed PM of Italy | | | 1940 | FDR observes, "Republicans . . . after opposing rearmament for years, are now protesting that the United States is too weak." | | | 1940 | Italy invades Greece from Albania | | | 1942 | "Tokyo Express" lands troops on Guadalcanal. | | | 1943 | Japanese evacuation of Kolombangara ends, 11,000 troops get away | | | 1944 | Philippines: Kamikaze draw first blood, a US cruiser is damaged | | | 1958 | Former SGT Angelo Roncalli elected Pope as John XXIII | | | 1962 | Khrushchev orders missiles out of Cuba, ending Missile Crisis | | | 1965 | Pope Paul VI states that the Jewish people bear no collective guilt for the Crucifixion | | 29 | 539 | BC Cyrus the Great of Persia captures Babylon [Probable] | | | 969 | Byzantines capture Antioch from the Saracens | | | 1467 | Battle of Bruthem: Charles the Bold of Lorraine defeats Liege | | | 1587 | Battle of Vimory: French Catholics defeat the Huguenots | | | 1591 | Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti elected Pope as Innocent IX (29 Oct-30 Dec 1591) | | | 1665 | Battle of Mbwila/Ambuila/Ulanga: Portuguese defeat King Antonio I of Kongo | | | 1790 | Harmer's Defeat/Little Turtle’s Victory: After 11 days of Indian attacks, the entire US Army is almost destroyed by the northwestern Indians | | | 1851 | Unveiling of Emmanuel Leutze’s “Washington Crossing the Delaware” in New York | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Morgantown/Woodbury, Ky | | | 1863 | Formation of the International Committee of the Red Cross: Nobel Peace Prize, 1917, 1944, 1963 | | | 1914 | Russia declares war on Turkey | | | 1929 | "Wall Street Lays an Egg." | | | 1942 | ALCAN Highway opens: motor road to Alaska frees shipping | | | 1942 | Nazis murder 16,000 Jews, Pinsk, USSR | | | 1943 | USAAF subjects Rabaul to a major air raid. | | | 1944 | Breda liberated from the Germans | | | 1956 | Israeli paratroopers capture the Sinai passes | | | 1957 | Hand grenade explodes in Israel's Parliament | | | 1994 | Francisco Duran fires on the White House, attempting to kill Pres. Clinton | | 30 | 69 | Vespasian’s victorious troops sack Cremona | | | 701 | Accession of Pope John VI (701-705) | | | 1137 | Battle of Rignano: Count Ranulf II of Alife defeats Roger II of Sicily | | | 1270 | The Eighth Crusade begins, and accomplishes nothing | | | 1281 | Battle of Homs: The Mamlukes defeat the Mongols | | | 1340 | Battle of Río Salado: Afonso IV of Portugal & Alfonso XI of Castille defeat Abu al-Hasan 'Ali the Marinid & Yusuf I the Nasrid | | | 1485 | King Henry VIII forms the Yeomen of the Guard | | | 1488 | The Baglioni drive out the Oddi to seize Perugia | | | 1489 | Peace of Tours: Emperor Maximilian I and the Flemings | | | 1501 | Alleged great orgy held by the Borgia with 50 courtesans | | | 1799 | William Balch becomes the US Navy's first commissioned Chaplain. | | | 1805 | Second Battle of Caldiero: French defeat the Austrians | | | 1808 | Battle of Durango: French defeat the Spanish | | | 1813 | Battle of Hanau: Napoleon defeats "Poor Wrede" & the Austro-Bavarians | | | 1841 | Fire destroys the Armoury of the Tower of London, with devastating loss of historic arms & relics | | | 1889 | William T Sherman lays the foundation for the Soldiers’ and Sailors’Arch on the Grand Army Plaza, Brooklyn | | | 1917 | Vittorio Emanuelle Orlando becomes premier of Italy | | | 1938 | Orson Welles' radio broadcast of "The War of the Worlds" | | | 1941 | US oiler Salinas survives a torpedo off Newfoundland | | | 1943 | U.S. subs mine the waters off Indochina. | | | 1944 | Anne Frank is transferred from Auschwitz to Belsen | | | 1944 | TG 38.4 is attacked by Kamikaze off Leyte, two carriers damaged. | | | 1945 | US announces the end of shoe rationing | | | 1953 | General of the Army George C Marshall is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize | | | 1954 | Defense Department announces elimination of all segregated units | | | 1956 | Israel captures Egyptian military post at El-Thamad | | | 1961 | Soviet Union tests a 58 megaton hydrogen bomb | | | 1975 | Pr Juan Carlos assumes power in Spain, as Franco nears death | | 31 | 1448 | Constantine XI Palaeologos becomes Byzantine Emperor (1148-1453), kia 1453 | | | 1503 | Giuliano delle Rovere is elected Pope as Julius II (1503-1513) | | | 1803 | USS Philadelphia grounds off Tripoli, & is taken by the Barbary pirates | | | 1808 | Battle of Durango, Spain | | | 1808 | Battle of Pan Corbo: The French defeat the Spanish | | | 1813 | Anglo-Spanish forces liberte Pamplona from the French | | | 1925 | Reza Pahlevi becomes Shah of Persia in a coup | | | 1937 | Spanish republican government moves to Valencia from Barcelona | | | 1940 | Deadline for Warsaw Jews to move into Warsaw Ghetto | | | 1941 | U-552 sinks USS Reuben James, 115 die; first US ship lost in WW II | | | 1950 | Puerto Rican nationalists try to kill President Truman in Washington | | | 1952 | First thermonuclear bomb detonated, the Marshall Islands | | | 1954 | Algerian Revolution against France begins | | | 1956 | Suez Crisis: Britain & France bomb Egypt | | | 1967 | Nguyen Van Thieu becomes President of South Vietnam | | | 1968 | President Johnson orders a halt to all bombing of North Vietnam |
|
|
|
