Born
| 1 | 1201 | Thibaud "the Troubadour" or "the Chansonnier" or "the Posthumous" - Count Thibaud IV of Champagne from birth and King Thibaud I of Navarre (1234-1253), d. 1253 | | | 1238 | King Magnus VI of Norway (1263-80) | | | 1245 | King Philippe III of France (1270-85) | | | 1501 | Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi - Pope Marcellus II (7 Apr-6 May 1555) | | | 1764 | Benjamin Henry Latrobe, designer of the U.S. Capital, d. 1820 | | | 1769 | Arthur Wellsley, the Duke of Wellington, d. 1852 | | | 1800 | Thomas Aloysius Dornin, naval officer, U.S., d. 1874 | | | 1807 | John Bankhead "Prince John" Magruder, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1871 | | | 1819 | William Steele, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1885 | | | 1835 | Alfred Napoleon Alexander Duffie, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1880 | | | 1881 | Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, cavalryman (Médaille Militaire & Legion of Honor), Jesuit theologian, paleontologist, d. 1955 | | | 1909 | Kathryn Elizabeth "Kate" Smith, singer ("God Bless America"), d. 1986 | | | 1923 | Joseph Heller, veteran, novelist ("Catch-22"), d. 1999 | | 2 | 1729 | Tsarina Catherine II "the Great" of Russia (1762-1796) | | | 1810 | Giacchino Pecci - Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) | | | 1849 | Prince Bernhard von Bülow, German Chancellor (1900-09), d. 1929 | | | 1860 | Theodore Herzl, founder of Zionism, d. 1904 | | | 1892 | Manfred Freiherr von Richthofen, the Red Baron, kia 1918 | | | 1935 | King Faisal II of Iraq (1939-58), murdered 1958 | | | 1935 | King Hussein ibn Talal of Jordan (1952-2000) | | | 1938 | Constantine Bereng Seeiso - King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho (1966-1995) | | 3 | 611 | Byzantine Emperor Constantine III (Feb 11-May 26 [?] 641) | | | 1455 | King Joao II of Portugal (1481-95), friend to Jews | | | 1469 | Niccolo Machiavelli, diplomat, strategist, author ("The Prince"), friend to Cesare Borgia, patron of Leonardo, d. 1527 | | | 1816 | Montgomery Meigs, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892 | | | 1826 | King Charles XV Bernadotte of Sweden and Norway (1859-72) | | | 1897 | V. K. Krishna Menon, leftist Indian Minister of Defense, d. 1974 | | | 1898 | Golda Meir, Israeli PM (1969-74), d. 1978 | | 4 | 1508 | Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Modena, & Reggio (1534-59), son of Alfonso I & Lucrezia Borgia, condottiero, d. 1559 | | | 1778 | Onorato V Gabriele Grimaldi, Prince of Monaco (1815-1841), Captain of Imperial Dragoons (1810-1814) | | | 1796 | Joseph Pannell Taylor, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864 | | | 1796 | William H. Prescott, historian ("The Conquest of Mexico"), d. 1859 | | | 1810 | Alexandre Florian Joseph, Duke Colonna-Walewski, illegitimate son of Napoleon I, Minister to Napoleon III, d. 1868 | | | 1889 | Francis J Spellman, Vicar General of the U.S. Armed Forces, Archbishop of NY, d. 1967 | | | 1928 | Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981-2011) | | 5 | 482 | Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus - Roman Emperor Justinian (527-565), at Tauresium, Thrace | | | 1061 | Godfrey of Bouillon, Crusader, King of Jerusalem (1099-1100) | | | 1352 | Ruprecht, uncrowned Holy Roman Emperor (1400-1410) | | | 1818 | Karl Marx, intellectual who inspired untold slaughter, d. 1883 | | | 1822 | Sir Harry Paget Flashman, V.C., etc., etc., d. 1915, fictionally | | | 1823 | James Allen Hardie, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1870 | | | 1826 | Eugenie Maria de Montijo y de Guzman, Mrs. Napoleon III, d. 1920 | | | 1879 | Symon Vasylyovych Petliura, Ukrainian nationalist, assassinated 1926 | | | 1884 | Wang Ching-Wei/Wang Jingwei, Premier of China (1932-35), Japanese collaborating President (1940-1944), d. 1944 | | | 1900 | Spencer Tracy, actor ("Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo"), d. 1967 | | | 1908 | Sir Reginald "Rex" Carey Harrison, RAF veteran, actor ("Cleopatra"), d. 1990 | | | 1913 | Tyrone Power, sometime Marine, actor ("Prince of Foxes"), d. 1958 | | 6 | 973 | Holy Roman Emperor Henry II (1014-1024) | | | 1405 | Gjergj Kastrioti Scanderbeg, Albanian national hero, d. 1468 | | | 1501 | Pope Marcellus II - Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi (Mar 17 - May 6, 1555) | | | 1574 | Giambattista Pamfili - Pope Innocent X (1644-1655) | | | 1585 | John Rolfe, husband to Pocahontas, d. 1622 | | | 1758 | Maximilien Robespierre, French demagogue, guillotined, 1794 | | | 1769 | Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, (1790-1801; 1814-1824), Prince-elector and Duke of Salzburg (1803-1806), Grand Duke of Würzburg (1806-1814), d. 1824 | | | 1812 | Maj. Martin Robinson Delany, abolitionist, seniormost black Civil War officer, d. 1885 | | | 1813 | Joseph Tarr Copeland, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1893 | | | 1825 | Joseph Bailey, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1867 | | | 1902 | Air Chief Marshal Sir Walter Lloyd Dawson, d. 1994 | | | 1913 | Stewart Granger, Gordon Highlander, actor ("Prisoner of Zenda," "Bohwani Junction"), d. 1993 | | | 1953 | Tony Blair, British prime minister (1997-2007) | | 7 | 1530 | Louis I de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, Huguenot leader, kia 1669 | | | 1574 | Giambattista Pamfili - Pope Innocent X (1644-55) | | | 1763 | Josef Poniatowski, Polish general, Marshal of France, d. 1813 | | | 1827 | Francis Engle Patterson, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1862 | | | 1892 | Josip Broz Tito, soldier, partisan, Yugoslav dictator (1943-1980), d. 1980 | | | 1901 | Gary Cooper, actor ("Sergeant York"), d. 1961 | | | 1919 | Evita Duarte, wife to Juan Peron, First Lady of Argentina, d. 1952 | | 8 | 1629 | Niels Juel, Danish-Norwegian admiral, victor of Rugen & Oland, d. 1697 | | | 1737 | Capt. Edward Gibbon of the Hampshire Grenadiers, sometime historian ("History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire"), d. 1794 | | | 1753 | Fr. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, leader of the Mexican Revolution, executed 1811 | | | 1810 | James Cooper, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1863 | | | 1814 | Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin, revolutionary anarchist, d. 1876 | | | 1824 | William Walker, American filibuster, President of Nicaragua (1856-57), d. 1860 in front of an adobe wall | | | 1833 | Frank Wheaton, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1903 | | | 1836 | Bryan Morel Thomas, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1905 | | | 1884 | Harry S Truman, National Guardsman, veteran, President (1945-1953), d. 1972 | | 9 | 1147 | Minamoto no Yoritomo, the first Kamakura Shogun of Japan (1192-1199) | | | 1800 | John Brown, radical abolitionist, hanged, 1859 | | | 1824 | William Edmonson "Grumble" Jones, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1843 | Belle Boyd, Confederate spy, d .1900 | | | 1882 | Henry J. Kaiser, industrialist, master ship builder, d. 1967 | | | 1892 | Zita of Bourbon-Parma, last Empress of Austria & Queen of Hungary, d. 1989 | | | 1907 | Baldur von Schirach, Nazi youth leader, d. 1974 | | | 1921 | Sophie Scholl, "White Rose" anti-Nazi, executed 1943 | | | 1925 | Peter John Hall Leng, General & Master-General of the Ordnance (1981-1983), d. 2009 | | 10 | 214 | M. Aurelius Claudius - Emperor Claudius II Gothicus (268-270); one of the few emperors to die of natural causes of the c. 40 who reigned between 211 & 307 | | | 1536 | Thomas Howard, Fourth Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal of England, d. 1572 | | | 1724 | Johan Zoutman, Dutch Admiral (Doggerbank), d. 1793 | | | 1730 | George Ross, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1797 | | | 1769 | Marshal of France Jean Lannes, duc de Montebello, kia, 1809 | | | 1770 | Marshal of France Louis Nicholas Davout, d. 1823 | | | 1810 | James Shields, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1879 | | | 1824 | Charles Henry Van Wyck, Brig Gen. U.S., d 1895 | | | 1838 | John Wilkes Booth, actor, heartthrob, assassin, k 1865 | | 11 | 1568 | Christian I of Anhalt-Bernburg (1603-1630) | | | 1720 | Karl Friedrich Heironymus Freiherr von Munchhausen, soldier, fabulist, d. 1797 | | | 1821 | Charles John Stolbrand, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1894 | | | 1830 | John Converse Starkweather, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1890 | | | 1888 | Irving Berlin, Doughboy, composer ("God Bless America", "I'm Dreaming of a White Christmas," "Oh How I hate to Get Up in the Morning/Some Day I'm Going to Murder the Bugler"), d. 1989 | | | 1894 | Anton A Mussert, Dutch Nazi, executed 1946 | | | 1912 | Phil Silvers, in Brooklyn, actor ("Sergeant Bilko," "Marcus Leicus Leno"), d. 1985 | | 12 | 1567 | Claudio Monteverdi, soldier, composer, d. 1643 | | | 1670 | Frederick Ausutus I, Elector of Savony (1694-1733), King Augustus II "the Strong" of Poland and Lithuania (1697-1706, 1709-1733), sire of c. 355 children | | | 1729 | Michael von Melas, Austrian field marshal, the French Wars, d. 1806 | | | 1806 | Amos Beebe Eaton, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1877 | | | 1812 | Louis Blenker, Brig Gen, U.S., in 1863 | | | 1820 | Florence Nightingale, "The Lady with the Lamp," d. 1910 | | 13 | 1265 | Dante Alighieri, cavalryman, traveler, poet, who loved Beatrice, d. 1321 | | | 1655 | Michelangelo Dei Conti - Pope Innocent XIII (1721-1724) | | | 1717 | Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary and of Bohemia (1740-1780), Empress Consort (1745-1765) | | | 1769 | King Joao VI of Portugal (1816-26) | | | 1792 | Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti - Pope St. Pius IX (1846-1878) | | | 1914 | Joseph Louis Barrow, the "Brown Bomber," heavyweight, soldier, d. 1981 | | | 1931 | James Warren "Jim" Jones, maniacal prophet, suicide, 1978, with c. 900 of his followers | | 14 | 968 | Earl Leofric of Mercia (1017-1057), husband to Lady Godiva | | | 1316 | King Charles IV of Bohemia (1346-78), Holy Roman Emperor (1355-78) | | | 1553 | Marguerite de Valois, Queen Consort of Navarre and of France, d. 1615 | | | 1710 | King Adolfus Frederik of Sweden (1751-70) | | | 1830 | George Pierce Doles, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1864 | | | 1836 | James Patrick Major, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1877 | | 15 | 1633 | Sebastien Le Prestre, Seigneur de Vauban, fortification master, d. 1707 | | | 1773 | Prince Klements Wenzel von Metternich, statesman, d. 1859 | | | 1929 | Andrew Willoughby Ninian Bertie, 78th Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, Rhodes, and Malta, d. 2008 | | 16 | 1611 | Benedetto Odescalchi - Pope Innocent XI (1676-1689), later beatified | | | 1760 | Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, composer of "La Marseillaise," d. 1836 | | | 1801 | William Henry Seward, Secretary of State (1861-1869) | | | 1806 | George C. Cadwalader, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1879 | | | 1816 | Henry Hopkins Sibley, Brig Gen, C.S.A., drunkard, d. 1886 | | | 1819 | Daniel Ammen, US naval officer, historian, d. 1898 | | | 1824 | Edmund Kirby Smith, General, C.S.A., d. 1893 | | | 1893 | Jose Calvo Sotelo, sometime Spanish Minister of Finance, murdered 1936, helping trigger the Spanish Civil War | | | 1905 | Henry Fonda, naval officer, actor ("Mr. Roberts"), d. 1982 | | | 1916 | Gregory Peck, actor ("Twelve O'Clock High"), d. 2003 | | | 1936 | Philippe de Montebello, Director Metropolitan Museum, heir to Marshal Lannes | | 17 | 1451 | Count Engelbert II of Nassau-Dillenburg-Dietz, Viceroy of Luxembourg | | | 1490 | Albrecht von Hohenzollern, 37th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and, having converted to Lutheranism, the first Duke of Prussia (1525-1568) | | | 1741 | John Penn, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1788 | | | 1812 | Joseph Warren Revere, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1880 | | | 1886 | King Alfonso XIII of Spain, born a king, deposed 1931, d. 1941 | | | 1900 | Ruhollah Khomeini, evil high priest, d. 1989 | | | 1925 | Malcolm X, k. 1965 | | | 1928 | Donald Cameron Watt, historian ("How War Came") | | | 1928 | Pol Pot, Cambodian mass murderer, d. 1998 | | 18 | 1797 | King Frederik Augustus II of Saxony (1836-54) | | | 1798 | Ethan Allen Hitchcock, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1870 | | | 1817 | James William Denver, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892 | | | 1868 | Nicholas II, the last Tsar (1894-1917), murdered, 1918 | | | 1869 | Crown Prince Rupert of Bavaria, German field marshal, d. 1955 | | | 1872 | Bertrand Russell, pacifist, when it was convenient, d. 1970 | | 19 | 1808 | Samuel Jameson Gholson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1883 | | | 1812 | Felix Kirk Zollicoffer, Brig Gen, C.S.A., kia 1862 | | | 1815 | John Gross Barnard, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1882 | | | 1828 | Adin Ballou Underwood, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1860 | Victor Emanuel Orlando, Italian premier (1917-19), d. 1952 | | | 1890 | Ho Chi Minh, Vietnamese Communist leader (1946-1969), d. 1969 | | | 1891 | Oswald Boelcke, German ace (40 kills), kia 1916 | | | 1897 | Frank Luke, American ace (18 kills), killed resisting capture, 1918 | | | 1939 | Francis R. Scobee, USAF, astronaut, d. 1986, 'Challenger' disaster | | | 1955 | Pierre J. Thuot, USN, astronaut | | 20 | 1743 | Toussaint L'Ouverture, Liberator of Haiti, d. 1803 | | | 1799 | Honoré de Balzac, author ("Droll Stories"), d. 1850 | | | 1828 | James William Reilly, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1905 | | | 1883 | Faisal ibn Husayn, friend to Lawrence, King of Iraq (1921-1933) | | | 1915 | Moshe Dayan, Israeli general and defense minister, d. 1981 | | | 1944 | David M. Walker, USN, astronaut, d. 2001 | | 21 | -427 | BC - Plato, wrestler, hoplite, philosopher, d. 348-347 BC | | | 1527 | King Philip II of Spain (1556-98) and Portugal (1580-98) | | | 1763 | Joseph Fouche, head of Napoleon's secret police, d. 1820 | | | 1775 | Lucien Bonaparte, Napoleon's smarter brother, Prince of Canino and Musignano, d. 1840 | | | 1822 | Dabney Herndon Maury, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1900 | | | 1822 | Mosby Monroe Parsons, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1865 | | | 1825 | George Lafayette Beal, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1896 | | | 1826 | Prince-Bishop Danilo I Petrovich-Njegos of Montenegro (1851-1860) | | | 1835 | Newton Martin Curtis, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1910 | | | 1851 | Leon Bourgeois, French politician, 1920 Peace Nobelist, d. 1925 | | | 1878 | Glenn Hammond Curtiss, aviation pioneer, d. 1930 | | | 1885 | Umberto Nobile, aviation pioneer, d. 1978 | | | 1921 | Andrei Sakharov, Father of the Soviet H-Bomb, Nobel Peace Prize, 1975 | | | 1924 | Telly Savalas, veteran, actor ("The Battle of the Bulge"), d. 1994 | | | 1925 | General Donn Albert Starry, soldier, scholar, military reformer, d 2011 | | | 1942 | Robert C. Springer, USMC, astronaut | | 22 | 1813 | Richard Wagner, composer ("The Flying Dutchman," "The Ring Cycle"), d. 1883 | | | 1821 | Alfred Sully, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1879 | | | 1859 | Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, author ("Sherlock Holmes), d. 1930 | | | 1885 | Toyoda Soemu, CinC Combined Fleet, 1944-1945, d. 1957 | | 23 | 1813 | Mason Brayman, Bvt Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1895 | | | 1824 | Ambrose E. Burnside, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1881 | | | 1837 | James Sanks Brisbin, Bvt Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1892 | | | 1843 | Hans Heinrich XIV, Graf von Hochberg, Freiherr zu Fürstenstein, composer | | | 1957 | Princess Caroline of Monaco | | 24 | -15 | BC - Germanicus Caesar, overrated general, d. AD 19 | | | 1738 | King George III (1760-1820) | | | 1743 | Jean-Paul Marat, who had a date with Charlotte Corday in the bathtub in 1793 | | | 1751 | King Charles Emanuel II of Sardinia (1796-1802) | | | 1753 | Oliver Cromwell, black American patriot, d. >1800 | | | 1803 | Charles Bonaparte, son of Lucien, nephew of Napoleon, Prince of Canino & Musignano, d. 1854 | | | 1811 | Charles Clark, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1877 | | | 1816 | Emanuel Leutze, painter ("Washington Crossing the Delaware"), d. 1868 | | | 1816 | Robert Seaman Granger, Brig Gen, d. 1894 | | | 1819 | Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901), Empress of India (1876-1901) | | | 1854 | Louis Battenburg/Mountbatten, the Marquis of Milford Haven, British admiral, d. 1921 | | | 1870 | Jan C. Smuts, South African field marshal, politician, d. 1950 | | | 1905 | Mikhail Sholokov, novelist ("And Quiet Flows the Don"), d. 1984 | | 25 | 1550 | Camillus de Lellis, Soldier & Saint, d. 1607 | | | 1781 | Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este, inept Hapsburg general, d. 1850 | | | 1818 | Eduard Totleben, Russian military engineer, defender of Sebastopol, d. 1884 | | | 1852 | Louis Franchet d'Espèrey, Marshal of France, d. 1942 | | | 1865 | King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony (1904-18), deposed, d. 1932 | | | 1878 | Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, drum major, 369th Infantry, WW I, dancer, d. 1949 | | | 1889 | Gunther Lutjens, German admiral, kia 1941 in the 'Bismarck' | | | 1889 | Igor Sikorsky, aviation pioneer, d. 1982 | | | 1908 | David Lean, British director ("Lawrence of Arabia"), d. 1991 | | 26 | 1478 | Giulio de' Medici - Pope Clement VII (1523-34) | | | 1566 | Ottoman Sultan Mohammed III (1595-1603) | | | 1799 | Alexander Pushkin, Russian author & poet, k in a duel, 1837 | | | 1806 | Henry Knox Thatcher, naval officer, U.S., d. 1880 | | | 1835 | Edward Porter Alexander, Brig Gen, C.S.A., artilleryman, d. 1910 | | | 1877 | Sadao Araki, Japanese Minister of War (1931-34), militaristic ultra-nationalist, d. 1966 | | | 1895 | Paul Lukas, actor ("Watch on the Rhine"), d. 1971 | | | 1907 | John Wayne, IV-F actor ("Sands of Iwo Jima"), d. 1979 | | | 1912 | Janos Kadar, Communist premier of Hungary (1956-58), d 1989 | | | 1923 | James Arness, Anzio veteran, actor ("The Thing", "Gunsmoke"), d. 2011 | | | 1941 | Aldrich Hazen Ames, CIA officer convicted of spying for the USSR in 1994 | | | 1968 | Prince Frederik of Denmark | | 27 | 1626 | Prince William II of Orange, stadtholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands (1647-1650), d. 1650 | | | 1756 | Maximilian I Joseph, Elector (1795-1805) and King (1806-1825) of Bavaria | | | 1774 | Adm Francis Beaufort, who devised the wind force scale, d. 1857 | | | 1819 | Julia Ward Howe, reformer, suffragette, lyricist ("The Battle Hymn of the Republic"), d. 1910 | | | 1823 | John Gray Foster, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1874 | | | 1836 | Edwin Gray Lee, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1870 | | | 1837 | James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok, d. 1876 | | | 1837 | Robert Frederick Hoke, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1912 | | | 1894 | Dashiell Hammett, soldier, novelist ("Maltese Falcon"), d. 1961 | | | 1923 | Henry Kissinger, in Germany, US Bulge veteran. sometime SecState | | | 1936 | Louis Gossett, Jr., actor ("An Officer & a Gentleman") | | 28 | -970 | BC - King Solomon of Israel (971-931 BC) | | | 1369 | Muzio Attendolo Sforza, Condottiero, drowned 1424 | | | 1371 | John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy (1404-1419) | | | 1577 | Count Floris II van Pallandt of Culemborg, d. 1598 | | | 1660 | King George I of England (1714-27) | | | 1759 | William Pitt the Younger, Prime Minister (1783-1801, 1804-06), d. 1806 | | | 1818 | Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard, General, C.S.A., d. 1893 | | | 1819 | William Birney, Brig Gen, U.S. d. 1907 | | | 1828 | Alpheus Baker, Brig Gen, C.S., d. 1891 | | | 1830 | George Lucas Hartsuff, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1874 | | | 1838 | Basil Wilson Duke, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1916 | | | 1908 | Ian Fleming, British spymaster, author ("James Bond"), d. 1964 | | 29 | 1439 | Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini - Pope Pius III (22 Sep-18 Oct 1503) | | | 1594 | Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim, Imperial general, kia 1632 | | | 1630 | King Charles II of England (1660-85) | | | 1736 | Patrick Henry, patriot, d. 1799 | | | 1810 | Erasmus Darwin Keyes, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1895 | | | 1810 | Solomon Meredith, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1875 | | | 1824 | Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1890 | | | 1825 | David Bell Birney, Maj Gen, U.S., d .1864 | | | 1827 | Reuben Lindsay Walker, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1890 | | | 1880 | Oswald Spengler, philosopher ("The Decline of the West"), d. 1936 | | | 1903 | Bob Hope, USO entertainer, d. 2003 | | | 1917 | John F. Kennedy, naval officer, president, k. 1963 | | 30 | 1220 | Alexander Nevski, Prince of Novgorod (1252-63) | | | 1524 | Ottoman Sultan Selîm II "the Blonde" (1566-74) | | | 1672 | Tsar Peter I "the Great" of Russia (1682-1725) | | | 1812 | John Alexander McClernand, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1900 | | | 1832 | George Doherty Johnston, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1900 | | | 1845 | Duke Amadeo d'Aosta, King of Spain (1870-73), d. 1890 | | | 1881 | George von Kuchler, German field marshal, d. 1968 | | | 1958 | Michael Lopez-Alegria, USN, astronaut | | 31 | 1469 | King Manuel I of Portugal(1495-1521) | | | 1819 | Walt Whitman, war poet ("Beat Drums, Beat!"), d. 1892 | | | 1837 | Stephen Dodson Ramseur, Maj Gen, C.S.A., kia 1864 | | | 1837 | William Henry Fitzhugh "Rooney" Lee, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1891 | | | 1837 | Stephen Dodson Ramseur, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d/w 1864 | | | 1857 | Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti - Pope Pius XI (1922-1939) | | | 1923 | Rainier III Grimaldi, French soldier, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949-2005) |
Died
| 1 | 408 | Roman Emperor Arcadius (395-408), at c. 30 | | | 1118 | Queen Maud/Matilda of England, c. 40, wife to Henry I | | | 1171 | King Dermot MacMurrough, c. 70, last Irish King of Leinster (1126-1171) | | | 1277 | King Stefan Uros I of Serbia (1243-76), deposed 1276 | | | 1281 | Ugolino Manfredi, condottiero, kia at Forli | | | 1282 | Count Taddeo of Montefeltro (1266-1282), kia against his brother Guido I, from whom he had usurpsed the title in 1266 | | | 1308 | Holy Roman Emperor Albrecht I von Hapsburg (1298-1308), c. 53, assassinated by his nephew | | | 1447 | Duke Ludwig VII of Bavaria (1413-43), c. 80 | | | 1555 | Pope Marcellus II - Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi (Apr 7-May 1, 1555), 53 | | | 1572 | Pope St. Pius V - Michele Ghisleri (1566-1572) | | | 1877 | Yakub Bey, c. 57, Emir of Kashgar & Eastern Turkestan, assassinated | | | 1888 | Erstwhile Confederate brigadier William Wirt Adams (69) and Mississippi journalist John H. Martin, the former having ambushed the latter, putting three bullets into him, but receiving on through the heart in return | | | 1896 | Shah Naser ed-Din of Persia (1848-96), murdered at 65 | | | 1933 | Calvin Coolidge, 60, President (1923-1929) | | | 1993 | Pres Ranasinghe Premadasa of Sri Lanka (1989-1993), 68, & his bodyguards, by a Tamil Tiger suicide bomber | | | 2011 | Osama bin Laden, 54, international terrorist, shot in his lair by US Navy SEAls | | 2 | 903 | Tsar St. Boris I of Bulgaria (852-889) | | | 1250 | Sultan Turanshah of Egypt (1249-1250), the last Ayyubid, assassinated | | | 1285 | Manfredo Manfredi, Lord of Serravalle al Senio, and his son Alberghetto, murdered by his brother Alberigo Manfredi, for their lands | | | 1424 | Ridolgo III da Varano, Lord of Camerino (1399-1424), condottiero with 64 children, at c. 60. | | | 1501 | Agamennone Marescotti, Patrician of Bologna, Agesilao Marescotti, Antenore Marescotti, Marescotto Marescotti, Scipione Marescotti, Tideo Marescotti, and their brother-in-law Bedoro de Preti, Patricians of Bologna, murdered by Ermes Bentivoglio for conspiring with Cesare Borgia | | | 1519 | Leonardo from Vinci, military engineer to the Borgia, friend to Machiavelli, artist, scientist, at 67 | | | 1679 | Archbishop James Sharp of St. Andrew's in Scotland (1661-1679), accidentally murdered at 76 less one day, by some assassins waiting to kill someone else | | | 1845 | August Pauly, scholar ("Real-Encyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft"), at 48 | | | 1849 | David Chasse, Dutch-Belgian general, at 84 | | | 1945 | Martin Bormann, 44, Hitler's henchman, probably killed by Soviet troops while trying to flee Berlin | | | 1972 | J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the FBI (1924-1972), at 77 | | | 2002 | William T. Tutte, 84, British master codebreaker | | 3 | 115 | Pope St. Alexander I (c. 106-115), martyr | | | 1270 | King Bela IV of Hungary (1235-1270), 63 | | | 1294 | Duke John I "The Victorius" of Brabant (1267-1294), and of Lothier and Limburg (1288-1294), c. 42 | | | 1410 | Antipope Alexander V - Pietro Philargi (June 26, 1409-May 3, 1410), c. 70 | | | 1442 | Count Engelbert I of Nassau-Dillenburg (1420-1442) | | | 1481 | Ottoman Sultan Mehemet II "the Conqueror" (1444-1446, 1451-1481), 49, mass murderer | | | 1758 | Pope Benedict XIV - Propsero Loreanzo Lambertini (1740-1758), scholar, 83 | | | 1916 | Patrick Henry Pearse/Pádraig Pearse, 35, Irish patriot, by British firing squad | | | 1926 | Napoleon V Bonaparte, pretender to the throne of France, at 65 | | | 2007 | Walter M. Schirra, Jr., USN, astronaut, at 84 | | 4 | 1471 | Prince Edward of Wales, son of Henry VI, kia, Tewkesbury, at 17 | | | 1471 | Sir John Wenlock, 1st Baron Wenlock (1461-1471), c. 68-70, axed for ineptitude by the Duke of Somerset, after Tewksbury | | | 1799 | Sultan Fateh Ali Tipu - "Tipu Sultan" of Mysore (1782-1799), 48, kia at Seringapatam | | | 1885 | King Alexander I Karadjordjevic of Serbia (1842-58), at 78 | | | 1938 | Carl von Ossietzky, pacifist, 1935 Peace Nobelist, at 52 | | | 1945 | Count Franz zu Stolberg-Wernigerode, in the Soviet P/W camp at Gostynia | | | 1955 | Louis Breguet, French aviation pioneer, at 75 | | | 1970 | Allison B. Krause (19), Jeffrey Glenn Miller (20), Sandra Lee Scheuer (20), & William Knox Schroeder (19), ROTC cadet, shot at Kent State | | | 1980 | Josip Broz Tito, dictator of Yugoslavia (1943-80), at 87 | | | 2004 | Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire (1950-2004), Military Cross, b. 1920 | | | 2011 | Claude Stanley Choules, 110, sometime Royal Navy seaman, last known combat veteran of World War I, who served in the RAN in World War II | | 5 | 1028 | King Alfonso V of Leon & Castila (999-1028), c. 34, while besieging Viseu | | | 1194 | Casimir II "the Just", Duke of Wilica (1166-1173), of Sandomierz (1173-1194), and Duke of Kraków and Grand Duke of Poland (1177-1194), c. 56 | | | 1309 | King Charles II of Naples (1285-1309), c. 55 | | | 1432 | Francesco "Carmagnola" Bussone, condottiero, beheaded by the Serenissima at c. 42 | | | 1525 | Elector Frederik III "the Wise" of Saxony (1486-1525), 62 | | | 1705 | Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1640-1705), at 64 | | | 1786 | Regnant King-Consort Pedro III of Portugal (1777-1786) | | | 1821 | Napoleon - The Corsican Ogre, 51, on St. Helena | | | 1827 | King Frederik Augustus I of Saxony (1806-27), at 76 | | | 1921 | Alfred H Fried, pacifist, 1911 Peace co-Nobelist, 67 | | | 1981 | Bobby Sands, 27, IRA activist, on the 66th day of a hunger strike | | | 2011 | Claude Stanley Choules, 110, the last combat veteran of WW I, the last veteran of the Grand Fleet, the last veteran of both World Wars, in Australia | | 6 | 523 | King Thrasamund of the Vandals (496-523), c. 73 | | | 988 | Count Dirk II of Holland (944-988), c. 58-68 | | | 1124 | Emir Balak of Aleppo (1123-1124), murdered | | | 1333 | Duke Bertoldo Orsini of Bracciano, Buccio Ballo, Cecco Ballo, Cola Orsini, Count Francesco dell'Anguillara, Francesco Savelli, Giovanni Annibaldi, Giovanni Orsini, Giovanni Savelli, Guglielmo Savelli, Martino da Porto Stefano, Matteo di Campo dei Fiori, Nuccio Savelli, Pietro d'Amico, & Rinaldo Orsini, in the Ambush of San Cesario | | | 1527 | Charles de Bourbon (37), French rebel, Imperial constable, shot in the head by Benevenuto Cellini while storming Rome | | | 1575 | Ristoro Ludovico Machiavelli, Patrician of Florence, executed for conspiracy against the Duke of Tuscany. | | | 1757 | Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin (70), Prussian field marshal, cannonballed at Prague while rallying the troops | | | 1882 | Chief Secretary for Ireland Lord Frederick Charles Cavendish (45) & Permanent Under Secretary for Ireland Thomas Henry Burke (53), shot by the Fenians | | | 1910 | King Edward VII of England (1901-10), 68 | | | 1987 | William J Casey, director of CIA (1981-87), at 73 | | | 1989 | Guy Williams (Armand Joseph Catalano), actor ("Zorro"), at 65 | | 7 | -399 | Socrates, c. 70, noted hoplite, stone cutter, busy-body, hemlocked [Alt] | | | 685 | Umayyad Caliph Marwan I ibn al-Hakam of Baghdad (684-685), at c. 62 | | | 973 | Holy Roman Emperor Otto I "the Great" (962-973), at 60 | | | 1166 | King William I "the Bad" of Sicily (1154-66), c. 35 | | | 1205 | King Ladislaus III Arpad of Hungary (1204-05), c. 5 | | | 1523 | Franz von Sickingen, 42, knight, adventurer, intriguer, kia | | | 1524 | Marquis Oberto Pallavicini, Condottiero, kia Garlasco | | | 1539 | Guru Nanak, founder of Sikhism, at 69 | | | 1884 | Judah P Benjamin, 72, Confederate cabinet member | | | 1915 | Elbert Hubbard, 58, author ("A Message to Garcia"), and the 127 other Americans plus over a thousand others, killed in the 'Lusitania' | | | 1932 | Albert Thomas, 54, French Minister of Munitions in WW I | | | 2000 | Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Knickerbocker Gray, naval officer, at 90 | | 8 | 535 | Pope John II - the Presbyter Mercurius (533-35) | | | 615 | Pope St. Boniface IV (608-615), c. 65 [or 25 May] | | | 1319 | King Haakon V of Norway (1299-1319), c. 49 | | | 1773 | Ali Bey Al-Kabir (c. 45), Mameluk Sultan of Egypt (1760-1762), deposed, murdered | | | 1794 | Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, 50, chemist, guillotined at Paris as a war profiteer | | | 1819 | King Kamehameha the Great of Hawaii (c. 1790-1819), at about 62 | | | 1844 | King Charles XIV of Sweden (1818-1844), 61, sometime Jean Bernadotte, Marshal of France | | | 1887 | Alexander Illich Ulyanov, 21, hanged for attempting to assassinate the Tsar, older brother of Vladimir Illich Ulyanov, later known as Lenin | | | 1915 | Henry McNeal Turner, first black army chaplain, at 82 | | | 1921 | Cassilly Adams, American artist ("Custer's Last Stand"), 82 | | | 1945 | Lt-Col. Frank Edward Bourne, OBE DCM, 91, last survivor of the defenders of Rorke's Drift, when he was a Colour Sergeant | | | 1988 | Robert A. Heinlein, 80, sometime naval officer, novelist ("Glory Road," etc) | | | 1994 | George Peppard, 65, sometime marine, actor ("The Blue Max") | | 9 | 480 | Roman Emperor Julius Nepos (474-475/480), c. 50 | | | 1280 | King Magnus VI of Norway (1263-80), at 42 | | | 1688 | Frederick William "The Great Elector" of Brandenburg, Duke of Prussia (1640 -1688), at 67 | | | 1766 | Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally, baron de Tollendal, 64, French general, executed at Paris | | | 1864 | Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick, kia at 50, though smaller than an elephant | | | 1949 | Prince Louis II Onorato of Monaco (1921-1949), French soldier & general, at 78 | | | 1992 | Marlene Dietrich, anti-Nazi, at 91 | | 10 | -45 | BC - Marcus Porcius Cato the Younger, 50, opponent of Caesar, suicide at Utica [Est] | | | 238 | Roman Emperor Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus -- Maximinus Thrax (235-238), c. 65, and his son G. Julius Verus Maximus, c. 18-20, beheaded by mutinous troops | | | 1632 | Louis de Marillac, 60, Count of Beaumont-le-Roger, Marshal of France, beheaded at Paris | | | 1774 | King Louis XV of France (1715-74), 64 | | | 1818 | Paul Revere, silversmith, gun founder, Patriot, 83 | | | 1863 | Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, 39, Lt Gen, C.S.A., probably of pneumonia, complicated by the loss of his arm | | | 1897 | Andres Bonifacio (32), & his brothers Ciriaco & Procopio, Philippine nationalists, executed by the Spanish | | | 1904 | Henry M Stanley, 63, Union & Confederate veteran, explorer, imperialist | | | 1943 | Andre Bertulot (22) & Arnaud Fraiteur (18), Belgian resistance fighters, hanged by the Nazis | | 11 | 1610 | Matteo Ricci, 58, intrepid & learned Jesuit missionary in China | | | 1778 | William Pitt the Elder, British PM (1756-61, 66-68), at 69 | | | 1812 | Spencer Perceval, 49, militiaman, British PM (1809-1812), assassinated | | | 1927 | Maj Gen Henry M. Robert, U.S., parliamentarian ("Rules of Order"), 90 | | | 1944 | Henk Hos, Dutch resistance fighter, executed by the Nazis at 37 | | | 1945 | Helga (12), Hilde (11), Helmut (9), Holde (8), Hedwig (6), & Heidrun (4) Goebbels, murdered by their parents, Joseph (47) & Magda Goebbels (43), who then committed suicide | | | 2006 | Frankie Thomas, actor ("Tom Corbett, Space Cadet"), at 85 | | 12 | 912 | Byzantine Emperor Leo VI "The Wise" (886-912), at 45 | | | 1003 | Pope Sylvester II - Gerbert of Aurillac (999-1003), c. 57, first French pope | | | 1012 | Pope Sergius IV - Pietro "Bucca Porci" (1009-1012) | | | 1382 | Queen Giovanna I [Joan] of Naples (1343-1382), c. 54, murdered, having ruined her kingdom while running through five husbands and numerous lovers | | | 1641 | Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, 48, executed by Bill of Attainder | | | 1863 | King Radama II of Madagascar (1861-1863), assassinated at 23 for opening the country to Christianity | | | 1864 | J.E.B. Stuart, 31, Confederate cavalryman, d/w from Yellow Tavern, 11th | | | 1905 | Hiram Cronk, last surviving War of 1812 veteran, at 105 | | | 1923 | Lt. Col. Earl "Pete" Ellis, USMC, 42, probably from drink, while travelling incognito in the Caroline Is. | | | 1935 | Marshal Joseph Pilsudski, founder of modern Poland, at 67 | | | 1944 | Max Brand [Frederick Schiller Faust], pulp western author, war correspondent with the US 351st Infantry, kia at 51 near Itri | | | 1957 | Erich von Stroheim, 71, actor ("The Grand Illusion") | | 13 | 1390 | King Robert II "the Steward" of Scotland (1371-90), 74 | | | 1619 | Johan Van Olden Barneveldt, 72, Dutch statesman, beheaded by the Calvinists for advocating religious freedom | | | 1865 | PVT John J Williams, 22, 34th Indiana, reportedly the "last man killed" in the Civil War, Palmeto Ranch | | | 1930 | Fridtjof Nansen, 68, explorer, scientist, diplomat, humanitarian, 1922 Peace Nobelist | | 14 | 649 | Pope Theodore I (642-49) | | | 964 | Pope John XII - Octavianus (955-64), c. 33, allegedly in the arms of his mistress | | | 1608 | Duke Charles III "the Great" of Lorraine (1545-1608), 55 | | | 1610 | King Henry IV of Navarre (1572-1610) and France (1589-1610), assassinated at 56 | | | 1643 | King Louis XIII of France (1610-43), at 41, son of Henry IV of Navarre and Fracne | | | 1781 | Major-General Abram Petrovich Gannibal, c. 86, African slave who became a general under Peter the Great, great-great-grandfather of Alexander Pushkin | | | 1906 | Carl Schurz, German revolutionary, Maj. Gen., U.S.V., social reformer, at 77 | | | 1912 | King Frederik VIII of Denmark (1906-12), at 68 | | | 1940 | Emma Goldman, 83, anarchist who first blew the whistle on the glorious "Bolshevik Revolution," and was totally ignored | | | 1968 | Husband E. Kimmel, who didn't understand the words "war warning," at 86 | | | 1991 | Jiang Qing, 77, widow of Mao Tse Tung, suicide | | | 1998 | Frank Sinatra, 82, notorious draft-dodger, entertainer, actor ("Von Ryan's Express") | | 15 | 392 | Roman Emperor Valentinian II (375-392), 21, found hanging in a locked room | | | 884 | Pope Marinus I (882-884) | | | 1174 | Atabeg al-Malik al-Adil Nur ad-Din Abu al-Qasim Mahmud Ibn 'Imad ad-Din Zangi -- Nur-ed-Din of Aleppo (1146-1174), 59 | | | 1464 | Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset (1455-1464), 28, executed by Edward IV | | | 1470 | "Charles VIII" -- King Charles II of Sweden (1448-1457, 1464-1465, 1467-1470) and I of Norway (1449-1450), c. 60 | | | 1526 | Thomas Müntzer, c. 36, leader of the German Peasants' War, executed | | | 1591 | Dimitri Ivanovitch, son of Tsar Ivan IV, murdered at 9 | | | 1638 | Gerrit Jansen, NYC's first recorded murder victim, knifed by Jan Gysbertsen in front of Fort Amsterdam | | | 1877 | Tajik Bey, Tadjik national hero, at about 57 | | | 1926 | Mohammed VI, last Ottoman Sultan (1918-22), 65 | | | 1932 | Inukai Tsuyoshi, 77, Prime Minister of Japan (1931-32), murdered by nationalists | | | 1976 | Samuel Eliot Morison, sailor, historian ("Admiral of Ocean Sea"), 88 | | 16 | 561 | Pope Pelagius I (556-561) | | | 1412 | Duke Giovanni Maria Visconti I of Milan (1402-1412), 24, stabbed while entering the Church of San Gottardo | | | 1691 | Jacob Leisler (c. 50), Jacobite Governor of NY, and Jacob Milborne, his son-in-law, half-hanged, then beheaded for treason | | | 1828 | Sir William Congreve, 55, inventor of the "Congreve Rocket" | | | 1864 | Lean Bear, Cheyenne chief, murdered by Colorado militiamen | | 17 | 1164 | Héloïse d'Argenteuil, c. 63, who loved Abelard | | | 1536 | Sir Francis Weston, c. 25, alleged lover of Anne Boleyn, beheaded | | | 1606 | Grigory Otrepyev "The False Dimitri," usurping tsar (July 21, 1605-May 17, 1606), lynched in Moscow | | | 1727 | Tsarina Catherine I of Russia (Febr 8, 1725-May 17, 1727), 43 | | | 1838 | Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord, 84, effective if eely French statesman | | 18 | 526 | Pope John I (523-26) | | | 1160 | King St Erik IX of Sweden (1155-1160) | | | 1291 | William de Beaujeu, 21st Master of the Templars, kia at Acre | | | 1807 | Marquis Adalberto Pallavicini, of Napoleon's 1st Royal Italian Infantry, kia Colberg | | | 1839 | Countess Carolina Bonaparte - Mrs. Joachim Murat, at 57 | | 19 | 526 | Pope St. John I (523-526) | | | 1125 | Grand Duke Vladimir Monomakh of Kiev (1113-1125), at c. 76 | | | 1296 | Pope St. Celestine V - Pietro di Murrone (5 Jul - 13 Dec 1294, resigned), c. 80 | | | 1536 | Anne Boleyn, c. 30-36, Mrs. Henry VIII No. 2, mother of Elizabeth, and her brother, George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford, c. 32, beheaded for treason | | | 1777 | Button Gwinnett, 42, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, of wounds from a duel on May 16th | | | 1864 | Nathaniel Hawthorne, 59, militiaman, novelist ("The Scarlet Letter") | | | 1895 | Jose Marti y Perez, poet, Cuban nationalist, kia at 42 | | | 1935 | T. E. Lawrence of Arabia, 46, motorcycle accident | | | 1953 | Damasco Berenguer y Fuste, Spanish general and historian, at 79 | | | 2002 | Walter Lord, 84, author ("Miracle at Midway") | | 20 | 685 | King Ecgfrith of Northumbria (670-685), kia at c. 40, Nechtansmere | | | 1277 | Pope John XXI [XX] - Pedro Julião (Sept 13, 1276-May 20, 1277), at c. 62, from injuries sustained when a roof collapsed - fourth pope to die since Jan 1276 | | | 1285 | King John II of Jerusalem and Cyprus (Mar 24, 1284-May 20, 1285), 17 or maybe 26 | | | 1506 | Christopher Columbus, intrepid navigator, inept administrator, in Spain at 55 | | | 1622 | Ottoman Sultan Osman II (1618-22), 17, murdered | | | 1648 | King Wladyslaw IV Wasa of Poland (1632-1648) | | | 1834 | The Marquis de Lafayette, 76 | | | 1943 | Adm. Henry A. Wiley, 76, CINCUS, 1927-1929, "Father of the Merchant Marine Academy" | | 21 | 879 | Count Baldwin "Iron Arm" of Flanders and Waas (860-879), c. 50 | | | 987 | Louis V, last Carolingian King of France (986-987), c. 20 | | | 1076 | Earl Waltheof of Northumbria (1055-1076), c. 25, last Anglo-Saxon earl in England, executed by William the Conqueror | | | 1118 | Pope Paschal II - Cardinal Ranierius of St. Clement's (1099-1118) | | | 1471 | King Henry VI of England (1422-61, 70-71), of France (1422-1453), 49, beheaded in the Tower by his cousin Edward IV | | | 1481 | King Christian I of Denmark (1448-1481), Norway (1450-1481), & Sweden (1457-1464), Duke of Schleswig and Holstein (1460-1481), c. 56 | | | 1542 | Hernando de Soto, c. 45, while searching for gold, Mississippi | | | 1650 | James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose (1612-1650), 37, Royalist commander, hanged by the Convenanters in Edinburgh | | | 1774 | Ottoman Sultan Mustapha III (1757-74), at 56 | | | 1926 | Symon Vasylyovych Petliura (47), Ukrainian nationalist, assassinated in Paris by an anarchist | | | 1942 | Freiherr Robert-Georg von Malapert-Neufville, 29, kia, flying a Stuka over Russia | | | 1988 | Dino Conte Grandi, Fascist, at 92 | | | 1991 | Rajiv Gandhi, 46, Indian Prime Minster (1984-91), assassinated | | | 1993 | John Frost, who held the "Bridge Too Far" in 1944, at 80 | | 22 | 455 | Roman Emperor Flavius Anicius Petronius Maximus (17 Mar-22 May 455), c. 60, murdered by a Roman mob | | | 1336 | Count Louis IV of Loon (1323-1336) | | | 1382 | Giovanna I, inept & unlucky Queen of Naples (1343-1382), Countess of Provence and Forcalquier, Queen consort of Majorca and titular Queen of Jerusalem and Sicily (1343?82), Princess of Achaea (1373?81), murdered at 54 by Charles of Durazzo, her successor | | | 1540 | Francesco Guicciardini, historian, at 57 | | | 1667 | Pope Alexander VII - Fabio Chigi (1655-1667), 69 | | | 1859 | King Ferdinand II "Bomba" of the Two Sicilies (1830-1859), 49 | | | 1885 | Victor Hugo, author ("Les Mierables", etc.), 83 | | | 1925 | Sir John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres, 72, inept Field Marshal | | 23 | 230 | Pope St Urban I (222-230) | | | 1002 | Otto III, King of the Germans (983-1002), Holy Roman Emperor (996-1002), at 21 | | | 1498 | Girolamo Savonarola, 45, radical preacher, barbecued in Florence | | | 1516 | King Ferdinand II of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia, and Navarre, Count of Barcelona, (1479-1516), King of Sicily (1468-1516), of Naples (1504-1516), King-Consort of Castile (1474-1504), Regent of Castile (1508-1516), 63 - widower of Isabella of Spain, co-patron of Columbus, skinflint | | | 1524 | Shah Isma'il Abu'l-Mozaffar bin Sheikh Haydar bin Sheikh Junayd Safawi -- Shah Isma'il I of Persia (1502-1524), 37, Founder of the Safavid Empire | | | 1570 | James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, c. 40, Regent of Scotland (1567-1570), assassinated | | | 1701 | Captain William Kidd, c. 55, New Yorker, & 3 henchmen, hanged in London | | | 1831 | Ciro Menotti, 31, Italian patriot, executed at Modena | | | 1868 | Kit Carson, 58, scout, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1920 | Svetozar Boroevic von Bojna, Austro-Hungarian field marshal, at 63 | | | 1945 | Heinrich Himmler, 44, Nazi, suicide | | 24 | 1153 | King David I of Scotland (1107-1153), at c. 68 | | | 1437 | Bernardino della Carra, condottiero, who commanded 800 lances. | | | 1670 | Grand Duke Ferdinando II de' Medici of Tuscany (1621-1670), at 59 | | | 1792 | Adm. George Brydges, Baron Rodney, at 81 | | | 1861 | Col. Elmer E. Ellsworth, 11th NY, shot at 24 by irate Reb James W. Jackson after pulling down a Confederate flag, Alexandria, Va | | | 1861 | James W. Jackson, shot & bayoneted by irate Yank Francis E. Brownell after having shot Elmer Elsworth | | | 1879 | William Lloyd Garrison, abolitionist, at 73 | | | 1896 | Conte Federico Luigi Menabrea, soldier, engineer, inventor, premier of Italy (1867-1869), at 86 | | | 1941 | Vice Adm. Lancelot Holland (53) and c. 1,400 others, in his flagship, HMS 'Hood' | | | 1986 | Lt Cdr Stephen D Thorne, astronaut, plane crash, at 33 | | | 1993 | Cardinal Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo (65) and six others, murdered, Guadalajara, Mex | | | 1995 | Harold Wilson, Prime Minister (1964-70, 74-76), of cancer at 79 | | | 2004 | Alberta Martin, 97, Civil War veteran's widow | | 25 | 615 | Pope Boniface IV (608-15), c. 65 | | | 1085 | Pope Gregory VII - Hildebrand of Sovana (1073-85), 60-65 | | | 1261 | Pope Alexander IV - Rinaldo dei Conti di Segni (1254-61), 65-75 | | | 1968 | George von Küchler, German field marshal, at 86 | | | 1971 | Jo Etha Collier, 17, murdered by white racists in Drew, Ms. | | | 1996 | Renzo de Felice, historian ("Mussolini"), at 67 | | 26 | 946 | King Edmund I "the Elder" (939-946), c. 24, in hand-to-hand combat with a party crasher | | | 946 | Leofa, bandit chief, in hand-to-hand combat while crashing Edmund's party | | | 1402 | Giovanni I Bentivoglio, Lord of Bologna, kia at Casalecchio | | | 1421 | Ottoman Sultan Mehmet I "The Gentleman" (1413-21), c. 37, of apoplexy | | | 1512 | Ottoman Sultan Bajezid II (1481-1512), 65, shortly after abdicating in favor of his son | | | 1703 | Samuel Pepys, 70, sometime secretary of the Admiralty, bon vivant, diarist | | | 1755 | Louis Mandrin, 30, French bandit chieftain, broken on the wheel | | | 1818 | Michael A Barclay de Tolly, Russian field marshal, 57 | | | 1840 | Admiral Sir Sidney Smith, G.C.B., who bested Napoleon repeatedly, 75 | | 27 | 866 | King Ordoño I of the Asturias (850-66), c. 45 | | | 927 | Tsar Simeon I "the Great" of the Bulgars (920-927), at c. 34 | | | 1039 | Count Dirk III of Holland (993-1039), c. 40-45 | | | 1508 | Ludovico "il Moro" Sforza, 55, sometime Duke of Milan (1494-1499; 1500), patron of the arts | | | 1529 | 30 Jews of Poching, Hungary, burned to death on charged of "blood ritual" | | | 1541 | Margaret de la Pole, 67, Countess of Salisbury, the last Plantagenet, beheaded for being Catholic & royal | | | 1569 | François de Coligny, c. 34, French Huguenot general | | | 1606 | The "False Dimtri", usurping tsar (July 1605-May 1606), butchered by the people of Moscow | | | 1610 | Francois Ravaillac, 32, murderer of Henry IV of France, drawn and quartered | | | 1661 | Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, 8th Earl of Argyll, Chief of Clan Campbell, c. 54, Scots Covenanter, soldier, beheaded | | | 1755 | Ulrich Friedrich Waldemar, Graf von Löwendahl, 55, Marshal of France | | | 1819 | Abraham Whipple, Patriot & Revolutionary War commodore, b. 1833 | | | 1916 | Joseph Gallieni, 67, who sent the taxis to the Marne | | | 1941 | Adm Gunther Lutjens (52) and c. 1,400 other German seamen, kia, 'Bismarck' | | | 1951 | Australian Field Marshal Sir Thomas Blamey, 66 | | | 2008 | Franz Kunstler, 107, last veteran of the kaiselich-und-koniglich Armee; veteran of two world wars | | | 2010 | John W. Finn, 100, last surviving Pearl Harbor Medal of Honor awardee | | 28 | 1259 | King Christopher I of Denmark (1252-1259), at c. 40 | | | 1357 | King Afonso IV of Portugal (1325-57), at 66 | | | 1509 | Caterina Sforza, 45, warrior countess, daughter and mother of condottiere | | | 1644 | Antonio Maria Marescotti, Patrician of Bologna, assassinated. | | | 1971 | Audie Murphy, America's "Most decorated soldier" of WW II, actor ("To Hell and Back"), at 45 in an air accident | | 29 | 1265 | Dante, 56, sometime cavalryman, traveler, poet, who loved Beatrice, | | | 1453 | Constantine XI, 49, last Byzantine Emperor (1449-1453), kia defending the Romanus Gate | | | 1500 | Bartholomeu Diaz, c. 50, explorer, drowned | | | 1546 | Cardinal Beaton, c. 50, Archbishop of St Andrews (1537-1546), murdered | | | 1606 | Ranuccio Tomassoni, murdered by Caravaggio in a dispute over a tennis game | | | 1660 | Prince Gyorgy II Rakoczi II of Transsylvania (1648-1660, with some interruptions), 39, d/w | | | 1814 | Joséphine de Beauharnais, Empress of the French (1804-14), at 50 | | | 1866 | Bvt Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott, "Old Fuss and Feathers" -- 79 | | | 1944 | 2nd Lt. Allen Brown, kia, Italy; step-son of George C. Marshall | | 30 | 339 | Eusebius of Caesarea, c. 75, "Father of Ecclesiastical History" | | | 542 | King Arthur of the Britons, kia [Trad] | | | 1035 | Count Baldwin IV "the Bearded" of Flanders (988-1035) | | | 1249 | King Ragnald V of Mann and the Isles (1248-1249), assassinated | | | 1252 | King St. Ferdinand III of Castila y Leon (1217-1252), 52 | | | 1305 | Captain Roger de Flor (c. 38) and some knights of the Catalan Company, massacred at Adrianople by Emperor Michael IX | | | 1431 | Joan of Arc, 19, burned as a witch by the English, Rouen | | | 1574 | King Charles IX of France (1560-74), 23 | | | 1582 | Laurence Richardson (c. 30-35), Luke Kirby (c. 33), Thomas Cottam (c. 33), & William Filby (30-35), executed at Tyburg in various creative ways, for being Catholic priests | | | 1593 | Christopher Marlowe, gentleman, playwright, spy, stabbed over a tavern bill, at 29 | | | 1912 | Wilbur Wright, aviation pioneer, at 45 | | | 1924 | Giacomo Matteotti, Italian Socialist, murdered by Fascists, at 39 | | | 1934 | Admiral of the Fleet Togo Heihachiro, at 87 | | | 1947 | Georg von Trapp, Austrian u-boat ace, sire of a musical clan, at 67 | | | 1961 | Dictator-President Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina ( of the Dominican Republic, assassinated at 49 | | | 1964 | Leo Szilard, nuclear physicist, at 66 | | | 1967 | Claude Rains, actor (Captain Renault in "Casablanca", Caesar in "Caesar & Cleopatra", etc.), at 77 | | | 1981 | President Ziaur Rahman of Bangladesh (1976-1981), 46, assassinated by rebellious officers | | | 2009 | Gaafar Muhammad Nimeiry, 79, President of Sudan (1969-1985) | | 31 | 1329 | Albertino Mussato, poet, soldier, historian, ambassador, in exile, at c. 60 | | | 1488 | Lord Galeotto Manfredi of Faenza, c. 48, Condottiero, Captain of Florence, murdered at 48 by his wife Francesca Bentivoglio because of his many affairs | | | 1504 | Count Engelbert II of Nassau-Dillenburg (1420-1442), c. 65 +/- 5 | | | 1740 | King Frederick-William I of Prussia (1713-1740), at 51 | | | 1806 | Michael Freiherr von Melas, inept Austrian general, at 77 | | | 1916 | B1C John Tavers Cornwell, 16, HMS Chester, kia, Jutland, earning a VC | | | 1962 | Adolf Eichmann, war criminal, hanged in Israel at 55 | | | 2009 | Millvina Dean, at 97, last survivor of the RMS 'Titanic', 1912 |
Event
| 1 | 0 | International Workers' Day | | | 0 | Law Day | | | 73 | The Romans breach the final defenses at Masada | | | 305 | Roman Emperor Diocletian (282-305) retires to grow cabbages at Spoletum, while his partner Maximian (286-305) retires too, under protest | | | 1006 | Supernova in Lupus | | | 1045 | Giovanni Graziani elected Pope as Gregory VI (1045-1046; abdicated, d. 1048) | | | 1654 | Parliament imposes the Pale on Ireland: The Irish are forced west of the Shannon | | | 1703 | Battle at Pultusk: Swedes defeat the Russians & Saxons | | | 1707 | Parliament forms the United Kingdom of Great Britain | | | 1759 | British fleet captures Guadeloupe from the France | | | 1857 | Filibuster William Walker surrenders to USN, Nicaragua | | | 1862 | David Farragut captures New Orleans | | | 1863 | Battle of Chancellorsville beings (ends on the 4th) | | | 1863 | Confederate Congress urges the killing of captured black soldiers | | | 1863 | Grant's Vicksburg Campaign: Battle of Port Gibson, Mississippi | | | 1866 | Fenian armed schooner 'Friend' takes a British ship off Canada | | | 1869 | The Folies-Bergere opens in Paris, a beacon for soldiers in three Franco-German wars | | | 1898 | Battle of Manila Bay: George Dewey says, "You may fire when ready, Mr. Gridley" | | | 1915 | A German u-boat sinks the American tanker 'Gulflight', 3 killed | | | 1917 | German torpedo plane sinks the British steamer 'Gena' | | | 1919 | Eruption of Mount Kelud, Indonesia, c. 5,000 die | | | 1919 | U.S. anti-radical "May Day Raids" | | | 1929 | Berlin: May Day demonstrators shot by police, 19 killed & injured | | | 1931 | The Empire State Building opens | | | 1936 | Emperor Haile Selassie leaves Ethiopia as the Italians rout his army | | | 1937 | FDR signs the Second Neutrality Act | | | 1941 | German assault on Tobruk | | | 1942 | Japanese troops occupy Mandalay, Burma, and press on westwards. | | | 1943 | Wartime food rationing begins in US | | | 1944 | U.S. Navy bombards Ponape, in the Carolines. | | | 1945 | Australians land on Tarakan, Borneo. | | | 1947 | Vice Adm Roscoe Hillenkoeter becomes 1st CIA director | | | 1948 | Democratic People's Republic of [North] Korea established | | | 1954 | Puerto Rican radicals shoot up the House of Representatives, 4 injured | | | 1960 | Francis Gary Powers' U-2 spy plane shot down over Sverdlovsk | | | 1961 | Fidel Castro announces there will be no more elections in Cuba | | | 1961 | First hijack of an American commercial airliner, to Cuba | | | 1962 | First French underground nuclear blast, in the Sahara | | | 1992 | Rioting in Los Angeles over the Rodney King verdict | | 2 | 73 | The Romans occupy Masada, finding that the garrison has committed suicide | | | 1399 | Pope Boniface IX proclaims a Crusade against Count Onorato I of Fondi | | | 1501 | Ermes Bentivoglio (19) initiates a massacre of the Marescotti at Bologna | | | 1598 | Treaty of Vervins: Spanish & French make peace | | | 1645 | Battle of Mergentheim: Franz von Mercy's Imperialists defeat Turenne's French | | | 1668 | Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle: ends French "War of Devolution" (1667-1668) to annex the Spanish Netherlands | | | 1703 | Portugal and England renew their ancient alliance | | | 1776 | France & Spain agree to donate arms to the American rebels | | | 1808 | Madrid rises against the French, igniting the Peninsular War, and inspiring Goya | | | 1813 | Battle of Lutzen: Napoleon defeats the Russo-Prussians | | | 1848 | Battle of Chiapuzza: Italian Nationalists defeat the Austrians | | | 1863 | Stonewall Jackson wounded by his own men at Chancellorsville | | | 1912 | Flying a Short S38 'amphibian' Lt. Charles R. Samson, RN, becomes the first man to take off from a moving ship, HMS battleship 'Hibernia' | | | 1933 | Hitler bans labor unions in Germany, as Nazi Storm troopers sack union offices and collect records | | | 1934 | Nazis institute "People's Courts" | | | 1942 | USS 'Drum' (SS-228) sinks Japanese seaplane carrier 'Mizuho' off Honshu. | | | 1943 | Japanese aircraft bomb Darwin, Australia | | | 1945 | Berlin formally surrenders to the Red Army | | | 1945 | German forces in Italy surrender | | | 1945 | Hungary's Crown of St. Stephen is entrusted to the U.S., which returns it to Hungary in 1978 | | | 1953 | Hussein I installed as King of Jordan (1953-2000) | | | 1964 | US Aircraft Transport 'Card' (ex CVE-11) sunk by Viet Cong UDT at Saigon | | | 1982 | Falklands War: sub HMS 'Conqueror' sinks Argentine CL 'Belgrano', c. 300 die | | | 1997 | Tony Blair becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain (1997-2007) | | 3 | 0 | World "Freedom of the Press" Day | | | 326 | St. Helena, Constantine's mother, finds the True Cross | | | 996 | Consecration of Pope Gregory V (996-999), first German pope | | | 1294 | John II becomes Duke of Brabant, Lothier, and Limburg (1294-1312). | | | 1342 | Count Hartmann II becomes ruler of Vaduz, in Liechtenstein | | | 1382 | Battle of Beverhoudsveld: Ghent defeats Bruges, using firearms | | | 1515 | Portuguese fleet captures Hormuz, Persia | | | 1568 | The French burn the Spanish fort at San Mateo, Florida | | | 1616 | Treaty of Loudun: ends Second League of Princes rebellion against Louis XIII (1615-1616) | | | 1622 | Portguese-held Hormuz [Bandar Abbas], besieged since 18 Feb, surrenders to an Anglo-Persian force | | | 1678 | French fleet attacks Dutch Curaçao, 1200 die | | | 1800 | Second Battle of Stockach: French defeat the Austrians | | | 1808 | The Russians capture Sveaborg from the Swedes | | | 1809 | Battle of Ebelsberg: French defeat the Austrians | | | 1810 | Lord Byron swims the Hellespont | | | 1811 | Five day Battle of the Fuentes de Onoro begins: Wellington defeats the French | | | 1814 | Napoleon arrives on Elba | | | 1815 | Battle of Tolentino: Austrians defeat King Joachim Murat of Naples | | | 1846 | Mexican army invades Texas | | | 1861 | Lincoln orders expansion of Army by 23,000 and Navy by 18,000 | | | 1861 | USS 'Surprise' captures Confederate privateer 'Savannah' | | | 1861 | Winfield Scott proposes the "Anaconda Plan" | | | 1863 | Battle of Salem Church, VA | | | 1898 | Marines raise Old Glory over Cavite, the Philippines | | | 1919 | Third Anglo-Afghan War begins | | | 1936 | French Popular Front wins elections | | | 1938 | The Vatican recognizes Franco's government in Spain | | | 1942 | Nazis require Dutch Jews to wear a Star of David | | | 1942 | Solomon Is.: Japanese troops occupy Tulagi, Gavutu, & Tanambogo | | | 1943 | US 1st Armored Div captures Mateur, Tunisia | | | 1944 | Allied aircraft begin mining waters off Rangoon and Bangkok | | | 1944 | Meat rationing ends in US | | | 1945 | Allies arrest German nuclear physicist Werner Heisenberg | | | 1945 | British troops liberate Rangoon | | | 1945 | Polish 10th Armoured Brigade captures Wilhelmshafen http://www.strategypage.com/cic/docs/cic343b.asp#two | | | 1945 | RAF sinks several German prison-ships in Lubeck Bay, c. 7,500 die | | | 1946 | Military Tribunal in Tokyo begins war crimes trials | | | 1949 | First firing of a US Viking rocket, to 80 km | | | 1982 | Falklands War: Argentine exocet sinks HMS 'Sheffield' | | | 1983 | US Catholic bishops condemn nuclear weapons | | 4 | 0 | Feast of St. Florian, Patron of Poland and of Firemen | | | 1471 | Battle of Tewksbury: Yorkists defeat the Lancastrians, making Edward IV King of England | | | 1481 | Neapolitans liberate Otranto from the Ottomans | | | 1493 | Pope Alexander VI divides America between Spain & Portugal | | | 1540 | Treaty of Constantinople, between Venice and Turkey | | | 1626 | Peter Minuit buys Manhattan from the Indians, for a lot more than $24 | | | 1652 | Battle of Etampes: Turenne's French Royal Army defeats the Fronde rebels | | | 1799 | English capture Seringapatam, India. | | | 1814 | Bourbon Restoration in France; Louis XVIII "the Unavoidable" becomes king (1814-1815, 1815-1824) | | | 1858 | Mexican War of Reform begins: Juaristas establish a capital at Vera Cruz | | | 1863 | Battle of Chancellorsville: Army of the Potomac withdraws | | | 1864 | U. S. Grant crosses the Rapidan to begin the Overland Campaign | | | 1865 | Confederate Lt Gen Richard Taylor surrenders to Maj Gen Edward Canby, at Citronelle, Ala | | | 1865 | Lincoln is laid to rest in Springfield, Ill | | | 1886 | Haymarket riot in Chicago; bomb kills 7 policemen | | | 1891 | Sherlock Holmes falsely reported dead at Reichenbach Falls | | | 1898 | U.S. landing party skirmishes with Spanish troops at Guanoy, Philippines | | | 1912 | Italians capture Rhodes from the Turks | | | 1916 | Germany abandons unrestricted submarine warfare, at the "request" of the US | | | 1917 | "The Mayflower Returns" - US DDs reach Ireland, to join the U-Boat war | | | 1917 | Arab rioters sack the Jewish settlement of Tel Aviv | | | 1942 | Corregidor subject to an intense artillery and aerial bombardment. | | | 1942 | USS "Yorktown" (CV-5) raids Japanese at Tulagi, damaging a destroyer. | | | 1945 | British ships bombard Japanese in the Sakishimas, off Okinawa | | | 1945 | German troops in the Netherlands, Denmark, and Norway surrender | | | 1946 | US Marines recapture Alcatraz from rioting prisoners | | | 1970 | Ohio National Guard kills four students at Kent State | | 5 | 614 | The Persians take Jerusalem with great slaughter, & capture the True Cross | | | 1010 | Battle of Ringmere: The Danes defeat Ulfkell Snilling of Norfolk | | | 1405 | Battle of Pwllmelyn: English defeat Owen Glendower & the Welch | | | 1430 | Jews are expelled from Speyer, Germany | | | 1576 | Peace of Beaulieu: restores the government of Picardy to the Protestant Prince de Condé | | | 1646 | King Charles I surrenders in Scotland | | | 1789 | French King Louis XVI calls for the convening the Etats Genereaux, for the first time since 1614 | | | 1797 | Napoleon's sister Elisa marries Prince Felix Bacciochi | | | 1809 | Canton Aargau, Switzerland, denies citizenship to Jews | | | 1814 | British attack Ft Ontario, Oswego, NY | | | 1833 | Turks cede Crete and Syria to Mehemet Ali of Egypt | | | 1860 | Garibaldi and the Thousand sail from Quarto for Sicily | | | 1861 | Confederate troops abandon Alexandria, Va. | | | 1862 | Cinco de Mayo: Mexican forces defeat the French at Puebla | | | 1862 | Peninsular Campaign: Battle of Williamsburg, VA | | | 1864 | Battle of Wilderness: Germanna Ford/Wilderness Tavern | | | 1866 | Guano War: Spanish fleet bombards Callao, Peru | | | 1891 | Official opening of Carnegie Hall, with a program by Walter Damrosch and Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky | | | 1908 | The Great White Fleet reaches San Francisco | | | 1913 | The Great Powers force Montenegro to withdraw from Scutari, which is occupied by peace keeping troops | | | 1920 | Polish troops capture Kiev | | | 1938 | Mussolini and Hitler review the Italian fleet in the Bay of Naples | | | 1940 | Norwegians form a government-in-exile in London | | | 1941 | Emperor Haile Selassie returns to Addis Ababa | | | 1942 | British land at Diego Suarez, Vichyite naval base in Madagascar. | | | 1942 | Burma: British forces evacuate Akyab. | | | 1942 | Philippines: Japanese troops land on Corregidor | | | 1942 | Southwest Pacific: Japanese CVs 'Zuikaku' & 'Shokaku' enter the Solomons Sea, as Yorktown (CV-5) & Lexington (CV-2) rendezvous in the Coral Sea | | | 1942 | US begins rationing sugar during WW II | | | 1944 | British release Mahatma Ghandi, imprisoned since August 1942 | | | 1945 | Okinawa: 131 Kamikaze sink 17 ships | | | 1945 | Oregon: Japanese balloon bomb kills a pregnant woman and five children | | | 1952 | Herman Wouk's "The Caine Mutiny" wins the Pulitzer Prize | | | 1954 | Paraguay: Military coup by General Alfredo Stroessner | | | 1961 | Alan Shepard makes a suborbital flight in Freedom 7 | | | 1964 | Separatist riot in Québec | | | 1965 | First large US ground units arrive in South Vietnam | | | 1985 | At the Bitburg military cemetery, President Reagan & Chancellor Kohl lay a wreath at a memorial marking the graves of nearly 2,000 German and Allied personnel | | 6 | 0 | Regimental day of the Swiss Guard, commemortating the rescue of Pope Clement VII in 1527, during which c. 150 guardsmen lost their lives | | | 1249 | Reginald/Ragnald V becomes King of the Isle of Man (1248-1250) | | | 1333 | The Ambush of San Cesario: Stefano Colonna (20) slaughters the Orsini & Savelli, a deed celebrated by Petrarch | | | 1456 | The Oddi & Corgna families attempt a coup against the Baglioni at Perugia | | | 1527 | Charles V's Spanish and German troops begin the "Sack of Rome" | | | 1529 | Battle of Ghagra: Babur defeats the Sultan of Bengal | | | 1622 | Battle of Wimpfen: Imperial troops under Tilly & Cordoba defeat George Frederick of Baden-Durlach | | | 1757 | Battle of Prague: Frederick the Great defeats the Austrians | | | 1794 | Toussaint L'Ouverture begins the Haitian Revolution against France | | | 1848 | Battle of Santa Lucia: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese | | | 1861 | Arkansas is the 9th state to secede from the Union | | | 1864 | Battle of Port Walthall Junction, VA | | | 1864 | Cherokee Chief Stand Watie is made a Confederate brigadier general | | | 1864 | The Wilderness: James Longstreet is wounded by friendly fire during a counterattack | | | 1889 | Dedication of the Eiffel Tower | | | 1898 | US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire at Havana & Santiago | | | 1910 | King George V ascends the British throne (1911-1936) | | | 1915 | Gallipoli: Allies attack Cape Hellas | | | 1916 | Belgians capture Kigali, German East-Africa | | | 1919 | The 77th Division marches home up Fifth Avenue | | | 1933 | Italo-Soviet trade agreement: Fascists and Communists united | | | 1937 | Hindenburg disaster, Lakehurst, NJ, 36 die | | | 1941 | Bob Hope stages his first USO show, March Field, California | | | 1942 | Corregidor and the Philippines surrender to the Japanese | | | 1945 | Axis Sally makes her last broadcast | | | 1945 | German troops in the Netherlands surrender to the Allies | | | 1948 | Greek government executes 43 communist rebels at Athens | | | 1955 | West Germany joins NATO | | | 1962 | USS 'Ethan Allen' (SSBN-608) fires the first nuclear warhead from a submerged submarine | | 7 | -431 | BC - Peloponessian War begins [Alt] | | | 878 | Battle of Ethandune: Alfred the Great defeats the Danes | | | 1342 | Pierre Roger elected Pope as Clement VI (1342-1352) | | | 1355 | Massacre of 1,200 Jews at Toledo | | | 1429 | Joan of Arc breaks the English siege of Orleans | | | 1592 | Battle of Yvetot: Spanish defeat the French | | | 1682 | HM Frigate 'Gloucester' wrecked off the English coast, with heavy loss of life | | | 1727 | Tsarina Catherine I of Russia expels Jews from Ukraine | | | 1748 | French capture Maastricht | | | 1763 | Pontiac's Rebellion: Pontiac attacks the British in Ft. Detroit | | | 1765 | HMS 'Victory' is launched | | | 1779 | USN Sloop-of-War 'Providence' captures HM Brig 'Diligent' | | | 1832 | Great Powers recognize Greek independence from Turkey | | | 1848 | Battle of Stretta di Ospitale: Italians defeat the Austrians | | | 1861 | Knoxville, Tn: Riot between Secessionists & Unionists | | | 1862 | Battle of West Point/Eltham's Landing/Barnhamsville, VA | | | 1866 | Otto von Bismarck wounded by an assassin | | | 1898 | US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire at Havana | | | 1915 | German 'U-20' torpedoes the liner 'Lusitania', 1198 die | | | 1920 | Russo-Polish War: The Poles capture Kiev | | | 1937 | German Condor Legion arrives in Spain to help the Nationalists | | | 1939 | Hitler & Mussolini proclaim the Rome-Berlin Axis | | | 1940 | Winston S. Churchill becomes Prime Minister of the UK | | | 1942 | Battle of the Coral Sea, Day 1: US sinks CVL 'Shoho', loses an oiler and destroyer | | | 1942 | British capture Diego Suarez, Madagascar, from the Vichy French. | | | 1942 | Japanese submarine-borne aircraft reconnoiter Aden. | | | 1942 | Nazis order murder of pregnant Jewish women in Kovno | | | 1943 | British troops capture Tunis | | | 1943 | Nazis require all Dutch men 18-35 to report for labor service | | | 1943 | SS 'G. W. Carver' launched, 1st Liberty Ship named for a black American | | | 1943 | US 1st Armored Div captures Ferryville, Tunisia | | | 1943 | US 9th Infantry Div captures Bizerte, Tunisia | | | 1943 | US DDs mine Blackett Strait. | | | 1944 | Heavy Allied air raids on sea routes off Rangoon and Bangkok | | | 1945 | Germany signs preliminary surrender | | | 1945 | SS open fire on crowd in Amsterdam, killing 22 | | | 1945 | The Dutch "Princess Irene Bde" liberates the Hague | | | 1954 | Dien Bien Phu: Vietminh overrun the French after a 55-day siege | | | 1956 | Franco-Algerian War: Battle at Oran, 300 die | | | 1957 | USAF F-104 Starfighter reaches 90,000 feet | | | 1989 | Panama: Manuel Noriega seizes power after losing an election | | | 1992 | Maiden voyage of the space shuttle 'Endeavor' | | 8 | 1307 | Battle of Sanquhar: James "the Black" Douglas defeats the English | | | 1360 | Anglo-French Treaty of Bretigny, suspends the Hundred Years War | | | 1373 | Battle of Montechiari: The Anti-Visconti League defeats the Visconti | | | 1450 | Jack Cade's Rebellion begins: Kentish revolt against King Henry VI | | | 1721 | Michelangelo dei Conti elected Pope as Innocent XIII (1721-1724) | | | 1846 | Mexican War: Battle of Palo Alto, Texas | | | 1848 | Battle of Cornuda: Austrians defeat Veneto-Papal forces | | | 1859 | Battle of Casale: Garibaldi defeats the Austrians | | | 1862 | Valley Campaign: Federals repulsed at Battle of McDowell, Va | | | 1864 | Battle of Spotsylvania begins | | | 1886 | Confederate veteran John S. Pemberton invents Coca Cola | | | 1895 | China cedes Taiwan to Japan | | | 1911 | Birth of Naval Aviation: USN orders its first airplane, a Curtiss A-1 | | | 1924 | A League of Nations plebiscite transfers Memel to Lithuania | | | 1925 | French victory over the Riff Rebels in Morocco | | | 1941 | Royal Navy captures 'U-110', with an intact Engima machine | | | 1942 | Battle of the Coral Sea, Day 2: U.S. loses 'Lexington' (CV-2), Japanese 'Shokaku' is damaged; Japanese abandon attack on Port Morseby | | | 1943 | BB 'Yamato' sails from Truk, her first movement since August 29, 1942. | | | 1943 | Japanese lose 3 DDs to US mines in Blackett Straits. | | | 1944 | Chinese 30th & New 38th Divs advance on Kamaing, Burma. | | | 1945 | V-E Day; Germany signs unconditional surrender | | | 1952 | US conducts the first H-Bomb test, Eniwetok Atoll | | | 1963 | JFK offers Israel assistance against aggression | | | 1967 | Muhammad Ali is indicted for refusing induction into the Army | | | 1972 | Lod Airport, Israel: Sabena aircraft captured by Palestinian terrorists | | | 1991 | CIA director William H Webster resigns | | 9 | -48 | BC - Caesar retreats from Dyracchium | | | 1386 | Treaty of Windsor: England & Portugal initiate the world's most enduring alliance | | | 1609 | Dutch & Spanish conclude the "Twelve Years' Truce" | | | 1671 | Col. Thomas Blood attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London | | | 1812 | Napoleon leaves Paris to join his army for the invasion of Russia | | | 1831 | Alexis de Tocqueville arrives in the US, at Newport, RI, for a ten month tour | | | 1846 | Mexican War: Battle of Resaca de la Palma | | | 1849 | Battle of Palestrina: The Garibaldini defeat the Neapolitans | | | 1861 | US Naval Academy moves from Annapolis to Newport, aboard the USS 'Constitution' | | | 1862 | Battle of Farmington, Ms | | | 1862 | Confederates abandon positions near Ft Pickens, Pensacola | | | 1864 | Battle of Cloyd's Mt | | | 1864 | Battle of Dalton, Ga | | | 1864 | Battle of Swift Creek/Drewery's Bluff/Ft Darling, Va | | | 1864 | Naval battle of Helgoland: Tegethoff's Austrians defeat the Danes | | | 1898 | Havana: US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire | | | 1911 | Mexican Revolutionaries invest Ciudad Juarez (to May 11) | | | 1915 | Battle of Artois begins | | | 1916 | Sykes-Picot Agreement: Brits & French divide up the Ottoman Empire | | | 1926 | Lt Cdr Richard Byrd & CMM Floyd Bennett fly over the North Pole | | | 1936 | Italian troops occupy Addis Abeba, securing Ethiopia | | | 1942 | USS 'Wasp' (CV-7) launches 47 RAF Spitfires to reinforce Malta | | | 1944 | Japanese capture Lushan & the Peking-Hankow RR | | | 1945 | Czechoslovakia liberated from Nazi occupation | | | 1945 | German troops in the Channel Islands surrender to the British | | | 1946 | Victor Emmanuel III of Italy abdicates in favor of his son Umberto II, who reigns one month | | | 1949 | Accession of Rainier III as Prince of Monaco (1949-2005) | | | 1955 | German Federal Republic joins NATO | | | 1964 | Khrushchev visits Egypt | | 10 | 537 | Battle of Dover: King Arthur defeats Modred | | | 946 | Election of Pope Agapetus II (946-955) | | | 1267 | Jews of Vienna ordered to wear distinctive clothing | | | 1278 | Jews in England imprisoned on false charges of counterfeiting | | | 1307 | Battle of Loudon Hill: Robert the Bruce defeats the Earl of Pembroke | | | 1318 | Battle of Dyset o'Dea: The Irish defeat the English & their minions | | | 1427 | Jews are expelled from Bern, Switzerland | | | 1499 | Cesare Borgia marries Charlotte d'Albret, sister to the King of Navarre, cousin to the King of France | | | 1655 | England captures Jamaica from Spain, gaining its first colony | | | 1676 | Bacon's Rebellion begins in Virginia | | | 1748 | John Newton, slaver, sees the light, becomes an abolitionist, clergyman, and hymn writer ("Amazing Grace") | | | 1774 | Louis XVI ascends the throne of France | | | 1775 | 2nd Continental Congress convenes, to fight the American Revolution | | | 1775 | Benedict Arnold, Ethan Allan, & the Green Mountain Boys capture Ticonderoga | | | 1796 | Battle of Lodi: Bonaparte defeats the Austrians | | | 1849 | The Theater Riot in Astor Place, NYC, c. 25 die | | | 1857 | Sepoy uprising at Meerut initiates the Indian Mutiny | | | 1861 | Riot in St. Louis between Secessionists and Loyalists, c. 30 die | | | 1862 | Battle of Plum Run Bend, TN | | | 1862 | Confederates torch & evacuate the Norfolk and Pensacola Navy Yards | | | 1865 | Irwinsville, Ga.: Jefferson Davis captured by Union troops | | | 1871 | Peace of Frankfurt-am-Main: France cedes Alsace-Lorraine to Germany | | | 1880 | War of the Pacific: Chilean fleet bombards Callao, Peru | | | 1898 | Havana: US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire | | | 1917 | British begin convoying merchant ships against u-boats | | | 1918 | Royal Navy commando raid on Ostend: HMS 'Vindictive' is sunk to block the Harbor | | | 1919 | Race riot in Charleston, 2 blacks killed | | | 1924 | J Edgar Hoover appointed head of FBI (1924-1972) | | | 1933 | Chaco War: Paraguay declares war on Bolivia | | | 1933 | Nazis stage book burnings throughout Germany | | | 1936 | Spanish Leftists depose Pres Alcala-Zamora, to install Manuel Azaña, making civil war certain | | | 1940 | British form the Home Guard | | | 1940 | Germany invades France, Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg | | | 1940 | Kurt Student becomes the first general to a make combat parachute jump, over Rotterdam | | | 1940 | Luftwaffe bombs Freiburg, Germany, by mistake; Goebbles blames the RAF | | | 1941 | Rudolf Hess, Adolph Hitler's deputy, parachutes into Scotland | | | 1941 | The House of Commons is severely damaged by Luftwaffe fire bombs | | | 1945 | Mindanao: Filipino guerrillas support Eighth Army landings | | | 1948 | Egyptian irregulars attack Kfar Darom, Israel | | | 1956 | France sends 50,000 reservists to Algeria | | | 1960 | USS 'Triton' (SSN-586) completes first submerged circumnavigation | | | 1968 | Vietnam War: Paris peace talks begin, as does the Battle of Hamburger Hill | | | 1972 | Vietnam War: USN aviators Randy "Duke" Cunningham & Willie Driscoll score their 3rd, 4th, & 5th MiGs, are then shot down by an SA2, but rescued | | 11 | 330 | Constantine founds his city | | | 878 | Battle of Ethandun: King Alfred of Wessex defeats the Danes | | | 1189 | Regensburg: HRE Frederik I Barbarossa's Crusaders depart for the Holy Land | | | 1421 | Jews are expelled from Styria, Austria | | | 1678 | French Admiral Jean d'Estrées' fleet wrecked off Curaçao, 30 ships lost, hundreds drown | | | 1689 | Naval Battle of Bantry Bay: French vs English | | | 1690 | English capture Port Royal, Nova Scotia | | | 1745 | War of the Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy | | | 1815 | Neapolitan 12th Infantry ambushes Austrian troops near Itri | | | 1834 | Battle of Zacatecas: Santa Anna crushes the local militia | | | 1849 | Lts W. S. Hancock & Henry Heth play cards with Maj Gen Winfield Scott, and tactfully lose | | | 1857 | Delhi falls to the mutinous Sepoys | | | 1860 | Garibaldi and the Thousand land at Marsala, Sicily | | | 1862 | CSS 'Virginia/Merrimac' is scuttled in the James River | | | 1864 | Skirmish at Yellow Tavern: J.E.B. Stuart mortally wounded | | | 1881 | Attempted assassination of Russian Crown Prince Nicholas (II), in Otsu, Japan, by a Japanese police officer; a bloody shirt from the incident preserved in the Hermitage will later provide DNA used to identify the late Tsar's remains | | | 1898 | USN cable cutting raid at Cienfuegos, Cuba | | | 1898 | USN landing party raids Cardenas, Cuba | | | 1906 | King Alfonso XIII of Spain marries Princess Victoria Eugenia of Great Britain, and survives an assassin's bomb; 20 k, many w. | | | 1911 | Mexican Rebels take Ciudad Juarez, besieged since the 9th | | | 1918 | Henry Johnson, 369th Infantry, called by T. Roosevelt one of the "five finest soldiers" in the AEF, earns America's first Croix de guerre, but still awaits a Medal of Honor | | | 1938 | First USCG award of the DFC, LT C. B. Olsen, for a rescue at sea | | | 1943 | RMS 'Queen Mary' arrives at New York with Winston Churchill and the British Chiefs of Staff, en route to Washington, as well as 5,000 Afrika Korps veterans, and the 300 troops guarding them, en route to P/W camps | | | 1943 | US 7th Infantry Division lands on Attu, against stiff resistance | | | 1945 | New Guinea: Australian troops land near Wewak area. | | | 1955 | Israeli raid on Gaza | | | 1960 | Israeli agents capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires | | 12 | 254 | Election of Pope Stephan I (254-257), later canonized | | | 1082 | Battle of Mailberg: Vratislav II of Bohemia defeats Leopold II of Austria | | | 1167 | Battle of Monte Porzio: Frederick Barbarossa defeats the forces of Pope Alexander III | | | 1264 | Three day battle of Lewes begins: Earl Simon de Montfort of Leicester defeats & captures Henry III | | | 1328 | Pietro Rainalducci becomes anti-Pope as "Nicholas V" (1328-30) | | | 1607 | Foundation of Jamestown, Virginia | | | 1629 | The Piedmontese capture Trino from the Mantuans | | | 1649 | Naval Battle of Focchies: Venetians defeat the Turks | | | 1780 | British capture Charleston | | | 1789 | NYC Revolutionary War veterans form the Society of St Tammany | | | 1795 | Battle of Nu'uanu: Kamehameha unifies Hawaii [Est] | | | 1796 | Bonaparte abolishes the 820 year old Republic of Venice | | | 1797 | Mutiny in the British Fleet at the Nore (subdued June 16) | | | 1815 | Austrians overwhelm the Neapolitan 12th Regt, north of Itri | | | 1863 | Battle of Raymond, Miss | | | 1864 | Atlanta Campaign: Widespread skirmishing around Dalton | | | 1879 | War of the Pacific - Battle of Iquiqui: The Chilean Navy defeats the Peruvians | | | 1881 | Treaty of Bardo: Tunis becomes a French protectorate | | | 1885 | Battle of Batoche: French Canadians rebel against Canada | | | 1888 | Brazil abolishes slavery, the last western nation to do so | | | 1898 | US forces land at Cabañas & Punta Arbolitas, Cuba | | | 1898 | US Navy bombards San Juan, P.R. | | | 1917 | Tenth Battle of the Isonzo begins (to May 28) | | | 1926 | Umberto Nobile's airship 'Norge' flies over the North Pole | | | 1937 | George VI crowned King of England | | | 1940 | French occupy St Maarten, Netherlands West Indies | | | 1940 | Germans force a crossing of the Meuse River near Sedan | | | 1943 | Solomons: USN shells Vila and Munda, mines Kula Gulf | | | 1943 | Trident Conference: Roosevelt and Churchill plan strategy | | | 1945 | Okinawa: major Kamikaze attack, BB 'New Mexico' (BB-40) badly hit. | | | 1951 | The first H-Bomb test, Eniwetak Atoll | | | 1975 | US merchant ship 'Mayaguez' seized by Cambodian forces | | 13 | 535 | Accession of Agapetus I to the papacy (535-36), later canonized | | | 1110 | Crusaders capture Beirut amid great slaughter | | | 1307 | Battle of Ayr: Robert Bruce defeats Ralph de Monthermet | | | 1568 | Battle of Langside: the Earl of Moray defeats the Earl of Argyll | | | 1572 | Ugo Buoncampagni elected Pope as Gregory XIII (1572-1585) | | | 1774 | Maj. Gen. Thomas Gage, the new Royal Governor of Massachusetts, reviews the militia at the Long Wharf, in Boston, eleven months before Lexington | | | 1779 | War of the Bavarian Succession ends | | | 1846 | US declares war on Mexico, two months after fighting begins | | | 1861 | Britain declares neutrality in the American Civil War | | | 1865 | Battle of Palmito Ranch, Tx: Rebs win "the last battle" of the Civil War | | | 1908 | The Navy Nurse Corps is established | | | 1912 | Britain creates the Royal Flying Corps | | | 1921 | Benito Mussolini qualifies as a pilot. | | | 1925 | USS 'Ontario' (AT-13) establishes American sovereignty over Swain's Island, in the Central Pacific | | | 1940 | Churchill promises "blood, toil, tears, and sweat." | | | 1940 | Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands flees to England to avoid capture by the Germans | | | 1943 | Axis troops in Tunisia surrender, ending the African Campaign | | | 1943 | The Netherlands: German occupation forces confiscate all radios | | | 1943 | USN Bureau of Navigation becomes the Bureau of Naval Personnel | | | 1944 | U.S. DE sinks a Japanese submarine in the mid-Atlantic | | | 1945 | Kyushu: US carriers begin two day raid against Japanese airfields | | | 1946 | US sentences 58 Mauthausen concentration camp guards to death | | | 1964 | First nuclear-powered TG formed, 'Enterprise' (CVN-65), 'Long Beach' (CGN-9), and 'Bainbridge' (DLGN-25/CGN-25) | | | 1981 | Pope John Paul II wounded by assailant in St Peter's Square | | | 1985 | Philadelphia police bomb a house held by the radical group "Move", 11 die | | 14 | 756 | Battle of Cordoba: The Yemenites defeat the Quaisiti | | | 1004 | King of the Germans & later HRE Henry II is crowned King of Italy (1004-1024) at Pavia, sparking bloody rioting | | | 1314 | The Earl of Moray captures Edinburgh from the English | | | 1509 | Battle of Agnadello: the French defeat the Venetians | | | 1559 | Battle of Deoraj: Moghul Emperor Aurangzeb defeats Dara Shikon | | | 1639 | "The Trot of Turriff": Lt Col William Johnston, Sir George Ogilvy, & Sir John Gordon rout the Covenanters | | | 1643 | Louis XIV becomes King of France at 4 (1643-1715) | | | 1653 | The Massachusetts Council declares that one eighth of each militia company be available to march on one day's warning. | | | 1801 | Tripoli declares war on the US, initiating the First Tripoli War (1801-1805) | | | 1804 | Lewis & Clark Expedition sets out from St Louis | | | 1811 | Paraguay declares independence from Spain, then largely under French occupation | | | 1836 | Mexican President Santa Anna, a prisoner of the Texans, signs the Treaty of Velasco, conceding Texan independence. | | | 1836 | US authorizes the Wilkes Expedition to explore the South Seas | | | 1845 | USS 'Constitution' lands Marines at Danang, Indochina | | | 1856 | USS 'Supply' delivers 50 Turkish camels to the US Army at Indianola, Texas | | | 1859 | Napoleon III assumes command of Franco-Piedmontese forces at Genoa | | | 1860 | Battle of Calatafimini: "Here we make Italy, or we die!" - Garibaldi | | | 1863 | Battle of Jackson, MS | | | 1864 | Maj Arthur MacArthur assumes command of the 24th Wisc, at age 18 | | | 1889 | US 1859 screw sloop 'Brooklyn' is stricken from the Navy List | | | 1898 | US-Spanish naval skirmish outside Havana | | | 1932 | New York: thousands march in "We Want Beer!" demonstration | | | 1940 | Nazis bomb Rotterdam: rumor and propaganda inflate the number of deaths (c. 800) to 30,000, prompting The Netherlands to surrender | | | 1941 | Nazis arrest 3,600 Jews in Paris | | | 1942 | Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) formed | | | 1943 | Solomons: Japanese minesweepers clear Kula Gulf. | | | 1943 | Japanese submarine sinks Australian hospital ship 'Centaur' off Brisbane, 268 of 332 persons aboard die; wreck is found in 2009, with the Red Cross still prominent on her sides | | | 1944 | Merrill's Marauders in surprise attack on Japanese airport at Myitkyina. | | | 1945 | Kamikaze strikes USS 'Enterprise" (CV-6) | | | 1945 | US offensive on Okinawa, Sugar Loaf Hill captured | | | 1948 | Israel declares independence | | | 1955 | Warsaw Pact formed | | | 1974 | Symbionese Liberation Army shoots it out, 6 die | | | 1975 | US raids free Cambodian-held ship 'Mayaguez' with heavy losses | | 15 | -1479 | BC - Battle of Megiddo: Thutmose III defeats the King of Kadesh | | | 755 | Abd al-Rahman is proclaimed Emir of Cordoba (755-c. 788), institutes the Umayyad Caliphate | | | 1213 | King John surrenders England and Ireland to Pope Innocent III, who then grants them to him as fiefs of the papacy | | | 1266 | Battle of Chesterfield ends England's Second Barons' War | | | 1333 | Battle of Ferrara: League of Castebaldo defeats the Papal Army | | | 1464 | Battle of Hexham: the Marques of Montague's Yorkists beat the Duke of Somerset's Lancastrians | | | 1525 | Frankenhausen: German "Peasants' War" ends as nobles slaughter 5,000 | | | 1614 | Treaty of St. Menehould: ends 1st "League of Princes" rebellion against Louis XIII | | | 1682 | Revolt of the Streltsy at Moscow | | | 1718 | James Puckle receives a patent for a repeating firearm - the first "machine gun" | | | 1768 | Genoa cedes Corsica to France | | | 1796 | French troops occupy Milan | | | 1796 | Peace of Paris between the French Republic and the Kingdom of Sardinia | | | 1848 | King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies stages an absolutist coup | | | 1851 | Coronation of Rama IV as King of Thailand (1851-68) - Anna's friend | | | 1862 | Battle of Princeton Court House , WVa: Rebs win | | | 1862 | Ben Butler issues his famous "Woman Order," and proves every woman in New Orleans is a lady | | | 1864 | Battle of New Market, Virginia | | | 1867 | Battle of Queretero: The Mexican Republicans defeat the Imperialists, and capture the "Emperor" Maximilian von Hapsburg | | | 1882 | Tsar Alexander III bans Jews from living in rural areas | | | 1883 | Austro-German-Italian military convention | | | 1885 | Canadians arrest Louis Riel, insurgent leader | | | 1904 | Japanese BBs 'Hatsuse' & 'Yashima' mined & sunk off Port Arthur | | | 1916 | Austrians capture Asiago from the Italians | | | 1917 | Battle of the Otranto Straits: An Austro-German squadron fails to break the Italo-Anglo-French blockade of the Adriatic | | | 1919 | Greeks capture Smyrna, initiating an ultimately disastrous attempt to annex western Anatolia | | | 1939 | Dupont introduces nylon; within a year Japanese sales of silk to the US fall 30 percent | | | 1940 | First successful test flight of an American helicopter, Vought-Sikorsky US-300 | | | 1940 | German troops occupy Amsterdam as the Dutch Army surrenders | | | 1941 | British attack Halfaya Pass & Fort Capuzzo in Egypt & Libya | | | 1942 | Gasoline rationing introduced by the US | | | 1943 | Cuban Lt. Mario Ramirez Delgado's sub chaser 'CS-13' gets 'U-176'. | | | 1944 | Eisenhower & Montgomery brief George VI & Churchill on the D-Day plan | | | 1945 | Andamans: Royal Navy raids Japanese installations | | | 1948 | Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, & Saudi-Arabia attack Israel | | | 1955 | Vienna Four-Power Treaty: Wartime allies restore Austria independence | | | 1957 | First British A-bomb explosion, Christmas Island, the Pacific | | | 1958 | USSR launches Sputnik III | | | 1960 | Sputnik IV launched into Earth orbit | | | 1972 | George Wallace shot & paralyzed by Arthur Bremer, Laurel, Md | | | 1972 | Ryukyu Is return to Japan after 27 years of US control | | 16 | 0 | Feast of St. Brendan, Patron of Sailors | | | 1152 | King Henry II of England (age 19) weds Eleanor of Aquitaine (30), former Queen of France | | | 1204 | Coronation of Count Baldwin of Flanders as the first Latin Emperor of Constantinople (1204-1205) | | | 1364 | Battle of Cocherel: The French defeat the Navarrese | | | 1412 | Giancarlo Visconti becomes Duke of Milan (May 15-June 12, 1412), by murder | | | 1527 | The Medici again expelled from Florence and a Republic established (to 1530) | | | 1605 | Camillo Borghese elected Pope as Paul V (1506-1621) | | | 1648 | Battle of Zólty Wody: Bohdan Chmielricki's Cossacks defeat John Casimir's Poles | | | 1703 | Tsar Peter the Great founds St. Petersburg [OS] | | | 1770 | Prince Louis [XVI] of France (age 16) weds Archduchess Marie Antoinette of Austria (14) | | | 1777 | Button Gwinnet, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, mortally wounded in a duel, dies the 19th | | | 1796 | French Revolutionaries establish the puppet "Lombard Republic" in northern Italy | | | 1811 | Battle of La Albuera: The Anglo-Portuguese defeat the French | | | 1820 | USS Congress becomes the first American warship to visit China | | | 1837 | The British Legion in the service of the Spanish Crown liberates Irun from the Carlists | | | 1846 | Battle of Campeche: the Texas Navy defeats the Mexican fleet, | | | 1849 | Battle of Velletri: The Garibaldini defeat the Neapolitans | | | 1861 | Kentucky proclaims its neutrality in the Civil War | | | 1863 | Vicksburg Campaign: Battle of Champion's Hill | | | 1919 | USN flying boats begin trans-Atlantic flight (see 25th) | | | 1920 | Canonization of Joan of Arc | | | 1929 | "Wings" wins the first Oscar for best picture | | | 1934 | Liner RMS 'Olympic' rams the Nantucket lightship, 7 Coastguardsmen die | | | 1941 | Amba Alagi: the Duke of Aosta surrenders the last Italian troops in Ethiopia to the British | | | 1942 | Indian Nationalists demand "U.S. Quit India" as American troops arrive to fight the Japanese | | | 1943 | German troops destroy the main synagogue of Warsaw | | | 1944 | German military police attack gypsies in the Netherlands | | | 1944 | Siege of Kohima ends, as the last Japanese resistance is crushed. | | | 1975 | India invades and annexes Sikkim | | | 1986 | "Top Gun" premieres | | | 1992 | Space Shuttle 'Endeavor' safely completes its maiden voyage | | 17 | 352 | Accession of Pope Liberius (352-366) | | | 884 | Election of Pope Adrian III (884-885), later canonized | | | 1102 | Second Battle of Ramalah: Crusaders defeat the Fatimids | | | 1198 | Frederick II von Hohenstaufen, age 4, crowned King of Sicily (1198-1150) | | | 1540 | Battle of Kanauj: The Afghans defeat the Moghuls | | | 1648 | Battle of Zusmarshausen: Swedes defeat the Imperialists | | | 1742 | Battle of Chotusitz: Prussians defeat the Austrians | | | 1756 | Seven Years' War: Britain declares war on France | | | 1794 | Battle of Tourcoing, Day 1: French v. Austro-English (ends 18th) | | | 1797 | Royal Navy's Sptihead "Mutiny" ends peacefully (from April 16) | | | 1809 | Napoleon annexes the Papal States to his Empire | | | 1814 | Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden | | | 1849 | Great Fire of St. Louis | | | 1863 | Battle of Big Black River Bridge: Grant begins sealing off Vicksburg | | | 1864 | Battle of Adairsville, Ga: Union forces Confederate retreat | | | 1876 | Rosebud Campaign: Custer & the 7th Cavalry leave Fort Lincoln | | | 1890 | Havana: Magazine explosion, 34 die, c. 100 injured | | | 1900 | The Boers besiege Mafeking | | | 1905 | Norway declares independence from Sweden | | | 1938 | Douglas "Wrong Way" Corrigan lands in Dublin rather than California | | | 1940 | Germans capture Brussels | | | 1942 | Japanese sub 'I-28' sunk by 'Tautog' (USS-198). 'I-164' by 'Triton' (SS-201) | | | 1944 | Burma: Merrill's Marauders take Myitkina airfield in a coup de main. | | | 1944 | Royal Navy raids Surabaya, Java | | | 1944 | Surabaya: American heavy bombers stage nocturnal raid | | | 1945 | Last naval battle of WW II: Jap. CA 'Haguro' sunk by Br DDs, Malacca Str. | | | 1974 | Protestant Ulster "Unionist" terrorists detonate four bombs in the Irish Republic, 33 die, including children. | | | 1980 | Race riot in Miami, 16 killed, c. 300 injured | | | 1987 | USS 'Stark' (FFG-31) hit by Iraqi missiles, 37 sailors die | | | 2006 | USS 'Oriskany' (CV-34) is sunk as a reef in the Gulf of Mexico | | 18 | 1012 | A reluctant Theophylact of Tusculum is elected Pope as Benedict VIII (1012-1024) | | | 1096 | Crusaders massacre the Jews of Worms, Germany | | | 1291 | The Mamlukes capture Acre, ending the Kingdom of Jerusalem | | | 1411 | Papal-Angevin force defeats the Neapolitans at Roccasecca, near Cassino | | | 1452 | Battle of Brechin: The Earl of Huntly defeats the Earl of Crawford | | | 1565 | The Turks land on Malta and commence a siege (fails Sept 11) | | | 1748 | Treaty of Abo: England brokers a peace between Russia and Sweden | | | 1765 | Great Fire of Montreal destroys a quarter of the town | | | 1769 | Lorenzo Ganganelli elected Pope as Clement XIV (1769-1774) | | | 1775 | The first USS 'Enterprise' enters service, a prize taken by Benedict Arnold on Lake Champlain | | | 1794 | Battle of Tourcoing, Day 2: French defeat the Austro-English | | | 1798 | Benjamin Stoddert becomes the first Secretary of the Navy | | | 1804 | French Senate promotes Napoleon to Emperor | | | 1828 | Battle of Las Piedras: Uruguay secures independence from Brazil | | | 1846 | Mexican War: American troops capture Matamoros | | | 1861 | Battle of Sewall's Point, VA | | | 1863 | Siege of Vicksburg begins (to July 4) | | | 1864 | Battle of Yellow Bayou/Bayou de Glaize/Old Oaks, La | | | 1864 | Great Gold Hoax: Attempted manipulation of the US price of gold | | | 1898 | US ships exchange fire with Spanish batteries at Santiago, Cuba | | | 1911 | Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz flees to Paris, with gold and mistresses | | | 1917 | Congress passes the Selective Service Act | | | 1922 | Sydney and Violet Schiff hold a dinner at the Hotel Majestic in Paris for Marcel Proust, James Joyce, Pablo Picasso, and Sergei Diaghilev to honor Igor Stravinsky and his new ballet | | | 1935 | Giant Soviet airplane 'Maxim Gorky' crashes, with heavy loss of life | | | 1944 | Japanese and Chinese forces engage in street fighting in Loyang. | | | 1944 | Polish II Corps storms Monte Cassino | | | 1945 | Chinese troops liberate the port of Foochow | | | 1951 | US General J. Lawton Collins predicts use of atom bomb in Korea | | | 1969 | Apollo 10 (Stafford/Cernan/Young) launched to a lunar orbit | | | 1974 | India becomes the sixth nation to detonate an atomic bomb | | 19 | 715 | Accession of Pope Gregory II (715-731), later canonized | | | 1579 | Peace of Arras: Reconciliation of the Southern Netherlands to Philip II of Spain | | | 1588 | Spanish Armada sets sail from Cadiz for Lisbon | | | 1639 | Battle of Thionville: Imperialists defeat the French | | | 1643 | Battle of Rocroi/Allersheim: Decisive French victory over the Spanish - "You have only to count the prisoners and the dead." | | | 1649 | Parliament declares England a Commonwealth (Republic) | | | 1652 | Spanish capture Gravelines | | | 1793 | Dutch capture St Maarten from France | | | 1796 | Battle of Lodi: Bonaparte's French defeat the Austrians | | | 1802 | First Consul Bonaparte institutes the Legion of Honor | | | 1822 | Gen Agustin Iturbide is proclaimed Emperor Agustin I of Mexico (May 19, 1822-March 19, 1823) | | | 1849 | Battle of Velletri: Neapolitans beat off Garibaldi's Roman troops | | | 1864 | Battle of Spotsylvania ends | | | 1876 | White racists attack the Seminole Indian Scout encampment at Ft Clark, Texas, killing Scout Titus Payne and wounding Chief John Horse, c. 90. | | | 1929 | General Feng Yu-Xiang declares war on Chinese government | | | 1931 | "Pocket Battleship" 'Deutschland' launched in Germany | | | 1934 | Military coup in Bulgaria by Col. Damian Veltsjev | | | 1940 | Charles De Gaulle's 4th Arm Div counterattacks the Germanbs at Péronne | | | 1943 | Nazis declare Berlin is "Judenrien - Free of Jews" | | | 1943 | Winston Churchill addresses Congress for the second time | | | 1944 | US 88th Inf Div liberates Itri | | | 1944 | US troops overrun most of Wakde, New Guinea, & begin repairing the airfield. | | | 1949 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for General Lucius D. Clay | | | 1951 | UN begins counter offensive in Korea | | | 1958 | NORAD is formed | | | 1960 | USAF Maj Robert M White takes X-15 to 33,222 m | | | 1964 | Over 40 "bugs" found in the U.S. embassy in Moscow | | | 1967 | US bombs Hanoi | | | 1997 | USS 'The Sullivans' (DDG-68) commissioned in New York | | 20 | 685 | Battle of Nechtansmere/Dunnichen Moss: King Bruide of the Picts defeats King Ecgfrith of Northumbria | | | 1217 | Battle of Lincoln: Earl of Pembroke defeats the French | | | 1347 | With papal help, Cola di Rienzo stages a coup against the barons at Rome and declares himself Tribune of a new "Roman Republic" (to Dec 15th) | | | 1495 | Charles VIII of France leaves Naples for home, having initiated a 65 year-long war with Spain | | | 1498 | Vasco da Gama reaches Calicut, India | | | 1520 | Battle of Vera Cruz: Cortes defeats Panfilo de Narvaez, agent of the Governor of Cuba | | | 1521 | Battle of Pamplona: The French oust the Spanish, wounding Ignatius Loyola in the process | | | 1571 | Pope Pius V organizes the Holy League with Venice and Spain, to fight the Turks | | | 1591 | The Dutch capture Zutphen from the Spanish | | | 1635 | Battle of Avein: French defeat the Spanish | | | 1741 | Lord Vernon's British expedition retreats from Cartagena de las Indias | | | 1796 | Battle of Borghetto: The French defeat the Austrians | | | 1825 | Charles X becomes King of France (1825-1830) | | | 1848 | First Battle of Vicenza: Austrians defeat Veneto-Papal forces | | | 1859 | Battle of Montebello: Franco-Piedmontese defeat the Austrians | | | 1902 | US military occupation of Cuba (since June of 1898) ends | | | 1912 | Battlecruiser SMS 'Moltke' reaches Hampton Roads, on the only visit to the US by a German capital ship | | | 1930 | Pres. Hoover reviews the US Fleet off the Virginia Capes | | | 1932 | Engelbert Dollfuss becomes chancellor of Austria | | | 1936 | Neptunus Rex inducts 29,751 USN polliwogs into the Order of Shellbacks, and personally decorates CNCUS Joseph M. Reeves | | | 1938 | Chinese Air Force Martin 139s conduct leafleting raids over Nagasaki and Sasebo | | | 1940 | German tanks reach the Channel | | | 1941 | Max Schmeling and thousands of other German paratroopers invade Crete | | | 1942 | Japanese submarine-borne aircraft reconnoiter Durban, South Africa | | | 1944 | US Army Engineers blow up the remnants of the Nofi residence, Itri | | | 1970 | NYC: 100,000 march to support US policies in Vietnam | | | 1971 | Pentagon reports blacks constitute 11% of US soldiers in SE Asia | | 21 | 0 | Armed Forces Day - US | | | 1077 | Canossa: HRE Henry IV begs forgiveness from Pope Gregory VII | | | 1420 | Treaty of Troyes: Charles VI of France recognizes Henry V of England as his heir, and gives him his daughter Catherine to wed | | | 1421 | Murad II becomes Sultan of the Turks (1421-1451) | | | 1438 | The Bentivoglio capture Bologna in a coup | | | 1511 | Battle of Casalecchio: French defeat the Papal Army | | | 1522 | Adrian Florisz Boeyens elected Pope as Adrian VI (1522-23) | | | 1674 | John Sobieski is elected King of Poland-Lithuania (1674-1796) | | | 1856 | Lawrence, Kansas captured & sacked by pro-slavery forces | | | 1861 | Richmond, Va, is designated the Confederate Capital | | | 1863 | Union Siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana, begins | | | 1864 | US Maj Gen David Hunter takes command of Dept of West Virginia | | | 1871 | French troops attack the Commune of Paris; 17,000 reportedly die in a week | | | 1879 | Naval Battle of Iquique: Peru loses an ironclad, Chile a gunboat. | | | 1881 | Clara Barton founds the American Red Cross | | | 1917 | Leo Pinckney is the first American drafted during WW I | | | 1941 | SS 'Robin Moore' is sunk off Brazil, first U-boat kill of an American ship in WW II | | | 1942 | Philippines: Japanese troops occupy Samar and Leyte | | | 1943 | China: Japanese open a new offensive across the Yangtze River | | | 1944 | Pearl Harbor: ammo-laden LST blows up, 6 LSTs lost, c. 200 die | | | 1944 | Wadke, New Guinea: Japanese crushed, c. 750 dead to 43 US | | | 1956 | US explodes the first airdropped hydrogen bomb, Bikini Atoll | | | 1964 | US begins intelligence flights above Laos | | | 1968 | USS 'Scorpion' (SSN-589) sinks off Azores, 99 die | | | 1991 | Marxist dictator of Ethiopia Mengistu Haile Mariam resigns | | 22 | -415 | BC - Descration of the Herms at Athens [Alt] | | | -334 | BC - Battle of the Granicus: Alexadner defeats the Persians [Alt] | | | 0 | National Maritime Day | | | 871 | Battle of Basing: The Danes defeat Ethelred "the Unrede" of Wessex | | | 1176 | Attempted assassination of Saladin at Aleppo | | | 1200 | Treaty of Le Goulet: between King John of England and Philip of France | | | 1276 | Pierre de Tarantaise elected Pope as Innocent V, later beatified (Jan 21-June 22, 1276) | | | 1370 | Jews are expelled from Brussels | | | 1371 | Coronation of King Robert II Stuart of Scots (1371-1390) | | | 1455 | First Battle of St. Albans: The Yorkists defeat the Lancastrians | | | 1499 | Battle of Calven Gorge: The Swiss defeat the Hapsburgs | | | 1511 | The French capture Bologna | | | 1526 | War of the League of Cognac: Francis I breaks his word & resumes war against Spain for control of Italy, helped by the Pope & England | | | 1760 | Battle of Wandewash, India: British defeat the French | | | 1771 | Spain cedes the Falkland Islands to Britain | | | 1790 | Russians blockade the Swedish fleet in Viborg harbor (Swedes break out July 3) | | | 1794 | Battle of Tournai: Austro-Dutch defeat the French | | | 1809 | Battle of Aspern-Essling, Day 1: Napoleon v. the Austrians | | | 1848 | Battle of the Ponte di Caffaro: Italian Nationalists defeat the Austrians | | | 1848 | Second Battle of Vicenza: Veneto-Papal forces defeat the Austrians | | | 1856 | Slavocrat Rep. Preston Brooks brutally beats Sen. Charles Sumner in the Senate | | | 1872 | U.S. Grant signs the Amnesty Act, restoring full civil rights to most former Confederates | | | 1890 | José Marti forms nationalist La Liga Cubana organization, NY | | | 1915 | Gretna, Scotland: Local train collides with trooper, 226 die | | | 1941 | British troops take Baghdad, deposing pro-Nazi Iraqi regime | | | 1942 | Mexico declares war on Nazi Germany and Japan | | | 1943 | Stalin disbands the Comintern | | | 1947 | "Truman Doctrine" goes into effect, aiding Turkey & Greece | | | 1959 | Benjamin O Davis Jr. (USMA '36) becomes the first black major general | | | 1962 | Robert A Rushworth, USAF major, takes X-15 to 30,600m | | | 1967 | Egyptian president Nasser closes Straits of Tiran to Israel | | | 1969 | Stafford & Cernan pilot Apollo 10 LEM 9.4 mi (15km) above lunar surface | | | 1970 | Arab terrorist attacks school bus in Israel; 9 children, 3 adults die | | | 1985 | US sailor Michael L Walker arrested for spying for USSR | | | 1992 | India launches its Agni rocket | | 23 | 0 | Roman Festival of the Tubilustrium: Purification of the War Trumpets | | | 878 | Alfred the Great defeats the Danes at Edington, imposing peace | | | 1430 | Burgundians capture Joan of Arc, for the English | | | 1475 | Battle of Neuss: The Burgundians defeat the Imperialists | | | 1493 | Peace of Senlis: The Holy Roman Emperor & the King of France arrange disposal of the territories of the Duchy of Burgundy | | | 1533 | King Henry VIII invalidates his marriage to Catherine of Aragon | | | 1555 | Giovanni Pietro Caraffa elected Pope as Paul IV (1555-1559) | | | 1579 | Union of Utrecht: Protestant provinces of the Netherlands form the Dutch Republic | | | 1618 | The Second Defenestration of Prague: initiates the Thirty Years' War | | | 1660 | King Charles II returns to England from exile in the Netherlands | | | 1706 | Battle of Ramillies: Marlborough defeats French | | | 1775 | Patrick Henry says "Give me Liberty or give me death!" | | | 1809 | Battle of Aspern-Essling, Day 2: Austrians draw with Napoleon | | | 1859 | Garibaldi's 'Cacciatori delle Alpi' occupy Sesto Calende & Varese | | | 1861 | White Virginian men vote 3 to 1 for secession - a month after the state has already seceded | | | 1862 | Valley Campaign: Stonewall Jackson takes Front Royal, Virginia | | | 1864 | Battle of North Anna River/Totopotamy River/Haw's Shop/Hanovertown, Va | | | 1864 | Battle of North Anna, Va, 1st of 3 days of fighting | | | 1865 | Grand Review of the Union Army begins in Washington, DC | | | 1873 | Canada establishes the North West Mounted Police | | | 1878 | German ironclad Konig Wilhelm rams & sinks ironclad Grosser Kurfurst | | | 1911 | The New York Public Library opens its main building, on Fifth Avenue | | | 1915 | Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary | | | 1928 | Bomb attack on Italian embassy in Buenos Aires, 22 die | | | 1939 | Britain's George Cross presented for the first time | | | 1939 | USS 'Squalus" (SS-192) sinks off Portsmouth, NH; 26 die, 33 rescued next day | | | 1945 | German island of Helgoland in North Sea surrenders to the Royal Nayv | | | 1945 | The Allies dissolve the "Dönitz Government," and abolish German sovereignty | | | 1958 | Mao Tse-tung starts "the Great Leap Forward" in China, millions die | | | 1960 | Israel announces capture of Nazi Adolf Eichmann in Argentina | | 24 | 1086 | Abbott Desiderius of Monte Cassino becomes Pope - Bl Victor III (1086-1087) | | | 1153 | Malcolm IV becomes King of Scotland (1153-1165) | | | 1370 | Peace treaty between the Hanseatic League and Denmark | | | 1487 | The Pseudo-Edward VI (Lambert Simnel) crowned King of England, in Ireland | | | 1568 | Battle of Groningen: Dutch defeat the Spanish | | | 1658 | Battle of the Dunes: Anglo-French troops defeat the Spanish near Dunkirk | | | 1689 | Parliament guarantees freedom of religion, for Protestants | | | 1764 | James Otis coins the phrase "no taxation without representation." | | | 1818 | Andrew Jackson captures Pensacola from the Spanish | | | 1822 | Battle of Pichincha: Bolivar secures independence of Peru | | | 1846 | Mexican War: Zachary Taylor captures Monterey | | | 1861 | Alexandria, VA, occupied by Federal troops | | | 1861 | Benjamin Butler declares fugitive slaves Frank Baker, Shepard Mallory, & James Townsend "contraband of war" | | | 1871 | The Paris Commune begins massacre of Catholic clergy | | | 1877 | The Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) meets Lillie Langtry | | | 1883 | The Brooklyn Bridge opens | | | 1900 | Britain annexes Orange Free State | | | 1915 | Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary | | | 1916 | Britain introduces conscription | | | 1916 | Germans capture Ft. Douaumont, Verdun, from the French | | | 1921 | British Legion formed by World War I veterans | | | 1930 | Amy Johnson becomes the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia | | | 1939 | The McCann Rescue Chamber is used to save 33 from the sunken Squalus (SS-192) | | | 1941 | Battle of the Denmark Straits: the 'Bismarck' sinks HMS 'Hood', 1,416 killed - only 3 survivors | | | 1941 | Italian troop transport 'Conte Rosso' torpedoed by HM Submarine 'Upholder' in the Central Mediterranean, c. 1,200 die -- among the heaviest losses of life at sea during WW II | | | 1944 | Enver Hoxha becomes head of Albanian anti-fascist movement | | | 1944 | US carrier aircraft raid Wake Island. | | | 1958 | Pres Batista opens offensive against Fidel Castro's rebels | | | 1959 | Pleasant Hills, Pa: first home with built-in bomb shelter exhibited | | | 1962 | Scott Carpenter goes into earth orbit aboard 'Aurora 7' | | | 1980 | Iran rejects a call by World Court to release US hostages | | | 1989 | French war criminal Paul Touvier arrested in a monastery in Nice | | 25 | -585 | BC - Solar eclipse predicted by Thales interrupts a battle between King Cyaxerxes of Media and King Alyattes of Lydia [or the 28th] | | | 451 | Battle of Avarayr: Armenians are defeated by the Persians | | | 1085 | Alfonso VI of Castille liberates Toledo from the Moors | | | 1241 | Rioters attack the Jews of Frankfort-on-the-Main | | | 1571 | Stephen Bathory is elected Prince of Transylvania (1571-75) | | | 1626 | Battle of Dessau: Imperialists defeat the Protestants | | | 1632 | Albrecht von Wallenstein's Imperial troops recapture Prague from the Saxons | | | 1784 | Marshal Mnizzek expels the Jews from Warsaw | | | 1787 | The Constitutional Convention opens in Philadelphia | | | 1810 | Argentina declares independence from Spain, largely under French ocucpation | | | 1836 | Attempted assassination of King Louis Philippe of France | | | 1862 | Battle of Winchester, VA | | | 1864 | Battle of New Hope Church, GA | | | 1865 | Magazine explosion in Mobile, c. 300 die | | | 1870 | Fenians raid Eccles Hill, Québec, from the US | | | 1878 | Gilbert & Sullivan's "HMS Pinafore" premieres in London | | | 1919 | Navy NC-4 flying boat completes Atlantic flight to Portugal (from 16th) | | | 1925 | Scopes "Monkey Trial" begins, Dayton, Tennessee | | | 1940 | German troops reach the Channel near Boulogne | | | 1949 | Chinese Red army occupies Shanghai | | | 1953 | First, and only, live test firing of the "Atomic Cannon," Nevada | | | 1961 | JFK pledges the US will put a man on the moon by 1970 | | | 1961 | NASA pilot Joseph A Walker takes 'X-15' to 32,770 m | | | 1979 | Israel pulls out of Sinai, implementing peace with Egypt | | | 1991 | Israel completes rescue of 14,000 Ethiopian Jews | | 26 | 0 | Feast of St. Augustine of Hippo | | | 17 | Triumph of Germanicus for his victories in Germany | | | 107 | Triumph of Trajan for his conquest of Dacia | | | 946 | Edred succeeds his brother Edmund I as King of England (946-955) | | | 1249 | Battle of Fossalta: The Bolognese capture Enzio, son of HRE Frederick II, and lock him up for 25 years | | | 1402 | Battle of Casalecchio: the Visconti defeat the Bentivogli of Bologna | | | 1532 | France, Bavaria, Saxony, & Hesse form an alliance against Ferdinand of Hapsburg | | | 1538 | John Calvin is expelled from Geneva | | | 1642 | Battle of Honnecourt: Spanish defeat the French | | | 1647 | Massachusetts bars Catholic priests, on penalty of death | | | 1694 | Battle of Ter: The Spanish defeat the French | | | 1736 | Battle of Ackia, La: British & Chickasaw defeat French | | | 1789 | The Duke of York, Colonel of the Coldstream Guards, refuses to return fire though slightly wounded in a duel with LtCol Charles Lenox, of the same regiment | | | 1805 | Napoleon crowns himself King of Italy | | | 1824 | Mexico's Constituent Congress declares Chiapas free to choose its own future | | | 1861 | Union begins blockade of Confederate Gulf ports | | | 1864 | Battle of Dallas, GA | | | 1896 | Coronation of Tsar Nicholas II, deposed 1917, shot 1918 | | | 1905 | Pogrom against Jews in Minsk, Belorussia | | | 1922 | Lenin suffers a stroke, which unfortunately isn't fatal | | | 1938 | House Un-American Activities Comm begins investigating fascistic groups | | | 1940 | The Crown detains British Fascist Oswald Moseley | | | 1941 | HMS 'Ark Royal' a/c damage battleship 'Bismarck' | | | 1941 | Netherlands: Germans begin conscripting young men for labor | | | 1942 | Belgium: Nazis require Jews to wear a Star of David | | | 1942 | North Africa: Rommel attacks the Gazala Line. | | | 1945 | Chinese reoccupy Nanning, cut off 200,000 Japanese troops in Indochina | | | 1945 | US fire bomb raid on Tokyo | | | 1946 | US Patent filed for the H-Bomb | | | 1954 | Explosion & fire in 'Bennington" (CV-co), 103 die, over 200 injured | | | 1961 | USAF bomber flies Atlantic in a record of just over three hours | | | 1972 | US-USSR sign SALT I (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty) | | | 1981 | USMC jet crashes on flight deck of USS 'Nimitz' (CVN-68), 14 die | | 27 | 0 | Japan's Imperial Navy Day | | | 1607 | Battle of Jamestown: English settlers repulse an attack by c. 200 Indians | | | 1813 | Col. Winfield Scott captures Ft George, Canada | | | 1832 | Egyptians capture Acre, Palestine, from the Turks | | | 1859 | Battle of San Fermo: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians | | | 1860 | The Garibaldini capture Palermo | | | 1862 | Battle of Hanover Court House/Slash Church/Peake's Station, Va. | | | 1863 | Boiler explosion aboard the CSS 'Chattahoochee', on the Chattahoochee River, 18 die | | | 1905 | Battle of Tsu-Shima Strait: Japanese Fleet destroys the Russian Fleet | | | 1918 | Battle of the Aisne: Allies begin pressing back Germans | | | 1927 | Japan intervenes in the Chinese Civil War | | | 1936 | RMS 'Queen Mary' begins her maiden voyage, Southampton-New York | | | 1940 | Operation Dynamo: Dunkirk Evacuation begins, as German troops massacre 97 men of the Royal Norfolk Regiment | | | 1941 | FDR proclaims an "unlimited national emergency" | | | 1941 | The Royal Navy sinks the 'Bismarck' | | | 1944 | Allied landing on Biak, off New Guinea | | | 1952 | Formation of the European Defense Community | | | 1966 | French aerobatic fighters collide over Spain, 6 die | | | 1993 | Florence: Uffizi Gallery bombed, 5 dead, 24 injured, much art lost | | 28 | -585 | BC - Solar eclipse predicted by Thales interrupts a battle between King Cyaxerxes of Media and King Alyattes of Lydia [or the 25th] | | | 0 | Feast of St. Bernard, Patron of Travelers | | | 640 | Consecration of Pope Severinus, though elected in 638, d. Aug 2, 640 | | | 861 | The Vikings burn Paris | | | 1156 | Naval Battle of Brindisi: William II's Norman-Sicilians defeat the Byzantines | | | 1349 | Anti-Semitic outbreak at Breslau, 60 die | | | 1358 | Saint-Leu begins the "Jacquerie" French peasant uprising | | | 1731 | Papal States orders confiscation of all Hebrew books | | | 1754 | Battle of Jumonville Glen: George Washington's small band of militiamen and Indians defeat the French and Indians near Ft Duquesne, but his Indian allies kill several prisoners | | | 1774 | First Continental Congress convenes | | | 1813 | Second Battle of Sackett's Harbor: Americans defeat a British attack from across Lake Onario | | | 1813 | USS 'Essex' and prize capture 5 British whalers in the Pacific | | | 1830 | Congress authorizes Indian removal from the Eastern states | | | 1849 | Spanish troops land at Gaeta, to fight the Roman Republic | | | 1900 | Britain annexes the Orange Free State | | | 1910 | Austrian Army Lt. Adolf Hofrichter gets ten years for using poison to speed up promotions | | | 1917 | Tenth Battle of the Isonzo ends (from May 12) | | | 1926 | Portugal: Military coup by Gen Manuel Gomes da Costa | | | 1937 | Neville Chamberlain becomes PM of Great Britain, to May 1940 | | | 1940 | King Leopold III surrenders Belgium to the Germans | | | 1940 | Norway: Anglo-French forces capture Narvik | | | 1945 | Okinawa: c. 100 kamikaze raid Allied fleet, one U.S. DD sunk | | | 1954 | USAF Maj. Arthur Murray takes the Bell 'X-1A' to 90,440 feet | | | 1961 | The American Republican Army (membership 2) blows up communications facilities in Nevada and Utah. | | | 1967 | Sir Francis Chichester completes the first non-stop circumnavigation of the globe, at Plymouth | | | 1971 | USSR 'Mars 3' launched, first spacecraft to make a soft landing on Mars | | | 1974 | Neo-Fascist terror bombing in Brescia, 6 die | | | 1980 | First 55 women graduate from the U.S. Naval Academy | | | 1987 | German Mathias Rust, 19, lands a light plane in Red Square | | | 1991 | Ethiopian rebels seize Addis Ababa | | 29 | 363 | Battle of Ctesiphon: Emperor Julian defeats Shah Shapur II, but fails to take the city | | | 757 | Accession of Pope Paul I (757-67), later canonized | | | 1108 | Battle of Ucles: The Almoravids defeat the Castillians | | | 1167 | Battle of Monteporzio: Imperialists defeat the Romans | | | 1176 | Battle of Legnano: Lombards defeat Frederick Barbarossa | | | 1217 | Vlerdingen, the Netherlands: 1st contingent of the Fifth Crusade sets out | | | 1405 | Battle of Skipton Moor: Henry IV defeats Archbishop Richard Scrope of York | | | 1416 | Battle of Gallipoli: Venetian fleet annihilates the Turkish fleet | | | 1453 | Byzantine Empire falls: Sultan Mehemet II captures Constantinople amid great slaughter | | | 1652 | Battle of Godwin Sands: Blake's English fleet defeats Tromp's Dutch off Dover | | | 1660 | The Restoration: Charles II ascends the English throne | | | 1724 | Pietro Francesco Orsini elected Pope as Benedict XIII (1724-1730) | | | 1781 | US frigate 'Alliance' captures HMSs 'Atalanta' & 'Trepassy' off Nova Scotia | | | 1848 | Battles of Curtatone & Montanara: Tuscans & Neapolitans defeat the Austrians | | | 1859 | Garibaldi liberates Como from the Austrians | | | 1864 | Archduke Maximilian of Austria arrives in Mexico to become Emperor | | | 1877 | HMS 'Shah' captures mutinous Peruvian ironclad 'Huascar'; first use of mobile torpedo in combat, a miss | | | 1899 | Iosip Dzhugashvili is expelled from the Orthodox Seminary at Tiblisi, for failure to take exams; later adopts the name Stalin. | | | 1905 | Pogrom in Brisk, Lithuania | | | 1914 | SS 'Empress of Ireland', rammed, sinks in the St Lawrence, 1024 die | | | 1940 | Arthur Seyss-Inquart made Reichscommissar of The Hague, Netherlands | | | 1943 | Attu: Japanese make a major "Banzai" attack | | | 1943 | US initiates meat and cheese rationing | | | 1944 | Biak: Unsuccessful Japanese tank assault on American troops. | | | 1945 | Okinawa: 1st Marine Division Captures Shuri Castle | | | 1957 | Algerian Rebels kill 336 "collaborators" | | | 1989 | Student protesters in China erect a replica of the Statue of Liberty | | | 1993 | Neo-Nazis kill five Turkish women in Solingen, Germany | | 30 | -17 | Augustus celebrates the Ludi Saeculares, 36-years belatedly commemorating Rome's 700th anniversary | | | 0 | Feast of St. Joan of Arc, Patron of France, of French and American Soldiers, and of Women in Military Service | | | 0 | Feast of St. Ferdinand III of Castille & Leon, Patron of Military Engineers | | | 47 | Emperor Claudius celebrates the Ludi Saeculares, commemorating Rome's 800th anniversary, reverting to the original chronology | | | 88 | Domitian celebrates the Ludi Saeculares, commemorating Rome's 900th annivesary, (out of sync with any other calculation) | | | 148 | Emperor Antoninus Pius celebrates the Ludi Saeculares, commemorating Rome's 900th anniversary, using the original chronology | | | 204 | Septimius Severus celebrates the Ludi Saeculares, commemorating Rome's 900th anniversary (out of sync with any other calculation) | | | 248 | Emperor Philip the Arabian celebrates the Ludi Saeculares, commemorating Rome's 1000th anniversary, using the original chronology - last celebration of the festival | | | 542 | Battle of Badon: Arthur vs. Modred | | | 1035 | Baldwin V becomes Count of Flanders | | | 1213 | English raid Damme, on the Zwyn Estuary in Flanders, burning French ships | | | 1434 | Battle of Lapin: Hussite Ultras defeated by Borek of Miletinek | | | 1522 | Popular uprising expels the French from Genoa | | | 1559 | Battle of Konia: Prince Selim of Turkey defeats his half-brother Bayazid | | | 1574 | Henry III succeeds to the throne of France | | | 1588 | The Spanish Armada sails from Lisbon for the Netherlands | | | 1635 | Treaty of Prague: unsuccessful effort at ending the Thirty Years War. | | | 1808 | Napoleon annexes Tuscany to his empire | | | 1814 | First Treaty of Paris ending the Napoleonic Wars, following Bonaparte's first abdication | | | 1814 | US gunboats capture 3 British ones on Lake Ontario | | | 1822 | Denmark Vesey's slave conspiracy betrayed, 37 blacks slain | | | 1842 | Assassination attempt on Queen Victoria | | | 1848 | Battle of Goito: Piedmontese defeat the Austrians | | | 1849 | Battle of Palestro: Austrians defeat Sardinians by the 31st | | | 1849 | Battle of San Pancrazio: Garibaldi defeats the French near Rome | | | 1854 | Battle of Cienquilla: Apache ambush the 1st Dragoons, 22 die. | | | 1861 | CS Post Office Department set up, as US PO ceases deliveries in the South | | | 1864 | Battle of Bethesda Church, Va. | | | 1867 | Frédéric Passy & Henri Dunant form the 'Ligue internationale et permanente de la Paix', at Geneva. | | | 1868 | The first "Decoration Day", designated by GAR Commander-in-Chief Maj Gen John Logan | | | 1913 | Treaty of London ends the First Balkan War | | | 1913 | Treaty of London: Ends the First Balkan War, with massive Turkish territorial losses in Europe | | | 1915 | Turkish government orders deportation of Armenians | | | 1916 | Battle of Jutland: Grand Fleet sails, 37 BBs, 120 other ships | | | 1937 | Chicago police fire on union marchers at Republic Steel, 10 die | | | 1941 | The Luftwaffe bombs Dublin. | | | 1942 | Diego Suarez: Japanese mini-sub torpedoes British BB 'Ramilles' & a tanker | | | 1942 | First Allied air raid on Cologne | | | 1943 | US troops complete recapture of Attu | | | 1958 | Unknown soldiers of WWII & Korean War entombed in Arlington National Cemetery | | | 1962 | Premiere of Sir Benjamin Britten's "War Requiem", London | | | 1962 | USS 'Arizona' Memorial dedicated in Pearl Harbor | | | 1966 | 300 US airplanes bomb North Vietnam | | | 1967 | Biafra secedes from Nigeria, initiating a bloody civil war | | | 1972 | Japanese terrorists kill 24, wound 72 at Tel Aviv's Lod Airport | | | 1982 | Spain becomes the 16th member of NATO | | 31 | 1020 | Lady Godiva allegedly does her thing | | | 1223 | Battle of Kalka: Subotai's Mongols defeat the Russians | | | 1257 | Battle of Pontargottn: the Welch defeat the English | | | 1859 | Battle of Palestro: Franco-Piedmontese defeat the Austrians | | | 1862 | Battle of Seven Pines/Fair Oaks, Va | | | 1866 | Fenians invade Ontario (c. 600) & Quebec (c. 1800) from the US | | | 1898 | Santiago: US ships and Spanish batteries exchange fire | | | 1900 | Boxer Rebellion: Multi-national relief forces reache Peking | | | 1902 | Treaty of Vereeniging: Boer War ends, Britain annexes Transvaal | | | 1906 | Madrid: Bomb kills 29, injures 90. | | | 1910 | Union of South Africa formed (See: 1961) | | | 1915 | Zeppelin 'LZ-38' makes an air raid on London | | | 1921 | Tulsa "Race Riot": scores - perhaps hundreds - of blacks slain | | | 1934 | From USS 'Indianapolis' (CA-35) FDR reviews the US Fleet as it enters NY harbor | | | 1937 | German ships bombard Almeria, Spain, retaliating for an air attack | | | 1942 | Japanese mini-sub causes panic in Sydney harbor, inflicting little damage. | | | 1947 | Communists seize power in Hungary | | | 1961 | Apartheidist South Africa declares itself a republic outside the British Commonwealth (See:1910) | | | 1974 | Israel & Syria sign an agreement on the Golan Heights |
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