March Military History

Born

1	1456	King Wladyslaw Jagiello of Bohemia (1471-1516) & Hungary (1490-1516)
	1528	Duke Albrecht V von Wittelsbach "the Generous" of Bavaria
	1811	Robert Christie Buchanan, Brig. Gen. U.S., d. 1878
	1822	Albin Francisco Schoepf, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1886
	1822	Charles Champion Gilbert, Brig Gen, U.S.
	1828	James Fleming Fagan, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1893
	1831	Hiram Bronson Granbury, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1864
	1852	Theophile Delcasse, statesman, architect of the "Entente Cordiale"
	1904	Glenn Miller, military bandmaster, MIA, 1944
	1922	Yitzak Rabin, Israeli general & PM
	1924	Donald "Deke" Slayton, USAF, astronaut (Apollo-Soyuz)
2	1316	Robert II the Steward, King of Scots (1371-90)
	1383	Count Amadeus VI of Savoy
	1409	Duke Jean II d'Alencon, Comrade to Jeanne d'Arc
	1459	Adrian Dedel - Pope Adrian VI (1522-1523)
	1481	Franz von Sickingen, knight, adventurer, intriguer, kia 1523
	1793	Samuel P. Houston, President of Texas (1836-38, 1841-44)
	1810	Giacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci - Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903)
	1824	Henry Beebee Carrington, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1912
	1828	Jefferson Columbus Davis, Brig Gen, U.S., unindicted murderer, d. 1879
	1829	Carl Schurz, Maj Gen, U.S.,
	1876	Eugenio Pacelli - Pope Pius XII, (1939-58) (see Events)
	1904	Dr. Seuss, who fought Nazis with a pen
	1931	Mikhail Gorbachev, last head of the Soviet Union (1985-91)
3	1747	Kasimir Pulaski, Polish and American patriot, kia
	1895	Matthew Ridgeway, who jumped into Normandy
	1899	Alfred Gruenther, US, commanding general, NATO, 1953-56
	1942	Vladimir V Kovalyonok, cosmonaut (Soyuz 25, 29, T-4)
4	1133	Henry Plantagenet of Anjou - King Henry II of England
	1394	Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal
	1798	John Joseph Abercrombie, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1877
	1826	John Buford, Maj Gen, U.S., who opened the ball at Gettysburg, d. 1863
	1828	Elisha Franklin "Bull" Paxton, Brig Gen, C.S.A.
	1903	Luis Carrero Blanco, Spanish admiral and Premier (1967-1973), assassinated 1973
5	1324	David II, King of Scotland(1331-71)
	1326	King Ladislas I "the Great" of Hungary (1342-82) & Poland(1370-82)
	1512	Gerard Mercator, mapmaker
	1574	William Oughtred, inventor of the slide rule
	1585	Elector Johan Georg I of Saxony (1611-56)
	1825	John Dunovant, Brig Gen, C.S.A., KIA 1864
	1853	Howard Pyle, illustrator ("The Pirates")
	1953	Valery Grigoriyevich Korzun, Russian cosmonaut
6	1405	King Juan II of Castille
	1475	Michelangelo Buonarrotti, military engineer
	1483	Francesco Guicciardini, diplomat, historian ("History of Florence & the Affairs of Italy")
	1619	Cyrano de Bergerac, soldier, poet d. 1655
	1779	Antoine-Henri Jomini, soldier, author ("The Art of War"), d. 1869
	1820	Horatio Gouverneur Wright, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1899
	1831	Philip "Little Phil" Sheridan, Gen, U.S., d. 1888
	1835	Charles Ewing, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1883
	1844	Nicolai Rimski-Korsakov, naval officer, composer (NS = 3/18)
	1923	Ed McMahon, Marine fighter pilot, TV personalisty
7	189	P. Septimius Geta, Roman co-Emperor (Feb 4-Dec ?, 211), murdered by his brother Caracalla
	1693	Carlo della Torre Rezzonico - Pope Clement XIII (1758-1769)
	1707	Stephen Hopkins, Signer of the Declaration of Independence
	1785	Alessandro Manzoni, author ("The Betrothed")
	1827	Henry DeLamar Clayton, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1889
	1831	John Bratton, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1898
	1832	Orlando Metcalfe Poe, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895
	1904	Reinhard Heydrich, Nazi, assassinated 1942
	1940	Viktor Petrovich Savinykh, cosmonaut (Soyuz T-4)
8	1748	Prince Wilhelm V of Orange-Nassau
	1799	Simon Cameron, crooked Secretary of War, 1861, d. 1889
	1836	Matthew Calbraith Butler, Maj Gen, C.S.A.
	1841	Oliver Wendell Holmes, one of thosse "touched by fire"
	1891	Sam Jaffee, actor ("Gunga Din")
	1952	Aleksandr A Volkov, Russian cosmonaut
9	1454	Amerigo Vespucci, explorer
	1839	Felix Huston Robertson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1928
	1881	Enver Pasha, Young Turk, kia 1922
	1890	Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov, henchman to Stalin, d 1986
	1900	Duke Aimone of Spoleto, King of Croatia (1941-43)
	1946	German Semyonovich Arzamazov, Russian cosmonaut
	1959	Barbie
	1970	Melissa Rathburn-Nealy, American soldier, POW, Iraq, 1991
10	1452	King Ferdinand II "the Catholic" of Aragon and Sicily
	1503	Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (1558-64)
	1538	Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk; executed by Queen Elizabeth, 1572
	1776	Queen Louise of Prussia; "The only man in Prussia" - Napoleon
	1824	Thomas James Churchill, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1905
	1830	Robert Lowry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1910
	1832	William Henry Penrose, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1903
	1845	Tsar Alexander III (1881-94)
	1964	Prince Edward Windsor, the Earl of Wessex
	1966	Pavel Petrovich Mukhortov, Russian cosmonaut
11	1544	Torquato Tasso, poet, d. 1595
	1731	Robert Treat Paine, Signer of the Declaration of Independence
	1811	Marsena Rudolph Patrick, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1888
	1818	John Wilkins Whitfield, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1879
	1822	Allison Nelson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862
	1832	William Ruffin Cox, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1919
	1840	Edmund Kirby, Jr, Brig Gen, U.S., d/w 1863
	1890	Vannevar Bush, chairman of the National Defense Research Committee, 1940-1945
	1892	Raoul Walsh, director ("Battle Cry")
	1892	Wladyslaw Anders, Polish General
	1899	King Frederick IX of Denmark (1947-72)
	1907	Helmuth von Moltke, politician, anti-Hitler conspirator
12	1336	Duke Edward of Gelre (1361-71)
	1479	Giuliano de' Medici, Lord of Florence
	1816	David Stuart, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1868
	1818	John Lorimar Worden, naval officer, U.S., d. 1897
	1821	Prince-Regent Luitpold of Bavaria
	1823	William Flank Perry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901
	1827	John Robert Jones, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901
	1827	William Richard Terry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1897
	1830	William Felix Brantley, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1870
	1863	Gabriele D'Annunzio, poet & condottiero, d 1938
	1864	Charles Young, USMA 1889, the first black colonel in the Regular Army, d. 1923
	1877	Wilhelm Frick, Nazi "Protector" of Bohemia and Moravia
	1881	Mustafa Kemal Attaturk, d. 1938
	1911	President Gustavo Diaz Ordaz of Mexico (1964-1970)
	1923	Walter "Wally" Schirra, Jr, USN, astronaut
13	1615	Antonio Pignatelli - Pope Innocent XII (1691-1700)
	1696	Louis, duc de Richelieu, Marshal of France
	1763	Guillaume Marie Anne Brune, Marshal of France, k. 1815
	1764	Earl Grey, Prime Minister (1830-34)
	1818	Albion Parris Howe, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897
	1820	Louis Herbert, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901
	1844	Umberto I, King of Italy (1878-1900)
	1913	William J Casey, CIA director, 1981-87
	1914	Edward H. "Butch" O'Hare, naval ace, MoH, mia 1943.
14	1804	Johann Strauss the Elder, composer ("The Radetzky March")
	1808	Catharinus Putnam Buckingham, Brig Gen, U.S.,
	1816	Montgomery Dent Corse, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1895
	1820	King Victor Emanuel II of Sardinia (1849-61) and Italy (1861-78)
	1823	Roswell Sabine Ripley, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1887
	1833	John Sappington Marmaduke, Maj Gen, C.S.A
	1844	King Umberto I of Italy (1878-1900), assassinated, 1900
	1879	Albert Einstein
	1903	Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish nationalist
	1928	Frank Borman, astronaut
	1933	Michael Caine, actor ("Zulu")
	1934	Eugene Cernan, USN, astronaut
	1939	William B Lenoir, astronaut
	1958	Prince Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre of Monaco
15	1493	Anne Pierre Adrien, Duke of Montmorency, Marshal of France
	1638	Shunzhi, Emperor of China (1643-1661)
	1767	Andrew Jackson, soldier and president (1828-37)
	1811	Robert Allen, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1886
	1831	Edward Aylesworth Perry, Brig Gen, C.S.A.
	1905	Count Berthold von Stauffenberg, soldier, unsuccessful assassin, executed, 1944
	1905	Joe Ross, actor ("Sgt Ritzik" - the Phil Silvers Show)
	1924	Richard Topus, in Brooklyn, US Army master pigeonman, 1942-1945, d. 2008
	1932	Alan Lavern Bean, USN, astronaut (Apollo 12, Skylab 3)
	1947	Larisa Grigoriyevna Pozharskaya, Russian cosmonaut
16	1739	George Clymer, Signer of the Declaration of Independence
	1751	James Madison, militiaman, President (1809-1817), d. 1836
	1802	George Archibald McCall, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1868
	1812	Henry Dwight Terry, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1869
	1822	John Pope, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1892
	1832	Charles Camp Doolittle, Brig Gen, U.S.
	1856	Prince Imperial Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, kia Zululand, 1879
	1878	Cardinal Clemens Graf von Galen of Munster, anti-Nazi
	1878	Reza Pahlawi, Shah of Persia
	1911	Josef Mengele, Nazi war criminal, d. 1979
	1927	Vladimir M Komarov, Russia cosmonaut
	1932	Walter M Cunningham, USMC, astronaut (Apollo 7)
17	1473	King James IV of Scotland (1488-1513)
	1804	James Bridger, mountain man
	1828	Patrick Cleburne, Maj. Gen., C.S.A., kia, 1864
	1832	Walter Quintin Gresham, Brig Gen., U.S.
	1930	James B Irwin, USAF, astronaut (Apollo 15)
	1936	Thomas K Mattingly II, USN, astronaut
18	1286	Alexander III, King of Scotland
	1609	King Frederick III of Denmark & Norway (1648-70)
	1765	Baron David Chass�, Dutch general, ally and enemy of Napoleon
	1782	John Caldwell Calhoun, greatest Secretary of War
	1829	William Robertson Boggs, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1911
	1837	Grover Cleveland, draft dodger, president (1885-89, 93-97)
	1838	Randal Cremer, Nobel Peace Prize, 1903
	1839	Francis Fessenden, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1906
	1848	Nathaniel Herreshoff, yacht & torpedo boat designer
	1858	Rudolph Diesel, who made a little engine
	1869	Neville Chamberlain, British Prime Minister (1937-40), appeaser
	1892	Robert Tristram Coffin, war poet and correspondent
	1893	Wilfred Owen, soldier-poet ("Anthem for a Doomed Youth")
	1899	Lavrenti Beria, henchman to Stalin, k. 1953
	1920	Karol Wojtyla - Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)
19	1603	King John IV "the Fortunate" of Portugal(1640-56)
	1734	Thomas McKean, Signer of the Declaration of Independence
	1813	David Livingstone, who got "lost" in Africa
	1817	Lewis Henry Little, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862
	1819	David Henry Williams, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1891
	1821	Francis Barretto Spinola, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1884
	1821	Sir Richard Francis Burton, soldier, adventurer, litterateur
	1827	Alexander Shaler, Brig Gen., U.S., d. 1911
	1837	Robert Daniel Johnston, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1919
	1848	Wyatt Earp, "Brave, Courageous, and Bold"
	1860	William Jennings Bryan, sometime colonel, U.S.V.
	1883	Joseph Stilwell - "Vinegar Joe", d. 1946
	1889	King Manoel II of Portugal (1908-10)
	1905	Albert Speer, Nazi con artist
	1906	Adolf Eichman, Nazi mass murderer
	1925	Brent Scowcroft, Air Force general, NSA advisor
20	41	Marcus Didius Falco, soldier, detective, fictionally, d. c. 100
	43	BC Ovid, racy poet, d AD 17
	1725	Sultan Abd�l-Hamid I of Turkey (1774-89)
	1804	Neal Dow, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897
	1811	"L'Aiglon" - Napoleon II Bonaparte, King of Rome, Duke of Reichstadt
	1812	George Bibb Crittenden, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1880
	1820	Prince Alexander Ian Cuza of Moldavia-Wallachia (Romania)
	1823	John Echols, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1896
	1825	William Nelson Rector Beall, Brig Gen, C.S.A.
	1830	Eugene Asa Carr, Brig Gen., U.S., d. 1910
	1870	Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck - "Hai Safari!"
	1882	Rene Coty, President of France (1953-58)
	1917	Dame Vera Lynn, singer ("The White Cliffs of Dover")
21	1076	Duke Robert I Burgundy (1072-1076)
	1274	King Robert I the Bruce of Scotland
	1306	Duke Robert II of Burgundy (1272-1306)
	1521	Duke Maurice of Saxony (1547-53)
	1609	Cardinal Jan II Kazimierz, King of Poland (1648-68)
	1713	Francis Lewis, Signer of the Declaration of Independence
	1806	Benito Juarez, President of Mexico (1858-72)
	1839	Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, army Officer, composer ("Pictures at an Exhibition") d. 1881
22	1459	Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg (1493-1519)
	1797	Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany (1871-88)
	1813	Gabriel Rene Paul, Brig Gen, U.S., blinded at Gettysburg, d. 1886
	1817	Braxton Bragg, Gen, C.S.A., d. 1876
	1819	William Wirt Adams, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1888
	1822	Seth Williams, Brig Gen., U.S., d. 1866
	1824	William Henry Chase Whiting, Maj Gen, C.S.A.,
	1834	Francis Asbury Shoup, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1896
	1837	Virginia Oldoini, later the Countess de Castiglione, seducer of emperors & kings, d. 1899
	1869	Emilio Aguinaldo, Philippine nationalist.
	1907	James "Slim Jim" Gavin, soldier
	1910	Nicholas Montserrat, novelist ("The Cruel Sea")
	1913	Karl Malden, actor ("Patton")
	1918	Cheddi Jagan, Guyanese premier (1953, 1957-64)
	1972	Prince Pieter Christian of the Netherlands
	2233	Capt. James Tiberius Kirk
23	1754	Baron Jurij Vega, Hapsburg artilleryman, d. 1802
	1818	Don Carlos Buell, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1898
	1825	Edward Lloyd Thomas, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1898
	1883	Faisal ibn Hussein ibn Ali, King of Iraq, friend to Lawrence
	1887	Prince Felix Yussupov, who [eventually] killed Rasputin, d. 1967
	1912	Werner von Braun, Nazi rocket scientist who got over
24	1188	Ferrand of Portugal, Count of Flanders
	1441	Elector Ernst I of Saxony (1464-86)
	1607	Michiel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral
	1821	George Hector Tyndale, Brig Gen, U.S.
	1898	Dorothy Stratton, first head of the SPARS
25	1133	King Henry II of England (1154-89)
	1252	Conradin, king-aspirant of Naples & Sicily (1262-1266), beheaded in Naples in 1268
	1347	St. Catherine of Siena, fierce lady
	1413	Pietro Maria II de'Rossi "il Magnifico" of San Secondo, d. 1482
	1767	Joachim Murat, Marshal of France, King of Naples (1808-15), shot 1815
	1782	Carolina Bonaparte, Napoleon's sister, Mrs. Murat
	1818	Isaac Ingalls Stevens, Maj Gen, U.S, KIA, Chantilly, 1862
	1820	Count Xavier of Merode, Belgian Minister of Defense
	1823	William Thompson Martin, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1910
	1867	Arturo Toscanini, conductor, anti-fascist
	2184	Ens. Pavel Andreivich Chekov
26	603	Pacal, Lord of the Maya
	1479	Grand Prince Vasili III of Moscow (1505-33)
	1773	Nathaniel Bowditch, oceanographer ("American Practical Navigator"), d 1838
	1813	Thomas West Sherman, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1879
	1817	Herman Haupt, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1905
	1868	King Fuad I of Egypt (1922-36)
	1875	Syngman Rhee, President of the Republic of Korea (1948-1960), d 1965
	1914	William Westmoreland, d. 2005
	1919	Sterling Hayden, OSS agent, actor ("Dr Strangelove", "The Godfather"), d 1986
	1962	Yuri Pavlovich Gidzenko, Russian cosmonaut
27	1746	Carlo Bonaparte, who had a famous son
	1785	"Louis XVII" - who didn't become king of France, d. 1795.
	1823	Samuel Kosciusko Zook, Brig Gen, U.S., d/w, Gettysburg, 1863
	1893	Dragoljub "Draza" Mihailovic, Chetnik and Nazi collaborator
	2007	Charlotte Winters, last surviving WW I "Yeomanette", at 109
28	1	Jesus [Alt Trad]
	1468	Duke Charles I of Savoy (1482-1489)
	1515	St. Theresa of Avila
	1660	King George I of Great Britain (Georg Ludwig of Hanover)
	1727	Elector Maximilian III Joseph of Bavaria (1745-77)
	1818	Wade Hampton, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1902
	1840	Eduard Carl Oscar Theodor Schnitzer/Mehmet Emin Pasha, German adventurer
	1862	Aristide Briand, Nobel Peace Prize in 1926 for "Outlawing" war
	1872	Jose Sanjurjo y Sacanell, Spanish general and conspirator, d. 1936
	1928	Zbigniew Brzezinski, national security advisor, 1977-1981
29	1790	John Tyler, militiaman, president
	1816	James Gallant Spears, Brig Gen, U.S.
	1821	Joshua Thomas Owen, Brig Gen, U.S.
	1829	Robert Emmett Rodes, Maj Gen, C.S.A.
	1899	Lavrenty Beria, Chekist, executed, 1953
	1947	Aleksandr Stepenovich Viktorenko, Russian cosmonaut
30	1135	Maimonides [Moses ben Maimon], philospher, physician
	1432	Sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" of Turkey (1451-81)
	1746	Francesco Jose de Goya, artist ("The Horrors of War"), d. 1828
	1785	Field-Marshal Henry Viscount Hardinge, of the Peninsular War and Sutlej Campaign
	1790	Joseph Smith, naval officer, U.S., d. 1877
	1823	Joseph Farmer Knipe, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1901
	1824	Innis Newton Palmer, Brig Gen., U.S.
	1825	Samuel Bell Maxey, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1895
	1957	Yelena Vladimirovna Kondakova, Russian cosmonaut
31	250	Flavius Constantius I, Roman Emperor (305-306), father of Constantine
	1187	Prince Arthur, Duke of Brittany, nephew to Richard Lionheart, murdered by his Uncle John, 1203
	1425	Bianca Maria Visconti, only child of Duke Filippo Maria Visconti of Milan, wife to Francesco Sforza, d. 1468
	1499	Giovanni Angelo Medici - Pope Pius IV (1559-1565).
	1518	King Henry II of France
	1596	Rene Descartes, who thought and therefore was
	1675	Propsero Lorenso Lambertini - Pope Benedict XIV (1740-1758)
	1723	King Frederik V of Denmark & Norway (1746-66)
	1732	Franz Joseph Haydn
	1732	King Frederick V of Denmark
	1817	General Richard D. Guyon, Hungarian patriot, 1848
	1837	Stephen Dodson Ramseur, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d/w 1864
	1840	John Herbert Kelly, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d/w 1864
	1948	Albert Gore Jr, sometime soldier, vice-president (1993-2001)

Died

1	492	Pope St Felix III
	965	Anti-Pope Leo VIII (963-65)
	1131	King Stefan II of Hungary (1116-31)
	1383	Count Amadeus VI "Il Conte Verde" of Savoy, at 49
	1510	Francisco d'Almeida, Portuguese Viceroy of India, kia at c. 59
	1870	Francisco Solano Lopez, Marshal-President of Paraguay (1862-70), kia at 43
	1920	Joseph Trumpeldor, killed defending Tel Mai Kibuttz
	1921	King Nicholas Petrovic Njegos of Montenegro (1910-18), at 79
	1938	Gabrielle d'Annunzio, poet and condottiero, at 74
	1985	Eugene List, concert pianist, GI, who played for the "Big Three" at Potsdam and numerous presidents, b. 1918
2	254	Pope St Lucius (253-254)
	986	King Lothaire III of France(954-86), poisoned
	1122	Count Floris II de Vette of Holland
	1127	Count Charles I �the Good� of Flanders, assassinated
	1333	W?adys?aw I �the Elbow-high,� Grand Duke (1306-1320) and King (1320-1333) of Poland, at c. 72
	1830	Emperor Francis II of Austria
	1855	Tsar Nicholai I of Russia (1825-55)
	1895	Khedive Ismail Pasha of Egypt (1863-79), at 64
	1979	Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish leader, at 75
3	493	Odoacer, self-proclaimed King of Italy (476-493), executed by Theoderic of the Ostrogoths
	561	Pope Pelagius I (556-561)
	1539	Sir Nicholas Carew, beheaded
	1707	Shah Aurangzeb of India, at 89
	1728	Camille, Duke de Tallard, Marshal of France
	1937	Amelia Earhart & Fred Noonan, lost over the Pacific
	2005	Redmond A. Simonsen, Wargamer, S&T art director, at 62
4	268	Gallienus, Roman Emperor (260-268), murdered, c 50
	1172	King Stephan III of Hungary (1162-72)
	1193	Kurdish Sultan Saladin Yusuf ibn Ayyub of Egypt and Syria, at Damascus, c. 55
	1484	St Kazimierz, King of Poland
	1794	Count Henri de Larochejacquelin, counterrevolutionary, executed at 21
	1916	Franz Marc (1880-1916), German artist, kia
5	1223	Afonso II of Portugal
	1291	Sa'ad al'Da'ulah, Jewish grand vizier of Persia, assassinated
	1588	Prince Henri I de Conde
	1605	Pope Clement VIII - Ippolito Aldobrandini (1592-1605), at 69
	1625	King James VI of Scots (1567-1625) & I of England (1603-25), 58
	1644	Ferrante Pallavicino, Marquis of Scipione, Benedictine Canon, 29, beheaded at Avignon, for satirizing the Barberini family.
	1649	Arthur, Lord Capell, beheaded, Old Palace Yard, London
	1649	Henry, Earl of Holland, beheaded, Old Palace Yard, London
	1649	James, Duke of Hamilton, beheaded, Old Palace Yard, London
	1770	Crispus Attucks, James Caldwell, Patrick Carr, Samuel Gray, and Samuel Maverick, shot by the Redcoats
	1778	Thomas A Arne, composer ("Rule Britannia"), at 67
	1903	George Francis Robert Henderson, British officer, historian ("Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War"), b. 1854
	1953	Josef V Stalin, mass murderer, in bed at 73
	1953	Sergei Prokofiev, composer
6	1786	Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Napier
	1881	Horatia Nelson Ward, daughter of Lord Nelson & Lady Hamilton, at 80
	1932	John Philip Sousa, soldier, sailor, and marine, at 77
	1933	Mayor Anton J Cermak of Chicago, of wounds from an assassin
	1964	King Paul I of Greece (1947-64)
	1984	Martin Niem�ller, WW I u-boat skipper, anti-Nazi clergyman, at 92
7	322	BC Aristotle, b. 384 BC
	851	Duke Nominoe of Brittany (826-851)
	1040	King Harold I of England (1035-40)
	1111	Count Bohemund I of Taranto, Prince of Antioch
	1274	St Thomas Aquinas, at 48
	1724	Pope Innocent XIII - Michelangelo dei Conti (1721-1724), at 68
	1737	Count Guido Starhemberg, Imperial Field Marshal, at 79
	1810	Admiral Lord Collingwood, friend to Nelson, b 1748
	1862	Brig. Gen. Ben McCulloch, CSA, kia at Elkhorn Tavern
	1862	Brig. Gen. McIntosh, CSA, kia, Elkhorn Tavern
	1932	Aristide Briand, who helped "outlaw" war, at 69
	1941	Gunther Prien, daring skipper of U-47, kia at 34
	1951	Shah Ali Razmara of Iran (1950-51), assassinated
	1999	Stanley Kubrick, director ("Paths of Glory"), b. 1928
8	161	Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius (138-161), at 74
	1144	Pope Celestine II - Guido del Casetllo (1143-1144)
	1403	Sultan Bajazet I "Ylidirim" (1387-1403), c. 45, at Antioch
	1460	James II of Scotland, accidental cannon explosion at Roseburgh
	1466	Duke Francesco Sforza of Milan (1450-466), condottiero, at 65
	1702	King William III of England (1689-1702), at 51
	1862	Nat Gordon, slave smuggler, hanged in New York
	1874	Millard Fillmore, militiaman, president (1850-53), at 74
	1889	John Ericsson, who designed the Monitor
	1917	Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin, at 78
	1921	Premier Eduardo Dato of Spain, assassinated in Madrid
9	1062	Count Herbert of Maine
	1329	Edmund, the Earl of Kent, beheaded
	1661	Jules Cardinal Mazarin, chief minister of France, sometime soldier
	1931	Ida Wells-Barnett, civil rights advocate
	1964	Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck - "Hai safari!", at 93
10	483	Pope St. Simplicimus (468-483)
	858	Pope Benedict III
	1333	King Ladislas III of Poland
	1826	King Jo�o VI of Portugal (1816-26), at 56
	1864	King Maximilian II Joseph of Bavaria (1848-64), at 52
	1872	Giuseppe Mazzini, at 66
	1913	Harriet Tubman, at c. 93
	1985	Konstanin Chernenko, Soviet leader
11	222	Elagabalus, very strange Roman Emperor (218-222), decapitated at 19 by the Praetorians, Julia Soaemias, his mother, likewise, at about 42
	1425	BC Pharaoh Thutmose III "The Great"
	1486	Albrecht III Achilles of Brandenburg, at 71
	1944	Hendrik van Loon, historian ("Van Loon's Lives")
	1948	Ian Masaryk, Czech Foreign Minister, "accidental" fall from a window
	1949	Henri-Honor� Giraud, French General, at 70
	1957	Rear Adm Richard E Byrd, at 68
12	417	Pope Innocent I (401-417)
	604	Pope St Gregory I "the Great" (590-604), at 64
	1507	Cesare Borgia - "The Prince" - kia, siege of Vicu�a, Navarre, at 31
	1889	Emperor Yohannes IV of Ethiopia (1872-89), kia
	1925	Sun Yat-Sen, Chinese revolutionary leader
	1944	Col. John W. Thomason, USMC - "The Kipling of the Corps"
	1945	Anne Frank, of typhus at 14
	2008	Lazare Ponticelli, 110, the last Poilu, last Foreign Legion, and last Italian veteran of WW I
13	565	Belisarius, in disgrace, but not blind, Constantinople
	1202	Grand Duke Mieszko III "the Elder" of Poland (1173-77, 1200-02)
	1516	King Vladislav II Jagiello of Bohemia (1490-1516), at 60
	1528	Vespasiano Colonna, duca di Gaeta, conte di Fondi, signor d'Itri, condottiero
	1569	Prince Louis Conde, Huguenot leader, kia
	1858	Felice Orsini, Italian patriot who had attempted to assassinate Napoleon III, executed at 38
	1881	Tsar Alexander II of Russia, assassinated
	1901	Benjamin Harrison, veteran and president (1889-1893)
	1941	A Coenradi, Bernard Iron, E Hellenbyn, and J Eyl, Dutch resistance fighters, executed by the Nazis
	1943	Stephen Vincent Ben�t, poet ("John Brown's Body"), b. 1898
	1945	Maj. Gen. Charles Dick - "Father of the National Guard"
	1945	Vera & Libera Arduino, Italian Resistance fighters, shot
	1946	Werner von Blomberg, German War Minister, at 67
	1955	King Yung Deva of Nepal (1911-55), at about 48
	1986	Alvaro Fayad Delgado, leader of Colombian M-19 rebels
14	4	BC King Herod the Great of Judea (58 BC-4 BC)
	1405	Timur, Mongol warlord, at c. 68
	1490	Duke Charles I of Savoy, at 21
	1573	Claude II of Lorraine, the Duke of Aumale
	1590	Gen. Philip van Egmont, Prince of Gavere, kia at 30
	1647	Frederik Henry, Count of Nassau and Prince of Orange
	1751	Field Marshal George Wade, at 80, after 58 years in the service
	1883	Karl Marx, the real exploiter of the masses, b. 1818
	1989	Zita, last Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary (1916-1918), at 96
15	44	BC "Et tu, Brute?"
	752	Pope Zachary (741-52)
	963	Byzantine Emperor Romanus II (959-63), at 25
	1034	King Mieszko II of Poland (1025-34)
	1311	Walter of Brienne, Duke of Athens, kia, Halmyros
	1849	Cardinal Mezzofanti, fluent in 45 languages, at 75
	1944	Otto von Below, German general, Victor of Caporetto
16	455	Emperor Valentinian III (424-455), b. 419, assassinated
	1185	King Baldwin IV "the Leper" of Jerusalem
	1286	King Alexander III of Scotland
	1536	Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pasha of the Ottoman Empire, murdered, c. 45
	1838	Nathaniel Bowditch, oceanographer ("American Practical Navigator"), at 64
	1854	Louis Napoleon, the Prince Imperial of France, killed in action by the Zulu, 1879
	1914	Gaston Calmette, editor of Le Figaro, shot by Mme Caillaux
	1930	Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, Spanish general and dictator (1923-30)
	1978	Aldo Moro, former prime minister of Italy, assassinated by terrorists
	1995	Lord Lovat, commando, at 83
17	45	BC P. Attius Varus, Pompeian general, kia at Munda
	45	BC Titus Labienus, Pomepeian general, kia at Munda
	45	BC Gnaeus Pompeius, executed after Munda
	461	St Patrick
	1058	King Lulach I of Scotland (Aug 15, 1057-Mar 17, 1058), at c. 28
	1516	Giuliano de' Medici, Lord of Florence, at 37
	1704	Baron Menno van Coehoorn, fortification engineer, at 63
	1750	William, Earl of Pembroke, London
	1891	Prince Napoleon "Plon-Plon" Bonaparte, at 68
	1957	Pres Ramon Magsaysay of the Philippines, plane crash
18	37	Roman Emperor Tiberius (14-37), smothered
	180	Marcus Aurelius, soldier-philosopher, Roman Emperor (161-180), of plague at 58, Vienna
	235	Roman Emperor Alexander Severus, murdered
	978	St Edward the Martyr, King of the Anglo-Saxons (975-78), murdered at 15
	1227	Pope Honorius III - Cencio Savelli (1216-1227)
	1516	Giuliano de Medici
	1584	Tsar Ivan IV "the Terrible" of Russia (1547-1884), at 53
	1913	King George I of Greece (1861-1913), assassinated at 67
	1918	Cesar Antonovich Cui, Russian composer, fortification engineer
	1933	Luigi di Savoia, Duca degli Abruzzi, explorer, at 60
	1965	King Farouk of Egypt (1936-52), at 45
	1983	King Umberto II of Italy (May 9-June 12, 1946)
19	644	Emperor Si Sang of China, the last Ming, suicide
	1643	Spencer Compton, Earl of Northampton, kia Hopton Heath
	1687	Ren�-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, murdered by his own men on the Mississippi
	1721	Pope Clement XI - Giovanni F Albani (1700-21), at 71
	1945	Fritz Fromm, general, anti-Nazi conspirator, executed
	1950	Edgar Rice Burroughs, war correspondent, at 74
	2008	Arthur C. Clarke, sometime RAF man, science fictioneer (�2001�, et.), at 90
20	268	Roman Emperor Publius Gallienus, assassinated at Milan
	842	King Alfonso II "the Chaste" of the Asturias (791-842)
	1191	Pope Clement III - Paolo Scolari (1187-91)
	1351	Sultan Mohammed ibn-Tughluq of Delhi
	1415	King Henry IV Bolingbroke of England (1399-1413), at 45
	1568	Duke Albrecht von Hohenzollern of Prussia, at 77
	1611	Duke Ernest of Luneburg
	1619	Holy Roman Emperor Matthias II (1611-19)
	1894	Lajos Kossuth, Hungarian nationalist
	1920	Pres Venustiano Carranza of Mexico (1915-20), murdered at 60
	1929	Ferdinand Foch, Marshal of France
	2004	Juliana, sometime Queen of the Netherlands (1948-1980)
	2005	Andrew Toti, inventor of the "Mae West" life jacket, at 89
21	1241	King Valdemar II of Denmark
	1330	Edmond of Woodstock, Earl of Kent, beheaded
	1421	Thomas, Duke of Clarence, brother to Henry V, kia, the Bauge
	1556	Archbishop Cranmer, burnt at Oxford
	1604	Count Peter Ernest de Mansfeld, Luxembourg
	1656	Archbishop Ussher, who "calculated" the age of the universe
	1663	Charlotte Tremouille, Countess of Derby, who defended Latham House & the Isle of Man
	1804	Due d'Enghien, shot at Vincennes by Napoleon
	1880	The Sherif of Mecca, murdered by a religious fanatic
22	337	Roman Emperor Constantine I "the Great" (306-337), at c. 57
	606	Pope Sabinianus (604-606)
	1312	Jacques De Molay, 23rd & last Grand Master of the Templars, & 39 Knights, barbequed
	1322	Thomas Earl of Lancaster, beheaded at Pontefract
	1421	Thomas, Duke of Clarence, brother to Henry V, slain in Anjou
	1471	King George Podiebrad of Bohemia
	1589	Ludovico Guicciardini, art historian, at 67
	1820	Stephen Decatur, at 41, in a duel with Commo. James Barron
	1861	Commo. Uriah P. Levy, USN, at 69
	1924	Robert Nivelle, inept French general
23	1369	King Pedro "the Cruel" of Castille & Leon, murdered
	1555	Pope Julius III - Gianmaria Ciocchi del Monte (1550-1555), at 67
	1653	Johan van Galen, Dutch admiral, kia at c. 48
	1801	Tsar Paul I (1796-1801), strangled at 46
	1819	Augustus Frederick von Kotzebue, German dramatist, 56, assassinated a theology student at Mannheim
	1842	Stendhal (Marie-Henri Beyle), author ("The Charterhouse of Parma"), at 59
	1994	Luis Donaldo Colosio, Mexican presidential candidate, assassinated in Tijuana
	2006	Desmond Doss, Pacifist who earned a MOH on Okinawa, at 87
24	809	Haroun-al-Raschid, twenty-fifth Caliph (786-809), at 44
	1005	King Kenneth III of Scotland (997-1005), kia Monzievaird
	1401	Tamerlane sacks Damascus
	1455	Pope Nicholas V - Tommaso Parentucelli (1447-1455), at 57
	1776	John Harrison, inventor of the "Longitude clock" (the chronometer)
	1869	Baron Antoine-Henri Jomini, military thinker ("The Art of War"), b 1779.
	1905	Jules Verne, at 77
	1916	Composer Enrique Granados, his wife, and c. 50 others, in the Sussex
	1944	Orde Wingate and nine Americans, B-25 crash in Burma
	1945	Thomas Rennie, British Maj Gen, 51st Highland Div, KIA
	1953	Queen Mary of Teck, Mrs George V, at 86
	1976	Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, at 88
	1980	Archbishop Oscar Romero, assassinated at mass, San Salvador
	1984	Gunga Din (Sam Jaffe) at 93
	1993	John Hersey, war correspondent, at 78
25	33	Jesus [Alt]
	493	Odoacer, Barbarian King of Italy, executed by Theoderic the Ostrogoth
	1223	King Afonso II of Portugal (1211-23), at 36
	1697	Hendrik Casimir II of Nassau
	1751	King Frederik of Sweden (1720-51), at 74
	1949	Hanns A Rauter, SS-commandant in the Netherlands, executed
	1975	King Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz of Saudi Arabia (1964-75), murdered
26	752	Pope Stephen II (23-26 Mar 752)
	1051	Count Hugh IV of Maine
	1827	Ludwig van Beethoven, composer ("Wellington's Victory"), at 56
	1892	Walt Whitman, war poet, bigot
	1902	Cecil Rhodes, imperialist, at 48
	1914	Prince Francesco di Paola delle Due Sicilie, kia at 26, Avanats, France
	1948	Adm. Joseph Mason Reeves - "Father of Carrier Aviation."
	1973	Noel Coward, actor ("In Which We Serve"), at 73
	1975	King Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz of Saudi-Arabia (1964-75), murdered at 68
	1983	Anthony F Blunt, British art historian, Soviet spy
27	47	BC Ptolemy XIII of Egypt, drowned in the Nile fleeing Caesar's troops
	965	Count Arnulf I of Flanders
	1191	Pope Clement III - Paolo Scolari (1187-1191)
	1211	King Sancho I of Portugal (1185-1211), at 56
	1350	King Alfonso XI of Castile & Leon, of Plague at Gibraltar
	1378	Pope Gregory XI - Pierre Roger de Beaufort (1371-1378), who ended the "Babylonian Captivity"
	1701	Anne Hilarion de Cotentin, the Count of Tourville, Admiral, at 58
	1729	Duke Leopold Duke of Lorraine, at Lunerille
	1836	James Fannin, inept commander, and c. 320 other Texians, executed at Goliad
	1854	Duke Carlo III Ferdinando of Parma & Piacenza (1848-1854), assassinated
	1900	Pieter Joubert, Boer Commander, at 69
	1968	Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, first man in space, plane crash at 31
	1991	Aldo Ray, veteran, actor ("What Did You Do in the War, Daddy")
28	193	Roman Emperor Publius Helvius Pertinax (Jan 1-Mar 28 193), murdered by the Praetorians, at 66
	593	King Guntram of the Burgundians, c. 67
	1285	Pope Martin IV - Simon de Brie (1281-1285)
	1461	Lord Fitzwalter, kia, Ferrybridge
	1461	Lord John de Clifford, kia, Ferrybridge
	1462	Duke Vasili II of Moscow
	1801	Lt. Gen. Sir Ralph Abercrombie, kia, Battle of Alexandria
	1850	Paolo Bartolomeo Avitabile, Neapolitan lieutenant, Persian colonel, Sikh general, at c. 58
	1868	James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, inept cavalryman
	1881	Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, Russian Army Officer, composer ("Night on Bald Mountain"), at 42 and one week
	1944	Chief Rabbi Maggid of Kovono, killed by the Nazis
	1969	Dwight Eisenhower, soldier, president (1953-1961), at 78
	1980	Jesse Owens, who spoiled Hitler's Olympics, at 66
	1987	Maria - "Sound of Music" - von Trapp, at 82
29	87	BC Emperor Han Wu Ti of CHina
	1058	Pope Stephen {IX] X - Frederick of Lorraine (1057-1058)
	1745	Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford, the first prime minister
	1792	King Gustav III of Sweden (1771-92), wounded by an assassin on the 16th (the inspiration for �Un Ballo in Mascera�)
	1837	"Mrs. Fitzherbert" [Mary Anne Smythe], sometime wife of George IV, at 81, matriarch of the Ord family in America
	2007	Lloyd Brown, last US Navy veteran of WW I, at 109
30	317	BC Phocion, Strategos of Athens, at c. 85
	988	Count Arnulf II of Flanders
	1484	Filippo Savelli di Rignano, Marshal of the Holy See, assassinated
	1707	Sebastien Le Prestre, Seigneur de Vauban, fortification engineer, b. 1633
	1948	The Mahatma, assassinated in New Delhi
	1950	Leon Blum, French Popular Front premier, appeaser
	1986	James Cagney, actor ("The Fighting 69th", "The Gallant Hours"), 86
	1986	John Ciardi, B-29 pilot, poet, translator of Dante, at 69
	2002	Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, at 101
31	1341	Grand Prince Ivan I Kalita of Vladimir (1328-41), at c. 37
	1547	King Francis I de Valois of France, slow learner, at 53
	1567	Count Philip "the Generous" of Hesse, at 62
	1621	King Felipe III of Spain (1598-1621), at 42
	1850	John C. Calhoun, notable Secretary of War, at 68
	1944	Adm Mineichi Koga, Commander, Combined Fleet, plane crash
	1970	Marshal of the Soviet Union Semion Timoshenko, at 75

Event

1	0	Festival of Mars, Roman God of War
	86	BC Sulla captures Athens, deposing the tyrant Aristion, slaughtering thousands, and making away with lots of loot
	492	Election of Pope Gelasius I (492-496), later canonized
	705	Accession of Pope John VII (705-707)
	1244	The Crusaders take Montsegur from the Albigensians
	1260	Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis, takes Damascus amid great slaughter
	1324	Naval Battle of Lutocisterna: The Aragonese defeat the Pisans
	1382	Charles VI supresses the Maillotin Rising at Paris
	1634	Battle of Smolensk: Poland's Wladyslaw IV defeats the Russians
	1652	Vassy Massacre: The Duc de Guise slaughters c. 1000 Huguenots, initiating the French "First War of Religion"
	1780	Pennsylvania adopts "gradual emancipation" of slaves
	1781	Continental Congress adopts the "Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union."
	1793	Republican France declares war on Britain & the Dutch Republic
	1811	Egyptian Pasha Mehemet Ali initiates a widespred massacre of the Mamlukes
	1836	Texas Convention convenes at Washington-on-the-Brazos to consider Independence from Mexico
	1854	SS City of Glasgow sinks in Liverpool harbor, 373 die
	1896	Battle of Aduwa: 80,000 Ethiopians defeat 20,000 Italo-African troops
	1913	Federal income tax takes effect, as per 16th amendment
	1920	Arabs attack the Jewish settlement of Tel Mai
	1921	Anti-communist sailors' revolt in Kronstadt
	1923	French & Belgian troops occupy the Rhineland, in an effort to force Germany to make reparations payments
	1934	Henry Pu Yi crowned as Emperor Kang Teh of Manchukuo
	1941	"Captain America" is introduced
	1941	German troops enter Bulgaria
	1941	Himmler inspects the Auschwitz concentration camp
	1941	Kufra, Libya: Italians surrender to Leclerc's Free French (besieged since Feb 7)
	1942	Action South of Java: Japanese battleships Hiei & Kirishima & their escorts sink USS Edsall (DD-219)
	1942	Battle of Bali Strait: US destroyers Ford, Paul Jones, Edwards, & Alden escape a Japanese DesDiv
	1942	Battle of Sunda Strait: Cruisers USS Houston & HMAS Perth, and destroyer HNLMS Evertsen go down fighting around 0100
	1942	Battle off Borneao: HMS Exeter & destroyers HMS Encounter and USS Pope sunk by Japanese heavy cruisers
	1943	Amsterdam: Jewish old age home raided by the Nazis
	1945	Chinese 30th division liberates Hsenwi
	1945	Ryukyu Islands: U.S. Navy surface and air raids on Japanese positions
	1950	British sentence Klaus Fuchs to 14 years for atomic espionage
	1954	Bikini: US detonates 15 megaton hydrogen bomb
	1954	Puerto Rican nationalists open fire in Congress, 5 wounded
	1954	Rioting in Khartoum, 30 die
	1955	Israeli attack on Gaza, 48 die
	1961	The Peace Corps is established
	1970	Rhodesia: Whites declare independence from Britain to preserve apartheid regime
	1971	Washington: Bomb goes off in the Capitol
	1981	Irish Nationalist Bobby Sand begins a hunger strike in the Maze Prison
	2008	USS New York (LPD-21), incorporating steel from the World Trade Center, is christened at New Orleans
2	537	Goths besiege Rome, held by Belisarius (relieved Mar 12, 538)
	871	Battle of Marton: King Ethelred of Wessex defeats the Danes
	1121	Dirk VI becomes count of Holland
	1458	George Podebrad is elected King of Bohemia
	1476	Battle of Granson: The Swiss defeat the Burgundians
	1498	Vasco da Gama's fleet reaches Mozambique
	1502	Duke Alfonso I d'Este weds Lucrezia Borgia, and they live happily ever after
	1579	Battle of Borgerhout: The Prince of Parma's Spaniards defeat the Dutch
	1776	Americans begin shelling British troops in Boston
	1807	Congress bans the importation of slaves effective Jan 1, 1808
	1836	Texas declares independence from Mexico [See Births]
	1859	Paddle steamer USS Saginaw is completed, the first American warship built on the West Coast, at Mare Island
	1865	Battle of Waynesborough: Jubal Early's Rebels defeated
	1867	Congress abolishes peonage in New Mexico
	1867	First Reconstruction Act passed by Congress
	1867	The James gang robs a bank in Savannah, Mo, 1 k
	1867	US Navy Civil Engineering Corps founded
	1907	General Louis Botha becomes premier of the Transvaal
	1915	Vladimir Jabotinsky forms a militia to defend Jewish settlements in Palestine
	1919	Communist International (Comintern) congress opens in the Kremlin
	1933	"King Kong" opens in New York
	1938	15th Infantry leaves China after 26 years in garrison at Tientsin & Peking.
	1938	Stalin initiates the Purges
	1939	Eugenio Pacelli chosen Pope as Pius XII (1939-1958), on his birthday
	1940	Soviet troops capture Tuppura Island from the Finns
	1942	Action South of Java: Destroyer Pillsbury sunk by Japanese heavy cruisers
	1942	Philippines: Japanese troops occupy Zamboanga
	1943	Battle of the Bismarck Sea: Japanese convoy attacked by USAAF aircraft
	1944	Philippines: US troops capture Momote on Los Negros
	1945	King Michael of Romania gives in to Communist govt
	1945	Philippines: Japanese resistance on Corregidor ends.
	1956	Morocco declares independence from France
	1969	Chinese-Russian border clash, c. 70 die
3	468	Election of Pope Simplicius (468-483), later canonized
	1191	Giacinto Bobone Orsini is elected Pope as Celestine III at 85 (1191-1198)
	1637	Battle of the Rheinfeld: Weimarans defeat the Imperialists
	1746	The '45: Bonnie Prince Charlie's forces occupy Inverness Castle
	1776	US Commo Esek Hopkins attacks Nassau, Bahamas: First American overseas expedition
	1813	Office of Surgeon General of the Army is established
	1815	Second Barbary War: US declares war on Algiers for piratical acts
	1836	Skirmish at Agua Dulce: Mexicans defeat Texians
	1837	US recognizes the Republic of Texas
	1847	Col Alexander W. Doniphan captures the Mexican mint at Chihuahua
	1847	Col. Franklin Pierce is promoted Brig. Gen. of Volunteers
	1855	Congress appropriates $30,000 to buy camels for the army
	1861	Russian Tsar Alexander II abolishes serfdom
	1862	New Madrid, Mo., captured by Union forces
	1863	Congress passes the "Enrollment Act," initiating federal conscription
	1863	USN bombards Fort McAllister, Ga.
	1865	Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, & Abandoned Lands established
	1871	Navy Medical Corps established
	1878	Treaty of San Stefano: "Greater" Bulgaria carved out of Turkey
	1883	Congress creates the "New Navy," authorizing four steel vessels
	1899	George Dewey is promoted to Admiral of the Navy
	1915	Congress authorizes a Chief of Naval Operations (CNO)
	1915	Congress creates the Naval Reserve
	1917	Abdication of Nicholas II, the last tsar [OS]
	1918	Russia withdraws from WW I, signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany
	1931	"Star Spangled Banner" is adopted as the national anthem
	1942	Action South of Java: Japanese warships sink c. 20 Allied ships, including gunboat Ashville, thousands of civilians killed.
	1942	Broome, Australia: heavy damage from a Japanese air raid
	1942	RAF bombs the Renault factory at Billencourt, France, 367 die.
	1943	Battle of the Bismarck Sea: Japanese transports hit by Allied aircraft and ships
	1943	London: A German bomb hits a crowded shelter, 173 die
	1944	Los Negros: Japanese banzai attack.
	1945	Netherlands: Liberation of Roermond and Venlo
	1945	RAF bombs The Hague in error, 511 die
	1968	Terrorists bomb Greek, Portuguese, & Spanish embassies in The Hague
	1991	Latvia & Estonia vote to become independent of the USSR
4	0	Inauguration Day, until 1937
	1152	Frederik I Barbarossa elected Holy Roman Emperor
	1222	Battle of Chateaubriant: The Bretons defeat the French
	1431	Gabriello Condulmaro elected Pope as Eugene IV (1431-1447)
	1461	Edward IV recognized as King of England
	1519	Cortez lands in Mexico
	1665	England declares war on the Netherlands
	1699	Jews are expelled from Lubeck, Germany
	1789	U.S. Constitution goes into effect
	1861	CSA adopts the "Stars & Bars" as a national flag
	1863	Battle of Thompson's Station, TN
	1876	Five-times wounded veteran Rutherford B Hayes inaugurated as president
	1881	Former Maj Gen James A Garfield inaugurated as president
	1885	Draft-dodger Grover Cleveland becomes 20th president
	1889	Bvt Brig Gen. Benjamin Harrison inaugurated as 21st president
	1893	Draft-dodger Grover Cleveland becomes 22nd president
	1897	Bvt Maj William McKinley inaugurated as 23rd president
	1933	Franklin D. Roosevelt is inaugurated as 32nd President
	1936	Airship Hindenburg makes its first flight
	1941	British Commandoes raid the Loften Islands
	1942	Allies scuttle warships in the Surabaya navy yard
	1942	Two Japanese flying boats, refueled by sub at French Frigate Shoal, raid Oahu
	1942	USS Enterprise raids Marcus Island.
	1943	Battle of the Bismarck Sea ends: Japanese lost 12 ships, thousands of men.
	1945	Army Air Force B-24s accidentally bomb Zurich
	1945	Finland declares war on Nazi Germany
	1991	Gulf War: Iraq releases P/Ws -- 6 US, 3 British, & 1 Italian
5	1259	Battle of Maes Maidog/Moydog: Earl of Warwick defeats Madog ap Llewellyn
	1432	Treaty of Rennes: peace between France and Brittany
	1626	Treaty of Monzon/Monjon: France & Spain confirm the indpendence of the Grisons
	1766	France cedes Louisiana to Spain
	1770	The Boston Massacre
	1793	Austrians liberate Liege from the French
	1795	Treaty of Basel: France and Prussia conclude peace
	1821	Veteran James Monroe is inaugurated as the 5th president
	1824	First Anglo-Burmese War begins
	1860	Parma, Tuscany, Modena, & the Romagna vote to join the Kingdom of Sardinia
	1912	Spanish cruiser Principe de Asturias sinks in the Med, c. 500 die
	1912	First wartime use of airships: Italian reconnaissance flight west of Tripoli
	1916	Fifth Battle of the Isonzo begins (to Mar 15)
	1933	Nazi Party wins plurality in parliamentary election (43.9%)
	1942	Burma: British appoint Sir Harold Alexander C-in-C
	1942	Japanese First Air Fleet raids Tijilatjap.
	1942	Japanese troops occupy Batavia (Jakarta), Neth Indies
	1942	New Guinea: Japanese troops land at Salamaua.
	1942	Premiere of Shoshtakovich's "Leningrad Symphony," in Kuibishev
	1943	Anti-fascist demonstrations in Italy
	1943	RAF bombs Essen
	1943	Solomons: U.S. DDs shell Japanese at Vila and Munda
	1944	Admiralty Is: U.S. Navy ships bombard Manus
	1945	Allies bomb The Hague, Netherlands
	1945	US VII Corps captures Cologne
	1946	Winston Churchill makes his "Iron Curtain" speech, Fulton, Mo
	1960	Elvis is honorably discharged from the US Army
6	12	BC Augustus is made Pontifex Maximus
	1204	King Phillip Augustus of France takes Chateau Galliard
	1447	Tommaso Parentucelli elected Pope as Nicholas V (1447-1455)
	1460	Treaty of Alcacovas: Portugal cedes the Canary Is to Castille
	1521	Magellan reaches Guam
	1645	Battle of Jankau: Swedes defeat the Imperialists
	1816	Jews expelled from the Free City of Lubeck, Germany
	1822	USS Enterprise captures four pirate ships in the Gulf of Mexico
	1831	Edgar Allen Poe is expelled from West Point
	1836	Santa Anna's Mexicans overwhelm the Alamo, after a 13 day siege
	1861	Confederate Congress calls for 100,000 volunteers - a month before Ft. Sumter
	1865	Battle of Natural Bridge, Florida
	1916	Pancho Villa raids Columbus, NM, 17 die
	1918	USN collier Cyclops disappears at sea
	1924	British Labour govt cuts military budget
	1925	Plebiscite transfers Eupen, Malm�dy, & St Vith from Germany to Belgium
	1929	Turkey & Bulgaria sign peace treaty
	1933	Poland occupies Danzig
	1943	Japanese aircraft raid the Russell Islands.
	1943	Solomons: U.S. ships sink two Japanese DDs off Vila.
	1944	New Britain: Marines establish a new beachhead at Talasea
	1944	USAF begins daylight bombing of Berlin
	1945	Chinese 38th division liberates Lashio
	1945	Luzon: 1st Cav Div is relieved by the 43rd Inf Div.
	1947	XB-45, 4-engine flying wing jet bomber, makes 1st test flight, Muroc, CA
	1966	Barry Sadler's "Ballad of the Green Berets" hits #1 (On the charts 13 weeks)
	1967	Selective Service System orders induction of Muhammad Ali
	1967	Stalin's daughter Svetlana Allilujeva seeks political asylum in US
	1990	SR-71 sets a transcontinental record, 2,404 miles in 1:08:17
7	1190	Rioters massacre the Jews in Stamford, England
	1560	Italo-Spanish expedition under Gian Andrea Doria's lands at Djerba, Tunisia
	1573	Turkey & Venice sign peace treaty
	1774	British close port of Boston to all commerce
	1778	USS Randolph (32 guns) blows up fighting HMS Yarmouth (64), c. 310 die
	1793	Republican France declares war on Spain
	1799	Bonaparte captures Jaffa, Palestine
	1814	Battle of Craonne: Napoleon defeats the Prussians
	1821	Battle of Rieti: Austrians defeat the Neapolitans
	1862	Battle of Pea Ridge/Elkhorn Tavern: Samuel Curtis' Yanks defeat Earl Van Dorn's Rebs (6th-7th)
	1876	Battle of Gura: Ethiopian Emperor Yohannes defeats the Egyptians
	1902	Battle of Tweebosch, Transvaal: Boers defeat the British
	1914	Prince Wilhelm von Wied becomes King of Albania
	1921	Trotsky's Red Army crushes the "Kronstadt Sailors' Rebellion" with great slaughter
	1936	Hitler breaks Treaty of Versailles, sends troops into the Rhineland
	1941	The British invade Italian East Africa
	1942	Bismarcks: Japanese naval units reconnoiter Buka
	1942	Christmas I (Indian O): Japanese surface raid, sinks one ship.
	1942	First black cadets graduate from the USAAF flying school at Tuskegee
	1943	Japanese refuse German request to join war against Russia.
	1944	Burma: Chindits begin attacking Japanese rear area installations.
	1945	The 9th Arm Div captures the Remagen bridge
	1974	Wreck of the USS Monitor is located off Cape Hatteras
8	161	Marcus Aurelius (161-180) and Lucius Verus (161-169) become co-Roman Emperors
	1782	Gnadenhutten Massacre: Pennsylvania militiamen kill 96 Christian Munsee Indians
	1801	British drive French from Abukir, Egypt
	1822	USS Enterprise captures four pirate ships
	1854	Commo Matthew C Perry's 2nd trip to Japan
	1861	Union troops capture St Augustine, Fl.
	1862	Battle of Hampton Roads I: CSS Virginia & gunboats sink two sailing frigates, threatening the Union blockade
	1865	Battle of Kingston/Wilcox's Ridge/Wise's Forks, NC
	1865	Confederacy's "Stainless Banner" augmented with a red stripe on the fly
	1896	First Battle of Sebderat: Italians defeat the Sudanese Mahdists
	1910	First licensed woman pilot: French Baroness Raymonde de Laroche
	1915	USN's 1st minelayer commissioned, former cruiser Baltimore
	1917	Republican Revolution in Russia - "The February Revolution" [Feb 24 OS]
	1942	Japanese troops occupy Rangoon.
	1942	Netherlands Indies surrender to the Japanese
	1943	Japanese offensive across the Yangtze, between Ichang and Yoyang.
	1944	India: Japanese offensive against British forces near Imphal.
	1945	1st African-American Navy Nurse commissioned: Ens. Phyllis Daley
	1945	Burma: British troops fight their way into Japanese-held Mandalay.
	1945	Luzon: Sixth Army offensive against the Japanese Shimbu Line.
	1950	First woman medical officer assigned to a US naval vessel: B R Walters
	1950	USSR announces they have developed the atomic bomb
	1958	Wisconsin (BB-64) decommissioned; USN is battleshipless for first time in 73 years
	1959	Iraq: Pro-Egyptian coup fails in Mosul
	1961	US nuclear submarine Patrick Henry arrives at Scottish naval base
	1963	Military coup in Syria initiates decades of Baathist dictatorships
	1965	Vietnam: First US combat troops arrive (3,500 Marines)
	1966	Nelson's Column in Dublin destroyed by an IRA bomb
9	49	BC Caesar besieges Brindisi, held by Pompey
	1452	Pope Nicholas I crowns Frederik III as Holy Roman Emperor
	1461	Revolt at Genoa expels a French garrison
	1496	Jews are expelled from Carintha, Austria
	1617	Peace of Stolbovo: ends the Russo-Swedish War (1611-1617)
	1741	British invest Cartagena de las Indias
	1796	Napoleone Buonaparte marries Josephine de Beauharnais
	1798	Dr George Balfour is appointed the first surgeon in the USN
	1814	Battle of Laon, Day 1: Napoleon v. the Russo-Prussians
	1831	French Foreign Legion is formed
	1861	Confederate Congress authorizes paper currency in bills of $50, $100, $500, & $1,000
	1862	Battle of Hampton Roads II: USS Monitor fights CSS Virginia to a draw, preserving the blockade
	1864	Ulysses S. Grant promoted to lieutenant general and commanding general
	1873	The Royal Canadian Mounted Police is formed
	1916	Germany declares war on Portugal
	1918	Jews of Seredino Buda, Ukraine, massacred
	1918	Russian Bolshevik Party becomes the Communist Party
	1921	Armored cruiser Brooklyn (CA-3) stricken from the Navy List.
	1924	Italy annexes Fiume
	1932	Eamon De Valera becomes president of Ireland
	1942	Ernest J. King, COMMINCH U.S. Fleet, is also named CNO
	1943	New Guinea: Japanese aircraft conduct a major raid on Wau.
	1943	Salonika: Nazis deport the Jews to extermination camps
	1945	Indochina: Japanese attack French garrisons, massacring thousands.
	1945	US B-29 raid kills at least 120,000 in Tokyo
10	241	BC Naval Battle of the Aegates Islands: Rome defeats Carthage, to win the First Punic War
	418	Jews are excluded from public office in the Roman Empire
	1208	Pope Innocent III calls for a Crusade against the Albegensian heretics
	1527	Battle of Kanwaha: Babur defeas the Rajputs, to conquer Northern India
	1624	England declares war on Spain
	1734	The Duke of Parma, son of the King of Spain, enters Naples in triumph, to become King Carlo IV
	1783	John Barry's USS Alliance takes HMS Sybil
	1806	Battle of Campo Tenese: French defeat the Neapolitans
	1814	Battle of Laon, Day 2: Napoleon losses to the Russo-Prussians
	1849	Lincoln applies for a patent; only president to get one
	1861	First "service medal" issued; Britain's Waterloo Medal
	1864	Red River Campaign begins
	1865	Battle of Monroe's Crossroads, NC
	1880	The Salvation Army invades the US from Britain
	1905	Japanese Army captures Mukden from the Russians
	1915	Battle of Neuve Chapelle: Britain's "Old Contemptibles" defeated
	1927	Albania mobilizes, claiming threat from Yugoslavia
	1927	Hitler barred from speaking in Bavaria
	1931	British Labour Party expels Sir Oswald Mosley, who founds a fascistic movement
	1942	Luzon: MacArthur appoints MG Jonathan Wainwright commander of US forces in the Philippines
	1942	NY's 27th Inf Div sails for Hawaii - first division to ship out in WW II.
	1942	Wilson Brown's TF 11 (Lexington & Yorktown) raids Japanese shipping at Lae and Salamaua
	1944	Burma: Chinese troops and Merrill's Marauders capture the Walawbum Valley
	1945	B-29s drop 1,665 tons of incendiaries on Tokyo, creating a fire storm
	1945	Japan declares Vietnam independent under Emperor Bao Dai
	1948	Jets begin regular operations from a carrier, VF-5A off USS Boxer
	1952	Coup makes General Fulgencio Batista President of Cuba (1952-1959)
	1959	Lhasa, Tibet: Popular uprising against Chinese occupation
	1964	US begins reconnaissance flights over East Germany
	1966	North Vietnamese capture US Green Beret Camp in the Ashau Valley
	1969	James Earl Ray pleads guilty of killing Martin Luther King, Jr.
11	417	Election of Pope Zosimus (417-418), later canonized
	1302	Fr. Laurence marries Romeo & Juliet
	1387	Castagnaro: Paduans under Giovanni Acuto defeat the Veronese
	1405	Battle of Grosmont: Prince Henry [V] defeats Welch under Rhys Gethin
	1502	Coronation of Shah Ismail I of Persia
	1513	Giovanni de'Medici elected Pope as Leo X (1513-1521), son of "Il Magnifico"
	1649	Peace of Rueil: ends the Fronde uprising in France (1648-1653).
	1669	Eruption of Mt. Etna kills c. 15,000
	1779	US Army Corps of Engineers established
	1795	Battle of Kurdla, India: Mahrattas defeat the Moghuls
	1810	Proxy wedding of Napoleon and Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria
	1848	The "Five Days of Milan" begins: popular uprising ousts the Austrians from the city
	1861	Confederate convention in Montgomery adopts constitution
	1862	Lincoln appoints Henry Halleck general-in-chief, limiting George B. McClellen's command to the Army of the Potomac
	1865	Sherman occupies Fayetteville, NC
	1917	Maude's Anglo-Allied forces capture Baghdad
	1918	Bolsheviks move capital of Russia to Moscow
	1938	Anschluss: Germany begins occupation of Austria (completed 3/13)
	1941	FDR signs the Lend-Lease Act
	1942	Bataan: MacArthur leaves for Mindanao on a PT-Boat
	1942	Northern Sumatra: Japanese troops being landing
	1942	Paris: First deportation train leaves for Auschwitz
	1943	American Volunteer Group ("Flying Tigers") renamed Fourteenth Air Force
	1943	Nazi occupiers form a militia in the Netherlands
	1945	Essen: 1,000 Allied bombers drop over 4,000 tons of bombs
	1945	Kamikaze hit USS Randolph at Ulithi Atoll, heavy casualties
	1948	Jerusalem: Offices of the Jewish Agency are bombed
	1958	Mars Bluff, SC: A B-47E accidentally drops a Mk 6 30-kiloton atomic bomb
	1966	Gen Suharto seizes power by coup in Indonesia
	1978	Palestinian terrorists ambush cars on an Israeli highway, 78 die
	1985	Mikhail Gorbachev becomes leader of the USSR
	1990	Lithuania declares independence from the USSR
	2004	Islamist bombings in Madrid, 191 die, c. 1,600 wounded
12	0	Commonwealth Day
	81	BC Pompey's first Triumph, at 24
	222	Alexander Severus proclaimed Roman Emperor (222-235)
	551	BC Completion of the Temple of Jerusalem after the Babylonian Captivity
	1088	Election of Odo of Lagery as Pope as Urban II (1088-1099), later beatified
	1144	Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso elected Pope as Lucius II (1144-1145)
	1212	Frederick II "Stupor Mundi" lands at Gaeta, to claim Naples
	1350	Orvieto, Italy, bars Jewish-Christian marriages on pain of death
	1470	Battle of "Losecoat Field": King Edward IV's Yorkists beat Sir Robert Welles' Lancastrians
	1496	Jews expelled from Syria
	1799	Austria declares war on France
	1848	Second French Republic established
	1865	Skirmish near Lone Jack, Missouri
	1867	French troops abandon Mexico, and the Emperor Maximilian
	1868	Great Britain annexes Basutoland [Lesotho]
	1877	Great Britain annexes Walvis Bay, southwest Africa
	1889	Battle of Metema/Gallabad: Yohannes IV's Ethiopians defeated by the Mahdists
	1940	Finland surrenders to Russia, ending the "Winter War"
	1941	German occupiers confiscate AVRO Studios in Netherlands
	1942	British evacuate Port Blair, Andaman Is
	1942	Burma: Joseph Stilwell assumes combined U.S./Chinese command.
	1942	Sumatra: Japanese troops land at Sabang.
	1943	Soviet troops liberate Viasma
	1943	Washington: "Pacific Military Conference" reviews war plans.
	1945	Luzon: Heavy fighting on the Shimbu Line.
	1945	Nazis execute 30 in Amsterdam
	1945	USSR returns Transylvania to Romania
	1946	USSR returns part of Petsamo Province to Finland
	1947	US announces the "Truman Doctrine," to fight communism
	1951	North Korean/Red Chinese troops driven out of Seoul
	1957	The "German Democratic Republic" agrees to a garrison of 22 Soviet divisions
	1993	Terrorist bombings in Bombay, 371 die, hundreds injured
	1999	Poland, Hungary, & the Czech Republic join NATO
13	483	Accession of Pope Felix III, later canonized
	1489	Prince Djem of the Turks becomes a "guest" of the Pope, with his brother Sultan Bajazet II paying an annual "pension" of 40,000 ducats
	1569	Battle of Jarnac: French Catholics defeat the Huguenots
	1591	Battle of Tondibi: Moroccans defeat Sultan Askia Ishaq II of Songhai
	1656	Jews are denied the right to build a synagogue in Nieuw Amsterdam
	1792	Cape Noli: Anglo-Neapolitan and French fleets begin two-day clash
	1814	Battle of Reims: Napoleon defeats the Russians
	1815	The Congress of Vienna declares Napoleon an outlaw.
	1836	King's Defeat: Texians routed by larger Mexican force
	1865	The Confederacy authorizes enlistment of 300,000 slaves as soldiers
	1884	Mahdists invest Khartoum, defended by George "Chinese" Gordon
	1895	Spanish cruiser Reina Regente sinks off Gibraltar, 402 die
	1900	Boer War: British capture Bloemfontein
	1920	Berlin: The "Kapp Putsch" fails
	1921	Mongolia declares independence from China
	1933	Hitler makes Josef Gobbels Minister of Information
	1942	Bismarck Archipelago: Japanese troops land on Buka, to build an airfield
	1942	Julia Flikke, of the Nurse Corps, becomes the first woman colonel in the army
	1943	Abortive assassination attempt against Hitler during a flight from Smolensk to Rastenburg
	1943	The Arakan: Japanese 55th Div attacks the Indian 14th Div
	1945	Queen Wilhelmina returns to Netherlands after nearly five years exile
	1945	The Arakan: Indian 26th Div makes an amphibious "end run" to trap Japanese troops
	1954	General Giap's Viet Minh attack That Bien Phu
	1955	Bir Mahendra becomes king of Nepal
	1957	Havana: Anti-Batista demonstration sparks bloody rioting
	1963	Russians conduct two reconnaissance flights over Alaska
	1979	New Jewel Movement overthrows the Gairy dictatorship in Grenada
	1981	Bulgarian agent Mehemet Ali Agca attempts assassination of Pope John Paul II
14	0	? Day
	1313	The Scots liberate Edinburgh Castle from the English
	1369	Battle of Montiel: Henry the Bastard defeats his half-brother Pedro the Cruel of Castille
	1489	Queen Catherine Comaro of Cyprus sells her realm to Venice
	1503	Cesare Borgia investes Ceri, aided by Leonardo's siege engines & Machiavelli's advice
	1558	Ferdinand I becomes Holy Roman Emperor
	1590	Battle of Ivry: King Henri IV of France defeats the Catholic League
	1653	Naval Battle off Livorno: Dutch fleet under Johan van Galen defeats the English
	1792	Battle of Cape Noli: Anglo-Neapolitan fleet defeats French (began 3/13)
	1799	Cardinal Ruffo's Calabrian rebels liberate Catanzaro from the French amid great slaughter
	1800	Barnaba Chiaramoni elected Pope as Pius VII (1800-1823)
	1812	Congress authorizes bonds to finance War of 1812
	1836	Battle of Refugio: Mexicans capture Texian force
	1862	Battle of New Bern, NC
	1891	Eleven Italian-Americans lynched by a mob in New Orleans
	1912	Italian King Vittorio Emanuel III injured by an assassin
	1915	German cruiser Dresden scuttled off Chile
	1916	A massive German offensive initiates the 302-day long Battle of Verdun
	1917	SecNav Josephus Daniels authorizes the recruiting of women as "yeomen, radio electricians, and other useful ratings" under the terms of the Naval Reserve Force Act
	1933	Civilian Conservation Corps established, under U.S. Army management
	1933	Winston Churchill calls for better air defense of Britain
	1939	Nazis dissolve Czechoslovakia, as Hungary, Romania, & Poland rush to share the spoils
	1941	Italian hospital ship Po is sunk by British aircraft off Albania; nurse Edda Mussolini Ciano swims ashore
	1942	MacArthur arrives on Mindanao by PT-boat, from Bataan en route to Australia.
	1945	B-29s raid Osaka, 13,000 casualties.
	1945	RAF bombs railway link at Hanover-Hamm
	1946	Ticker tape parade on Broadway for Winston Churchill
	1953	Nikita Khrushchev succeeds Malenkov as secretary of the CPUSSR
	1991	The Emir returns to Kuwait, newly liberated from Iraqi occupation
15	0	New Consuls assume their office under the Roman Republic, 509-153 BC
	509	BC Installation of the first consuls: L. Iunius Brutus & L. Tarquinius Collatinus
	624	Battle of Badr: Mohammed defeats the Quriesh to capture Mecca
	933	Battle of Merseburg/Riade: King Henry V "the Fowler" of the Germans defeats the Hungarians
	1311	Battle of Halmyros/Cefiso: The Catalan Company captures the Duchy of Athens
	1330	Azzone Visconti stages a coup in Milan, which his descendants will rule until 1535
	1360	French raiders capture Winchelsea, England
	1391	Anti-Jewish riots begin in Seville and spread, leading to c. 50,000 deaths in a year
	1493	Columbus returns to Spain from his first voyage
	1590	Battle of Ivry: French Huguenots defeat the Catholics
	1744	France declares war on England
	1781	Battle of Guilford Court House: The Brits wax the Yankees
	1862	Reb John Hunt Morgan begins four days of raids near Gallatin, TN
	1864	Red River Campaign: Union forces reach Alexandria, La.
	1916	Fifth Battle of the Isonzo ends (from Mar 5)
	1916	Pershing begins 10-month pursuit of Pancho Villa in Mexico
	1919	American Legion formed, in Paris
	1930	USS Nautilus is launched
	1939	Hitler occupies the remnants of Czechoslovakia.
	1942	Hawaii: NY's 27th Inf Div arrives, first division to land overseas in WW II.
	1942	Japanese begin intensive bombardment of forts guarding Manila Bay.
	1943	U.S. Navy forces in the Central Pacific are designated the Fifth Fleet.
	1944	Abbey of Monte Cassino destroyed by Allied bombing
	1944	Admiralty Is.: U.S. Army invades Manus
	1945	Burma: British secure Mandalay.
	1957	Britain becomes the third nation to detonate a nuclear bomb
	1969	Chinese-Russian border clash, hundreds die
	1978	Israel raids Lebanon to rid area of Palestine guerrillas
16	597	BC The Babylonians capture Jerusalem
	1190	Crusaders initiate massacre of the Jews of York, England, c. 500 die
	1322	Battle of Boroughbridge: Sir Andrew Harclay defeats the Earl of Lancaster
	1527	Battle of Khanua: Babur's Moghuls defeat the Rajputs
	1792	Swedish King Gustavus III mortally wounded by an assassin; inspires Verdi's "Un Ballo in Maschera"
	1802	U.S. Military Academy is established at West Point
	1815	William I of Orange proclaimed King of the Netherlands, including Belgium
	1861	Confederate government appoints commissioners to Britain & Franced
	1865	Battle of Averasboro, NC
	1882	US Senate ratifies treaty establishing the International Red Cross
	1922	Fuad I crowned King of Egypt
	1926	Robert Goddard launches the first liquid fuel rocket, to 184 feet
	1935	Hitler orders German rearmament, violating Versailles Treaty
	1939	Hungary annexes Carpatho-Ukraine district of Czechoslovakia
	1943	Solomon Is: U.S. destroyers shell Vila.
	1944	Sub Tautog sinks Japanese DD Shirakumo off Hokkaido
	1945	Iwo Jima: organized Japanese resistance ends, mopping up continues.
	1966	Gemini 8 launched with Armstrong & Scott, aborted after 6.5 orbits
	1968	My Lai Massacre, perhaps 450 die
	1985	Associated Press correspondent Terry Anderson taken hostage in Beirut
17	0	Feast of St Patrick, Patron of Ireland and of Engineers
	45	BC Battle of Munda: Caesar defeats the last Pompeians, in Spain
	49	BC Pompey and his army take ship for Greece from Brindisi, besieged by Caesar.
	455	Petronius Maximus becomes Roman Emperor (to 22 May 455)
	597	BC Babylonians capture Jerusalem
	1040	Hardthacanute, King of Denmark, becomes King of England (1040-1042)
	1058	Malcolm III Canmore becomes King of Scotland
	1229	Excommunicated Emperor Frederick II Hohenstaufen captures Jerusalem
	1328	Treaty of Edinburgh: England recognizes Scottish independence
	1431	Battle of Arzanello: The Visconti defeat the Florentines
	1521	Ferdinand Magellan reaches the Philippines
	1526	French King Francis I, released from Spanish captivity, promptly breaks his word, resumes war
	1762	First St Partick's Day parade in New York City
	1776	British forces evacuate Boston; George Washington orders an extra gill of whiskey to every Irish soldier in the army
	1800	HMS Queen Charlotte burns at Livorno, 673 of 829 aboard die
	1861	The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed
	1863	Battle of Kelly's Ford, VA
	1864	Naval battle of Jasmond Sound: the Danes defeat the Prussians
	1876	Gen Crook raids Cheyenne & Oglala-Sioux Indian camps
	1886	Carrollton Massacre, 20 blacks killed in Mississippi
	1917	Tsar Nicolas II of Russia abdicates the throne
	1931	Stalin throws Krupskaya Lenin out of the Central Committee
	1932	German police raid Hitler's headquarters
	1942	Belzec Concentration Camp opens
	1942	MacArthur flies from Mindanao to Australia in a B-17.
	1944	Admiralty Is: 1st Cav Div captures Lorengau airfield, Manus
	1945	B-29s raid Kobe, c. 15,000 casualties.
	1959	Dalai Lama flees Tibet for India
	1966	US mini-sub locates a missing H-bomb in the Mediterranean off Palomares, Spain
	1969	Golda Meir becomes Israeli PM
	1992	Arab terrorists bomb the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aries, 28 die, 300 injured
	1993	Terrorist bombing in Calcutta, 86 die
18	37	Caligula becomes Roman Emperor (37-41)
	180	Commodus becomes Roman Emperor (180-193)
	731	Accession of Pope Gregory III (731-741), later canonized
	1167	Battle of Al-Babein: Turks defeat the Kingdom of Jerusalem
	1190	Crusaders kill 57 Jews in Bury St Edmonds, England
	1776	George Washington�s army occupies Boston
	1793	Battle of Neerwinden: The Austrians defeat the French
	1799	Cardinal Ruffo's Calabrian rebels liberate Cosenza from the French amid great slaughter
	1859	Mexican War of Reform: Vera Cruz besieged by the Conservatives
	1871	Revolt of the Paris Commune begins
	1890	Massachusetts activates the first naval militia unit
	1896	Second Battle of Sebderat: Italians defeat the Sudanese Mahdists
	1914	Chinese �White Wolf� rebels defeat imperial troops, Jingdezhen
	1915	British & French lose 6 ships in the Dardanelles
	1921	Peace of Riga: Ends Polish-Soviet War
	1942	"Free Netherlands" resistance movement begins boycott of theaters
	1943	Burma: "Chindits" raid across the Irrawaddy River
	1944	German troops seize control of Hungary
	1944	Mt Vesuvius begins an eleven day eruption, slightly inconveniencing World War II
	1944	U.S. Task Group 50.1 bombards Mili Atoll in the Marshall Islands.
	1945	Massive USAAF raid on Berlin, c. 1250 bombers
	1945	US Task Force 58 attacks targets on Kyushu
	1952	Communist offensive in Korea begins
	1962	Algerian War for Independence ends; c. 250,000 have died since '55
19	0	Fallas
	607	Consecration of Pope Boniface III (19 Feb-12 Nov 607)
	1148	Second Crusade (led by Louis VII & his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine) reaches Antioch
	1227	Count Ugolino de Segni elected Pope as Gregory IX (1227-1241)
	1279	Battle of Yamen: Mongols oust China's Song Dynasty
	1452	Frederick III of Hapsburg is crowned Holy Roman Emperor
	1563	Peace of Amboise: ends the First French War of Religion (1562-1563 )
	1571	The Spanish capture Manila
	1793	Battle of Le-Pont-Charron: Vendean rebels rout French Revolutionary troops by singing La Marseillaise
	1815	Louis XVIII flees Paris, as Napoleon nears
	1865	Battle of Bentonville: Last major Civil War engagement in the East
	1898	USS Oregon begins 14,000 mile voyage from San Francisco to Key West
	1917	SecNav authorizes recruiting of women by the Naval Reserve
	1920	US Senate rejects Treaty of Versailles for the second time
	1925	Former Sgt Angelo Roncalli is made a bishop
	1927	Bloody Nazi-Communist street brawls in Berlin
	1940	Daladier Cabinet falls in France, as the "Phony War" continues
	1942	Central Burma: Japanese attack the Chinese 200th Div
	1942	FDR orders men between 45 & 64 to register for non-military duty
	1942	William Slim takes command of the British Burma Corps.
	1945	Adolf Hitler orders total destruction of German infrastructure
	1945	Burma: British 36th Division captures Mogok
	1945	CV Franklin hit by Japanese bombs, 724 die, 265 wounded
	1945	Kure Naval Base: USN air raids destroy last of the IJN.
	1947	Chiang Kai-Shek's forces captures Jenan from the Communists
	1951	Herman Wouk's "The Caine Mutiny" is published
	1965	Nicolae Ceausescu becomes 1st Secretary of Romanian CP
	1989	Maiden flight of the Boeing V-22 Osprey VTOL aircraft
	2003	Operation Iraqi Freedom begins
20	1631	Magdeburg is sacked by Imperial forces, c. 25,000 die
	1800	Battle of Heliopolis: French defeat the Turks
	1813	King Frederick Wilhelm III of Prussia creates the Iron Cross
	1814	Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube, Day 1: Austro-Russians v. Napoleon
	1815	Napoleon reaches Paris from Elba; The Hundred Days begin
	1833	Cdr Geisinger of USS Peacock & the King of Siam negotiate a commercial treaty
	1836	Coleto Creek: Texian garrison of Goliad surrenders to the Mexican Army
	1849	Battle of Cava: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese
	1852	Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin" is published
	1853	The Tai-ping rebels capture Nanking
	1890	Kaiser Wilhelm II fires Chancellor Otto von Bismarck
	1896	Marines land in Nicaragua to protect US citizens
	1922	First US carrier commissioned: Langley (CV-1)
	1927	Joseph Goebbles leads the first Nazi pogrom, attacking Jewish shops in Berlin.
	1931	Bishop Schreiber of Berlin warns against National Socialism
	1933	Dachau open, 1st concentration camp
	1937	Italo-Nationalist offensive at Guadalajara, Spain
	1939	7,000 Jews flee German occupied Memel, Lithuania
	1939	Naval Research Lab proposes development of nuclear power
	1940	Paul Reynaud becomes French premier
	1942	Gen MacArthur vows "I shall return"
	1942	Major Italo-German air raid on Malta
	1943	Tunisia: British attack the Mareth Line
	1951	Indonesian Army offensive against the Darul Islam movement on Java
	1952	Final ratification of peace treaty restoring full sovereignty to Japan
	2003	Widespread coalition air strikes in Iraq
21	630	Heraclius returns the "True Cross", recaptured from the Persians, to the Church of the Holy Sepulcher
	867	Battle of York: Danes defeat King Aelle of Northumbria
	1084	Emperor Henry IV captures Rome, and Pope Gregory VII
	1146	St. Bernard of Clairveaux preaches the Second Crusade at Vezelay, Burgundy
	1152	Marriage of King Louis VII of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine
	1421	Battle of Beauge: The English are defeated by the French
	1625	Franco-Piedmontese capture Novi from the Spanish-Genoese
	1788	Great fire of New Orleans, c. 850 buildings destroyed
	1814	Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube, Day 2: Austro-Russians defeat Napoleon
	1824	Explosion and fire at the Citadel at Cairo, over 4,000 die
	1836	Mexicans capture Copano, Texas
	1848	Combat at Sforzesca: Piedmontese defeat the Austrians
	1849	Combat at Borgo San Siro: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese
	1849	Combat at Gambolo: Piedmontese defeat the Austrians
	1849	Combat at Mortara: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese
	1866	Congress authorizes national soldiers' homes
	1918	�Operation Michel� � Germans begin the first offesnive of "Die Kaiserschlacht"
	1927	Kuomintang forces occupy Shanghai
	1937	Police fire on nationalist parade, Ponce, PR, 19 die
	1939	Hitler demands annexation of the Free City of Danzig
	1942	Jimmy Stewart enlists in the USAAF
	1942	Major Italo-German air attacks on Malta
	1943	Assassination attempt on Hitler fails
	1945	Okinawa: Japanese use Okha suicide planes for the first time
	1946	Strategic Air Command is formed
	1951	Julius & Ethel Rosenberg convicted of espionage
	1960	Sharpeville, South Africa, 69 black nationalists killed by police
	1967	Battle of Suoi Tre: Major US victory over the VC/NVA
	1984	Soviet sub collides with USS CV Kitty Hawk off Japan
22	238	Gordian I (b. c. 160) & his son Gordian II (b. 192) are proclaimed Roman Emperors at Carthage, k Apr 12
	1349	Jews of Fulda massacred for "causing the Plague"
	1622	First Indian War: Powahaten attacks Jamestown, Va, 347 die
	1793	The Holy Roman Empire declares war on the French Republic
	1794	Congress prohibits the export of slaves from the United States.
	1862	San Marino & Italy conclude treaty of friendship & cooperation
	1865	Chickasaw, Alabama: Wilson's Raid begins
	1917	3rd Lt. Elmer F. Stone becomes USCG Aviator No. 1
	1942	Italo-German air raids on Malta
	1943	Pacific: Subs Grampus and Amberjack declared overdue and presumed lost
	1945	Arab League formed
	1958	Faisal succeeds Saud as King of Saudi Arabia
	1963	British War Minister John Profumo denies an affair with Christine Keeler
	1979	Israeli parliament approves peace treaty with Egypt
23	0	Roman Festival of the Tubilustrium - Purification of the War Trumpets
	625	Battle of Uhod: The Quriesh defeat the Moslems
	752	Election of Pope Stephen II (23-26 Mar 752)
	1026	German King Conrad II declares himself King of Italy
	1153	Treaty of Konstanz between Frederik I Barbarossa & Pope Eugene III
	1208	Pope Innocent III excommunicates King John and lays England under inderdict until he restores ecclesiastical rights
	1402	Yann V becomes Duke of Brittany
	1568	Peace of Longjumeau: ends French Second War of Religion (1567-1568)
	1630	French capture Pinerolo, Piedmont
	1657	France and England conclude an alliance against Spain
	1775	Patrick Henry says ". . . give me liberty or give me death!"
	1806	French defeat Fra Diavolo at Santa Oliva, near Itri
	1806	Lewis & Clark reach the Pacific Coast
	1808	Napoleon makes his brother Joseph King of Spain
	1815	USS Hornet captures HMS Penguin in just 22 minutes
	1849	Battle of Novara: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese
	1849	Brescians begin a 10-day uprising against the Austrians (fails, Apr 1)
	1862	Battle of Kernstown, Va: Jackson begins his Valley Campaign
	1864	Skirmish at Camden, Arkansas
	1865	First black troops muster into the Confederate Army
	1879	Battle of Calama: Chileans defeat the Bolivians
	1882	Office of Naval Intelligence established
	1901	Brig Gen Frederick Funston personally captures Emilio Aguinaldo
	1903	Wright Brothers granted a patent for their airplane
	1915	British form the Zion Mule Corps
	1918	Lithuania proclaims independence from Russia
	1918	Paris shelled by German very-long range artillery
	1919	Benito Mussolini founds the Fascist Party, Milan
	1933	The Reichstag grants Hitler dictatorial powers
	1934	Congress authorizes Philippine independence in 1946
	1942	Andaman Is: Japanese 18th Div occupies Port Blair
	1942	Lublin, Poland: 2,500 Jews massacred by the Germans
	1944	RAF Flight Sergeant Nicholas Alkemade survives a 5,500 m fall without a parachute after his Lancaster is hit near Berlin
	1945	British Pacific Fleet joins the war against Japan
	1956	Pakistan proclaimed an Islamic Republic within the Commonwealth
	1956	Sudan becomes independent of Anglo-Egyptian control
	1957	US army sells its last homing pigeons
	1965	Gemini 3 launched, first US 2-man space flight (Grissom & Young)
	2003	USMC Task Force Tarawa captures An Nasiriyah after a hot fight.
24	1241	Mongols take Cracow, Poland
	1303	Battle of Roslin: John Comyn & Simon Fraser defeat John Segrove & Ralph de Manton
	1765	Britain enacts the Quartering Act
	1832	Mormon leader Joseph Smith beaten, tarred, & feathered in Ohio
	1878	British frigate Eurydice sinks, 300 lost
	1916	U-39 seriously damages the Channel ferry Sussex, c. 50 civilians killed, more injured
	1919	New York�s 27th Division returns from the Great War, marching up Fifth Avenue
	1920	First Coast Guard air station established, Morehead City, NC
	1941	German attack near El Agheila, Libya
	1944	Nazis execute more than 300 civilians near Rome
	1944	The Great Escape: 76 Allied officers flee Stalag Luft 3
	1945	Operation Varsity: Allied airborne crossing of the Rhine
	1958	Elvis becomes US-5531076 at Memphis
	1959	Iraq withdraws from the Baghdad Pact
	1976	Argentine Pres Isabel Peron deposed by military coup
	1982	US sub Jacksonville collides with Turkish freighter off Virginia
	1986	US & Libya air-sea clash in Gulf of Sidra
25	31	Dionysius Exiguus' date for the Resurrection
	421	Foundation of Venice
	708	Consecration of Pope Constantine (708-715)
	1300	Dante takes a little walk.
	1581	Portuguese Cortes names Philip II of Spain as King of Portugal
	1655	Battle at Annapolis, Md: between Puritans & Royalists
	1669	Eruption of Mt Etna, 20,000 die
	1799	First Battle of Stockach: Austrians defeat the French
	1799	French capture Florence
	1807	British Parliament abolishes the zzzTrans-Atlantic slave trade
	1809	Battle of Medellin: The French defeat the Spanish
	1813	USS Essex takes Neryeda, first USN capture of an enemy ship in the Pacific
	1821	Metropolitan Germanos of Patras blesses a Greek flag at the Monastery of Agia Lavra, to initiate the Greek war for independence from the Turks
	1836	Texians win a small skirmish at Rocky Creek
	1864	Battle of Paducah, Ky (Forrest's raid)
	1865	Battle of Bluff Spring, FL
	1865	Battle of Fort Stedman, VA: Lee's last offensive
	1865	Battle of Mobile/Spanish Fort/Fort Morgan/Fort Blakely
	1898	Asst SecNav TR urges the Navy to support Samuel Langley's aviation experiments.
	1905	Most battle flags captured during the Civil War are returned to the South
	1915	First submarine disaster: USS F-4 sinks off Hawaii, 21 die
	1919	Tumultuous reception of the 27th Div on Fifth Ave.
	1937	Pact of Belgrade: Italy & Yugoslavia sign a non-aggression treaty
	1945	US 4th Armored Division captures Hanau and Aschaffenburg
	1945	US First Army breaks out of the Remagen bridgehead
	1958	Elvis gets a G.I. haircut
26	1027	Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II Holy Roman Emperor
	1199	King Richard I "Lionheart" mortally wounded by a crossbow bolt at Chalus
	1351	Battle of the Thirty: 30 French knights under Charles de Blois defeat 30 English knights under Jean de Montfort
	1804	Congress orders removal of Indians east of the Mississippi to the Louisiana Territory
	1812	Earthquake levels Caracas, c. 20,000 die
	1862	La Glorieta Pass, NM - "The Gettysburg of the West"
	1885	Battle of Duck Lake (Sask): Louis Riel's rebels defeat Canadian forces
	1913	Bulgarians capture Adrianople, ending the First Balkan War
	1917	First Battle of Gaza: The Turks hold the British.
	1941	Suda Bay, Crete: Italian MTB sink British CA York
	1942	First "Eichmann transport" to Auschwitz & Birkenau
	1943	Battle of Komandorski Islands: USN squadron defeats a superior Japanese one
	1943	First woman awarded the Air Medal: Army Nurse Elsie Ott
	1944	Malfunctioning torpedo sinks SS Tullibee, one survivor.
	1945	Okinawa: Kamikaze attack on the US fleet
	1945	Philippines: U.S. troops land on Cebu
	1945	Seventh Army attacks Worms on the Rhine
	1945	Winston Churchill pisses in the Rhine, near Ginsberg, with great satisfaction, cheered on by observing Allied troops
	1951	USAF flag approved
	1958	Army launches 3rd successful US satellite, Explorer III
	1960	Iraq sentences 30 to death after attack on Pres Kassem
	1970	500th nuclear explosion since 1945 announced by the US
	2008	A California district court rules that the heirs of Jerome Siegel and Joseph Shuster, who created Superman, are owed serious bucks by the corporate descendents of Detective Comics
27	47	BC Battle of the Nile: Caesar & Pharnaces defeat the a Egypto-Optimate Army
	58	BC Caesar reaches Geneva, to begin the conquest of Gaul
	1306	Robert the Bruce is crowned King of Scots
	1555	Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi elected Pope as Marcellus II (Mar 27-May 6 1555)
	1599	Elizabeth names her favorite, the Earl of Essex, Lt-Gen of Ireland
	1625	Charles I ascends the English and Scottish thrones
	1794	Congress approves construction of 6 frigates, including USS Constitution
	1799	USS Constitution recaptures the American sloop Neutrality from the French
	1802	Treaty of Amiens: Wars of the French Revolution end
	1814	Battle of Horseshoe Bend: Andrew Jackson defeats the Creeks
	1863	Confederate President Jefferson Davis declares a day of fasting & prayer
	1865	Siege of Spanish Fort, Al.
	1933	Japan leaves the League of Nations
	1937	Pope Pius XI publishes anti-Nazi encyclical "Mit brennender Sorge"
	1938	Battle of Tai-er-zhuang: First major Chinese victory over Japan
	1940	Himmler orders building of the Auschwitz concentration camp
	1941	Britain leases bases in Trinidad to US for 99 years
	1941	Coup in Yugoslavia ousts Prince Paul's pro-Nazi regime, prompting Hitler to order an invasion
	1941	Takeo Yoshikawa begins spying on US installations on Oahu
	1942	Allied air raid on the German submarine base at St Nazaire
	1942	Ceylon: Adm. James Somerville takes over British Far Eastern Fleet
	1943	US troops attack Fonduk Pass, Tunisia
	1944	Gestapo murders 40 Jewish policemen in Riga
	1944	Nazis collect all the Jewish children of Lovno
	1944	Nazis murder 2,000 in Kaunas, Lithuania
	1944	Nazis transport 1,000 Jews from Drancy, France to Auschwitz
	1945	B-29s begins mining Japanese waters
	1945	Wiesbaden falls to the US XX Corps
	1952	Attempted assassination of Chancellor Konrad Adenauer
	1958	Nikita Khrushchev becomes premier & first secretary of the CPUSSR
	1964	UN peacekeeping troops arrive on Cyprus
28	49	BC Julius Caesar, who has the flu, visits Cicero at Formiae
	193	Didius Julianus bribes the Praetorians to make him Roman Emperor (Mar 28-Jun 1, 193)
	845	Vikings sack Paris
	1461	Battle of Dintingdale: Lord Fauconberg defeats Lord Clifford
	1461	Battle of Ferrybridge: King Edward IV defeats the Dukes of Somerset & Rivers
	1738	"War of Jenkins's Ear": England declares war on Spain
	1774	Britain passes Coercive Act against Massachusetts
	1799	NY State initiates abolition of slavery
	1814	HMS's Phoebe and Cherub capture USS Essex off Valparaiso, Chile
	1915	German u-boat sinks the British liner Falaba; one American is among those killed
	1917	Turks expel the Jews from Tel Aviv & Jaffa
	1930	Turkey renames Constantinople as Istanbul, Angora as Ankara.
	1939	Franco captures Madrid; Spanish Civil War ends
	1942	RAF bombs Lubeck
	1942	RN commando raid blocks the Normandie dock in Nazi-occupied St Nazaire
	1945	Last V-1 buzz bomb attack on London
	1958	Elvis joins Co A, 2nd Bn, 37th Armor, 2nd Arm Div, Ft. Hood
29	1430	Sultan Murad II captures Thessaloniki from the Venetians
	1461	Battle of Towton: Yorkists defeat the Lancastrians
	1628	Piedmontese invade Montferrat
	1836	Santa Anna orders massacre of c. 350 Texian prisoners near Coleto Creek
	1849	Henry Brown escapes slavery by shipping himself to Philadelphia in a packing case
	1864	Britain cedes the Ionian Islands to Greece
	1865	Battle of Quaker Road, VA
	1879	Battle of Kambula: British defeat the Zulu
	1935	French liner Normandie begins her maiden voyage
	1941	Battle of Cape Matapan: Royal Navy inflicts heavy loses on the Regia Marina
	1942	Barents Sea: British CL Trinidad torpedoes itself
	1943	US begins rationing meat, butter, & cheese
	1962	Coup ousts Argentine Pres Arturo Frondizi
	1969	Communist New People's Army founded in Philippines
	1971	1st Lt William L Calley Jr found guilty in My Lai massacre
	1973	Last US troops leave Vietnam, 9 years after the Tonkin Gulf Resolution
	1994	Cease-fire ends Serbo-Croat War
30	430	Battle of Mold: St. Germanus defeats the Picts and Saxons
	988	Boudouin IV "the Bearded" becomes Count of Flanders
	1191	King Philip II of France sails from Sicily for the Holy Land (3rd Crusade)
	1282	"Sicilian Vespers" begin: Palermitans massacre French occupiers
	1296	Battle of Berwick: King Edward I defeats Sir William Douglas & the Scottish Nobles
	1492	Ferdinand & Isabella order Jews expelled from Spain
	1533	Henry VIII divorces his 1st wife, Catherine of Aragon
	1603	Battle at Mellifont: English defeat the Irish
	1639	Montrose's Scots Covenanter massacre roylists in Aberdeen
	1814	Battle of Clichy: Austro-Russo-Prussians defeat the French
	1856	Triumphal reception at Paris for Napoleon III to welcome the French Army returning from the Crimea.
	1863	Pr Wilhelm Georg of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Gl�cksburg becomes King George I of Greece
	1942	SS murders 200 inmates of Trawniki labor camp
	1944	TF 58 begins raids on Palau, Yap, and Ulithi.
	1945	Soviet troops enter Austria
	1961	NASA pilot Joseph Walker takes X-15 to 51,690 m
31	1152	King Baldwin III of Jerusalem exiles his mother, Melissande
	1547	Henry II ascends the throne of France
	1571	The English capture Dumbarton, Scotland
	1644	Castro War: Peace of Ferrara - Pope Urban VIII agrees to "status quo ante" with Venice, Tuscany, Parma, & Modena
	1745	Jews are expelled from Prague
	1808	Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia orders Jews to adopt family names
	1814	Allies capture Paris
	1829	Francesco Xaverio Castiglione is elected Pope as Pius VIII (1829-1830)
	1854	Commodore Perry forces Japan to open its ports to foreign trade
	1862	Battle of Island No. 10, Mississippi River
	1863	Battle of Grand Gulf, Ms
	1865	Battle of Boydton/White Oaks Road/Dinwiddie Court House, Va
	1866	Guano War: Spanish fleet bombards Valparaiso
	1907	Romanian Army puts down Moldavian revolt
	1917	US purchases Virgin Is from Denmark for $25 million
	1923	Essen: French troops fire on striking Krupp workers, 13 die
	1939	Britain & France agree to support Poland if invaded by Germany
	1941	Hawaii: Senior Army & Navy air defense officers warn of danger from carrier raids
	1942	Burma: Japanese troops occupy Toungoo, unhinging the Prome-Toungoo Line.
	1942	U.S. leases air base rights from Liberia
	1943	USAAF bombs residential area of Rotterdam, 326 die
	1944	New Guinea: Fifth Air Force bombs Hollandia
	1954	USSR offers to join NATO
	1964	Military coup outs Pres Jango Goulart of Brazil
	1966	Anti-war demonstration in NY, c. 250,000 march
	1967	NATO HQ moves to Casteau-Maisisres, Belgium
	1968	LBJ announces he will not seek re-election
	1991	Georgia votes independence from the USSR

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