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 News As History - August 29, 2008



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Born
1 83 BC Caius Sallustius Crispus - Sallust, Roman historian (“The Conspiracy of Catiline”)
  208 Alexander Severus, Roman Emperor (222-235)
  1207 King Henry III of England (1216-72)
  1685 Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (1711-40)
  1730 Richard Stockton, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1788
  1746 Rev John Muhlenberg, Continental general (see Deaths)
  1781 Capt James "Don't give up the ship!" Lawrence, kia 1812
  1830 Jeremiah C. Sullivan, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1890
  1831 Claudius C. Wilson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863
  1834 Francis Marion Cockrell, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1915
  1835 Robert H. Anderson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1888
  1835 William "Red" Jackson, Brig Gen, C.S.A.
  1881 William Edward Boeing, aviation entrepreneur
  1921 James Whitmore, Marine, actor ("Battle Cry")
  1924 James Earl Carter, naval officer, president (1977-1981)
  1936 Stephen Ambrose, historian ("Band of Brothers"), d. 2002
  1950 Boris Vladimirovich Morukov, Russian cosmonaut
2 1452 King Richard III of England (1483-85), who needed a horse
  1737 Francis Hopkinson, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1791
  1800 Nat Turner, leader of the Great Southampton Slave Rebellion, k 1831
  1819 George Washington Getty, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1901
  1821 Alexander Peter "Old Straight" Stewart, Lt Gen, C.S.A.,
  1827 Edmund Jackson Davis, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1883
  1847 Paul Ludwig Hans von Beneckendorf von Hindenburg, Generalfeldmarschal
  1851 Ferdinand Foch, Marechel de France
  1869 Karamchand Ghandi - the Mahatma
  1871 Cordell Hull, SecState (1933-1944), Nobelist (1945)
  1895 Col. Ruth Cheney Streeter, first director of the USMC Women's Reserve
  1904 Dermot Boyle, Marshal of the RAF
  1904 Graham Greene, novelist (“Our Man in Havana”), d. 1991
  1912 Eric Wilson, VC
  1937 David McCullough, historian, biographer ("Truman")
  1939 Yuri N Glazkov, cosmonaut
3 1605 Li Tzu-ch'eng, sometime bandit who toppled the Ming, k 1645
  1789 Francis Hoyt Gregory, naval officer, U.S., d. 1866
  1800 George Bancroft, Greatest SecNav, historian
  1854 William Crawford Gorgas, military surgeon, conqueror of yellow fever
  1882 Gunther von Kluge, German field marshal, suicide 1945
  1925 Gore Vidal, veteran
  1949 Yekaterina A Ivanova, Russian cosmonaut
4 1289 King Louis X "the Stubborn" of France (1314-16)
  1550 King Charles IX of Sweden (1569-1611)
  1626 Richard Cromwell, sometime “Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland” (1658-1659), d. 1712
  1809 Robert Cumming Schenck, Maj. Gen, U.S., d. 1890
  1810 Count Alexander Walweski, Napoleon I's bastard, III's foreign minister
  1816 Egbert Benson Brown, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1902
  1822 R.B. Hayes, 5 times wounded veteran, president (1877-81)
  1861 Frederic Remington, artist of the frontier army
  1877 Doroteo "Pancho Villa" Arango, Mexican revolutionary
  1881 Walter von Brauchitsch, German C-in-C (1938-1941), d. 1948
  1892 Engelbert Dollfuss, Frontsoldat, Austrian chancellor (1932-1934), murdered by Nazis 1934
  1895 Richard Sorge, Soviet spy in Tokyo
  1903 Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Nazi criminal, executed 1946
  1913 Lelia Caetani, last Princess of Sermoneta, d. 1977
5 1743 Thomas Stone, Signer of the Declaration of Independence (See Deaths)
  1808 Thomas Algeo Rowley, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892
  1830 Chester Alan Arthur, militiaman, president, 1881-85
  1833 Cyrus Bussey, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1915
  1836 George Washington Gordon, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1911
  1882 Robert Goddard, rocketry pioneer
  1887 Rene Cassin, pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize (1968)
  1895 Walter Bedell Smith, Ike's C/S, Head of CIA (1950-52)
  1929 Richard F Gordon Jr., USN, astronaut
  1930 Pavel R Popovich, Ukraine, cosmonaut
6 1289 King Wenceslaus III of Bohemia (d. 1306)
  1769 Maj. Gen. Sir Isaac Brock, kia Queenstown Heights, 1812
  1773 Louis-Philippe “Citizen-King” of France (1830-1848), d. 1850
  1808 King Frederick VII of Denmark (1848-63)
  1838 Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Garibaldino, diarist, d. 1910
  1841 Nicholai I, Prince & King of Montenegro (1860/1910-1921)
  1849 Sir Basil Zaharoff (born Zacharias Basileios), legendary "Merchant of Death," d. 1936
  1908 Carole Lombard, actress, wife to Clark Gable, killed in an air crash during a war bond drive in early 1942
  1914 Thor Heyerdahl, explorer, racist, d. 2002
  1930 Hafez al Assad, dictator of Syria, d. 2000
  1952 Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (2000-)
7 1728 Caesar Rodney, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1784
  1748 King Charles XIII of Sweden (1809-18) & Norway (1814-18)
  1817 Bushrod Rust Johnson, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1880
  1821 Richard Heron Anderson, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1879
  1821 William Sill, Underground Railroad Stationmaster
  1826 William Brimage Bate, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1905
  1841 King Nicolai Petrovic Njegos of Montenegro (1910-1918)
  1854 Christiaan de Wet, Boer General
  1879 Leon Trotsky, idealistic mass murderer [26th N.S.]
  1923 Irma Grese, the “Bitch of Belsen”, hanged in 1945 at 22
  1931 Desmond Tutu, Bishop, Peace Nobelist (1982)
  1934 Ulrike Meinhof, German anarchist terrorist
  1943 Oliver North
8 1826 Matt Whitaker Ransom, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1904
  1838 John Hay, Lincoln’s secretary; later SecState, d. 1905
  1890 Eddie Rickenbacker, American "Ace of Aces" in WW I
  1895 Juan Peron, Argentine soldier, putschist, president (1946-55, 1973-74)
  1895 King Zog I of Albania (1928-1939)
  1956 Janice E Voss, astronaut
9 1261 King Diniz of Portugal (1279-1325)
  1547 Miguel de Cervantes, marine, novelist ("Don Quixote")
  1767 King Charles X of France (1824-1830), brother of Louis XVI & XVII; deposed, d. 1836
  1771 Duke Frederick William of Brunswick (1813-15), kia, Quatre Bras
  1782 Lewis Cass, politician and secretary of war
  1819 Samuel McGowan, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1897
  1822 George Sykes, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1880
  1859 Alfred Dreyfus, French officer
  1888 Nicholai I. Bukharin, Bolshevik, executed by Stalin, 1938
  1899 Bruce Catton, historian ("A Stillness at Appomattox")
  1911 Joe Rosenthal, who took a picture on Iwo Jima; d. 2006
10 1486 Duke Charles III of Savoy
  1815 Giuseppe Verdi, composer ("I Lombardi")
  1819 Zebulon York, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1900
  1825 Paulus "Oom Paul" Kruger, Boer leader
  1829 Dandridge McRae, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1899
  1830 Queen Isabella II of Spain (1833-68), d. 1904
  1832 Theodore Shelton Bowers, Bvt. Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1866
  1861 Fridtjof Nansen, explorer, humanitarian, Peace Nobelist (1922)
  1889 Kermit Roosevelt, soldier, suicide 1943
11 1671 King Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway (1699-1730)
  1727 John Wilkes, notorious English anti-Catrholic demagogue
  1759 Mason Locke "Parson" Weems, inventive biographer of Washington
  1820 Alfred Washington Ellet, "seagoing" Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895
  1825 Elkanah Brackin Greer, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1877
  1884 Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady (1933-1945), d. 1962
  1897 Nathan F Twining, general, USAF
12 1537 King Edward VI of England (1547-53), son of Henry VIII
  1798 King Charles Albert of Sardinia (1831-49)
  1798 Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil (1822-31), King of Portugal (1826), d. 1834
  1815 William Joseph Hardee, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1873
  1822 Joseph Haydn Potter, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892
  1860 Elmer A Sperry, inventor of the gyrocompass
  1866 James Ramsay MacDonald, prime minister, (1924, 1929-35), appeaser
  1932 Jake Garn, politician, astronaut
13 1808 Henry Haywood Bell, naval officer, U.S., d. 1868
  1810 James Shedden Palmer, naval officer, U.S., d. 1867
  1826 Lafayette Curry Baker, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1868
  1925 Margaret Thatcher, PM of Great Britain, (1979-90)
  1952 Michael Richard Clifford, astronaut
14 1633 King James II of England (1685-88), naval officer, d. 1701
  1734 Francis Lightfoot Lee, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1797
  1784 King Ferdinand VII of Spain
  1827 James Sidney Robinson, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892
  1837 Ellison Capers, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1908
  1877 Rafael de Nogales Mendez, soldier-of-fortune, d. 1937
  1882 Eamon De Valera, President of Ireland
  1890 General of the Army Dwight D Eisenhower
  1906 Hannah Arendt, historian ("The Origins of Totalitarianism")
15 70 BC Virgil - "Arma virumque cano."
  1542 Akbar, Mughal Emperor of India (1556-1605)
  1795 King Frederick Willem IV of Prussia (1840-61)
  1816 Amiel Weeks Whipple, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1863
  1818 Elizabeth Van Lew, Union master spy, d. 1900
  1818 Irvin McDowell, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1885
  1832 Henry Harrison Walker, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1912
  1836 Thomas Lafayette Rosser, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1910
  1844 Friedrich Nietzsche, inventor of the "Übermensch"
  1856 Robert Nivelle, inept French general
  1878 Paul Reynaud, Premier of France (1940), who wasn't tough enough
  1893 King Charles II of Romania (1930-40)
  1917 Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., historian, ("The Age of Jackson")
  1948 Aleksandr S Puchkov, cosmonaut
16 42 BC Tiberius, Roman Emperor (14-37)
  1663 Eugenio von Savoy, Imperial general, patron of the arts, d. 1736
  1816 William Preston, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1887
  1825 Thomas Turpin Crittenden, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1905
  1832 George Crockett Strong, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1863
  1886 David Ben Gurion, PM of Israel (1948-1953, 1955)
  1890 Michael “Big Mike” Collins, Irish patriot, murdered, 1922
  1898 William O. Douglas, soldier, Supreme Court Justice
  1905 Dmitri Shostakovitch, composer ("The Leningrad Symphony")
  1908 Enver Hoxha, dictator of Albania (1944-85)
17 1734 Count Grigori Orlov, inept favorite of Catherine the Great
  1926 Karl G Henize, astronaut
  1956 Mae Jemison, astronaut
18 1239 Stefanus V, Prince of Transylvania, King of Hungary (1270-72)
  1405 Enea Silvio de' Piccolomini - Pope Pius II (1458-1464)
  1668 Count Wierich von Daun, Austrian Field Marshal, Prince of Teano
  1668 Elector Johan Georg IV of Saxony (1691-94)
  1741 Pierre Ambrose Choderlos de Laclos, general, author (“Les Liaisons Dangereus”), d. 1803
  1806 John Breckinridge Grayson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1861
  1811 Hugh Thompson Reid, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1874
  1818 Edward Otho Cresap Ord, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1883
  1829 Charles Sidney Winder, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862
  1829 Lucius Marshall Walker, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863
  1831 Kaiser Frederik III von Hohenzollern of Germany (1888)
  1919 Pierre Trudeau, PM of Canada (1968-79, 1980-84), d. 2000
  1930 Frank Carlucci, National Security Adviser, SecDef (1987-89)
  1931 John LeCarre, novelist ("The Spy Who Came in from the Cold")
  1939 Lee Harvey Oswald, sometime Marine, assassin, k by Jack Ruby, 1963
19 1810 Cassius Marcellus Clay, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1903
  1824 Rufus Saxton, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1908
  1834 Francis C. Barlow, Mar Gen, U.S., d. 1896
  1859 Alfred Dreyfus, Maj., French Army
  1862 Bertram T. Clayton, Brooklyn cavalryman, in Alabama! kia, 1918
  1901 Arleigh "31 Knot" Burke, destroyerman, d 1996
  1934 Jakubu Gowon, dictator of Nigeria (1966-75)
  1950 Charles Marie Jérôme Victor Napoléon Bonapart, pretender to the throne of France as Napoléon VII
20 1780 Pauline Bonaparte, sister to Napoleon, Duchess of Parma, model for Canova
  1819 Daniel Edgar Sickles, hustler, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1914
  1820 Benjamin Franklin Cheatham, Maj Gen, C.S.A.
  1820 George Jerrison Stannard, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1822 Mansfield Lovell, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1884
  1900 Heinrich Himmler, mass murderer
21 1650 Jean Bart, French naval hero
  1803 George Wright, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1865
  1833 Alfred Nobel, inventor of dynamite & prizes
  1884 Hector Bywater, journalist, novelist (“The Great Pacific War”), d. 1940
22 1689 King João V of Portugal
  1810 Henry Bohlen, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1862
  1887 John Reed, radical journalist ("Ten Days that Shook the World")
  1913 Bao Dai, Emperor of Vietnam (1925-1945), Head of State (1949-1955), d. 1997
  1933 Donald H Peterson, USAF, astronaut
23 1715 Tsar Peter II of Russia (1727-30)
  1820 James Monroe Goggin, Brig Gen, C.S.A. d. 1889
  1824 Thomas Gamble Pitcher, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895
  1828 Turner Ashby, Brig Gen, C.S.A., kia 1862
  1844 Louis Riel, French Canadian nationalist rebel, executed, 1885
  1868 King Rama V Chulalongkorn of Siam, d. 1910
24 51 T. Flavius Domitianus – Roman Emperor Domitian (81-96)
  1815 John Edwards, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1894
  1856 Henri Philippe Petain, Marshal of France, hero, collaborator, d. 1951
  1891 Rafael Trujillo, dictator of the Dominican Republic (1930-61)
25 1684 Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin, Prussian field marshal, kia 1757
  1800 Thomas Babington, Lord Macaulay, poet, historian ("Lays of Ancient Rome"), d. 1859
  1819 Zachariah Cantey Deas, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1882
  1881 Pablo Picasso, artist, leftist, Nazi collaborator, d. 1973
  1888 Richard E Byrd, naval officer, polar explorer
  1889 Abel Gance, French film pioneer ("Napoleon")
  1921 King Michael I of Romania (1927-30, 1940-47)
26 1759 Georges Danton, revolutionary demagogue who got his
  1800 Helmuth von Moltke - The Great Moltke
  1804 Lorenzo Thomas, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1875
  1824 Arthur Middleton Manigault, Brig Gen, C.S.A.,
  1830 Stephen Elliott Jr., Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1866
  1837 James Lawlor Kiernan, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1869
  1878 Jose Moscardo Ituarte, defender of the Alcazar of Toledo, 1936
  1914 Jackie Coogan, glider pilot, actor
  1916 Francois Mitterand, Resistance fighter, President of France (1981-1995)
  1919 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941-79), d. 1980
27 1828 Jacob Dolson Cox, Maj Gen, U.S. d. 1900
  1829 Christopher Columbus Andres, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1842 Giovanni Giolitti, Garibaldino, five times Premier of Italy
  1844 Klas Arnoldson, pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize, 1908
  1858 Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., soldier, statesman, author, and more, d. 1919
  1894 Fritz Sauckel, Nazi slave master
  1946 Steven R Nail, USAF, astronaut
  1946 Terry J Hart, astronaut
  1953 Michael A Baker, USN, astronaut
28 1791 Paolo Bartolomeo Avitabile, Neapolitan lieutenant, Persian colonel, Sikh general, d. 1850
  1793 Eliphalet Remington, firearms designer, d. 1861
  1810 Adley Hogan Gladden, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862
  1834 Dudley McIver DuBose, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1883
  1897 Hans Speidel, soldier, anti-Nazi
  1940 Gennadi Mikhailovich Strekalov, cosmonaut
29 1507 Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, third Duke of Alba, d. 1582
  1816 King Ferdinand II of Portugal
  1824 Joseph Horace Lewis, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1904
  1871 Queen Marie of Romania
  1878 Alexander von Falkenhausen, German chief of the German general staff, 1915-1916
  1897 Joseph Goebbels, Nazi propagandist
  1921 Bill Mauldin, soldier cartoonist ("Willy and Joe")
  1952 Valeri I Tokarev, Russian colonel/cosmonaut
30 1391 Dom Duarte, King of Portugal (1433-38)
  1807 James Samuel Wadsworth, Maj Gen, U.S., d/w 1864
  1830 John Stevens Bowen, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863
  1848 Sinovi Rosjestvenski, Russian admiral, who lost the big one in 1905
  1873 Francisco Madero, inept visionary Pres of Mexico (1911-1913), k. 1913
  1882 Gunther von Kluge, German field marshal, suicide 1944
  1882 William F Halsey, Fleet Admiral
  1885 Ezra Pound, poet ("Cantos"), Fascist, d. 1972
  1946 Robert "Hoot" Gibson, USN, astronaut
31 1345 King Ferdinand I of Portugal
  1705 Lorenzo Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli - Pope Clement XIV (1769-1774)
  1740 William Paca, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1799
  1825 Raleigh Edward Colston, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1896
  1826 Hugh Boyle Ewing, Bvt Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1905
  1831 Daniel Butterfield, Maj Gen, U.S., composer of "Taps," d. 1901
  1835 Adalbert Ames, Brig Gen, U.S., last surviving Civil War general, d. 1933
  1843 Alexandre-Georges-Henri Regnault, French artist, kia, 1871
  1860 Juliette Gordon Low, founder of the Girl Scouts
  1887 Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Chinese Nationalists
  1930 Michael Collins, USAF, astronaut (Gemini 10, Apollo 11)
  1949 Terence Wilcutt, USMC, astronaut
  1960 Prince Reza Pahlavi of Iran, Pretender to the Peacock Throne

Died
1 829 Byzantine Emperor Michael II “the Stammerer”
  1040 Duke Alain III of Brittany (1008-40), poisoned
  1404 Pope Boniface IX - Piero Tomacelli (1389-1404)
  1498 Pagolo Vitelli, Captain of Florence, beheaded
  1578 Don Juan of Austria, Victor of Lepanto, at 31
  1807 Rev John Muhlenberg, Continental general, on his 61st birthday
  1864 Rose Greenhow, Confederate spy, drowned, at c. 47
  1901 Emir Abdoer-Rahman of Afghanistan
  1990 Curtis E LeMay, bomber baron, at 83
2 322 BC Aristotle [probable]
  534 King Athalaric of the Ostrogoths (526-534), son of Amalasuntha
  1264 Pope Urban IV - Jacques Pantaléon (1261-1264)
  1707 Duke Anne Jules de Noailles, Marshal of France, at 57
  1780 British Maj John Andre, hanged by the US as a spy
  1782 Charles Lee, soldier of fortune, American Maj. Gen., at 50
  1786 Admiral Viscount Augustus Keppel, at 60
  1841 Prince Onorato V Grimaldi of Monaco (1815-1841), Captain of French Imperial Dragoons (1810-1814), at 63
3 1226 St. Francis of Assisi, sometime soldier & P/W
  1283 Prince David ap Gruffydd of Gwynedd (1282-1283) last native Prince of Wales, drawn & quartered at c. 48
  1795 Tula, leader of the Curacao slave rebellion, executed
  1929 Gustav Stresemann, German chancellor, peace Nobeliat, 1926, at 51
4 633 King Edwin “the Great” of Northumberland, kia, Hatfield
  1830 Count Hans Yorck von Wartenburg, Prussian military reformer, at 71
  1904 Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, sculptor ("Liberty Enlightening the World")
  2004 Michael Grant, historian (“Gladiators”), at 89
5 578 Byzantine Emperor Justin II (565-78)
  1056 Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (1039-56)
  1111 Robert II of Jerusalem, Count of Flanders
  1285 King Philippe III "the Stout" of France (1270-85)
  1496 King Ferdinand - Ferrante - II of Naples (1495-1496)
  1787 Thomas Stone, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, on his 44th birthday
  1813 Tecumseh, kia, Battle of the Thames
  1918 Eddie Grant, Giants third baseman, kia, the Argonne
  1967 Clifton C Williams Jr., astronaut, at 35, T-38 crash
6 877 Charles II, King of the Franks, Holy Roman Emperor (875-77)
  1014 Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria (997–1014), c. 59, stroke upon meeting survivors of his army, blinded by Byzantine Emperor Basil II
  1072 King Sancho II of Castille (1065-72), murdered
  1214 King Alfonso VIII of Castille
  1413 Emperor Dawit I of Ethiopia, at about 30
  1819 King Charles Emanuel II of Sardinia (1796-1802)
  1849 The “Thirteen Martyrs of Arad” - Hungarian patriots executed by the Austrians
  1891 Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish patriot
  1892 Alfred, Lord Tennyson, poet ("The Charge of the Light Brigade")
  1912 August Beernaert, Belgian politician, Peace Nobelist, 1909, at 83
  1951 Henry Gurney, British high commissioner to Malaya, assassinated
  1959 Bernard Berenson, art historian, fascist-sympathizer (b. 1865)
  1981 Anwar al-Sadat, Nobel Peace Prize (1978), assassinated
  2002 Claus von Amsberg, German soldier, husband of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands (b. 1926)
7 336 Pope St. Marcus (18 Jan 336-7 Oct 336)
  610 Roman Emperor Phocas (602-610), personally executed by Heraclius
  929 King Charles III of France (893-929)
  1259 Ezzelino III da Romano, self-inflicted wounds while a prisoner, unmourned
  1468 Sigismondo Malatesta, Lord of Rimini (1432-1468) condottiero, at 51
  1571 Agosto Barbarigo, Venetian admiral, kia, Lepanto
  1571 Giovanni Contarini, Venetian admiral, Orazio Orsini, Patrician of Naples & Venice, Virginio Orsini, Patrician of Naples & Venice, his brother, plus 15 other Venetian captains, and c. 7,500 Italian & Spanish soldiers, marinies, & sailors, kia, Lepanto
  1571 Ali Pasha and Mohammed Scirocco, Turkish admirals, and c. 80,000 Turkis soldiers, marines, & sailors, kia, Lepanto
  1777 Simon Fraser, English general, kia
  1780 Maj Patrick Ferguson, British military reformer, kia, King's Mountain
  1800 Gabriel, Virginia slave leader, hanged
  1849 Edgar Allen Poe, West Point drop out, at 40
8 701 Pope Sergius I (687-701)
  705 Caliph Abd-Al-Malik Ibn Marwan of Damascus.
  1354 Cola di Rienzo, Roman revolutionary, killed by a mob on the Capitoline
  1656 Johan Georg I of Saxony (1611-56), at 71
  1869 Franklin Pierce, soldier, president (1853-1857), at 64
  1879 Arturo Prat, Peruvian naval officer, kia at Angamos
  1967 Ernesto "Che" Guevara, professional revolutionary, executed
  1985 Leon Klinghoffer, disabled veteran, murdered by Palestinian terrorists
9 1047 Pope Clement II (1046-1047)
  1390 King Juan I of Castille (1379-90)
  1502 Lord Giulio Cesare da Varano of Camerino, 68, and his sons Annibale, 34, Venanzio, 25, & Pirro, 16, strangled at Pergola, by order of Cesare Borgia
  1934 Alexander, King of Yugoslavia & French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou, assassinated at Marseilles
  1943 Jan Dieters and Lou Jansen, Dutch resistance fighters, executed by the Nazis
  1958 Pope Pius XII (1939-1958)
  1974 Oskar Schindler, one of the "Righteous"
10 19 BC Germanicus, overrated Roman general, natural causes
  413 BC Nikias, superstitious Athenian general, during the siege of Syracuse
  680 Imam Huseyn Ali, Mohammed’s grandson, his two sons, and 70 followers, slaughtered by Caliph Yazid I ibn Muawiyah
  1914 King Karol I von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen of Romania (1881-1914)
11 1303 Pope Boniface VIII - Benedetto Gaetani (1294-1303)
  1424 Count Jan Zizka, blind Bohemian military hero, of plague
  1586 Sir Philip Sidney, Elizabethan warrior-poet, d/w, Arnheim, Holland
  1779 Casimir Pulaski, Polish patriot and American general, d/w at Charleston
  1809 Meriwether Lewis, suicide at 35
  1940 Lluis Companys, President of Catalunya (1934-1939), executed by Franco
  1942 Prince Urbano Colonna of Carbognano, kia over Malta at 29
  1963 Jean Cocteau, sensitive Vichyite & Nazi collaborator, at 71
  1990 Douglas Edwards, WW II correspondent, cancer at 73
  1992 Memento mori
12 633 King Edwin of Northumberland (616-633), at c. 50
  638 Pope Honorius I (625-628)
  642 Pope John IV (640-642)
  1320 Michael IX Paleologus, Byzantine Emperor (1295-1320)
  1436 Ludovico Colonna, Lord of Palestrina, General of Naples & the Holy Roman Church, assassinated by the Orsini
  1576 Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (1564-76)
  1730 King Frederik IV of Denmark and Norway (1699-1730)
  1870 Robert E Lee, at 63
  1915 Edith L Cavell, nurse, executed by the Germans
  1946 General Joseph "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell
  1990 Rifaat Maghub, Egyptian politician, murdered
13 54 Roman Emperor Claudius (41-54), mushroomed
  1093 Count Robert I of Flanders
  1240 Sultana Raziyya of Delhi (1236-1240), first female Moslem ruler
  1513 Ermes Bentivoglio, Patrician of Bologna, kia in Venetian service, battle of Olmo
  1513 Sagromoro Visconti, Patrician of Milan, kia in French service, Battle of Olmo
  1660 George Carew, regicide, hanged, drawn, & quartered
  1660 King Charles X Gustaf of Sweden (1654-60)
  1795 William Prescott, American Revolutionary soldier
  1812 Maj. Gen. Sir Isaac Brock, kia, Queenstown Heights
  1815 Joachim Murat, Marshal of France, sometime King of Naples (1808-15), executed at Pico
  1825 King Maximilian I Josef of Bavaria
  1909 Francisco Ferrer, Spanish anarchist, executed
  1915 Charles Hamilton Sorley, 20, war poet (“All the Hills and Vales Along”), kia, Loos
  1990 Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese diplomat, who refused a Nobel Peace Prize (1975)
  2000 Gus Hall, USN veteran, CPUSA President (1959-2000), still believing, at 90
  2002 Stephen Ambrose, historian ("Citizen Soldiers")
14 1066 King Harold of English, kia, Hastings
  1317 Malatesta II – Malatestino – Lord of Rimini (1312-1317), condottiero, at 75+
  1362 Ugolino Gonzaga, Lord of Luzzara, Condottiero, assassinated by his brother
  1536 Garcilaso de la Vega, Spanish soldier-poet, c. 35, 25 days after being m/w at Le Muy, France
  1753 James Keith, Jacobite adventurer, Prussian Generalfeldmarschal, kia Hochkirchen
  1944 Erwin Rommel, forced suicide at 52
  1983 Sgt Allen Soifert, USMC, peacekeeper, sniper in Beirut
  2002 Norbert Schultze, tunesmith ("Lili Marlene"), at 91.
15 961 Caliph 'Abd ar-Rahman III of Spain
  1080 Rudolf of Swabia, kia Saale
  1389 Pope Urban VI - Bartolomeo Prignano of Itri (1378-1389)
  1591 Pope Gregory XIV - Niccolo Spondrati (1590-1591)
  1820 Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg, Austrian Field Marshal, at 49
  1880 Chirichaua Apache Chief Victorio, kia by Mexican troops
  1917 GM Osmond Kelly Ingram, earning a Medal of Honor, USS Cassin
  1917 Mata Hari, shot as a spy by the French
  1934 Pres Raymond Poincare of France (1913-20), at 74
  1945 Pierre Laval, shot as a traitor by the French, at 62
  1946 Herman Goring, Nazi criminal, suicide to beat the hangman
16 1323 Count Amadeo V "the Great" of Savoy, at 74
  1680 Raimondo, Count of Montecucculi, Imperial Field Marshal, at c. 72
  1793 Queen Marie Antoinette of France, guillotined
  1796 King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia
  1946 Alfred Rosenberg, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Fritz Sauckel, Hans Franc, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Julius Streicher, Wilhelm Frick, & Wilhelm Keitel, Nazi criminals, hanged
  1959 George C Marshall, soldier, statesman, Peace Nobelist (1953), at 78
  1981 Moshe Dayan, Israeli general, Minister of Defense, at 66
  2005 William Allan, last Australian combat veteran of WW I, at 106
17 1312 Duke Jan II of Brabant and Limburg
  1586 Sir Philip Sidney, of wounds
  1587 Grand Duke Franncesco I de’Medici of Florence & his wife Bianca Cappello, poisoned by his brother, Cardinal Ferdinando I de' Medici, for the throne
  1605 Akbar, First Moghul Emperor of India (1566-1605), at 62
  1702 Count Walraad "the Old" of Nassau-Usingen
  1806 Emperor Jean Jacques Dessalines of Haiti
  1893 Marie MacMahon, Marshal of France, President (1873-1879)
  1910 Julia Ward Howe, poet ("Battle Hymn of Republic"), at 91
  1920 Gen Gerard Leman, Defender of Liege in 1914
  1967 Terry de la Mesa Allen, Jr., CDR, 2-28th Inf, kia Vietnam
18 31 Praetorian Praefect Lucius Aelius Seianus, c. 35, executed for conspiracy by Tiberius
  33 Agrippina, widow of Germanicus, self-starvation.
  707 Pope John VII (705-707)
  1216 King John of England (1199-1216), Signer of Magna Charta
  1417 Pope Gregory XII - Angelo Corrario (1406-1417)
  1439 Cristoforo Gaetani dell'Aquila, Count of Fondi, Baron of Itri, kia, besieging Naples
  1503 Pope Pius III - Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (22 Sep-18 Oct 1503)
  1676 Nathaniel Bacon, Virginian rebel, killed at 29
  1708 Henry of Nassau, Constable and Field Marshal of the Netherlands
19 1187 Pope Urban III - Uberto Crivelli (1185-1187)
  1813 Marshal of France Josef Poniatowski, drowned at Leipzig
  1863 John Tommy, of wounds from Gettysburg: first Chinese-American to die for his country
  1921 Premier Antonio Granjo of Portugal, murdered
20 1139 Duke Henry X of Bavaria (1126-38)
  1268 Conradin von Hohenstaufen, beheaded at 16, Naples
  1538 Francesco Maria della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, Condottiero, poisoned at Perugia at 48
  1740 HRE Charles VI (1711-40), leaving a mess for Maria Teresa
21 1422 King Charles VI of France (1380-1422), at 54
  1805 Horatio Nelson
  1943 Alfred Dudley Pound, First Sea Lord
22 322 BC Demosthenes, Athenian orator & politician, in exile on Calauria
  741 King Charles Martel of the Franks, Savior of Europe, at 63
  1154 King Stephen of England, at Canterbury
  1383 King Ferdinand I "the Wise" of Portugal
  1494 Duke Gian Galeazzo II Maria Sforza of Milan (1476-1494), at 12
  1735 Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough, 77, commander of English forces in Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession
  2002 Samuel L. Gravely, Jr. – first black American admiral, at 80.
23 42 BC Marcus Junius Brutus, suicide following his defeat at Second Philippii
  524 Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severinus Boethius, executed by Theodoric [or maybe 525]
  1404 Paolo Colleoni, Lord of Solza & Chignolo, Condottiero, murdered by his cousins Giovanni & Paolo
  1468 Bianca Maria Visconti, only child of Duke Filippo Maria Visconti of Milan, wife to Francesco Sforza, at 43
  1842 Bernardo O'Higgins, sometime "Dictator Supreme" of Chile
  1910 King Chulalongkon Rama V of Thailand (1868-1910), at 57
  2002 Lady Elizabeth Longford, historian ("Wellington")
24 996 King Hugh Capet of France (987-96)
  1537 Jane Seymour, Mrs. Henry VIII No. 3, giving birth to Edward VI
  1945 Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian quisling, executed
  1972 Jackie Robinson, veteran, at 53
  1975 Ismail Erez, Turkish ambassador, car bomb in Paris
  2003 Soong May-ling, Mdm. Chaing Kai-shek, at 105
25 625 Consecration of Pope Boniface IV (619-625)
  1047 King Magnus I of Norway and Denmark (1035-47)
  1154 Stephan of Blois, King of England (1135-54)
  1400 Geoffrey Chaucer, soldier, diplomat, courtier, author ("Canterbury Tales"), at about 57
  1415 The Duke of Alencon, the Duke of Brabant, Count Philip de Nevers, Duke Robert of Bar, & some 6,000 other French, plus c. 500 English & Welch, kia, Agincourt
  1495 King João II of Portugal (1481-95)
  1760 King George II of Great Britain, Victor of Dettingen
  1920 King Alexander of Greece, septicemia from a monkey bite
  1991 Gene Roddenberry, sometime B-17 pilot, at 70
26 82 Appius Claudius, kia, the Colline Gate
  82 Pontius Telesinus, Samnite Commander, kia, the Colline Gate
  899 King Alfred "the Great" of Wessex (871-99)
  1235 King Andres II Arpad of Hungary (1205-35)
  1440 Giles de Rais, Marshal of France, executed at 36 for murdering hundreds of children
  1864 'Bloody' Bill Anderson, ambushed by Union troops near Richmond, Miss
  1871 Maj. Gen. Robert Anderson, the Defender of Ft. Sumter
  1909 Prince Hirobumi Ito, Japanese Viceroy of Korea, assassinated
  1972 Igor Sikorsky, Russian-American aviation pioneer, at 83
  1979 ROK President Park Chung-hee, murdered by the head of the Korean CIA
27 939 King Athelstan of England (924-939), at about 45
  1505 Tsar Ivan III of Russia (1462-1505)
  1652 Count Henry of Nassau-Siegen
  1659 Wm. Robinson and Marmaduke Stevenson, hanged in Boston for Quakerism
  1962 Rudolph Anderson, U-2 pilot, shot down over Cuba
  1990 Elliott Roosevelt, sometime Brig. Gen., USAAF, at 80
28 312 Roman Emperor Maxentius (306-312), drowned at the Milvian Bridge
  1999 Rafael Alberti, Spanish war poet, at 96
29 1298 Count Guido I of Montefeltro (1255-66, 1282-83, 1293-96), Lord of Cesena, Forlì, Senigallia, Jesi, & the Guelf Romagna (1282-93), Lord of Pisa (1289-93), monk (1296-1298)
  1321 King Stefan VI of Serbia (1282-1321)
  1618 Sir Walter Raleigh, beheaded, allegedly for treason
  1665 King Antonio I of Kongo, beheaded by the Portuguese
  1885 George B McClellan, Maj Gen, U.S., at 58
  1950 King Gustav V of Sweden, at 92
  1965 Mehdi Am Barka, Moroccan socialist, murdered in Paris
30 130 Antinous, eromenos to Hadrian, drowned in the Nile at about 20
  298 Marcellus the Centurion, Martyred at Tangier for being a Christian
  1611 King Charles IX of Sweden (1604-11)
  1757 Sultan Osman III of Turkey (1754-57)
  1816 King Frederik I of Wurttemberg (1806-16)
  1841 Fire destroyes the Armoury of the Tower of London, with devastating loss of weapons & relics
  1910 Henri Dunant, Founder of the Red Cross
  1932 Field Marshal Paul Methuen, at 87
  2005 Gordon A. Craig, historian (“The Politics of the Prussian Army“), at 91
31 1448 Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaeologus
  1732 King Victor Amadeus I of Sardinia
  1851 Prince-Bishop Peter II Petrovic Njegos of Montenegro (1830-51), at 37
  1918 Stephen Tisza, Hungarian premier, assassinated
  1964 Theodore C Freeman, astronaut, at 34, T-38 crash
  1984 Premier Indira Gandhi of India, assassinated by two Sikh bodyguards
  1991 Joseph Papp, sailor, producer, of cancer at 70

Event
1 45 BC Caesar’s fifth Triumph, for the defeat of the Pompeians at Munda
  331 BC Alexander the Great trounces the Persians at Gaugamela
  670 BC The Battle of the Horatii and the Curiatii
  965 Accession of Pope John XIII (965-972)
  1040 Conan II succeeds his father, Alain III, as Duke of Brittany (1040-1066)
  1285 Battle of the Col de Panissars: Peter III of Aragón defeats Philip III of France
  1496 Battle of Eboli: The French defeat the Neapolitans
  1756 Battle of Lobositz: Prussians defeat the Austrians
  1800 Spain cedes Louisiana to France by secret treaty
  1800 U.S. Schooner Experiment captures French Schooner Diana.
  1835 Battle of Guadalupe Ford: Texians defeat the Mexicans
  1837 U.S treaty with Winnebago Indians
  1850 Moslems massacre Christians at Aleppo, Syria
  1860 Battle of the Volturno: Garibaldi defeats the Neapolitan Royalists
  1863 Russian fleet arrives to winter in New York
  1864 Lincoln hires John Staples as a "substitute" to encourage recruiting
  1880 John Philip Sousa becomes director of the Marine Corps Band
  1898 Tsar Nicholas II orders Jews expelled from some Russian cities
  1918 British & Arab forces liberate Damascus from the Turks
  1919 The “Hoop Spur Church” Massacre, Elaine, Arkansas: White racists initiate a three-day pogrom against alleged “black insurrectionists,” a few whites, over 100 blacks slain, some by federal troops
  1932 Sir Oswald Mosley forms the British Union of Fascists
  1935 Germany bans jazz and other "Negro" and "Jewish" music;
  1936 Francisco Franco named leader of Spanish Nationalists
  1938 Munich Conference ends in the German annexation of the Sudetenland
  1939 Churchill says the USSR "is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma”
  1941 Royal New Zealand Navy formed
  1942 Italian blockade runner Orseolo departs Bordeaux for Kobe
  1942 Maiden flight of the Bell P-59 Airacomet, 1st US jet
  1943 Allied forces liberate Naples
  1945 US Army discharges MSGT Joe Louis
  1949 Mao Tse-tung proclaims the People's Republic of China
  1950 ROK troops advance northwards across the 38th Parallel
  1951 Black 24th Infantry, falsely accused of cowardice, is deactivated; restored 1991
  1952 Britain explodes its first atom bomb, Monte Bello Island, Australia
  1955 USS Forrestal (CVA-59) commissioned, the first supercarrier
  1957 B-52 bombers begin full-time flying alert in case of USSR attack
  1958 Elvis arrives by ship in Bremerhaven, bound for Ray Caserne in Friedberg
  1958 NASA is formed
  1958 Vanguard Project transferred from the USN to NASA
  1980 Cosmonauts Ryumin & Popov break space endurance record of 176 days
  1992 USS Saratoga (CV-60) accidentally fires missiles at a Turkish destroyer in the Aegean, 5 die
2 48 BC Caesar arrives at Alexandria
  1187 Saladin captures Jerusalem, ending 83 years of Christian rule
  1263 Battle of Largs, Ayrshire: Scots defeat King Haakon IV of Norway 
  1341 Battle of San Quirico: The Pisans defeat the Florentines
  1569 Battle of Montcontour: French Catholics defeat the Huguenots
  1799 The Duke of York captures Alkmaar in the Netherlands
  1799 Washington Navy Yard established
  1864 Battle of Saltville, Va: Confederates slaughter black p/ws
  1870 Italy annexes the Papal States, makes Rome its capital
  1901 Royal Navy launches its first submarine, at Barrow
  1939 The OAS establishes a neutrality zone around the Western Hemisphere
  1941 Germans undertake “Operation Typhoon,” an all-out drive on Moscow
  1941 Six Parisian synagogues are bombed
  1942 Rabaul: U.S. air raid damages CL Yubari and other shipping
  1942 RMS Queen Mary slices CL Curacao in half, 338 die
  1943 New Guinea: Australian 20th Brigade secures Finschhafen
  1943 New Guinea: Ro-103 sinks DD Henley off Finschhafen
  1943 Solomons: Japanese troops evacuate Kolombangara
  1944 Polish "Warsaw Uprising" suppressed by the Nazis
  1949 USSR recognizes People's Republic of China
  1952 Britain explodes its first nuclear weapon, in Australia
  1998 Large Turkish force raids Kurdish areas of Iraq
3 1430 Jews are expelled from Eger, Bohemia
  1569 Battle of Moncontour: Defeat of the Huguenots near Paris
  1574 Relief of Leiden: William of Orange breaches the dykes to lift a long Spanish siege
  1707 Last Spanish troops in Naples surrender to Austrian Marshal Daun
  1860 Piedmontese-Italian Army invades Naples
  1861 Combat at Greenbriar, WVa
  1862 Battle of Corinth: Rosecrans's Yanks defeat Van Dorn's Rebs (to Oct 4)
  1863 Lincoln designates the last Thursday in November as "Thanksgiving Day"
  1895 Publication of Stephen Crane's "The Red Badge of Courage"
  1904 France and Spain sign a treaty to divide Morocco
  1918 Boris III becomes Tsar of Bulgaria (1918-1943)
  1921 The Unknown Soldier sails from France aboard USS Olympia
  1928 French submarine Ondine sinks, 42 die
  1929 Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, & Slovenes renamed Yugoslavia
  1932 Iraq gains independence from Britain, joins League of Nations
  1935 Italy invades Ethiopia
  1942 Aleutians: US troops occupy the Andreanof Islands
  1943 Central China, Japanese begin major "rice" offensive
  1943 Kolombangara: 9,500 Japanese troops complete evacuation
  1955 Former marine Bob Keeshan's "Captain Kangaroo" airs, runs 29 years
  1955 Soviet BB Novorossiisk (ex-Giulio Cesare) mined in the Baltic, many die
  1985 21st Shuttle Mission: Atlantis on the first all-military space flight
  1986 Soviet Yankee-class sub sinks off North Carolina, 3 die
  1989 Panamanian Defense Force attempts a coup against Manuel Noriega
  1990 East Germany & West Germany merge to become Germany
  2333 BC Tangun establishes the Kingdom of Chosun
4 0 Feast of St. Francis of Assisi, sometime soldier and prisoner-of-war
  1189 Siege of Acre: Crusaders defeat an Ayyubid assault
  1636 Battle of Wittsok: Swedes defeat the Imperialists
  1674 Battle of Enzheim: French defeat the Imperialists
  1693 Battle of Marsiglia: French defeat the Piedmontese
  1775 Continental Army Chief Surgeon Benjamin Church convicted of espionage
  1777 Battle of Germantown: Washington almost wins
  1821 First USN squadron sails for anti-slavery patrol off Africa
  1824 Emperor Iturbide overthrown, as Mexico becomes a republic
  1830 Belgian Provisional Government secedes from the Netherlands
  1861 Combat at Alamoosa/Ft. Craig, NM
  1861 Combat at Buffalo Hill, Ky
  1862 Battle of Corinth ends (from Oct 3)
  1910 Portugal becomes a republic, as King Manuel II flees to England
  1939 Last Polish troops surrender to the Germans
  1940 Hitler and Mussolini confer at the Brenner Pass
  1942 US sub sinks Japanese merchantman Setsuyo Maru east of Tokyo; Since Dec 7, '41 Japan has lost 700,000 grt
  1943 Corsica liberated by Free French troops
  1944 USS Ranger a/c raid German bases in Norway, sink or damage 8 ships
  1957 USSR orbits Sputnik I - the "Space Race" begins
  1962 USAF Maj Robert A Rushworth takes X-15 to 32,300 m
5 266 BC Triumph of N. Fabius Pictor for the defeat of the Umbrians
  610 zzzHercalius becomes Roman Emperor (610-641)
  1450 Ludwig IX expels the Jews from Lower Bavaria
  1496 Federigo I becomes King of Naples (1496-1501)
  1556 English storm Zutphen, in the Netherlands
  1689 Pietro Ottoboni elected Pope as Alexander VIII (1689-91), b. 1610
  1813 Battle of the Thames, Ont: Wm Henry Harrison defeats the British & Indians
  1862 Battle of Big Hatchie River, Ms
  1863 CSS David damages USS New Ironsides with a spar torpedo off Charleston
  1864 Battle of Allatoona
  1877 Chief Joseph says "I will fight no more forever."
  1908 Bulgaria declares independence from Turkey under Tsar Ferdinand I
  1911 Italian troops attack Tripoli
  1913 USN initiates trials of an amphibian flying boat
  1930 British airship crashes in storm at Beauvais, France, 48 die
  1943 US aircraft & ships raid Japanese positions on Wake Is
  1943 US civilians imprisoned on Wake executed by the Japanese
  1969 Cuban defector flies an MiG-17 undetected to Homestead Air Force Base, Fla
  1970 Quebec separatists kidnap British trade commissioner James Cross
  1981 Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg is made an honorary American citizen
  1983 Lech Walesa wins Nobel Peace Prize
  1986 London Times reports Israel is stocking nuclear arms
  1989 The Dalai Lama is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
6 64 BC Battle of Tigranocerta: Lucullus defeates Tigranes of Armenia
  105 BC Battle of Arausio: the Teutones & Cimbri defeat two Roman armies
  891 Election of Pope Formosus (891-896)
  1582 Gregorian calendar goes into effect in Italy, Poland, Portugal, & Spain; Oct 6th becomes Oct 15th
  1759 Carlo IV abdicates the throne of Naples to become Carlos III of Spain, leaving his younger son Ferdinand IV to become King of Naples (1759-1825)
  1777 Washington returns a British general's dog, "captured" at Germantown
  1781 Americans & French begin siege of Cornwallis at Yorktown
  1854 Great fire of Newcastle/Gateshead, UK: 53 die, hundreds injured.
  1884 Naval War College opens, in a former poor house at Newport, RI
  1908 Austria annexes Bosnia & Herzegovina, occupied since 1878
  1922 Allies end occupation of Constantinople
  1928 Chiang Kai-Shek becomes Chairman of the KMT.
  1935 Italian army captures Adua, Abyssinia
  1939 Hitler announces he had no intention of making war on Britain and France
  1943 Battle of Vella Lavella: USN & IJN tangle, both lose a DD
  1943 Himmler demands acceleration of "Final Solution"
  1944 Soviet troops enter Hungary and Czechoslovakia
  1944 U.S. troops secure Anguar, but mopping up continues.
  1949 Iva Toguri “Tokyo Rose” D'Aquino is sentenced to 10 years & fined $10,000
  1951 Stalin announces Russia has the atom bomb
  1958 SSN Seawolf remains under the polar ice for 60 days
  1961 JFK advises Americans to build bomb shelters
  1973 Syria & Egypt attack Israel, initiating the “Yom Kippur War”
  1987 Coup by Maj Gen Sitiveni Rabuka declares Fiji a republic
  2002 French tanker Limburg is attacked by terrorists off Yemen
7 316 Battle of Cibalae: Constantine defeats Licinius, supposedly with divine aid
  610 Heraclius becomes Roman Emperor (610-641)
  732 Battle of Poitiers: The Franks defeat the Arabs
  1502 Cesare Borgia meets with Macchiavelli, the Florentine Ambassador, and Leonardo, his military engineer at Imola
  1513 Battle of La Motta/Schio/Vicenza: Heavily outnumbered Spaniards defeat the Venetians
  1571 Battle of Lepanto: Turkish fleet defeated by an Italo-Spanish fleet
  1683 First Battle of Barkam: Poles & Imperialists defeat the Turks
  1690 English attack on Quebec fails
  1759 Ex-King Carlo IV sails from Naples to become Carlos III of Spain
  1777 Second Battle of Saratoga (Bemis Heights): Americans win
  1780 Battle of King’s Mountain: Tories defeated by Patriot militia
  1864 Bahia, Brazil: USS Wachusett disables CSS Florida
  1864 Battle of Darbytown Road, VA
  1908 Cretan revolt against the Turks
  1908 Serbia & Montenegro form an alliance against Austria-Hungary
  1916 Lance Cpl Adolf Hitler is wounded during the Battle of the Somme
  1926 Italian Fascist Grand Council meets for the first time
  1943 U.S. carriers and cruisers raid Wake Island
  1944 Uprising at Birkenau concentration camp
  1944 US a/c from Morotai begin raids on Japanese in the Philippines.
  1949 Soviets establish the German Democratic Republic
  1955 Supercarrier Saratoga (CV-60) is launched at the Brooklyn Navy Yard
  1985 PLO terrorists seize Italian cruise liner Achille Lauro
  1990 Gulf War: Israel begins handing out gas masks to its citizens
  2001 US & Allies initiate war in Afghanistan after the Taliban refuses to surrender Osama bin Laden
  3761 BC Creation of the world by the Jewish chronology
8 876 Battle of Andernach: The Germans defeat King Charles II "the Bald" of France
  1085 Consecration of St Mark's Cathedral in Venice
  1600 San Marino adopts a written constitution, after 1200 years of independence
  1652 Battle of Kentish Knock: Blake’s English fleet defeats de Witt’s Dutch off Dover
  1812 Lt. Jesse D. Elliott cuts out HMSs Detroit & Caledonia, in the Niagara River
  1827 Naval Battle of Navarino: Allies defeat the Ottomans
  1862 Battle of Perryville: Confederate invasion of Kentucky halted
  1863 Britain seizes the "Laird Rams," illicitly building for the Confederacy
  1871 Forest fire begins in Peshtigo, Wisc, c. 1100 die
  1871 Great Chicago Fire begins, c. 250 die
  1879 War of the Pacific, Battle of Punta Angamos: Chilean squadron defeats Peruvian ironclad Huascar
  1912 First Balkan War: Montenegro declares war on Turkey
  1916 Eighth Battle of the Isonzo begins (to Oct 10)
  1916 U-53 sinks five ships off Nantucket
  1917 Trotsky named chairman of the Petrograd Soviet
  1918 Sgt Alvin York captures “the whole damned German Army”
  1940 German troops enter Romania
  1941 Germans capture Mariupol, Russia
  1942 Guadalcanal: Battle on the Matanikau – Marines halt the Japanese
  1952 Chinese offensive in Korea
  1990 Israeli police kill 17 Palestinian rioters
  1998 Taliban forces from Afghanistan raid Iranian border posts
9 0 Roman observances in honour of Venus Victrix – “Venus the Victor”
  1000 Leif Eriksson “Discovers” America [three days “before” Columbus]
  1502 Cesare Borgia captures Pergola
  1683 Second Battle of Barkam: Poles & Imperialists defeat the Turks
  1708 Battle of Liesna: Russians defeat the Swedes
  1779 Luddite Riots begin in Manchester
  1835 Texians occupy Goliad
  1861 Combat at Santa Rosa, Fl
  1861 Skirmish at Hillsborough, Ky
  1864 Battle of Fisher's Hill
  1864 Cavalry Action at Tom’s Brook, Va: Yanks edge Rebs
  1867 “Empress” Carlotta of Mexico is declared insane
  1895 Battle of Debra Aial: Italians defeat the Abyssinians
  1914 Germans capture Antwerp, as Belgians & British withdraw
  1915 Belgrade surrenders to Austro-German forces
  1930 Laura Ingalls completes the first cross-country flight by a woman
  1940 The Blitz: St. Paul’s Cathedral is damaged
  1942 Guadalcanal: Japanese destroyers land elms 2nd Div.
  1942 Guadalcanal: Marines encircle Japanese 4th Inf Regt
  1944 Elms Third Fleet shell Marcus Island.
  1944 German occupiers turn off the electricity in Amsterdam
  1945 Ticker tape parade on Broadway for Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz
  1962 Algerian-Moroccan border fighting, 130 die
  1962 NASA pilot John B McKay takes X-15 to 39,200 m
  1963 French air force gets nuclear weapons
  1975 Andrei Sakharov, Soviet bomb-maker, awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
  1983 Four ROK cabinet ministers assassinated in Rangoon, by North Koreans
  1990 Saddam Hussein threatens to hit Israel with a new missile
10 680 Battle of Kerbala: Shia Imam Huseyn is defeated by the Caliph Yazid I ibn Muawiyah
  732 Battle of Tours: Franks defeat Moslem invaders
  769 Ancient Icon of the Madonna installed at the Santuario della Civitate, Itri
  881 Arab raiders sack the Monastery of San Vincenzo al Volturno
  1471 Battle of Brunkeberg, Stockholm
  1500 Pandolfo Malatesta surrenders Rimini to Cesare Borgia
  1547 Battle of Pinkie: English defeat the Scots
  1571 Battle of Tillyangus: Clan Gordon defeats Clan Forbes
  1573 Spanish capture Tunis
  1578 Count Johan Casimir occupies Ghent with 500 horsemen
  1739 War of Jenkins' Ear begins: Britain against Spain
  1794 Austro-Russian Army crushes Kosciuzko's Polish liberation army
  1800 “Conspiracy of the Daggers” to murder Napleon uncovered in France
  1806 Battle of Saalfeld: French defeat the Prussians
  1868 Cuban revolt begins ten year war with Spain
  1905 Ens Ernest J. King weds Martha L. Egerton, Cadet Chapel, West Point!
  1911 Republican revolution in China overthrows the Manchu
  1914 Belgians evacuate Antwerp
  1916 Eighth Battle of the Isonzo ends (from Oct 8)
  1918 Allenby enters Jerusalem
  1920 Italy annexes South Tirol (Alto Adige)
  1924 Ibn Saud captures Mecca
  1935 League of Nations denounces Italian invasion of Abyssinia
  1944 17 US carriers raid the Ryukyus
  1944 Over 800 Gypsy children are murdered at Auschwitz
  1944 Soviet forces isolate Germans in the Baltic States
  1962 Federal troops secure entry of black veteran James Meredith to "Ole Miss"
  1988 Mikhail Gorbachev becomes President of the USSR
11 1427 Battle of Maclodio: Carmagnola’s Venetians defeat the Milanese under Carlo Malatesta
  1502 Vitellozzo Vitelli betrays Cesare Borgia and seizes Castel Durante
  1669 Peter the Great becomes tsar of Russia
  1776 Battle of Valcour I.: American squadron under Benedict Arnold halts the British on Lake Champlain
  1797 Royal Navy defeats the Dutch off Camperdown
  1811 Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos: Lord Hill's Anglo-Spanish forces rout the French
  1860 The Irish 69th NY Militia refuses to parade for the Prince of Wales.
  1861