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 News As History - October 11, 2008



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Born
1 1002 Pope St. Leo IX (1049-54)
  1637 Fr. Jacques Marquette, French explorer of North America;
  1780 Karl von Clausewitz
  1801 Brigham Young, Mormon leader
  1806 John B. Floyd, crooked SecWar, inept Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863
  1814 Philip Kearney, "The bravest man in the Union Army," kia 1862
  1815 Otto of Bavaria, first king of modern Greece (1832-1862), d. 1867
  1825 John Hunt Morgan, Brig Gen, C.S.A., noted irregular cavalryman
  1831 John Bell Hood, Gen, C.S.A., d. 1879
  1844 Galusha Pennypacker, a Brig Gen, U.S., before he was 21, d. 1916
  1878 John Masefield, poet, sailor ("Sea Fever")
2 1491 King Henry VIII of England (1509-47)
  1624 King Jan II Sobieski of Poland (1674-96), savior of Vienna, 1683
  1740 Marquis de Sade, sometime soldier, full time weirdo
  1761 Henry Shrapnel, inventor
  1831 Benjamin Hardin Helm, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863
  1835 Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto - Pope St Pius X (1903-14)
  1930 Charles "Pete" Conrad Jr, USN, astronaut
  1940 King Constantine II of Greece (1964 - 1973, deposed)
3 1736 Sir John Francis Edward Acton, 6th Baronet Acton, Tuscan admiral, Neapolitan minister, d. 1811
  1808 Jefferson Finis Davis, USMA graduate, SecWar, d. 1889
  1815 Martin Edward Green, Brig Gen, C.S.A., KIA 1863
  1824 Charles Kinnaird Graham, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1831 Otho French Strahl, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1864
  1843 King Frederick VIII of Denmark (1906-12)
  1865 King George V of Great Britain (1910-36), naval officer
  1904 Dr Charles Drew, developed blood plasma preservation
  1906 Josephine Baker, entertainer, resistance fighter
  1925 Bernard Schwartz - Tony Curtis, submariner, actor ("Operation Petticoat")
4 1738 King George III of Great Britain (1760-1820)
  1803 Gabriel James Rains, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1881
  1815 Paul Jones Semmes, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863
  1816 Philippe Regis Denis de Keredern de Trobriand, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1828 Alexander William Campbell, Brig Gen, C.S.A.
  1833 Sir Garnet Wolseley, "the very model of a modern major general."
  1867 Carl Gustaf von Mannerheim, marshal, President of Finland (1944-46)
  1895 Dino Grandi, Mussolini's henchman
  1910 Christopher Cockerell, inventor of the hovercraft
  1922 Samuel L. Gravely, Jr., first black American admiral, d. 2002
5 468 BC Socrates, Athenian hoplite, hemlocked, 405 BC
  1455 Fran‡ois Villon, "Ballard lord and thief"
  1664 Sultan Mustafa II of Turkey (1695-1703)
  1771 King Ernst August of Hanover (1837-51)
  1827 Beverly Holcombe Robertson, Brig Gen, C.S.A.
  1831 Marcus Joseph Wright, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1922
  1878 Doroteo "Pancho Villa" Arango, Mexican revolutionary
  1899 Federico Garcia Lorca, poet, murdered 1936
  1920 Cornelius Ryan, historian ("The Longest Day")
6 1502 King Jao III of Portugal (1521-57)
  1621 Peter Zrinyi, Hungarian military genius
  1755 Nathan Hale
  1756 John Trumbull, soldier, artist ("The Signing of the Declaration of Independence")
  1778 Geroge "Beau" Brummel, sometime soldier, full time dandy, d. 1840
  1829 John Baillie McIntosh, Brig Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1888
  1840 William Francis Bartlett, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1891 "Panzer" Marcks, German general
  1894 Lucie Mollin, later Mrs. Erwin Rommel (see 1944)
  1896 Italo Balbo, Fascist aviator
  1901 Achmed Sukarno, dictator of Indonesia (1945-67)
  1906 Prince Junio Valerio Scipione Borghese, Fascist condottiero, d. 1974
  1916 Robert Strange McNamara
  1934 King Albert II of the Belgians (1993-)
7 1812 Theophilus Toulmin Garrard, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1902
  1840 Carlota of Saxe-Coburg, sometime Empress of Mexico (1864-67)
8 1806 Gideon Pillow, Maj Gen, USV, Brig Gen, CSA, inept in either role
  1813 David Dixon Porter, the second Admiral, d. 1891
  1821 John Dunlap Stevenson, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897
  1824 William Montgomery Gardner, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901
  1921 Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967-1998)
  1937 Bruce McCandless II, USN, astronaut (STS 41B, STS-31)
9 1640 Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I
  1672 Tsar Peter I "the Great" (1682-1725)
  1797 Shamyl, Chechen national hero
  1833 John Rogers Cooke, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1891
  1851 Charles J. Bonaparte, Imperial grand-nephew, US SecNav, d. 1921
  1854 Jennie Jerome, in Brooklyn, Winston Churchill's Momma
  1898 Curzio Malaparte [Kurt Suckert], Italian fascist author
10 1613 Johan Georg II of Saxony (1656-80)
  1688 The Old Pretender, "James III"
  1735 John Morgan, physician-in-chief of Continental Army
  1835 Grand Duke Ferdinand IV of Tuscany
  1840 Thomas Fentress Toon, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1902
  1899 Raoul Salan, most decorated officer in the French Army, putschist
  1921 Pr Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, sometime naval officer
  1929 James McDivitt, USAF, astronaut (Gemini 4, Apollo 9)
11 1519 Grand Duke Cosimo I de'Medici of Florence (1537-1574), son of Giovanni degli Bande Neri
  1807 James Findlay Schenck, naval officer, U.S., d. 1882
  1808 Charles Henry Poor, naval officer, U.S., d. 1882
  1816 Robert Huston Milroy, Maj Gen, U.S., inept commander, d. 1890
  1822 Samuel Davis Sturgis, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1889
  1823 James Lawson Kemper, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1895
  1895 Nikolai A Bulganin, premier of the USSR (1955-58)
  1910 Jacques Cousteau, Vichyite naval officer, d. 1997
  1920 King Mahendra of Nepal (1955-1972)
  1930 Charles B Rangel, sometime Marine, Member of Congress
12 1519 Duke Cosimo I de' Medici of Florence (1569-1574)
  1795 John Marston Jr, naval officer, U.S., d. 1885
  1798 Samuel Cooper, Gen, C.S.A., d. 1876
  1821 Henry Moses Judah, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1866
  1825 John Cook, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1910
  1877 Thomas C Hart, Admiral, who knew what "war warning" meant
  1908 Otto Skorzeny, Hitler's commando
13 40 Caius Julius Agricola, Roman general, conqueror of the Iceni, d. 93
  823 King Charles II of France (843-77), Holy Roman Emperor (875-77)
  1000 BC Minerva, Roman goddess of wisdom and war
  1786 Winfield "Old Fuss and Feathers" Scott, d. 1866
  1809 Philip St George Cooke, Brig. Gen., U.S., d. 1895
  1821 Gustavus Vasa Fox, greatest Asst SecNavy, d. 1883
  1823 Gustave Paul Cluseret, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1900
  1825 Benjamin Jefferson Hill, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1880
  1924 George Herbert Walker Bush, naval aviator, President (1989-1993)
  1929 Anne Frank, d. 1945
14 1529 Archduke Ferdinand of Austria
  1805 Robert Anderson, Maj Gen, U.S., Hero of Ft. Sumter, d. 1871
  1811 Harriet Beecher Stowe, author ("Uncle Tom's Cabin")
  1836 Thomas Wilberforce Egan, Brig Gen, U.S.
  1882 Ion Antonescu, Dictator of Romania
  1928 Ernesto "Che" Guevara Serna, professional revolutionary
15 1330 Edward, "the Black Prince," Prince of Wales (1343-1376)
  1833 Edward McCook, Brig Gen, U.S., of the "fighting McCooks," d. 1909
  1914 Yuri Andropov, Chekist (1967-1982), Premier of the USSR
16 1239 Edward I of England (1272-1307)
  1742 William Hooper, Signer of the Declaration of Independence
  1836 Wesley Merritt, Civil & Spanish War commander, d. 1910
  1837 Eli Long, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1903
  1858 King Gustav V of Sweden
  1914 John Hershey, war correspondent ("Hiroshima", "A Bell for Adano")
17 1604 Count Maurice of Nassau-Siegen, inventor of the modern army
  1682 King Charles XII of Sweden (1697-1718), boy wonder commander
  1742 William Hooper, Signer of the Declaration of Independence
  1817 Thomas Maley Harris, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1906
  1823 John Henry Hobart Ward, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1903
  1830 Richard Montgomery Gano, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1913
  1921 William R. Anderson, who would take the Nautilus to 90-North, d. 2007
18 1809 Sylvanus William Godon, naval officer, U.S., d. 1879
  1839 William Henry Seward Jr, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1920
  1868 Adm Miklos Horthy von Nagybanya, Regent of Hungary (1920-44)
  1877 James Montgomery Flagg, illustrator ("Uncle Sam wants you!")
  1884 Edouard Daladier, premier France, appeaser
  1937 Vitali M Zholobov, cosmonaut (Soyuz 21)
19 1417 Sigismondo Malatesta, Lord of Rimini (1432-1468), condottiero, d. 1468
  1556 King James VI of Scotland (1567-1625)/I of England (1603-25)
  1764 Jose Gervasio Artigas, general and father of Uruguay
  1811 Henry Prince, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892
  1856 Elbert Hubbard, author ("A Message to Garcia")
  1933 Viktor I Patsayev, USSR, cosmonaut (Soyuz 11)
20 1469 Gian Galeazzo II Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan (1476-1494), d. 1494
  1566 King Sigismund III of Poland and Sweden
  1634 Duke Charles Emanuel II Savoy (1638-75)
  1647 Johan Georg III of Saxony (1680-91)
  1823 Jesse Lee Reno, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1862
  1824 John Tyler Morgan, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1907
  1899 Jean Moulin, hero of the French Resistance
  1909 Errol Flynn, actor ("Objective Burma")
  1924 Audie Murphy, d. 1971
21 1002 Bruno of Egesheim - Pope St. Leo IX (1049-1054)
  1596 Tsar Michael Theodorovich (1613-45), the first Romanov
  1736 Enoch Poor, Continental brigadier, d. 1780
  1817 James Brewerton Ricketts, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1887
  1818 Duke Ernst II of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1844-93), composer
  1818 Joseph Abel Haskin, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1874
  1823 Edward Elmer Potter, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1889
  1839 John Decatur Barry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1867
  1851 Daniel Carter Beard, first American Boy Scout leader
  1905 Jean-Paul Sartre, Existentialistic Nazi collaborator & Communist apologist
  1947 Lex van Delden, actor ("A Soldier of Orange")
  1982 Prince William of the United Kingdom
22 1478 Philip the Fair, Archduke of Austria, husband to Juana la Loca, Queen of Spain
  1805 Giuseppe Mazzini, "The Soul of Italian Unification"
  1856 H. Rider Haggard, author ("King Solomon's Mines")
  1858 Giacomo Puccini, composer ("Madama Butterfly")
  1898 Erich Maria Remarque, Frontsoldat, novelist ("All Quiet on the Western Front")
  1922 Bill Blass, ETO deception specialist, fashion designer, d. 2002
23 47 BC Ptolemy XV Caesarion, son of Cleopatra & Caesar, executed 30 BC
  1534 Oda Nobunaga, Japanese warlord, d. 1582
  1763 Josephine Beauharnais Bonaparte, Empress of France (1804-10), d. 1814
  1801 Daniel Smith Donelson, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863
  1822 Young Marshall Moody, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1866
  1838 Edwin Henry Stoughton, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1868
  1842 Edouard Manet, impressionist ("The Kearsarge and Alabama")
  1894 The Duke of Windsor, sometime King Edward the VIII
  1912 Alan Turing, mathematician, cryptologist
  1917 Peter Brunt, historian ("Italian Manpower, 225 BC - AD 14), d. 2005.
  1921 Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg (1964-), last absolute monarch in Europe
24 1244 Count Henrich I "the Child" of Hesse (1256-1308)
  1771 E. I. Du Pont, gunpowder manufacturer
  1820 Henry Rootes Jackson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1898
  1822 Birkett Davenport Fry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1891
  1832 Edward Harland, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1915
  1842 Ambrose Bierce, veteran, satirist ("Devil's Dictionary")
  1850 Horatio Herbert Kitchener, soldier, kia 1916.
  1939 Henry Lawrence Garett III, SecNav (1989-92)
25 1373 Queen Giovanna II of Naples (1414-35)
  1796 Tsar Nicholas I of Russia (1825-1855)
  1813 William Hugh Keim, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1862
  1823 James Dunwody Bulloch, naval officer, C.S.N., d. 1901
  1886 General of the Army Henry "Hap" Arnold
  1900 Admiral of the Fleet Lord Louis Mountbatten of Burma
  1903 Eric Blair [George Orwell], author ("Homage to Catalonia")
  1941 Ames Aldrich, CIA officer who spied for the USSR
26 1742 Arthur Middleton, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1787
  1819 Abner Doubleday, Maj. Gen, U.S., who didn't invent baseball
  1837 Martin Davis Hardin II, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1923
  1837 Victor Jean Baptiste Girardey, Brig Gen, C.S.A.
  1865 Bernard Berenson, Fascist-friendly art critic, d 1959
  1898 Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft designer
27 1462 King Louis XII "the Just" of France(1498-1515)
  1550 King Charles IX of France (1560-74)
  1682 King Charles XII of Sweden
  1828 Junius Daniel, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1864
  1846 Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish nationalist leader
  1869 Emma Goldman, Anarchist
  1872 Paul Lawrence Dunbar, poet ("The Unsung Heroes"), d. 1906
  1898 Lewis "Chesty" Puller, Marine, d. 1971
28 1476 Giovanni Pietro Caraffa - Pope Paul IV (1555-1559)
  1491 King Henry VIII
  1742 William Hooper, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1790
  1902 Richard Rodgers, composer ("Victory at Sea")
29 1397 King Juan II of Aragon
  1475 Beatrice Sforza, Duchess of Milan
  1831 William Thomas Clark, Brig Gen, d. 1905
  1858 George Washington Goethals, military engineer (Panama Canal)
  1880 Ludwig Beck, Chief, German general staff , inept anti-Nazi, suicide in 1944
  1900 Antoine Saint-Euxpery, aviator, author ("The Little Prince"), d. 1943
  1911 Bernard von Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince of the Netherlands, Hero of the Resistance, d. 2004
30 1470 Charles VIII of France (1483-98)
  1503 Johan Frederik of Saxony (1532-47)
  1837 Stephen D Ramseur, Maj Gen, C.S.A.
  1894 Gavrilo Princip, assassin

Died
1 1191 Philip of Alsace, Count of Flanders
  1434 King Jagiello of Lithuania and Poland
  1557 King Jao III of Portugal (1521-57)
  1668 Mary Dyer, hanged in Boston for Quakerism
  1813 James "Don't give up the ship!" Lawrence, kia, USS Chesapeake
  1823 Louis Nicholas Davout, Marshal of France, at 53
  1868 James Buchanan, veteran, president (1857-1861), at 77
  1879 Prince Imperial Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, 22, slain by the Zulu
  1946 Ion Antonescu, Dictator of Romania, executed
  1981 Carl Vinson, father of the "Two Ocean Navy," at 97
  1983 Prince Charles of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Count of Flanders
  1987 Rashid Karami, PM of Lebanon, by a bomb
  2004 William Manchester, Marine, historian ("Goodbye Darkness")
2 193 Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor for a little while, (May 28-Jun 1 193), executed
  261 BC King Antiochos I Soter of Syria (281-261 BC).
  657 St Pope Eugene I (654-657)
  1520 Giampaolo I Baglioni, Lord of Perugia (1500-1520), condottiero, beheaded at c. 50 in the Sant'Angelo
  1572 Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, executed in the Tower of London
  1581 James Douglas, Earl of Morton, sometime regent of Scotland, beheaded at Edinburgh,
  1632 Count Ernst Casimir of Nassau-Dietz, at 58
  1882 Giuseppe Garibaldi, "the Hero of Two Continents," at 74
  1943 Leslie Howard, actor, 50, when Nazis down a Dutch airliner over the Bay of Biscay
  2001 King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal and seven other royals, shot by Prince Dipendra, who mortally wounds himself in the process, but technically becomes king anyway
3 1665 Admiral Opdam, when his flagship blows up
  1928 Chiang Tsolin, "the Old Marshal," warlord of Manchuria, bomb set by Japanese agents
  1963 Pope John XXIII, 1958-63,sometime Sgt Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, Italian Royal Army, at 81
  1970 Hjalmar Schacht, Hitler's banker, at 92
  2003 Gregory Peck, actor ("Captain Horatio Hornblower"), at 84
4 1039 King Konrad II of Germany (1024-39)
  1316 King Louis X of France (1314-16)
  1792 John Burgoyne, who was a better playwright than soldier
  1798 Giacomo Casanova (b. 1725), sometime soldier
  1825 King Ferdinand I "the Nose" of Sicily and Naples
  1941 Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany (1888-1918), in exile
  1942 Reinhard Heydrich, Himmler's henchman, assassinated
  1989 Ayatalloh Ruhullah Khomeini, evil high priest, at 86
  2001 King Dipendra of Nepal, lingering effects of a self-inflicted gunshot wound, three days after wiping out most of the royal family
5 754 Caliph Abul'-Abbas of Baghdad
  1288 Count Hendrik VI of Luxembourg (1281-88), kia
  1568 Count D'Egmont, Dutch patriot, beheaded
  1568 Count Horn, Dutch patriot, beheaded
  1568 Count Philips van Montmorency of Horne, Dutch admiral, beheaded
  1637 500 Pequot Indians, killed at Mystic, Connecticut, by the colonists
  1900 Stephen Crane, war correspondent, author ("The Red Badge of Courage")
  1916 Horatio H Kitchener, drowned at 65 in HMS Hampshire
  1919 Eugen Levin, head of the Bavarian Soviet Republic, assassinated
  1942 RADM Tamon Yamaguchi, IJN, CO 2nd Carrier Division, going down with the Hiryu
  2004 Ronald Reagan, sometime soldier, actor, President (1981-1989)
6 1326 Pandolfo I Malatesta, Lord of Rimini (1317-1326), condottiero, at c. 60
  1491 Bertoldo degli Oddi, kia against the Baglioni in Perugia
  1491 Fabrizio degli Oddi, kia against the Baglioni in Perugia
  1491 Costantino de' Ranieri, executed by the Baglioni in Perugia
  1533 Ludovico Giovanni Ariosto, epic poet ("Orlando Furioso")
  1704 Memnon de Coehorn, fortification engineer - the "Dutch Vauban"
  1762 Adm. George, Lord Anson
  1861 Camillo Benso conte di Cavour, the "Brain" of Italian unification, at 51
  1862 Turner Ashby, Confederate cavalryman, KIA near Harrisonburg, VA
  1865 William Quantrill, Rebel raider, shot in the back escaping a Union patrol
  1916 Yuan Shikai, President, aspirant Emperor of China, at 56
  1968 Robert F Kennedy, sometime sailor, assassinated
  1968 Sir Miles Dempsey, Commander, Canadian First Army, on D-Day + 24 years
7 555 Pope Vigilus (537-555)
  1329 King Robert Bruce of Scotland (1306-29), at 53
  1492 King Kasimir IV King of Poland (1447-92), at 64
  1631 Mumtaz Mahal, Mrs. Shah Jahan, who buried her in the Taj Mahal
  1701 Prince Ferdinand of Wurttemberg-Neustadt, at 41
  1840 King Frederik Willem III of Prussia (1797-1840), at 69
  1862 William Mumford, hanged at New Orleans by Ben Butler for desecrating the American flag
  1998 James Byrd Jr., black American, murdered by white supremacists in Texas
8 632 Mohammed
  1042 King Hardicanute of England and Denmark
  1376 Edward "the Black Prince," son of Edward III, at 46
  1502 Francesco Troccio, treasonous Secretary to Pope Alexander VI, strangled by Michellotto Coreglia, at the orders of Cesare Borgia.
  1503 Giacamo da Santa Croce, agent of Cesare Borgia, murdered by his master
  1747 Kouli Khan - "Shah Nadir" - usurper of the Persian throne, murdered
  1809 Thomas Paine
  1845 Andrew Jackson, soldier and president (1828-37), at 78
  1871 Satanta, Kiowa war chief, shot "trying to escape"
  1874 Chief Cochise of the Chiricahua, at c. 60
  1998 Nigerian Pres Sani Abacha, after a "bout" with three prostitutes
9 62 Octavia, daughter of Claudius, murdered by her husband, Nero
  68 Nero, Roman emperor (54-68), suicide
  630 King Shahrbaraz of Persia (Apr 27-Jun 9, 630), murdered
  1290 Beatrice, Dante's beloved, tour guide
  1502 Astorgio III Manfredi, Sovereign Lord and Papal Vicar of Faenza, strangled at 17 in the Sant'Angelo by the Borgia
  1502 Gianevangelista Manfredi, Castellan of Faenza, his brother, strangled at c. 14 in the Sant'Angelo by the Borgia
  1746 Pope Gregory XVI - Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari (1730-1746)
  1825 Pauline Bonaparte, sister of Napoleon, model for Canova, 44
  1907 President Manuel Estrada Vabrera of Guatemala, murdered
10 1190 Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, drowned in the Saleph River on Crusade
  1580 Luis Vaz de Camoes, Portuguese soldier and epic poet
  1860 Thomas Sidney Jessup (b. 1788), QM General from 1818
  1861 Lt. J. T. Greble, 2nd Art, 1st RA officer KIA in the Civil War, Big Bethel
  1868 Prince Michael Obrenovic of Serbia, murdered
  1903 King Alexander I and Queen Draga of Serbia, assassinated
  1924 Giacomo Matteotti, Italian socialist, assassinated by fascists
  1941 Marcus Garvey, fascistic black nationalist leader, at 52
11 90 BC Roman Consul P. Rutilius Rufus, kia
  1216 Henry, Latin Emperor of Constantinople (1206-16)
  1512 Giulio Cesare Malvizzi, Patrician of Bologna, Captain of the Holy Church, murdered.
  1727 King George I of England
  1936 Robert E. Howard, author ("Conan"), suicide at 30
  1948 Col. David "Mikey" Marcus, General of Israel, accident
  1960 Commo Dudley W. Knox, naval historian and theoretician
  1963 Quang Duc, Buddhist monk, self-immolation in Saigon
  1979 John Wayne, IV-F actor ("Sands of Iwo Jima", "Fighting SeaBees")
  2001 Timothy McVeigh, executed for the Murrah Federal Building bombing
12 1675 Duke Charles Emanuel II of Savoy (1638-75), at 40
  1734 James FitzJames, First Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed, illegitimate son of James II, Marshal of France, decapitated by a cannon ball at the siege of Philipsburg, 63
  1946 Count Hisaichi Terauchi, Japanese field marshal
  1963 Medgar Evers, veteran, slain at 37 by white supremacists, Jackson, Ms
  2002 Bill Blass, ETO deception specialist, at 79
13 323 BC King Alexander III "the Great" of Macedonia, noted drunkard, at 32 [or 21st] [Alt]
  1142 Duke Godfried II of Brabant and Lorraine
  1886 "Mad" King Ludwig II of Bavaria, drowned
  1905 Theodoros Delyannis, premier Greece, murdered
  1993 Donald "Deke" K Slayton, astronaut (Apollo 18), at 69
14 1205 Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice, Conqueror of Constantinople, over 90
  1473 Zaffira Manfredi, poisoned at c. 35 by her husband Pino II Ordelaffi, Lord of Forli.
  1497 Giovanni Borgia, The Duke of Gandia, assassinated, perhaps by brother Cesare
  1609 Giulia Orsini, Princess of Bisignano, poisoned
  1646 Maille-Breze, French Admiral, kia, Ortebello
  1801 Benedict Arnold, American hero & traitor, in London
  1828 Grand Duke Charles Augustus of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
  1864 C.S. Lt Gen Leonidas Polk, kia, Pine Mt.
15 923 Robert I, claimant to the throne of France, kia at Soissons
  948 Byzantine Emperor Romanus I Lecapenus (919-44)
  1341 Byzantine Emperor Andronicus III Paleologus (1328-41)
  1381 Wat Tyler, English peasant leader, beheaded in London
  1397 The Count of Eu, in Turkish captivity
  1467 Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy, at 76
  1785 Francis Pilatre de Rosier, in a fall from a balloon, near Boulogne
  1794 Freteau de St. Just, French radical, guillotined at Paris
  1849 James K. Polk, militiaman, president (1845-1849), at 53
  1888 Kaiser Frederik III von Hohenzollern of Germany (1888)
  1985 Robert D. Stethem, USN, murdered by Moslem hijackers of Flight 847
16 956 Duke Hugo "the Great" of France
  1216 Pope Innocent III - Lotario de' Conti (1198-1216)
  1443 Annibale Marescotti, Patrician of Bologna, murdered by Ermes by Giovanni II Bentivoglio
  1443 Gianluigi Marescotti, his brother, Patrician of Bologna, assassinated by Giovanni II Bentivoglio
  1443 Tideo Marescotti, their cousin, Patrician of Bologna, assassinated by Giovanni II Bentivoglio
  1487 Edward de la Pole, the Earl of Lincoln, kia fighting for the Pseudo-Edward VI
  1487 Lord Lovell, kia fighting for the Pseudo-Edward VI
  1599 Marcantonio Massimo, Roman Nobleman, Knight of Malta, decapitated at Rome for poisoning his brother Luca to claim his inheritance.
  1671 Stenka Razin, Don Cossack hetman, tortured, at c. 40
  1686 BC King Hammurabi of Babylon, lawgiver
  1793 Count Louis d'Affry, French general and diplomat
  1815 Duke Frederick William of Brunswick (1813-15), KIA at Quatre Bras
  1916 Eduard von Losch, German Imperial Guardsman, stepfather to Marlene Dietrich, kia, the Eastern Front
  1933 Chaim Arlosoroff, Zionist spokesman and childhood friend to Eva Braun, assassinated in Tel Aviv, at 33.
  1939 Eugene Weidmann, in the last public guillotining, Versailles
  1944 Marc Bloch, historian, soldier, resistance fighter, murdered by the Nazis at 57
  1958 Imre Nagy, Former Hungarian Premier, hanged by the Soviets
  1977 Wernher von Braun, Nazi rocket scientist (V1/V2), at 65
  1979 Gen. Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, former dictator of Ghana (1972-1978), executed
17 322 –BC- Aledander the Great [Alt]
  656 Caliph Uthman, hacked to death by rebels
  900 Archbishop Fulk of Rheims, murdered by the Count of Flanders
  1091 Count Dirk V of Holland
  1245 Alberigo Manfredi, Ghibelline leader in the Romagna, kia, San Lucia
  1501 King Jan I Olbracht of Poland (1492-1501)
  1696 King Jan III Sobieski of Poland (1674-96)
  1797 Shah Aga Mohammed Khan of Persia, executed, after being castrated
  1815 Hammida, Algerian admiral, kia, frigate Mashouda
  1905 Maximo Gomez, Cuban revolutionary hero, at 68
  1989 David S Griggs, astronaut, crash of a WW II warbird
18 655 Caliph Othman, assassinated at Medina
  741 Byzantine Emperor Leo III "the Isaurian" (717-741), Savior of Constantinople
  1291 King Alfonso III of Aragon (1285-91), at 24
  1629 Piet Heyn, Dutch naval hero, kia against Dunkerque.
  1815 LtGen Sir Thomas Picton, kia Waterloo
  1824 Archduke Ferdinand III of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany, 55
  1916 Helmuth von Moltke "the Younger", German chief of general staff
  1945 Lt Gen Simon B Buckner, Commander, Tenth Army, KIA, Okinawa
  1973 Fredrick Fraske, last veteran of the frontier army, at 101
  1974 Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgi Zhukov, at 78
19 1312 Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, “favorite” of Edward II, beheaded at c. 28
  1867 Emperor Maximilian of Mexico, Archduke of Austria, firing squad
  1867 Maj. Gen. Miguel Miramon, Imperial Mexican Army, firing squad
  1867 Maj. Gen. Tomas Meija, Imperial Mexican Army, firing squad
  1953 Julius & Ethel Rosenberg, executed at Sing Sing for espionage
  1989 I. F. Stone, Soviet-apologist and muckraker, at 81
20 1649 Richard Brandon, who swung the ax that beheaded Charles I, of natural causes
  1837 King William IV of England
  1876 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, often president of Mexico, 82
  1913 Ens W. D. Billingsley, the first naval aviation fatality, Annapolis
  1923 "Pancho Villa" - Doroteo Arango, assassinated
21 546 BC Thales, philosopher
  1208 King Philip of Germany (1198-1208), murdered at c. 41 by Otto of Wittelsbach, Count Palatine of Bavaria, whom he had rejected as a prospective son-in-law
  1377 King Edward III of England (1327-77)
  1527 Niccolo Machiavelli
  1582 Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582), Japanese warlord, murdered at 47
  1631 Captain John Smith of Virginia,
  1862 Col. Charles Ellet, US, of wounds received at Memphis, June 6th.
  1970 Achmed Sukarno, Indonesian dictator (1945-67), at 68
  2003 Leon Uris, marine, novelist ("Battle Cry")
22 1101 King Roger I of Sicily
  1276 Pope Bl. Innocent V - Peter of Tarentais (21 Jan-22 Jun 1276)
  1522 Sigismondo da Varano, 2nd Duke of Camerino (1521-1522), assassinated near Rome, by his uncle Giovanni Maria da Varano, the 3rd Duke
  1535 Bishop John Fisher, beheaded on Tower Hill
  1627 Francois de Montmorency Bouteville, beheaded for dueling
  1634 Johann Reichsgraf von Aldringen, Imperial Field Marshal, kia at Landshut, at c. 46
  1922 FM Henry H. Wilson, fighting the IRA sword in hand
  1945 Lt.Gen. Mitsuri Ushijima, 32nd Army, Okinawa, hara-kiri
23 79 Roman Emperor Vespasian (69-79), becoming a god
  840 King Louis I "le debonnaire" of France
24 217 BC Consul Gaius Flaminius Nepos, kia, Lake Trasimenus
  1295 Lippoo Mannelii, in Siena by partisans of the Velluti family, in vendetta for a murder committed in 1267
  1445 Annibale I Bentivoglio, Lord of Bologna(1438-1445), assassinated while leaving church by Battista Canneschi, an agent of the Canetoli & Ghisiliere families, many of whom are promptly lynched by the populace
  1497 Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank, Cornish rebels, executed in London
  1519 Lucrezia Borgia d'Este, 39, bearing her 7th child
25 1212 Simon de Montfort, leader of the Albigensian Crusade, at 67
  1673 Charles de Batz-Castelmore, le comte d'Artagnan, shot in the throat during the siege of Maastricht, at c. 62
  1876 Lt Col George A Custer, KIA
  1876 Boston Custer, George's brother, KIA
  1876 Capt. Thomas W Custer, twice MoH, George's brother, KIA
  1876 Harry A Reed, Custer's nephew, 18, KIA
  1876 Isaiah Dorman, black Quartermaster employee, KIA
  1876 James Calhoun, 1st Lt., Custer's sister's husband, KIA
  1876 Lame White Man and perhaps 50 other Indians, KIA
  1876 Some 250 other members of the 7th Cavalry, KIA
  1906 Stanford White, shot in Madison Square Garden by Harry K Thaw, husband of Evelyn Nesbit, his former mistress
  1997 Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Vichyite, at 87
26 363 Roman Emperor Julian the Apostate (361-363), kia
  1296 The Duke du Brabant, murdered
  1541 Francisco Pizarro, conquistador, murdered
  1757 Maximilian Ulysses, Reichsgraf von Browne, Imperial Field Marshal, at 52 of wounds from the Battle of Prague, May 6th,
  1830 King George IV of Great Britain (1820-1830)
  1922 Prince Albert I of Monaco (1889-1922), French naval officer, oceanographer, at 73
27 363 Roman Emperor Julian "the Apostate", kia
  992 Duke Conan I of Brittany
  1276 King Jaime I of Aragon (1217-1276), at 68
  1296 Count Florian V of Holland and Zeeland
  1458 King Alfonso V of Aragon and Sicily, & I of Naples
  1638 Patriarch Kyrillos Loukaris of Istanbul, strangled by Sultan Murad IV as a traitor
  1776 Thomas Hickey, hanged for trying to betray Washington to the British
  1794 Philippe, Count of Noailles, Marshal of France, guillotined at 79, along with his wife, daughter-in-law, & grand-daughter.
  1844 Joseph Smith, Mormon prophet, and his bother Hyman Smith, lynched in Carthage, Ill.
  1861 Cdr James H. Ward, 1st naval officer KIA in the Civil War.
  1952 Elmo Lincoln
  1973 Earl Browder, leader CPUSA (1930-45), at 82
  1980 Reza Pahlevi, deposed Shah of Iran
  2003 Strom Thurmond, D-Day veteran, segregationist, at 100.
  2005 Shelby Foote, novelist & narrator ("The Civil War: A Narrative"), at 88
28 548 Theodora, joy girl and Empress
  683 Pope St Leo II (681-683)
  1385 Byzantine Emperor Andronicus IV Paleologus
  1389 Sultan Murad I of Turkey, assassinated by a Serb on the morning of the Battle of Kosovo
  1389 Prince Lazar of Serbia, kia, the Battle of Kosovo
  1497 Lord Audley, Michael Joseph, & Thomas Flammock, beheaded for treason in the Tower
  1836 James Madison, militiaman, President (1809-1817), at 75
  1904 Daniel Decatur Emmett, composer ("Dixie")
  1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria and his wife, the Duchess Sophie, assassinated at Sarajevo
29 67 St Peter, Apostle and Pope (32-67), martyred
  1528 Scipione Colonna, Abbot of Subiavo, Bishop of Rieti, kia, Magliano
  1799 Neapolitan Adm. Francesco Caracciolo, hanged by Nelson
  1840 Lucien Bonaparte, Napoleon's smarter brother, at 65
  1971 Georgi T Dobrovolsky, 43, Viktor Patsayev, 38, & Vladimir Volkov, at 35, cosmonauts, killed in the landing of Soyuz 11
  1992 President Mohammad Boudiaf of Algeria, assassinated
30 350 Roman Emperor-aspirant Julius Nepotian (June 3-30, 350), murdered.
  1109 King Alfonso VI of Leon
  1402 Giovanni I Bentivoglio, Lord of Bologna, assassinated by agents of the Visconti
  1520 Emperor Motecuhzoma II of the Aztec, of wounds, at Tenochtitlan
  1685 Archibald Campbell, ninth Earl of Argyle, beheaded at Edinburgh
  1797 Richard Parker, who led the Nore mutiny, hanged from the yardarm of HMS Neptune
  1882 Charles Guiteau, assassin of President Garfield, hanged
  1934 Ernst Rohm, Brown Shirt leader, 46, murdered by Hitler
  1934 Gregor Strasser, Nazi leader, murdered by Hitler
  1934 Karl Earnest, Brown Shirt leader, murdered by Hitler
  1934 Kurt von Schleicher, chancellor (1932-33), murdered by Hitler
  1938 Caroline Poulder King, last War of 1812 veteran's widow; b. 1850, married veteran Darius King, 70, in 1870.
  1942 Mary C. Kimbro, 1st American woman merchant mariner to die in WW II, City of Birmingham, torpedoed, North Atlantic

Event
1 637 Battle of Quadisiya: Arab Moslems defeat the Persians
  1432 Battle of San Romano: The Florentines defeat the Sienese, commemorated in Uccello’s famous triptych
  1498 Pagolo Vitelli is appointed Captain of the Florentine Republic
  1676 Naval Battle of Oland: Dutch defeat the Swedes in the Baltic
  1774 British close Port of Boston in punishment for the "Tea Party"
  1794 "The Glorious First of June": Lord Howe defeats the French Fleet
  1813 USS Chesapeake is taken by HMS Shannon
  1855 US filibuster William Walker becomes President of Nicaragua, legalizes slavery
  1861 Skirmish at Arlington Mills, Va
  1861 Skirmish at Fairfax Courthouse, Va
  1862 Battle of Seven Pines: Joe Johnston is wounded
  1864 Battle of Cold Harbor, Day 1
  1866 Fenians attack Fort Erie, Ontario, from US soil
  1871 US Sailors & Marines land in Korea, to protect U.S. citizens
  1877 US troops authorized to pursue bandits into Mexico
  1906 Three day pogrom begins in Bialystock, c. 110 Jews die
  1914 SecNav Josephus Daniels' G.O. 99 bars alcohol in the fleet
  1915 1st Zeppelin air raid over England
  1916 Battle of Jutland: Fleets return to port
  1936 King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy is proclaimed Emperor of Ethiopia
  1938 Superman debuts in Action Comics
  1939 British sub Thetis accidentally sinks, Liverpool Bay, 99 die
  1940 Coffee & tea rationed in Nazi-occupied Holland
  1941 Germany bans all Catholic publications
  1943 Tanker Montana rams & sinks SS John Morgan off Norfolk, 86 die
  1947 OPA, WW II rationing agency, is dissolved
  1948 Cease-fire ends Israeli War for Independence
  1958 Charles de Gaulle becomes premier of France
  1964 Military coup installs a junta in Greece
  1991 Philippines: Mt Pinatubo, erupts and closes Clark AFB
  1993 Guatemalan President Jorge Serrano overthrown by the army
2 0 Feast of St. Elmo, Patron of Sailors
  49 BC Pompeian forces retreat from Ildera, pursued by Caesar
  455 Gaiseric and the Vandals begin the sack of Rome
  597 St. Augustine baptizes King Ethelbert of the Saxons
  1070 The Danes under Hereward the Wake sack Peterborough Abbey
  1183 Battle of Kurikara: Minamoto defeats Tiara
  1183 Saladin takes Aleppo
  1424 Battle of L'Aquila: The Angevins defeat the Bracceschi
  1442 Alfonso I of Aragon takes Naples, with a little help from Procopius
  1525 Battle of Konigshafen: German Tauber rebels defeated
  1635 John Milton joins The Honourable Artillery Company of London
  1774 Parliament passes Quartering Act, billeting troops in private homes
  1780 Anti-Catholic rioters attack Parliament
  1794 First use of aerial spotting: French balloon service supports artillery at Maubuege
  1864 Battle of Cold Harbor, Day 2
  1865 Kirby-Smith surrenders Confederate Trans-Mississippi Dept
  1866 Fenians retreating from Canada (see June 1) surrender to US forces
  1910 C.S. Rolls makes the first round trip flight over the English Channel
  1914 Glenn Curtiss flies his Langley Aerodrome
  1924 Congress grants citizenship to Native Americans [very white of them]
  1928 Nationalist Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek captures Peking
  1936 Gen Anastasio Somoza becomes "President" of Nicaragua
  1940 Heavy German bombing of the Dunkirk beachhead
  1941 USS Long Island (CVE-1) commissioned, the first escort carrier
  1942 Midway Campaign: Japanese carrier a/c raid Dutch Harbor
  1943 Black 99th Pursuit Sqn flies its 1st combat mission, over Italy
  1943 Pope Pius XII denounces aerial bombardment of civilians, is totally ignored by everyone
  1953 Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in Westminster Abbey
  1969 South China Sea: Australian CV Melbourne rams US DD Frank E Evans, 74 die
  1989 Pro-democracy protests in Tiananmen Square, Beijing
  1995 USAF Capt Scott O'Grady's F-16C shot down over Bosnia
3 0 Festival of Bellona, Roman Goddess of War
  350 Julius Nepotian, nephew of Constantine the Great, proclaims himself Roman Emperor (June 3-30)
  1098 Crusaders seize Antioch
  1784 The 1st American Regt is formed, now the 3rd Infantry
  1785 Frigate Alliance is sold; last Continental Navy ship
  1849 Battle of the Villa Corsini: The French defeat the Garibaldini defending Rome
  1849 Spanish Army reaches Itri, marching to support the French at Rome
  1861 Battle of Philippi: Union captures W Va (0 k, 21 w, both sides)
  1864 Battle of Cold Harbor, Day 3
  1866 Fenians are defeated in Ontario, and retreat to the US (see May 31)
  1893 Brick replica of the USS Indiana (BB-1) opens at the Chicago World's Fair
  1898 USN party scuttles steamer Merrimac in Santiago Channel
  1916 Congress establishes ROTC
  1929 Chile, Peru, & Bolivia sign accord on Tacna-Arica
  1938 German Reich orders confiscation of "degenerate art."
  1940 Major German air raid on Paris
  1941 German occupiers stamp "J" on passports of Dutch Jews
  1942 Los Negros falls to the Japanese: formal Fil-American resistance in the Philippines ends
  1942 Midway Campaign: B-17s raid Japanese transports, no hits
  1943 UNRRA formed
  1949 1st African-American graduate of Annapolis: Wesley A. Brown
  1959 First US Air Force Academy graduation
  1965 First American "space walk", Maj. Edward White, Gemini 4
4 0 Feast of St. Boniface, Patron of Brewers
  1133 Pope Innocent II crowns Lothar III Holy Roman Emperor at Rome
  1362 Battle of Brignais: The Free Companions defeat the French
  1520 The "First Summit": The Field of the Cloth of Gold - Henry VIII & Francis II
  1525 Battle of Ingolstat: German Tauber rebels crushed
  1543 Condottiero Fabiano de Monte attmpts a coup against San Marino
  1615 Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu, captures Osaka after a six month siege.
  1647 English Puritan army captures King Charles I
  1745 Frederick the Great defeats Austrians & Saxons
  1746 Battle of San Lorenzo: Austro-Sardinians defeat the French
  1763 The Chippewa capture Fort Michilimackinac from the English
  1783 Montgolfier brothers launch the first unmanned hot-air balloon
  1784 Mme Thible becomes the first woman to fly in a balloon
  1789 The US Constitution goes into effect
  1794 British troops captured Port-au-Prince, Haiti
  1799 First Battle of Zurich, Day 1: Austrians v. French (ends 7th)
  1805 Tripoli concludes peace with US after war over tribute
  1829 Magazine explosion destroys steam frigate Demologos, Brooklyn Navy Yard, 30 die.
  1831 Duke Leopold of Kendal proclaimed first king of Belgium
  1859 Franco-Sardinian victory over Austrians at Magenta
  1862 Confederates evacuate Ft Pillow, Tenn
  1917 Order of British Empire inaugurated
  1918 US & French halt the Germans at Chateau-Thierry
  1920 Peace of Trianon between Allies & Hungary
  1924 Enternal light dedicated at Madison Square, commemorating New Yorkers killed in WW I
  1927 Pres Coolidge revies the US Fleet in the Chesapeake
  1934 USS Ranger (CV-4) commissioned, first US purpose-built carrier
  1940 "Miracle of Dunkirk" ends: over 300,000 troops evacuated
  1942 Midway Campaign: Japanese aircraft bomb Dutch Harbor in the Aleutians.
  1942 Midway Campaign: Japanese lose four CVs, USS Yorktown badly damaged
  1943 Col Juan Peron seizes power in Argentina
  1944 Allied forces liberate Rome
  1944 CVE Guadalcanal ASW Group takes U-505; 1st USN foreign prize since 1815
  1944 Paddle CV Wolverine sets a/c landing record; 633 in one day
  1945 Okinawa: 6th Marine Division secures the Orokoe Peninsula
  1954 France grants Vietnam independence within the French Union
  1956 Khrushchev's speech blasting Stalin is made public
  1960 Heavy Red Chinese artillery bomabrdment of Nationalist-held Quemoy Is.
  1963 British Minister of War John Profumo resigns over an affair with Christine Keeler
  1974 First Woman Army Aviator: Sally Murphy
  1976 Puerto Rican nationalists detonate a bomb in the Cook County Courthouse, Chicago, sparking rioting in some areas
  1982 Israel attacks targets in south Lebanon
  1989 Chinese army massacres pro-democracy protesters in Tiananmen Square
  1991 Non-communist government installed in Albania
5 70 Titus & his legionaries breach the middle wall of Jerusalem
  1249 Battle of Damietta: Crusaders defeat the Ayyubids
  1284 Battle of Castellammare: Ruggiero di Lauria's Aragonese-Sicilian fleet defeats the Angevin-Neapolitans
  1288 Battle of Worringen: Brabant defeats Guelders
  1305 Bertrand de Got elected Pope as Clement V (1305-1314)
  1589 Battle of Lisbon: Spanish beat off an English assault
  1595 Battle of Fontaine-Francaise: French defeat the Spanish
  1659 Aurangzeb becomes Mogul Emperor of India (1659-1707)
  1794 Congress bars citizens from serving in foreign armed forces
  1796 France and Naples conclude an armistice
  1799 First Battle of Zurich, Day 2: Austrians v. French (ends 7th)
  1806 Napoleon turns the Batavian Republic into the Kingdom of Holland
  1827 Turks capture the Acropolis during the Greek War of Independence
  1863 Battle of Franklin's Crossing/Deep Run, VA
  1864 Battle of Piedmont/Augusta City, VA
  1884 Sherman says, "If nominated, I will not run; if elected, I will not serve."
  1917 US begins draft registration: 10 million will sign up
  1942 Explosion at the Elwood Ordnance Plant, Illinois, 54 die
  1942 Midway Campaign: B-17s claim great success against Japanese ships, score no hits
  1942 Midway Campaign: Yamamoto orders the Combined Fleet to retire.
  1942 USA declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary, & Romania
  1943 Air Battle, Russell Is: Japanese lose 24, US 7 planes
  1943 Battle of the Pribilof Is: B-17s mistake islands for a Japanese fleet, massacre the seals
  1943 Last Italian air raid on Gibraltar
  1944 First B-29 raid over Tokyo; one lost to engine failure
  1945 Typhoon: 30 major US warships and dozens of support vessels damaged.
  1947 SecState George C Marshall outlines the "Marshall Plan"
  1967 Six Day War begins between Israel & its Arab neighbors
  1977 Coup in the Seychelles
  1984 Indira Gandhi orders attack on Sikh Golden Temple
6 824 Election of Pope Eugene II (824-827)
  1218 Battle of Zibello: Milanese defeat the Cremonese
  1266 Charles of Anjou is elected King of Sicily
  1349 Battle of Melito: The Hungarians defeat the Neapolitans
  1491 Coup attempt against the Baglioni at Perugia by the Oddi & other exiles, c. 60 die
  1513 Battle of La Riotta: The Swiss defeat the French
  1513 Battle of Novara: Swiss defeat the French, restoring the Sforza to Milan
  1523 Gustavus I becomes king of Sweden
  1639 Massachusetts grants 500 acres of land to erect a gunpowder mill
  1757 Battle of Prague
  1775 NY patriots prevent the Royal Governor from removing weapons from the city
  1799 First Battle of Zurich, Day 3: Austrians v. French (ends 7th)
  1813 Battle of Stony Creek, Ont: U.S. invasion of Canada halted
  1862 Battle of Port Royal, SC
  1862 River Battle off Memphis: Yank gunboats defeat Rebs, with only 1 man m/w
  1862 Skirmish at Harrisonburg, PA
  1863 Battle of Williamsport, MD
  1864 Battle of Lake Chicot/Dutch Bayou, AR
  1898 Marines land at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
  1898 US ships exchange fire with Spanish batteries at Santiago, Cuba
  1916 HMS Hampshire, mined off the Orkneys, c. 600 die
  1918 Marines secure Belleau Wood
  1920 Wrangel's "White Guard" offensive against the Red Army
  1932 Carlos Davila stages coup against Pres Juan Montero of Chile
  1942 Japanese sub I-168 torpedoes damaged Yorktown, sinks a destroyer
  1942 Japanese troops land on Kiska in the Aleutians.
  1942 Midway: U.S. CV a/c attack retiring Japanese, sinking or damaging 2 CAs
  1942 Use of a nylon parachute first demonstrate, Adeline Gray, Hartford
  1943 Japanese decide to evacuate Kiska
  1944 D-Day
  1944 John Eisenhower graduates from USMA, his father fails to attend.
  1944 Lucie Rommel's 50th Birthday
  1944 Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., earns a Medal of Honor on Utah Beach
  1944 US Army & Navy set October 1945 for landings in the Japanese Home islands
  1944 Waffen-SS murders Canadian prisoners at Normandy
  1945 Marines on Okinawa capture Naha airfield
  1949 George Orwell's "1984" published
  1966 Army veteran James Meredith wounded by white sniper in Mississippi
  1982 30,000 Israeli troops invade Lebanon to drive out PLO
  1985 Body of Nazi criminal Josef Mengele located in Paraguay
7 417 BC Desecration of the Herms at Athens
  1099 The First Crusade arrives at Jerusalem
  1416 Battle of Sant'Egidio: The Bracceschi defeat the Malatesti
  1424 Battle of Malesov: Jan Ziska defeats the Ultraist Hussites
  1451 Unsuccessful coup at Bologna by the Canetoli against the Bentivogli
  1494 Treaty of Tordesillas: America divided between Spain and Portugal
  1498 Columbus begins his third voyage
  1508 Pisa surrenders to the Florentine Republic
  1546 Peace of Ardres: ends Anglo-French War (1544-46), favorably for England
  1586 Sir Francis Drake sacks and burns St. Augustine, Florida
  1629 Peace of Lubeck: between HRE Ferdinand II & Christian IV
  1654 Louis XIV becomes King of France
  1672 Battle of Solebay: Dutch Admiral Michael de Ruyter trounces the English
  1775 United Colonies change their name to the United States
  1776 British defeat the Americans at Trois Rivers, Canada
  1776 Richard Lee moves the Declaration of Independence in Congress
  1780 Anti-Catholic riots in London, hundreds die
  1799 First Battle of Zurich, Day 4: Austrians defeat the French
  1862 Skirmish at Union Church, VA
  1863 Battle of Milliken's Bend: Black recruits beat off Rebel veterans
  1863 The French capture Mexico City
  1866 Battle of Pigeon Hill, Que: Canadians defeat Fenians, who retreat to the US (see May 31)
  1880 Chileans capture Arica from the Peruvians by storm
  1898 Marines and Spanish troops skirmish near Guantanamo Bay
  1905 Norway declares independence from Sweden, which acquiesces
  1912 US Army Air service tests an airplane-mounted machine gun
  1916 Germans capture Fort Vaux, Verdun
  1917 Liverpool: first American troops reach Europe
  1929 Italo-Papal Lateran Treaty establishes the sovereign "State of the Vatican City"
  1940 British and French troops evacuate Narvik, Norway
  1942 Germany Army captures Sebastopol
  1942 Japanese troops land on Attu in the Aleutians.
  1942 Midway Campaign ends: Yorktown goes down
  1943 Guadalcanal: Japanese air raid, lose 23 a/c vs 9 Allied.
  1944 British 50th division liberates Bayeux
  1944 Burma: Chinese on the Salween reach Lung-ling.
  1958 Fighting breaks out between Turks and Greeks on Cyprus
  1962 NASA civilian test pilot Joseph Walker takes X-15 to 31,580 m
  1971 Soviet Soyuz 11 crew completes 1st transfer to orbiting Salyut
  1981 Israeli air strikes destroy Iraqi nuclear weapons facilities
8 65 Jewish Zealots storm the Fortress Antonia in Jerusalem, initiating the great rebellion against Rome
  218 Battle of Antioch: Legio III Gallica defeats Macrinus to make Elagabalus Roman Emperor
  452 Attila and the Huns invade northern Italy
  793 The Vikings raid Northumbria
  1783 Eruption of Mt. Laki, Iceland, c. 9,350 die
  1815 Germanic Confederation formed by 39 states
  1830 USS Vincennes becomes the first U.S. warship to circle the globe
  1853 Commo Matthew C Perry arrives in Japan
  1859 Combat of the Malegnano: French defeat the Austrians
  1859 Triumphal entry of Victor Emanuel II & Napoleon III into Milan
  1861 Lincoln approves formation of the US Sanitary Commission
  1862 Valley Campaign: Battle of Cross Keys, Virginia
  1880 Office of Judge Advocate General of the Navy established
  1904 Marines landed at Tangiers to protect U.S. citizens.
  1915 SecState William Jennings Bryan resigns to protest "excessive" US response to the Lusitania sinking
  1929 Venezuelan nationalist Rafael Urbina captures Fort Amsterdam, Curacao
  1941 British and Free French invade Vichyite Syria
  1942 MacArthur urges an offensive in the Solomons
  1943 Internal explosion destroys BB Mutsu, Hiroshima harbor
  1944 Tokyo Express is turned back from Biak, losing one destroyer.
  1948 John Rudder becomes the first black Marine officer
  1959 X-15 makes 1st unpowered flight, from a B-52 at 11,500 m
  1960 Argentine government demands Israel release of Adolf Eichmann
  1965 US troops ordered to fight offensively in Vietnam
  1967 Israeli air and naval forces attack USS Liberty, 34 Americans die
  1986 Former Nazi Kurt Waldheim elected Pres of Austria
  1995 Marines rescue USAF Capt Scott O'Grady in Bosnia
9 53 BC Battle of Carrhae: Crassus is crushed by the Parthians
  721 Battle of Toulouse: Duke Odo of Aquitaine defeats the Moors
  922 Robert I becomes King of France
  1042 Edward the Confessor ascends the throne of England
  1064 King Ferdinand I of Castille liberates Coimbra from the Moors
  1075 Battle of Homburg: Henry VII of France defeats the Saxons
  1358 Battle of Meaux: The Captal de Buch & Gaston Phoebus defeat the "Jacquerie" peasants
  1742 Battle of Bloody Marsh: Spanish assault on Simons Island, Ga
  1775 Continental Congress enacts the first American "Articles of War"
  1778 British evacuate Philadelphia
  1800 Battle of Montebello: French defeat the Austrians
  1862 Valley Campaign: Battle of Port Republic
  1863 Battle of Brandy Station; largest cavalry fight of the Civil War
  1863 Grant's Vicksburg Campaign: Battle of Grand Gulf, MS
  1864 Battle of Big Shanty, GA
  1864 Battle of Kenesaw Mountain/Pine Mt/Pine Knob/Golgotha, GA
  1864 US 1st Tenn Cav attacks buck naked across Chattahoochie R, Roswell, Ga
  1893 Ford's Theatre, housing War Department offices, collapses; 22 die, 65 injured
  1898 Battle of Cuzco Well, Guantanamo: Marines defeat Spanish
  1938 Chinese breach the Yellow River dykes to stop the Japanese advance, 840,000 die
  1940 French government flees Paris for Tours
  1940 German troops cross the Seine
  1940 Norway surrenders to Germany, King