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June Military History
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Born
| 1 | 1002 | Bruno of Eguisheim-Dagsburg - Pope St. Leo IX (1049-54) | | | 1637 | Fr. Jacques Marquette, French Jesuit missionary and explorer of North America, d. 1675 | | | 1780 | Karl von Clausewitz, d. 1830 | | | 1801 | Brigham Young, Mormon leader, d. 1877 | | | 1806 | John B. Floyd, crooked SecWar, inept Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863 | | | 1814 | Philip Kearney, Maj Gen, US, "The bravest man in the Union Army," kia 1862 | | | 1815 | Otto of Bavaria, first king of modern Greece (1832-1862), d. 1867 | | | 1825 | John Hunt Morgan, Brig Gen, C.S.A., irregular cavalryman, kia 1864 | | | 1831 | John Bell Hood, Gen, C.S.A., promoted above his level of competence, d. 1879 | | | 1844 | Galusha Pennypacker, a Brig Gen, U.S., before he was 21, d. 1916 | | | 1878 | John Masefield, poet, sailor ("Sea Fever"), volunteer frontline medic in WW I, d. 1967 | | 2 | 1491 | King Henry VIII of England (1509-47) | | | 1624 | King Jan II Sobieski of Poland (1674-96), savior of Vienna, 1683 | | | 1740 | Donatien Alphonse François de Sade, the Marquis de Sade, sometime colonel of dragoons, full time weirdo, d. 1814 | | | 1761 | Henry Shrapnel, inventor, d. 1842 | | | 1831 | Benjamin Hardin Helm, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863 | | | 1835 | Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto - Pope St. Pius X (1903-14) | | | 1930 | Charles "Pete" Conrad Jr, USN, astronaut | | | 1940 | King Constantine II of Greece (1964-1973, deposed), | | 3 | 1736 | Sir John Francis Edward Acton, 6th Baronet Acton, Tuscan admiral, Neapolitan minister, d. 1811 | | | 1808 | Jefferson Finis Davis, USMA graduate, SecWar, Confederate Prez, d. 1889 | | | 1815 | Martin Edward Green, Brig Gen, C.S.A., KIA 1863 | | | 1824 | Charles Kinnaird Graham, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895 | | | 1831 | Otho French Strahl, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1864 | | | 1843 | King Frederick VIII of Denmark (1906-12) | | | 1865 | King George V of Great Britain (1910-36), naval officer | | | 1904 | Dr Charles Drew, developed blood plasma preservation, d. 1950 | | | 1906 | Josephine Baker, entertainer, resistance fighter, d.1975 | | | 1925 | Bernard Schwartz - Tony Curtis, submariner, actor ("Operation Petticoat") | | 4 | 1738 | King George III of Great Britain & Hanover (1760-1820) | | | 1803 | Gabriel James Rains, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1881 | | | 1815 | Paul Jones Semmes, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863 | | | 1816 | Philippe Regis Denis de Keredern de Trobriand, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897 | | | 1828 | Alexander William Campbell, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1833 | Sir Garnet Wolseley, "the very model of a modern major general," d. 1913 | | | 1867 | Carl Gustaf von Mannerheim, marshal, President of Finland (1944-46), d. 1951 | | | 1895 | Dino Grandi, Mussolini's henchman, d. 1988 | | | 1910 | Christopher Cockerell, inventor of the hovercraft, d. 1999 | | | 1922 | Samuel L. Gravely, Jr., first black American admiral, d. 2002 | | 5 | 468 | Socrates, stonecutter, hoplite, philosopher, hemlocked, 405 BC | | | 1455 | François Villon, "Ballard lord and thief," disappears 1463 | | | 1664 | Sultan Mustafa II of Turkey (1695-1703) | | | 1771 | King Ernst August of Hanover (1837-51) | | | 1827 | Beverly Holcombe Robertson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 190 | | | 1831 | Marcus Joseph Wright, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1922 | | | 1878 | Doroteo "Pancho Villa" Arango, Mexican revolutionary, k. 1923 | | | 1899 | Federico Garcia Lorca, poet, murdered 1936 | | | 1920 | Cornelius Ryan, war correspondent, historian ("The Longest Day"), d. 1974 | | 6 | 1502 | King Jao III of Portugal (1521-57) | | | 1620 | Peter Zrinyi, Hungarian military genius. D. 1620 | | | 1755 | Nathan Hale, hanged by the British, 1776 | | | 1756 | John Trumbull, soldier, artist ("The Signing of the Declaration of Independence"), d. 1843 | | | 1778 | George "Beau" Brummel, sometime soldier, full time dandy, d. 1840 | | | 1829 | John Baillie McIntosh, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1888 | | | 1840 | William Francis Bartlett, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1876 | | | 1891 | Erich "Panzer" Marcks, German general, kia 1944 | | | 1894 | Lucie Maria Mollin, later Mrs. Erwin Rommel (see 1944) | | | 1896 | Henry Allingham, last surviving Jutland veteran & last original member of the RAF, d. 2009, at the time the oldest man in the world | | | 1896 | Italo Balbo, Fascist aviator, k. 1940 | | | 1901 | Achmed Sukarno, dictator of Indonesia (1945-67), d. 1970 | | | 1906 | Prince Junio Valerio Scipione Borghese, Fascist condottiero, d. 1974 | | | 1916 | Robert Strange McNamara | | | 1934 | King Albert II of the Belgians (1993-) | | 7 | 1502 | King Jao III “the Pious” of Portugal (1521-57) | | | 1812 | Theophilus Toulmin Garrard, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1902 | | | 1840 | Carlota of Saxe-Coburg, sometime Empress of Mexico (1864-67), d. 1927 | | 8 | 1806 | Gideon Pillow, Maj Gen, USV, Mexico, Brig Gen, CSA, inept in either service, d. 1878 | | | 1813 | David Dixon Porter, the second Admiral, d. 1891 | | | 1821 | John Dunlap Stevenson, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897 | | | 1824 | William Montgomery Gardner, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901 | | | 1921 | Suharto, President/Dictator of Indonesia (1967-1998), d. 2008 | | | 1937 | Bruce McCandless II, USN, astronaut (STS 41B, STS-31) | | 9 | 1640 | Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I (1655-1705) | | | 1672 | Tsar Peter I "the Great" (1682-1725) | | | 1797 | Shamyl, Chechen national hero, Imam of Dagestan and Chechnya (1834-1859), d. 1871 | | | 1833 | John Rogers Cooke, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1891 | | | 1851 | Charles J. Bonaparte, Imperial grand-nephew, US SecNav, d. 1921 | | | 1854 | Jennie Jerome, in Brooklyn, Winston Churchill's Momma, d. 1921 | | | 1898 | Curzio Malaparte [Kurt Erich Suckert], captain of Alipini, fascist author, d. 1957 | | 10 | 1613 | Johan Georg II of Saxony (1656-80) | | | 1688 | James Francis Edward Stuart, aka “The Baby in the Bedwarmer”, "The Old Pretender," "King James III of England and Ireland & James VIII of Scotland" (1701-1766). d. 1766 | | | 1735 | John Morgan, physician-in-chief of Continental Army, co-founder of the University of Pennsylvania Medical School, d. 1789 | | | 1835 | Grand Duke Ferdinand IV of Tuscany (1859–1860), d. 1908 | | | 1840 | Thomas Fentress Toon, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1902 | | | 1899 | Raoul Salan, French war hero, putschist, d. 1984 | | | 1921 | Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, sometime naval officer | | | 1929 | James McDivitt, USAF, astronaut (Gemini 4, Apollo 9) | | 11 | 1403 | Duke Jan IV of Brabant and Limburg (1415-1427) | | | 1519 | Grand Duke Cosimo I de'Medici of Florence (1537-1574), son of Giovanni degli Bande Neri | | | 1807 | James Findlay Schenck, naval officer, U.S., d. 1882 | | | 1808 | Charles Henry Poor, naval officer, U.S., d. 1882 | | | 1816 | Robert Huston Milroy, inept Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1890 | | | 1822 | Samuel Davis Sturgis, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1889 | | | 1823 | James Lawson Kemper, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1895 | | | 1895 | Nikolai A Bulganin, premier of the USSR (1955-58) | | | 1910 | Jacques Cousteau, naval officer, explorer, Vichyite, d. 1997 | | | 1920 | King Mahendra of Nepal (1955-1972) | | | 1930 | Charles B Rangel, sometime Marine, Member of Congress | | 12 | 1519 | Duke Cosimo I de' Medici of Florence (1569-1574) | | | 1795 | John Marston Jr, naval officer, U.S., d. 1885 | | | 1798 | Samuel Cooper, Gen, C.S.A., d. 1876 | | | 1821 | Henry Moses Judah, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1866 | | | 1825 | John Cook, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1910 | | | 1877 | Thomas C Hart, Admiral, who knew what "war warning" meant, d. 1917 | | | 1908 | Otto Skorzeny, Hitler's commando, d. 1975 | | | 1929 | Anne Frank, d. 1945 | | 13 | 0 | Minerva, Roman goddess of wisdom and war | | | 40 | Caius Julius Agricola, Roman general, conqueror of the Iceni, d. 93 | | | 823 | King Charles II of France (843-77), Holy Roman Emperor (875-77) | | | 839 | Charles III "the Fat," King of East Francia (882-888), of West Francia (884-888), etc., depsoed 839, died a few weeks later | | | 1786 | Winfield "Old Fuss and Feathers" Scott, d. 1866 | | | 1809 | Philip St George Cooke, Brig. Gen., U.S., d. 1895 | | | 1821 | Gustavus Vasa Fox, greatest Asst SecNavy, d. 1883 | | | 1823 | Gustave Paul Cluseret, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1900 | | | 1825 | Benjamin Jefferson Hill, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1880 | | | 1924 | George Herbert Walker Bush, naval aviator, President (1989-1993) | | 14 | 1529 | Archduke Ferdinand von Hapsburg of Tirol, d. 1595 | | | 1805 | Robert Anderson, Maj Gen, U.S., Hero of Ft. Sumter, d. 1871 | | | 1811 | Harriet Beecher Stowe, author ("Uncle Tom's Cabin"), d. 1896 | | | 1836 | Thomas Wilberforce Egan, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1887 | | | 1928 | Ernesto "Che" Guevara Serna, professional revolutionary, executed 1967 | | 15 | 1330 | Edward, "the Black Prince," Prince of Wales (1343-1376) | | | 1833 | Edward McCook, Brig Gen, U.S., of the "fighting McCooks," d. 1909 | | | 1882 | Ion Victor Antonescu, Dictator of Romania (1940-1944), executed 1946. | | | 1914 | Yuri Andropov, Chekist (1967-1982), Head of the CPUSSR (1982-1984) | | | 1927 | Jay Luvass, historian (The Military Legacy of the Civil War: The European Inheritance), c. 2009 | | 16 | 1239 | Edward I of England (1272-1307) | | | 1742 | William Hooper, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1790 | | | 1836 | Wesley Merritt, Civil & Spanish War commander, d. 1910 | | | 1837 | Eli Long, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1903 | | | 1858 | King Gustav V of Sweden (1907-1950) | | | 1914 | John Hershey, war correspondent ("Hiroshima", "A Bell for Adano"), d. 1993 | | 17 | 1604 | John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, inventor of the modern army, d. 1679 | | | 1682 | King Charles XII of Sweden (1697-1718), boy wonder commander, kia 1718 | | | 1817 | Thomas Maley Harris, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1906 | | | 1823 | John Henry Hobart Ward, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1903 | | | 1830 | Richard Montgomery Gano, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1913 | | | 1895 | Harry Patch, who would become Britain’s last surviving veteran of the trenches, d. 2009 | | | 1921 | William R. Anderson, who took the Nautilus to 90-North, d. 2007 | | 18 | 1809 | Sylvanus William Godon, naval officer, U.S., d. 1879 | | | 1839 | William Henry Seward Jr, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1920 | | | 1868 | Adm Miklos Horthy von Nagybanya, Regent of Hungary (1920-44), d. 1957 | | | 1877 | James Montgomery Flagg, illustrator ("Uncle Sam wants you!"), d. 1960 | | | 1884 | Edouard Daladier, premier France, appeaser, d. 1970 | | | 1937 | Vitali M Zholobov, cosmonaut (Soyuz 21) | | 19 | 1417 | Sigismondo Malatesta, Lord of Rimini (1432-1468), condottiero, d. 1468 | | | 1556 | King James VI of Scotland (1567-1625)/I of England (1603-25) | | | 1764 | Jose Gervasio Artigas, general and father of Uruguay, d. 1850 | | | 1811 | Henry Prince, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892 | | | 1856 | Elbert Hubbard, author ("A Message to Garcia"), d. 1915 | | | 1933 | Viktor I Patsayev, USSR, cosmonaut (Soyuz 11) | | 20 | 1469 | Gian Galeazzo II Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan (1476-1494), d. 1494 | | | 1566 | King Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1587-1632), King of Sweden (1592-1599), d. 1632 | | | 1634 | Duke Charles Emanuel II Savoy (1638-75) | | | 1647 | Johan Georg III of Saxony (1680-91) | | | 1823 | Jesse Lee Reno, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1862 | | | 1824 | John Tyler Morgan, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1907 | | | 1899 | Jean Moulin, hero of the French Resistance, executed 1943 | | | 1909 | Errol Flynn, actor ("Objective Burma"), d. 1959 | | | 1924 | Audie Murphy, d. 1971 | | 21 | 1002 | Bruno of Egesheim - Pope St. Leo IX (1049-1054) | | | 1596 | Tsar Michael Theodorovich (1613-45), the first Romanov | | | 1736 | Enoch Poor, Continental brigadier, d. 1780 | | | 1817 | James Brewerton Ricketts, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1887 | | | 1818 | Duke Ernst II of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1844-93), composer | | | 1818 | Joseph Abel Haskin, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1874 | | | 1823 | Edward Elmer Potter, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1889 | | | 1839 | John Decatur Barry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1867 | | | 1851 | Daniel Carter Beard, first American Boy Scout leader, d. 1941 | | | 1905 | Jean-Paul Sartre, Existentialistic Vichyite Nazi collaborator & Communist apologist, d. 1980 | | | 1982 | Prince William of the United Kingdom | | 22 | 1478 | Philip the Fair, Archduke of Austria, Count of Flanders (1482-1506) titular King of Spain (1504-1506) husband to Juana la Loca, Queen of Spain | | | 1805 | Giuseppe Mazzini, "The Soul of Italian Unification", d. 1872 | | | 1856 | H. Rider Haggard, author ("King Solomon's Mines," etc), d. 1925 | | | 1858 | Giacomo Puccini, composer ("Madama Butterfly"), d. 1924 | | | 1898 | Erich Maria Remarque, Frontsoldat, novelist ("All Quiet on the Western Front"), d. 1970 | | | 1922 | Bill Blass, ETO deception specialist, fashion designer, d. 2002 | | 23 | 47 | Ptolemy XV Caesarion, son of Cleopatra & Caesar, executed 30 BC | | | 1534 | Oda Nobunaga, Japanese warlord, d. 1582 | | | 1763 | Josephine Beauharnais Bonaparte, Empress of the French (1804-10), d. 1814 | | | 1801 | Daniel Smith Donelson, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863 | | | 1822 | Young Marshall Moody, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1866 | | | 1838 | Edwin Henry Stoughton, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1868 | | | 1842 | Edouard Manet, impressionist ("The Battle of the Kearsarge and Alabama"), d. 1883 | | | 1894 | Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David, sometime King Edward the VIII (Jan 20 – Dec 11, 1936), The Duke of Windsor (1837-1972) | | | 1912 | Alan Turing, mathematician, cryptologist, d. 1954 | | | 1917 | Peter Brunt, historian ("Italian Manpower, 225 BC - AD 14", d. 2005. | | | 1921 | Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg (1964-), last absolute monarch in Europe | | 24 | 1244 | Count Henrich I "the Child" of Hesse (1256-1308) | | | 1771 | Éleuthère Irénée du Pont de Nemours, gunpowder manufacturer, d. 1834 | | | 1820 | Henry Rootes Jackson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1898 | | | 1822 | Birkett Davenport Fry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1891 | | | 1832 | Edward Harland, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1915 | | | 1842 | Ambrose Bierce, veteran, satirist ("Devil's Dictionary"), vanished 1914 | | | 1850 | Horatio Herbert Kitchener, soldier, kia 1916. | | | 1939 | Henry Lawrence Garett III, SecNav (1989-92) | | 25 | 1373 | Queen Giovanna II of Naples (1414-35) | | | 1796 | Tsar Nicholas I of Russia (1825-1855) | | | 1813 | William Hugh Keim, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1862 | | | 1823 | James Dunwody Bulloch, naval officer, C.S.N., d. 1901 | | | 1886 | General of the Air Force Henry "Hap" Arnold, d. 1950 | | | 1900 | Admiral of the Fleet Lord Louis Mountbatten of Burma, murdered 1979 | | | 1903 | Eric Blair [George Orwell], author ("Homage to Catalonia"), d. 1950 | | 26 | 1742 | Arthur Middleton, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1787 | | | 1819 | Abner Doubleday, Maj. Gen, U.S., who didn't invent baseball, d. 1893 | | | 1837 | Martin Davis Hardin II, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1923 | | | 1837 | Victor Jean Baptiste Girardey, Brig Gen, C.S.A., kia 1864 | | | 1865 | Bernard Berenson, Fascist-friendly art critic, d 1959 | | | 1898 | Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft designer, d. 1978 | | 27 | 1462 | King Louis XII "the Just" of France(1498-1515) | | | 1550 | King Charles IX of France (1560-74) | | | 1828 | Junius Daniel, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1864 | | | 1846 | Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish nationalist, d. 1891 | | | 1869 | Emma Goldman, Anarchist, the first leftist to blow the whistle on the Soviet Union, d. 1940 | | | 1872 | Paul Lawrence Dunbar, poet ("The Unsung Heroes"), d. 1906 | | | 1898 | Lewis "Chesty" Puller, Marine, d. 1971 | | 28 | 1476 | Giovanni Pietro Caraffa - Pope Paul IV (1555-1559) | | | 1491 | King Henry VIII (1509-1547) | | | 1742 | William Hooper, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1790 | | | 1902 | Richard Rodgers, composer ("Victory at Sea"), d. 1979 | | | 1926 | Melvin Kaminsky, in Brooklyn, combat engineer, WW II -- Mel Brooks [i.e., “Mel from Brooklyn”] | | 29 | 1397 | King Juan II of Aragon (1458–1479), titular King of Navarre (1425–1479) | | | 1475 | Beatrice d'Este Sforza, wife to Duke Ludovico "Il Moro" Sforza of Milan, d. 1497 | | | 1831 | William Thomas Clark, Brig Gen, d. 1905 | | | 1858 | George Washington Goethals, military engineer (Panama Canal), d. 1928 | | | 1880 | Ludwig Beck, Chief, German general staff , inept anti-Nazi, suicide in 1944 | | | 1900 | Antoine Saint-Euxpery, aviator, resistance fighter, author ("The Little Prince"), d. 1943 | | | 1911 | Bernard von Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince of the Netherlands, Hero of the Resistance, d. 2004 | | 30 | 1470 | Charles VIII of France (1483-98) | | | 1503 | Johan Frederik of Saxony (1532-47) | | | 1837 | Stephen D Ramseur, Maj Gen, C.S.A., kia 1864 | | | 1894 | Gavrilo Princip, assassin, d. 1918 |
Died
| 1 | 1191 | Philip of Alsace, Count of Flanders (c. 1168-1191), c. 48 | | | 1434 | Ladislaus II/Wladyslaw II Jagiello, Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377-1434) and King of Poland (1388-1434), at c. 85 | | | 1668 | Mary Barrett Dyer, c. 50, hanged in Boston for Quakerism | | | 1815 | Louis Alexandre Berthier, Napoleon’s chief-of-staff, suicide, 62 | | | 1823 | Louis Nicholas Davout, Marshal of France, at 53 | | | 1868 | James Buchanan, veteran, president (1857-1861), at 77 | | | 1879 | Prince Imperial Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, 22, slain by the Zulu | | | 1946 | Ion Antonescu, Dictator of Romania (1940-1944), executed at 63 | | | 1981 | Carl Vinson, father of the "Two Ocean Navy," at 97 | | | 1983 | Prince Charles of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Count of Flanders, Prince-Regent of Belgium, 1944-1950, at 79 | | | 1987 | Rashid Karami, 66, PM of Lebanon, by a bomb | | | 2004 | William Manchester, marine, historian ("Goodbye Darkness"), at 82 | | 2 | 193 | Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor for a little while (May 28-Jun 1 193), executed | | | 261 | King Antiochos I Soter of Syria (281-261 BC). | | | 657 | Pope St. Eugene I (654-657) | | | 1520 | Giampaolo I Baglioni, Lord of Perugia (1500-1520), condottiero, beheaded at c. 50 in the Sant'Angelo | | | 1572 | Thomas, 4th Duke of Norfolk (1554 -1572) and 1st Earl of Southampton., executed in the Tower of London at 36 | | | 1581 | James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton (1553-1581), sometime Regent of Scotland, beheaded at Edinburgh, at c. 56 | | | 1632 | Count Ernst Casimir of Nassau-Dietz, at 58 | | | 1876 | Khristo Botev, 28, Bulgarian soldier-poet, kia | | | 1882 | Giuseppe Garibaldi, seriously heroic type hero, at 74 | | | 1943 | Leslie Howard, 50, actor (GWTW), when the Nazis down a Dutch airliner over the Bay of Biscay | | | 2001 | King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal (1972-2001), 55, and seven other royals, shot by Prince Dipendra, who mortally wounds himself in the process, but becomes king anyway | | 3 | 1665 | Jacob, Banner Lord of Wassenaer, Lord of Obdam, Hensbroek, Spanbroek, Opmeer, Zuidwijk, and Kernhem, Dutch Admiral, c. 55, with many others when his flagship blows up in the Battle of Lowestoft | | | 1799 | Louis Nicolas Hyacinthe Chérin, French general, kia at 37 | | | 1928 | Chang Tsolin - Zhing Zuòlín, "the Old Marshal," c. 65, sometime President of China, warlord of Manchuria, bomb set by Japanese agents | | | 1963 | Pope John XXIII, 1958-63, sometime Sgt Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, Italian Royal Army, at 81 | | | 1970 | Hjalmar Schacht, Hitler's banker, at 92 | | | 2003 | Gregory Peck, actor ("Captain Horatio Hornblower"), at 84 | | 4 | 1039 | King Konrad II of Germany (1024-39), c. 49 | | | 1316 | King Louis X of France (1314-16), at c. 26 | | | 1792 | John Burgoyne, who was a better playwright than soldier, 70 | | | 1798 | Giacomo Casanova, sometime soldier, racy memoirist, 73 | | | 1813 | James "Don't give up the ship!" Lawrence, kia, USS Chesapeake, at 31 | | | 1825 | King Ferdinand I "the Nose" of the Two Sicilies (1759-1825, off and on), at 74 | | | 1941 | Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany (1888-1918), in exile at 81 | | | 1942 | Reinhard Heydrich, 38, Himmler's henchman, assassinated | | | 1942 | Torpedo 8 | | | 1989 | Ayatalloh Ruhullah Khomeini, evil high priest, at 86 | | | 2001 | King Dipendra Bir Bikram Shah of Nepal (June 1-4, 2001), 30, lingering effects of a self-inflicted gunshot wound, three days after wiping out most of the royal family | | 5 | 754 | Caliph Abu'l Abbas As-Saffah of Baghdad (750-754), at c. 33, the first Abbasid | | | 1288 | Count Hendrik VI of Luxembourg (1281-88), kia,c. 48 | | | 1568 | The Counts Lamoral of Egmont, 43, and Philip de Montmorency of Hoorn, c. 44, Dutch patriots, beheaded by the Duke of Alba | | | 1637 | 500 Pequot Indians, killed at Mystic, Connecticut, by the colonists | | | 1900 | Stephen Crane, war correspondent, author ("The Red Badge of Courage"), d. 1900 | | | 1916 | Horatio H Kitchener, 65, drowned with several hundred others when HMS Hampshire is torpedoed | | | 1919 | Eugen Leviné, head of the Bavarian Soviet Republic (Apr 12-May 3, 1919), executed at 33 | | | 1942 | RADM Tamon Yamaguchi, IJN, CO 2nd Carrier Division, going down with the Hiryu at 49 | | | 2004 | Ronald Reagan, sometime soldier, actor (Bedtime for Bonzo), President (1981-1989), d. 2004 | | 6 | 1326 | Pandolfo I Malatesta, Lord of Rimini (1317-1326), condottiero, at c. 60 | | | 1491 | Bertoldo degli Oddi and Fabrizio degli Oddi, kia against the Baglioni, who then execute Costantino de' Ranieri, in Perugia | | | 1533 | Ludovico Giovanni Ariosto, epic poet ("Orlando Furioso"), at 58 | | | 1704 | Menno van Coehoorn, fortification engineer - the "Dutch Vauban," at c. 62 | | | 1762 | Admiral George Anson, 1st Baron Anson, at 64 | | | 1861 | Camillo Benso conte di Cavour, the "Brain" of Italian unification, at 51 | | | 1862 | Turner Ashby, Confederate cavalryman, KIA near Harrisonburg, VA, at 33 | | | 1865 | William Quantrill, 37, Rebel raider, shot in the back escaping a Union patrol | | | 1916 | Yuan Shikai, Provisional President of the Republic of China(1912-1915), Emperor (Dec 12, 1915-March 23, 1916), at 56 | | | 1968 | Robert F Kennedy, 42, sometime sailor, assassinated | | | 1968 | Sir Miles Dempsey, Commander, Canadian First Army, on D-Day + 24 years, at 69 | | 7 | 555 | Pope Vigilus (537-555) | | | 1329 | King Robert Bruce of Scotland (1306-29), at 53 | | | 1492 | King Kasimir IV King of Poland (1447-92), at 64 | | | 1631 | Mumtaz Mahal, 38, Mrs. Shah Jahan, who built the Taj Mahal for her | | | 1701 | Prince Ferdinand of Wurttemberg-Neustadt, at 41 | | | 1840 | King Frederik Willem III of Prussia (1797-1840), at 69 | | | 1862 | James J. Andrews, c. 32, civilian US Army scout, who hijakced the locomotive "The General," hanged at Atlanta by the Confederacy | | | 1862 | William Mumford, hanged at New Orleans by Ben Butler for desecrating the American flag | | | 1998 | James Byrd Jr., 49, black American, murdered by white supremacists in Jasper, Texas | | 8 | 632 | Mohammed, c. 62 | | | 1042 | King Hardicanute of Denmark (1035-1042) and England (1040-1042), c. 24. | | | 1376 | Edward "the Black Prince," son of Edward III, at 46 | | | 1502 | Francesco Troccio, treasonous Secretary to Pope Alexander VI, strangled by Michellotto Coreglia, on orders of Cesare Borgia. | | | 1503 | Giacamo da Santa Croce, agent of Cesare Borgia, murdered by his master | | | 1747 | Kouli Khan - "Shah Nadir" - usurper of the Persian throne (1736–47) and founder of the Afsharid dynasty, murdered, either 60 or 70 | | | 1809 | Thomas Paine, Patriot, 68 | | | 1845 | Andrew Jackson, soldier and president (1828-37), at 78 | | | 1871 | Satanta, c. 58, Kiowa war chief, suicide by jumping out a window, possibly assisted by arresting troops | | | 1874 | Chief Cochise of the Chiricahua, at c. 60 | | | 1998 | Sani Abacha, 58, Nigerian Dicator/President (1993-1998) after a "bout" with three prostitutes | | 9 | 62 | Claudia Octavia, c. 22, daughter of Claudius, murdered by her husband, Nero | | | 68 | Nero, 30, Roman emperor (54-68), suicide | | | 630 | King Shahrbaraz of Persia (Apr 27-Jun 9, 630), murdered | | | 1290 | Beatrice di Folco Portinari, c.34, Dante's beloved, tour guide | | | 1502 | Astorgio III Manfredi, Sovereign Lord and Papal Vicar of Faenza, 17, and his brother Gianevangelista Manfredi, Castellan of Faenza, c. 14, strangled in the Sant'Angelo by the order of Cesare Borgia | | | 1746 | Pope Gregory XVI - Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari (1730-1746), at 80 | | | 1825 | Pauline Bonaparte, sister of Napoleon, model for Canova, 44 | | | 1863 | Confederate Col. William Orton Williams and his cousin Lt. Walter G. Peter, kinsmen of Mary Custis Lee, hanged after being arrested the previous day in U.S Army uniforms behind Union lines near Franklin, Tennessee, their court martial sentences having been confirmed by Brigadier General James A. Garfield. | | 10 | 1190 | Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa (1155-1190), drowned in the Saleph River on Crusade, at c. 68 | | | 1580 | Luís Vaz de Camões, Portuguese soldier and epic poet, c. 56 | | | 1860 | Thomas Sidney Jessup, QM General of the US Army (1818-1860), at 71 | | | 1861 | Lt. J. T. Greble, 2nd Art, 1st RA officer KIA in the Civil War, Big Bethel | | | 1868 | Mihailo (Michael) Obrenovic III, Prince of Serbia (1839–1842 & 1860–1868), 42, murdered | | | 1924 | Giacomo Matteotti, 39, Italian socialist, assassinated by fascists | | | 1941 | Marcus Garvey, fascistic black nationalist leader, at 52 | | 11 | 90 | Roman Consul P. Rutilius Rufus, kia | | | 1216 | Henry of Flanders, Latin Emperor of Constantinople (1206-16), c. 42 | | | 1488 | King James III of Scots (1460-1488), 36, killed fighting rebellious nobles in the Battle of Sauchieburn | | | 1512 | Giulio Cesare Malvizzi, Patrician of Bologna, Captain of the Holy Church, murdered. | | | 1557 | King Jao III “the Pious” of Portugal (1521-57), at 55 | | | 1610 | Cornelis Evertsen the Elder, 55, Admiral of Zeeland, lynched in Brielle | | | 1727 | George I, Elector of Hanover (1708-1727), King of England (1714-1727), at 67 | | | 1936 | Robert E. Howard, author ("Conan"), suicide at 30 | | | 1948 | Col. David "Mickey" Marcus, 47, Boys’ High, USMA 1924; first General of Israel in 2000 years, accidentally shot | | | 1960 | Commo Dudley W. Knox, 82, naval officer, historian, & theoretician | | | 1963 | Quang Duc, c. 66, Buddhist monk, self-immolation in Saigon | | | 1979 | Marion Mitchell Morrison - John Wayne, 72, IV-F actor ("Sands of Iwo Jima", "Fighting SeaBees") | | | 2001 | Timothy McVeigh, 33, executed for the Murrah Federal Building bombing | | 12 | 1675 | Duke Charles Emanuel II of Savoy (1638-75), at 40 | | | 1734 | James FitzJames, 63, First Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed, illegitimate son of James II & Arabella Churchill, Marshal of France, decapitated by a cannon ball at the siege of Philipsburg | | | 1946 | Count Hisaichi Terauchi, Japanese field marshal, at 66 | | | 1963 | Medgar Evers, veteran, slain at 37 by white supremacists, Jackson, Ms | | | 2002 | Bill Blass, ETO deception specialist, fashion designer, at 79 | | 13 | 323 | King Alexander III "the Great" of Macedon (336-323), noted drunkard, at 32 [or 21st] [Alt] | | | 1142 | Duke Godfried/Godfrey II (1139-1142) of Leuven, Brabant, and Lorraine, c. 32 | | | 1886 | King Ludwig II of Bavaria (184-1886), called "Mad," patron of Wagner, drowned under curious circumstances at 40 | | | 1905 | Theodoros Deligiannis, five time premier of Greece, murdered at 85 | | | 1993 | Donald "Deke" K Slayton, astronaut (Apollo 18), at 69 | | 14 | 1205 | Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice, Conqueror of Constantinople, over 90 | | | 1205 | Count Walter III of Brienne (1191–1205), Prince of Taranto, Duke of Apulia, Count of Lecce, and titular King of Sicily (1201–1205), d/w. | | | 1441 | Corrado III Trinci, Lord of Fogliano (1421-1439) | | | 1473 | Zaffira Manfredi, poisoned at c. 35 by her husband Pino II Ordelaffi, Lord of Forli. | | | 1497 | Giovanni Borgia, c. 23, The Duke of Gandia, assassinated, perhaps by his brother Cesare | | | 1609 | Giulia Orsini, Princess of Bisignano, poisoned | | | 1646 | Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé, French Admiral, kia, Ortebello at c. 25 | | | 1801 | Benedict Arnold V, American hero & traitor, in London at 60 | | | 1828 | Charles Augustus, Duke (1758-) and Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1815-1828), at 60 | | | 1864 | C.S. Lt Gen Leonidas Polk, 58, kia, Pine Mt, too late to help the Confederate war effort | | | 1937 | Mocker, 20, last surviing decorated American pigeon from the AEF, with the DSC and the Croix de guerre, at Ft. Monmouth | | 15 | 923 | Robert I, self-proclaimed King of France (June 3 29, 922-June 15, 923), kia at Soissons | | | 948 | Romanus I Lecapenus, c. 74, deposed Byzantine Emperor (919-44) | | | 1246 | Duke Frederick II "the Quarrelsome" or "the Warlike" of Austria (1230-1246), kia fighting the Hungarians at 35 | | | 1341 | Byzantine Emperor Andronicus III Paleologus (1328-41), 44 | | | 1381 | Wat Tyler, English peasant leader, beheaded at 40 in London | | | 1397 | Philip of Artois, The Count of Eu (1387-1397, in Turkish captivity at 39 | | | 1467 | Duke Philip III "the Good" of Burgundy (1419-1467), at 76 | | | 1785 | Francis Pilatre de Rosier, in a fall from a balloon, near Boulogne - first aviation fatality | | | 1794 | Emmanuel Marie Michel Philippe Fréteau Saint-Just, French radical, guillotined at Paris | | | 1849 | James K. Polk, militiaman, president (1845-1849), at 53 | | | 1888 | Kaiser Frederik III von Hohenzollern of Germany (Mar 9 - June 15, 1888), 56, cancer of the larynx, leaving Wilhelm II in charge | | | 1985 | Robert D. Stethem, USN, 24, murdered by Moslem hijackers of Flight 847 | | 16 | 956 | Duke Hugh "the Great" of the Franks and Count of Paris (c. 936-956), c. 58, father of the Capetians | | | 1216 | Pope Innocent III - Lotario de' Conti (1198-1216), 55 or 56 | | | 1443 | Annibale Marescotti, Gianluigi Marescotti, his brother, and Tideo Marescotti, their cousin, Bolognese Patricians, assassinated by Giovanni II Bentivoglio | | | 1487 | Edward de la Pole, the Earl of Lincoln, & Lord Lovell, kia fighting for the Pseudo-Edward VI | | | 1599 | Marcantonio Massimo, Roman Nobleman, Knight of Malta, decapitated at Rome for poisoning his brother Luca to claim his inheritance. | | | 1671 | Stenka Razin, Don Cossack hetman, tortured, at c. 40 | | | 1686 | King Hammurabi of Babylon (c. 2699-2686 BC), lawgiver, c. 45 | | | 1793 | Count Louis d'Affry, French general and diplomat | | | 1815 | Duke Frederick William of Brunswick (1806-1806, 1813-15), kia at Quatre Bras at 43 | | | 1916 | Eduard von Losch, German Imperial Guardsman, stepfather to Marlene Dietrich, d/w, the Eastern Front | | | 1933 | Chaim Arlosoroff, Zionist spokesman and childhood friend to Eva Braun, assassinated in Tel Aviv, at 33. | | | 1939 | Eugene Weidmann, 31, in the last public guillotining, Versailles | | | 1944 | Marc Bloch, historian, soldier, resistance fighter, murdered by the Nazis at 57 | | | 1958 | Imre Nagy, 62, former Hungarian Premier (1953–1955, 1956), hanged by the Soviets | | | 1977 | Wernher von Braun, Nazi rocket scientist (V1/V2), at 65 | | | 1979 | Gen. Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, former dictator of Ghana (1972-1978), executed | | 17 | 322 | –BC- Alexander the Great of Macedon (336-323), 32 [Alt] | | | 656 | ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan, the Third Caliph (644-656), c.77, hacked to death by rebels at Medina | | | 900 | Fulk "the Venerable" Archbishop of Rheims (882-900), murdered by Baldwin II, the Count of Flanders | | | 1091 | Count Dirk V of Frisia [Holland] (1061-1091), at c. 41. | | | 1245 | Alberigo Manfredi, Ghibelline leader in the Romagna, kia, San Lucia | | | 1501 | King Jan I Olbracht/John I Albert of Poland (1492-1501), 41 | | | 1578 | Paolo Burali d’Arezzo, c. 67, Royal Counsellor to Emperor Charles V and Auditor General of the Army of Naples, later Archibishop of Naples; beatified 1772. | | | 1696 | King Jan III Sobieski of Poland (1674-96), 86 | | | 1797 | Shah Aga Muhammad Khan Qajar of Persia (1794-1797), c. 56, the first Qajar, executed, after being castrated | | | 1815 | Rais Hammida, decapitated by a 32-pounder shot from the USS Torch while commanding the Algerian frigate Mashouda | | | 1905 | Maximo Gomez, Cuban revolutionary hero, at 68 | | | 1989 | S. David Griggs, 49, astronaut, crash of a WW II warbird | | 18 | 741 | Byzantine Emperor Leo III "the Isaurian" (717-741), c. 60, Savior of Constantinople, Iconoclast | | | 1291 | King Alfonso III of Aragon (1285-91), at 24 | | | 1629 | Piet Heyn, Dutch naval hero, kia against Dunkerque, 51. | | | 1815 | LtGen Sir Thomas Picton, kia Waterloo, 56 | | | 1824 | Archduke Ferdinand III of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany, 55 | | | 1862 | Sgt. Maj. Marion A. Ross (30), Pvt. Samuel Robertson (19), Sgt. John Morehead Scott (24), Pvt. Samuel Slavens (31), Pvt. George Davenport Wilson (32), Pvt. Charles Perry Shadrack (Phillip Gephart Shadrach)(22), and William Hunter Campbell (23), civilian, hanged at Atlanta by the Confederacy for their part in the hijacking of the locomotive "The General | | | 1916 | Helmuth Johann Ludwig von Moltke "the Younger", German chief of general staff, 67 | | | 1945 | Lt Gen Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr, Commander, Tenth Army, KIA, Okinawa, 58 | | | 1973 | Fredrick Fraske, last veteran of the frontier army, at 101 | | | 1974 | Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgi Zhukov, 78 | | 19 | 1312 | Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, “favorite” of Edward II, beheaded at c. 28 | | | 1867 | Maximilian, Archduke of Austria & Emperor of Mexico (35), MajGen Miguel Miramon (36), & MajGen Tomas Meija (46), firing squad | | | 1953 | The Rosenbergs, Julius (35) & Ethel (38), Soviet spies, executed at Sing Sing | | | 1989 | I. F. Stone, 81, Soviet-apologist and muckraker | | 20 | 1649 | Richard Brandon, who beheaded Charles I, of natural causes | | | 1837 | King William IV of England (1830-1837, 71, sometime naval officer | | | 1876 | Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, often president of Mexico, 82 | | | 1913 | Ens William D. Billingsley, 25, the first naval aviation fatality, crash of a Navy-Wright B-2, Annapolis | | | 1923 | "Pancho Villa" - Doroteo Arango, 55, assassinated | | 21 | 546 | Thales of Miletus, philosopher, scientist, at c. 70 | | | 1208 | King Philip of Germany (1198-1208), murdered at c. 41 by Otto of Wittelsbach, Count Palatine of Bavaria, whom he had rejected as a prospective son-in-law | | | 1377 | King Edward III of England (1327-77) | | | 1527 | Niccolo Machiavelli, 58 | | | 1582 | Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582), Japanese warlord, murdered at 47 | | | 1631 | Captain John Smith, of Virginia fame, c. 50 | | | 1862 | Col. Charles Ellet, US, of wounds received at Memphis, June 6th, 42 | | | 1970 | Achmed Sukarno, Indonesian dictator (1945-67), at 68 | | | 2003 | Leon Uris, marine, novelist ("Battle Cry"), 78 | | | 2006 | Sgt. 1st Class Jared C. Monti, 3rd Squadron, 71st Cavalry, kia, Afghanistan, earning a Medal of Honor | | 22 | 1101 | Count Roger I of Sicily (1071-1101), c. 70 | | | 1276 | Pope Bl. Innocent V - Peter of Tarentais (21 Jan-22 Jun 1276), c. 50 | | | 1522 | Sigismondo da Varano, 2nd Duke of Camerino (1521-1522), assassinated near Rome, by his uncle Giovanni Maria da Varano, who became the 3rd Duke | | | 1535 | Cardinal John Fisher, c. 65, beheaded on Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII | | | 1627 | Francois de Montmorency Bouteville, beheaded for dueling | | | 1634 | Johann Reichsgraf von Aldringen, Imperial Field Marshal, kia at Landshut, at c. 46 | | | 1922 | FM Henry H. Wilson, 58, fighting the IRA sword in hand | | | 1945 | Lt.Gen. Mitsuri Ushijima, 57, Commanding, 32nd Army, Okinawa, hara-kiri | | | 2001 | Bertie Felstead, Royal Welch Fusiliers, last known survivor of the Christmas Truce of 1915, at 106 | | 23 | 79 | Roman Emperor Vespasian (69-79), becoming a god at 69 | | | 840 | King Louis I "the Pious" King of Aquitaine (781-840) and Holy Roman Emperor (814-833, 834-840), at c. 62 | | | 2009 | Ed McMahon, Marine with 85 combat air missions, WW II & Korea, TV personality, at 86 | | 24 | 217 | Consul Gaius Flaminius Nepos, kia, Lake Trasimenus | | | 1295 | Lippoo Mannelii, in Siena by partisans of the Velluti family, in vendetta for a murder committed in 1267 | | | 1445 | Annibale I Bentivoglio, Lord of Bologna(1438-1445), assassinated while leaving church by Battista Canneschi, an agent of the Canetoli & Ghisiliere families, many of whom are promptly lynched by the populace | | | 1497 | Michael Joseph "An Gof - The Blacksmith" and Thomas Flamank, Cornish rebels, hanged in London | | | 1519 | Lucrezia Borgia d'Este, 39, bearing her 7th child | | 25 | 1212 | Simon de Montfort, leader of the Albigensian Crusade, at 67 | | | 1673 | Charles de Batz-Castelmore, le comte d'Artagnan, shot in the throat during the siege of Maastricht, at c. 62 | | | 1876 | Lame White Man and perhaps 50 other Indians, KIA | | | 1876 | Lt Col George A Custer (36), his brothers Thomas W (31) & Boston (27), his nephew Harry A Reed (18), his brother-in-law James Calhoun (30), black Quartermaster employee Isaiah Dorman (c. 55), & c. 250 other members of the 7th Cavalry, KIA | | | 1906 | Stanford White (52), archtiech, shot in Madison Square Garden by Harry K Thaw, husband of Evelyn Nesbit, his former mistress | | | 1997 | Jacques-Yves Cousteau, naval officer, explorer, Vichyite, at 87 | | 26 | 1402 | Giovanni I Bentivoglio, Lord of Bologna (1401-1402), kia against the Visconti, the Battle of Casalecchio. | | | 1541 | Francisco Pizarro González, 1st Marqués de los Atabillos, c. 60-65,, conquistador, sword in hand fighting his assassins, calling on Christ | | | 1757 | Maximilian Ulysses, Reichsgraf von Browne, Imperial Field Marshal, at 52, of wounds from the Battle of Prague, May 6th | | | 1830 | King George IV of Great Britain & Hanover (1820-1830), 67 | | | 1922 | Prince Albert I of Monaco (1889-1922), French naval officer, oceanographer, at 73 | | 27 | 363 | Roman Emperor Julian the Apostate (361-363), c. 31, kia | | | 992 | Conan I, Count of Rennes (958-992) & Duke of Brittran (990-992), at c. 65 | | | 1276 | King Jaime I of Aragon (1217-1276), at 68 | | | 1296 | Count Florian/Floris V of Holland and Zeeland (1256-1296), c. 42 | | | 1458 | Alfonso the Magnanimous, King Alfonso V of Aragon, III of Valencia, II of Majorca, Sardinia, and Corsica, IV of Sicily, and I of Naples, at c. 62 | | | 1638 | Patriarch Kyrillos Loukaris of Istanbul, strangled by Sultan Murad IV as a traitor, c. 66 | | | 1794 | Philippe, Count of Noailles, Marshal of France, guillotined at 79, along with his wife, daughter-in-law, & grand-daughter. | | | 1844 | Joseph Smith (38), Mormon prophet, and his bother Hyman Smith, lynched in Carthage, Ill. | | | 1861 | Cdr James H. Ward, 1st naval officer KIA in the Civil War, 60 | | | 1952 | Elmo Lincoln, the first Tarzan, 64 | | | 1973 | Earl Browder, leader CPUSA (1930-45), at 82 | | | 1980 | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, deposed Shah of Iran (1941-1979), 60 | | | 2003 | Strom Thurmond, D-Day veteran, segregationist, at 100. | | | 2005 | Shelby Foote, novelist & narrator, but no historian ("The Civil War: A Narrative"), at 88 | | | 2008 | Field Marshal Sam H.F.J. Maneksaw, Indian soldier, Liberator of Bangladesh, at 94 | | 28 | 548 | Theodora, c. 48, joy girl and Byzantine Empress (527-548), wife to Justinian I | | | 683 | Pope St Leo II (681-683) | | | 1385 | Byzantine Emperor Andronicus IV Paleologus (1376-1379), 57_ | | | 1389 | Sultan Murad I of Turkey (1359-1389), assassinated at 63 by a Serb on the morning of the Battle of Kosovo | | | 1389 | Stefan Lazar Hrebeljanovich, Prince of Serbia (c. 1370-1389), kia at c. 50, the Battle of Kosovo | | | 1497 | Sir James Tuchet, 7th Lord Audley (c. 34), Cornish rebel leader, beheaded on Tower Hill | | | 1776 | Thomas Hickey, hanged for trying to betray General Washington to the British | | | 1799 | Francesco Caracciolo (46), Neapolitan admiral and revolutionary, executed by Lord Nelson | | | 1836 | James Madison, militiaman, President (1809-1817), at 75 | | | 1904 | Daniel Decatur Emmett, composer ("Dixie"), 88 | | | 1914 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria (50) and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg (46), assassinated at Sarajevo | | 29 | 67 | St Peter, Apostle and Pope (32-67), martyred | | | 1528 | Scipione Colonna, Abbot of Subiavo, Bishop of Rieti, kia, Magliano | | | 1840 | Lucien Bonaparte, Napoleon's smarter brother, at 65 | | | 1971 | Cosmonauts Georgi T Dobrovolsky (43), Viktor Patsayev (38), & Vladimir Volkov (35), killed in the landing of Soyuz 11 | | | 1992 | President Mohammad Boudiaf of Algeria, assassinated at 73 | | 30 | 350 | Roman Emperor-aspirant Flavius Iulius Popilius Nepotianus Constantinus -- Nepotian (June 3-30, 350), murdered. | | | 1109 | King Alfonso VI of Leon (1065-1109) and Castile (1072-1109), "Emperor of the Spains," at c. 69 | | | 1520 | Emperor Motecuhzoma II Xocoyotzin of the Aztecs (1502-1520), of wounds at Tenochtitlan, aged perhaps 40-50 | | | 1685 | Archibald Campbell, ninth Earl of Argyle (1663-1685), c. 55, beheaded at Edinburgh | | | 1797 | Richard Parker, 30, who led the Nore mutiny, hanged from the yardarm of HMS Neptune | | | 1882 | Charles Guiteau, 40, assassin of President Garfield, hanged | | | 1934 | Ernst Rohm, Gregor Strasser, & Karl Earnest, Nazi stalwarts, Kurt von Schleicher, former chancellor of Germany, and many others | | | 1938 | Caroline Poulder King, b. 1850, last War of 1812 veteran's pensioner, having wed veteran Darius King, 70, in 1870. | | | 1942 | Mary C. Kimbro, 1st American woman merchant mariner to die in WW II, City of Birmingham, torpedoed, North Atlantic |
Event
| 1 | 637 | Battle of Quadisiya: Arab Moslems annihilate the Persians [or May 31] | | | 1432 | Battle of San Romano: The Florentines defeat the Sienese, commemorated in Uccello’s famous triptych | | | 1498 | Pagolo Vitelli is appointed Captain of the Florentine Republic | | | 1676 | Naval Battle of Oland: Dutch defeat the Swedes in the Baltic | | | 1774 | British close the Port of Boston in punishment for the "Tea Party" | | | 1794 | "The Glorious First of June": Lord Howe defeats the French Fleet in what is also known as "The Battle of the Atlantic" | | | 1813 | USS Chesapeake is taken by HMS Shannon | | | 1855 | US filibuster William Walker becomes President of Nicaragua, & promptly legalizes slavery | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Arlington Mills, Va | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Fairfax Courthouse, Va | | | 1862 | Battle of Seven Pines: Joe Johnston is wounded | | | 1864 | Battle of Cold Harbor, Day 1 | | | 1866 | Fenians attack Fort Erie, Ontario, from US soil | | | 1871 | US Sailors & Marines land in Korea, to protect U.S. citizens | | | 1877 | US troops authorized to pursue bandits & Indians into Mexico | | | 1906 | Three day pogrom begins in Bialystock, c. 110 Jews die | | | 1914 | SecNav Josephus Daniels' G.O. 99 bars alcohol in the fleet | | | 1915 | 1st Zeppelin air raid over England | | | 1916 | Battle of Jutland: Fleets return to port | | | 1936 | King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy is proclaimed Emperor of Ethiopia | | | 1938 | Superman debuts in Action Comics | | | 1939 | British sub Thetis accidentally sinks, Liverpool Bay, 99 die | | | 1940 | Coffee & tea rationing begins in Nazi-occupied Holland | | | 1941 | Germany bans all Catholic publications | | | 1943 | Tanker Montana rams & sinks SS John Morgan off Norfolk, 86 die | | | 1947 | The Office of Price Administration, America’s WW II rationing agency, is dissolved | | | 1948 | Cease-fire ends Israeli War for Independence | | | 1958 | Charles de Gaulle becomes premier of France | | | 1964 | Military coup installs a junta in Greece | | | 1991 | Philippines: Mt Pinatubo, erupts and closes Clark AFB | | | 1993 | Guatemalan President Jorge Serrano overthrown by the army | | 2 | 0 | Feast of St. Elmo, Patron of Sailors | | | 49 | Pompeian forces retreat from Ildera, pursued by Caesar | | | 455 | Gaiseric and the Vandals begin an orderly sack of Rome, kidnapping Empress Licinia Eudoxia and her daughters, who spend seven years as hostages in Carthage until ransomed by Eastern Emperor Leo I in 462, though Eudocia stays in Africa, having married Huneric, later King of the Vandals. | | | 597 | St. Augustine of Canterbury baptizes Æthelberht of Kent, the first Christian British king | | | 1070 | The Danes under Hereward the Wake sack Peterborough Abbey | | | 1183 | Battle of Kurikara: Minamoto defeats Tiara | | | 1183 | Saladin takes Aleppo | | | 1424 | Battle of L'Aquila: The Angevins defeat the Bracceschi | | | 1442 | Alfonso I of Aragon takes Naples, with a little help from Procopius | | | 1525 | Battle of Konigshafen: German Tauber rebels defeated | | | 1635 | John Milton joins The Honourable Artillery Company of London | | | 1774 | Parliament passes Quartering Act, billeting troops in private homes | | | 1780 | Anti-Catholic rioters attack Parliament | | | 1784 | Congress disbands the last elements of the Continental Army, save for c. 100 trops guarding supplies at West Point and Ft. Pitt | | | 1794 | First use of aerial spotting: French balloon service supports artillery at Maubuege | | | 1864 | Battle of Cold Harbor, Day 2 | | | 1865 | Kirby-Smith surrenders Confederate forces in the Trans-Mississippi Department | | | 1866 | Fenians retreating from Canada (see June 1) surrender to US forces | | | 1878 | Kaiser Wilhelm I is seriously wounded in an assassination attempt by Dr. Karl Nobling | | | 1910 | C.S. Rolls makes the first round trip flight over the English Channel | | | 1914 | Glenn Curtiss flies his Langley Aerodrome | | | 1924 | Congress grants citizenship to Native Americans [very white of them] | | | 1928 | Nationalist Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek captures Peking | | | 1936 | Gen Anastasio Somoza becomes "President" of Nicaragua | | | 1940 | Heavy German bombing of the Dunkirk beachhead | | | 1941 | Long Island (CVE-1), the first escort carrier, is completed, 88 days after conversion began | | | 1942 | Aleutians Campaign: Japanese carrier a/c raid Dutch Harbor | | | 1943 | Black 99th Pursuit Sqn flies its 1st combat mission, over Italy | | | 1943 | Pope Pius XII denounces aerial bombardment of civilians, and is totally ignored by everyone | | | 1953 | Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in Westminster Abbey | | | 1969 | South China Sea: Australian CV Melbourne rams US DD Frank E Evans, 74 die | | | 1989 | Pro-democracy protests in Tiananmen Square, Beijing | | | 1995 | USAF Capt Scott O'Grady's F-16C shot down over Bosnia | | 3 | 0 | Festival of Bellona, Roman Goddess of War | | | 350 | Flavius Iulius Popilius Nepotianus Constantinus - Nepotian, nephew of Constantine the Great, proclaims himself Emperor at Rome (deposed, and executed, June 30) | | | 1098 | Crusaders seize Antioch | | | 1769 | Transit of Venus observed by Capt. James Cook at Tahiti. | | | 1784 | Congress creates the U.S. Army, forming the 1st American Regt (now the 3rd Infantry) on a cadre of c. 100 troops left over from the Continental Army | | | 1785 | Frigate Alliance is sold; last Continental Navy ship | | | 1849 | Battle of the Villa Corsini: The French defeat the Garibaldini defending Rome | | | 1849 | Spanish Army reaches Itri, marching to support the French at Rome | | | 1861 | Battle of Philippi: Union captures W Va (0 k, 21 w, both sides) | | | 1864 | Battle of Cold Harbor, Day 3 | | | 1866 | Fenians are defeated in Ontario, and retreat to the US (see May 31) | | | 1893 | Brick replica of the USS Indiana (BB-1) opens at the Chicago World's Fair | | | 1898 | USN party scuttles steamer Merrimac in Santiago Channel | | | 1916 | Congress establishes ROTC | | | 1929 | Chile, Peru, & Bolivia sign accord on Tacna-Arica | | | 1938 | German Reich orders confiscation of "degenerate art." | | | 1940 | Major German air raid on Paris | | | 1941 | German occupiers stamp "J" on passports of Dutch Jews | | | 1942 | Midway Campaign: B-17s raid Japanese transports, no hits | | | 1942 | Negros Is. falls to the Japanese: formal Fil-American resistance in the Philippines ends | | | 1943 | UNRRA formed | | | 1944 | Last Italian air raid on Gibraltar, by Mussolini’s “Republican Air Force” | | | 1949 | 1st African-American graduate of Annapolis, Wesley A. Brown - retires 1969 as LtCdr | | | 1959 | First US Air Force Academy graduation | | | 1965 | First American "space walk", Maj. Edward White, Gemini 4 | | 4 | 0 | Feast of St. Boniface, Patron of Brewers | | | 1133 | Pope Innocent II crowns Lothar III Holy Roman Emperor at Rome | | | 1362 | Battle of Brignais: The Free Companions defeat the French | | | 1509 | Pisa surrenders to Florence, after a siege of nearly two years | | | 1520 | The "First Summit": The Field of the Cloth of Gold - Henry VIII & Francis II | | | 1525 | Battle of Ingolstat: German Tauber rebels crushed | | | 1543 | Condottiero Fabiano de Monte attmpts a coup against San Marino | | | 1615 | Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu, captures Osaka after a six month siege. | | | 1647 | English Puritan army captures King Charles I | | | 1745 | Frederick the Great defeats Austrians & Saxons | | | 1746 | Battle of San Lorenzo: Austro-Sardinians defeat the French | | | 1763 | The Chippewa capture Fort Michilimackinac from the English | | | 1783 | The Montgolfier brothers launch the first unmanned hot-air balloon | | | 1784 | Dressed as the goddess Minerva, opera star Mme Élisabeth Thible/Tible becomes the first woman to fly in a balloon | | | 1789 | The US Constitution goes into effect | | | 1794 | British troops captured Port-au-Prince, Haiti | | | 1799 | First Battle of Zurich, Day 1: Austrians v. French (ends 7th) | | | 1829 | Magazine explosion destroys steam frigate Demologos, Brooklyn Navy Yard, 30 die. | | | 1831 | Duke Leopold of Kendal proclaimed first king of Belgium (1831-1865) | | | 1859 | Battle of Magenta: Franco-Sardinian forces under Napoleon III defeat the Austrians | | | 1862 | Confederates evacuate Ft Pillow, Tenn | | | 1917 | Order of British Empire inaugurated | | | 1918 | US & French halt the Germans at Chateau-Thierry | | | 1920 | Peace of Trianon between Allies & Hungary | | | 1924 | Enternal light dedicated at Madison Square to commemorate New Yorkers killed in WW I | | | 1927 | Pres Coolidge reviews the US Fleet in the Chesapeake | | | 1932 | Carlos Davila stages coup against Pres Juan Montero of Chile, initiating a short-lived República Socialista de Chile (Jun 4-Sep 13, 1932) | | | 1934 | USS Ranger (CV-4) commissioned, first US purpose-built carrier | | | 1940 | "Miracle of Dunkirk" ends: over 300,000 troops evacuated | | | 1942 | Aleutians Campaign: Japanese aircraft bomb Dutch Harbor | | | 1942 | Midway Campaign: Japanese lose four CVs, USS Yorktown badly damaged | | | 1943 | Col Juan Peron seizes power in Argentina | | | 1944 | Allied forces liberate Rome | | | 1944 | CVE Guadalcanal ASW Group takes U-505; 1st USN foreign prize since 1815 | | | 1944 | Paddle CV Wolverine sets carrier landing record; 633 in one day, mostly "touch and goes" | | | 1945 | Okinawa: 6th Marine Division secures the Orokoe Peninsula | | | 1954 | France grants Vietnam independence within the French Union | | | 1956 | Khrushchev's speech blasting Stalin is made public | | | 1960 | Heavy Red Chinese artillery bomabrdment of Nationalist-held Quemoy Is. | | | 1963 | British Minister of War John Profumo resigns over an affair with Christine Keeler | | | 1974 | First Woman Army Aviator: Sally Murphy | | | 1976 | Puerto Rican nationalists detonate a bomb in the Cook County Courthouse, Chicago, sparking rioting in some areas | | | 1982 | Israel attacks targets in south Lebanon | | | 1989 | Chinese army massacres pro-democracy protesters in Tiananmen Square | | | 1991 | Non-communist government installed in Albania | | 5 | 70 | Titus & his legionaries breach the middle wall of Jerusalem | | | 1249 | Battle of Damietta: Crusaders defeat the Ayyubids | | | 1284 | Battle of Castellammare: Ruggiero di Lauria's Aragonese-Sicilian fleet defeats the Angevin-Neapolitans | | | 1288 | Battle of Worringen: Brabant defeats Guelders | | | 1305 | Bertrand de Got elected Pope as Clement V (1305-1314) | | | 1589 | Battle of Lisbon: Spanish beat off an English assault | | | 1595 | Battle of Fontaine-Francaise: French defeat the Spanish | | | 1659 | Aurangzeb becomes Mogul Emperor of India (1659-1707) | | | 1794 | Congress bars citizens from serving in foreign armed forces | | | 1796 | France and Naples conclude an armistice | | | 1799 | First Battle of Zurich, Day 2: Austrians v. French (ends 7th) | | | 1806 | Napoleon turns the Batavian Republic into the Kingdom of Holland | | | 1827 | Turks capture the Acropolis during the Greek War of Independence | | | 1863 | Battle of Franklin's Crossing/Deep Run, VA | | | 1864 | Battle of Piedmont/Augusta City, VA | | | 1884 | Sherman says, "If nominated, I will not run; if elected, I will not serve." | | | 1916 | HMS Hampshire, mined off the Orkneys, c. 600 die | | | 1917 | US begins draft registration: 10 million eventually sign up | | | 1942 | Explosion at the Elwood Ordnance Plant, Illinois, 54 die | | | 1942 | Midway Campaign: B-17s claim great success against Japanese ships, score no hits | | | 1942 | Midway Campaign: Yamamoto orders the Combined Fleet to retire. | | | 1942 | USA declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary, & Romania | | | 1943 | Air Battle, Russell Is: Japanese lose 24, US 7 planes | | | 1943 | Battle of the Pribilof Is: B-17s mistake islands for a Japanese fleet, claim great success, and do massacre a lot of seals | | | 1943 | Last Italian air raid on Gibraltar | | | 1944 | First B-29 raid over Tokyo; one lost to engine failure | | | 1945 | Typhoon: 30 major US warships and dozens of support vessels damaged. | | | 1947 | SecState George C Marshall outlines the "Marshall Plan" | | | 1967 | Six Day War begins between Israel & its Arab neighbors | | | 1977 | Coup in the Seychelles | | | 1984 | Indira Gandhi orders attack on Sikh Golden Temple | | 6 | 824 | Election of Pope Eugene II (824-827) | | | 1218 | Battle of Zibello: Milanese defeat the Cremonese | | | 1266 | Charles of Anjou is elected King of Sicily (1266–1282) | | | 1349 | Battle of Melito: The Hungarians defeat the Neapolitans | | | 1491 | Coup attempt against the Baglioni at Perugia by the Oddi & other exiles, c. 60 die | | | 1513 | Battle of La Riotta: The Swiss defeat the French | | | 1513 | Battle of Novara: Swiss defeat the French, restoring the Sforza to Milan | | | 1523 | Gustavus I becomes king of Sweden (1523-1560) | | | 1639 | Massachusetts grants 500 acres of land to erect a gunpowder mill | | | 1660 | James the Duke of York (later James II), becomes Lord High Admiral of England | | | 1757 | Battle of Prague | | | 1775 | NY patriots prevent the Royal Governor from removing munitions from the city | | | 1797 | The French create the Ligurian Republic at Genoa | | | 1799 | First Battle of Zurich, Day 3: Austrians v. French (ends 7th) | | | 1813 | Battle of Stony Creek, Ont: U.S. invasion of Canada halted | | | 1857 | Cawnpore Massacre: Sepoy Mutineers slaughter British women and children | | | 1862 | Battle of Port Royal, SC | | | 1862 | River Battle off Memphis: Yank gunboats defeat Rebs, with only 1 man m/w | | | 1862 | Skirmish at Harrisonburg, VA | | | 1863 | Battle of Williamsport, MD | | | 1863 | French troops capture Mexico City | | | 1864 | Battle of Lake Chicot/Dutch Bayou, AR | | | 1898 | Marines land at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba | | | 1898 | US ships exchange fire with Spanish batteries at Santiago, Cuba | | | 1918 | Marines secure Belleau Wood | | | 1920 | Wrangel's "White Guard" undertakes an offensive against the Red Army | | | 1942 | Aleutians Campaign: Japanese troops land on Kiska | | | 1942 | Midway Campaign: Japanese sub I-168 torpedoes damaged Yorktown, sinks Hammann (DD-412), as American carrier a/c attack the retiring Japanese, sinking or damaging 2 CAs | | | 1942 | Use of a nylon parachute first demonstrate, by Adeline Gray, at Hartford | | | 1943 | Aleutians Campaign: Japanese decide to evacuate Kiska | | | 1944 | D-Day | | | 1944 | John Eisenhower graduates from USMA; since his father is otherwise occupied, he sails for Europe aboard the Queen Mary that night, to spend 19 days with him (14 Jun-2 Jul) | | | 1944 | Lucie Maria Rommel's 50th Birthday | | | 1944 | Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., earns a Medal of Honor on Utah Beach | | | 1944 | US Army & Navy set October 1945 for landings in the Japanese Home islands | | | 1944 | Waffen-SS murders Canadian prisoners at Normandy | | | 1945 | Okinawa: Marines capture Naha airfield | | | 1949 | George Orwell's "1984" published | | | 1966 | Army veteran James Meredith wounded by white sniper in Mississippi | | | 1982 | 30,000 Israeli troops invade Lebanon to drive out the PLO | | | 1985 | Body of Nazi criminal Josef Mengele located in Paraguay | | 7 | 417 | Desecration of the Herms at Athens | | | 1099 | The First Crusade arrives at Jerusalem | | | 1416 | Battle of Sant'Egidio: The Bracceschi defeat the Malatesti | | | 1424 | Battle of Malesov: Jan Ziska defeats the Ultraist Hussites | | | 1451 | Unsuccessful coup at Bologna by the Canetoli against the Bentivogli | | | 1494 | Treaty of Tordesillas: America is divided between Spain and Portugal | | | 1498 | Columbus begins his third voyage | | | 1546 | Peace of Ardres: ends Anglo-French War (1544-46), favorably for England | | | 1586 | Sir Francis Drake sacks and burns St. Augustine, Florida | | | 1629 | Peace of Lubeck: between HRE Ferdinand II & Christian IV of Denmark and Norway | | | 1672 | Battle of Solebay: Dutch Admiral Michael de Ruyter trounces the English | | | 1775 | The “United Colonies” change their name to the “United States” | | | 1776 | British defeat the Americans at Trois Rivers, Canada | | | 1776 | Richard Lee moves the adoption of a Declaration of Independence in Congress | | | 1780 | Anti-Catholic riots in London, hundreds die | | | 1799 | First Battle of Zurich, Day 4: Austrians defeat the French | | | 1862 | Skirmish at Union Church, VA | | | 1863 | Battle of Milliken's Bend: Black recruits beat off Rebel veterans | | | 1863 | The French capture Mexico City | | | 1866 | Battle of Pigeon Hill, Que: Canadians defeat Fenians, who retreat to the US (see May 31) | | | 1880 | Chileans capture Arica from the Peruvians by storm | | | 1898 | Marines and Spanish troops skirmish near Guantanamo Bay | | | 1905 | Norway declares independence from Sweden, which acquiesces | | | 1912 | US Army Air Service tests an airplane-mounted machine gun | | | 1916 | Germans capture Fort Vaux, Verdun | | | 1917 | Liverpool: first American troops reach Europe | | | 1929 | Italo-Papal Lateran Treaty establishes the sovereign "State of the Vatican City" | | | 1939 | King George VI & Queen Elizabeth arrive at Niagara Falls, NY, by rail from Canada - the first British sovereign to visit the US | | | 1940 | British and French troops evacuate Narvik, Norway | | | 1942 | Aleutians Campaign: Japanese troops land on Attu. | | | 1942 | Midway Campaign: USS Yorktown goes down | | | 1942 | The Germans capture Sebastopol | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: Japanese air raid, lose 23 a/c vs 9 Allied. | | | 1944 | British 50th division liberates Bayeux | | | 1944 | Burma: Chinese on the Salween reach Lung-ling. | | | 1958 | Fighting breaks out between Turks and Greeks on Cyprus | | | 1962 | NASA civilian test pilot Joseph Walker takes X-15 to 31,580 m | | | 1971 | Soviet Soyuz 11 crew completes 1st transfer to orbiting Salyut | | | 1981 | Israeli air strikes destroy Iraqi nuclear weapons facilities | | 8 | 65 | Jewish Zealots storm the Fortress Antonia in Jerusalem, initiating the great rebellion against Rome | | | 218 | Battle of Antioch: Legio III Gallica defeats Macrinus to make Elagabalus Roman Emperor | | | 452 | Attila and the Huns invade northern Italy | | | 793 | The Vikings raid Northumbria | | | 1783 | Eruption of Mt. Laki, Iceland, c. 9,350 die | | | 1815 | Germanic Confederation formed by 39 states | | | 1830 | USS Vincennes becomes the first U.S. warship to circle the globe | | | 1853 | Commo Matthew C Perry arrives in Japan | | | 1859 | Combat of the Malegnano: French defeat the Austrians | | | 1859 | Triumphal entry of Victor Emanuel II & Napoleon III into Milan | | | 1861 | Lincoln approves formation of the US Sanitary Commission | | | 1862 | Valley Campaign: Battle of Cross Keys, Virginia | | | 1880 | Office of Judge Advocate General of the Navy established | | | 1904 | Marines land at Tangiers to protect U.S. citizens. | | | 1915 | SecState William Jennings Bryan resigns to protest "excessive" US response to the Lusitania sinking | | | 1941 | British and Free French invade Vichyite Syria | | | 1942 | MacArthur urges an offensive in the Solomons | | | 1943 | Internal explosion destroys BB Mutsu, Hiroshima harbor | | | 1944 | Tokyo Express is turned back from Biak, losing one destroyer. | | | 1948 | John Rudder becomes the first black Marine officer | | | 1959 | X-15 makes 1st unpowered flight, from a B-52 at 11,500 m | | | 1960 | Argentine government demands Israel release of Adolf Eichmann | | | 1965 | US troops ordered to fight offensively in Vietnam | | | 1967 | Israeli air and naval forces attack USS Liberty, 34 Americans die | | | 1986 | Kurt Waldheim, former Nazi, and former UN SecGen (1972-1982), elected Pres of Austria (1986-1992) | | | 1995 | Marines rescue USAF Capt Scott O'Grady in Bosnia | | 9 | 53 | Battle of Carrhae: Crassus is crushed by the Parthians | | | 721 | Battle of Toulouse: Duke Odo of Aquitaine defeats the Moors | | | 1042 | Edward the Confessor ascends the throne of England (1042-1066) | | | 1064 | King Ferdinand I of Castille liberates Coimbra from the Moors | | | 1075 | Battle of Homburg: Henry VII of France defeats the Saxons | | | 1358 | Battle of Meaux: The Captal de Buch & Gaston Phoebus defeat the "Jacquerie" peasants | | | 1742 | Battle of Bloody Marsh: Spanish assault on Simons Island, Ga | | | 1775 | Continental Congress enacts the first American "Articles of War" | | | 1778 | British evacuate Philadelphia | | | 1800 | Battle of Montebello: French defeat the Austrians | | | 1862 | Valley Campaign: Battle of Port Republic | | | 1863 | Battle of Brandy Station; largest cavalry fight of the Civil War | | | 1863 | Grant's Vicksburg Campaign: Battle of Grand Gulf, MS | | | 1864 | Battle of Big Shanty, GA | | | 1864 | Battle of Kenesaw Mountain/Pine Mt/Pine Knob/Golgotha, GA | | | 1864 | US 1st Tenn Cav attacks buck naked across Chattahoochie R, Roswell, Ga | | | 1893 | Ford's Theatre, housing War Department offices, collapses, 22 die, 65 injured | | | 1898 | Battle of Cuzco Well, Guantanamo: Marines defeat Spanish | | | 1938 | The Chinese breach the Yellow River dykes at Huayangkuou, halting a Japanese offensive at the cost of perhaps 800,000 lives | | | 1939 | King George VI lays a wreath at the tomb of George Washington, in Mt. Vernon | | | 1940 | French government flees Paris for Tours, as German troops cross the Seine | | | 1940 | Norway surrenders to Germany, as King Haakon VII flees into exile in London | | | 1942 | Nazis raze Lidice, Czechoslovakia, c. 1,400 slaughtered | | | 1943 | Fremantle: Australian MS is lost to collision with a merchantman | | | 1944 | Burma: Heavy fighting at Lung-ling, on the Salween front. | | | 1944 | Normandy: U.S. VII & V Corps link up to form a continuous beachhead | | | 1945 | Luzon: Sixth Army manages to isolate Japanese forces. | | | 1945 | Premier Kantaro Suzuki declares Japan will never surrender | | | 1959 | The first SSBN is launched, USS George Washington | | | 1963 | JFK declares Winston Churchill an US honorary citizen | | | 1965 | Dong Xoai: c. 1,500 VC overrun district military HQ | | 10 | 1179 | Battle of Marj Ayun: Saladin defeats King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem | | | 1201 | Battle of Capua: Walter of Brienne defeats Dietpoldo di Acerra | | | 1328 | Battle of Fucecchio: The Luccans defeat the Florentines | | | 1624 | Treaty of Compiegne: England, France & the Netherlands ally against Spain | | | 1772 | British revenue cutter Gaspe burned by Rhode Islanders | | | 1776 | Congress appoints a committee to write a Declaration of Independence | | | 1801 | Tripoli declares war on the US, for refusing to pay protection, initiaing the First Barbary War (1801-1805) | | | 1805 | The Pasha of Tripoli agrees to release American prisoners and cease attacks on U.S. shipping in return for $60,000 and an end to American efforts to unseat him, concluding the First Barbary War (1801-1805) | | | 1807 | Battle of Heilsberg: French defeat the Russians | | | 1826 | Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II initiates slaughter of the Janissaries, c. 20,000 die | | | 1840 | Edward Oxford fires two shots at Queeen Victoria and Prince Albert | | | 1848 | Third Battle of Vicenza: Austrians defeat Veneto-Papal forces | | | 1861 | Big Bethel, the "first battle" of the Civil War | | | 1863 | Brice's Crossroads: Bedford Forrest's most notable victory | | | 1864 | Battle of Kellar's Bridge/Licking River, KY | | | 1864 | Battle of Waynesboro VA | | | 1898 | Naval skirmish off Havana | | | 1908 | Aeronautical Society of New York founded, world's first flying club | | | 1915 | British and French troops secure German Cameroon, Africa | | | 1916 | The Great Arab Revolt begins at Medina and Mecca | | | 1918 | Italian torpedo boat sinks the Austrian BB Szent Istvan | | | 1920 | League of Nations convenes for the first time | | | 1940 | The "Stab in the Back": Italy declares war on France and Britain | | | 1943 | Sub Trigger torpedoes the Japanese CV Hiyo off Japan. | | | 1944 | Ouradour-sur-Glane: SS massacre 642 men, women, & children | | | 1945 | Australian troops land at Brunei Bay, Borneo. | | | 1945 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower | | | 1955 | Pius XII excommunicates Argentine dictator Juan Peron | | | 1967 | Cease fire ends the Six Day War (Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt vs. Israel) | | | 1979 | Pope John Paul II visits Poland | | | 1982 | Israeli troops reach outskirts of Beirut | | | 1985 | French agents blow up Greenpeace boat Rainbow Warrior in Auckland harbor, 1 death | | 11 | 88 | Social War: T. Didius & M. Magius storm Herculaneum | | | 90 | Social War: Battle of the Tolenus - Consuls P Rutilius Rufus & G. Marius defeat Vettius Scato | | | 690 | he Battle of Beachy Head/Bevezier: Tourville’s French fleet defeats, but fails to destroy, Torrington’s inferior Anglo-Dutch squadron, which prevents an invasion of England. | | | 1184 | The Greeks take Troy [or maybe April] | | | 1298 | Battle of Campaldino: Tuscan Guelfs (including Dante) defeat the Arretine Ghibellines | | | 1346 | Election of Charles IV of Luxembourg as Holy Roman Emperor | | | 1488 | Battle of Sauchieburn: Duke James of Rothesay defeats King James III of Scotland | | | 1666 | Three Day Anglo-Dutch Naval Battle of Vierdaagse begins | | | 1685 | The Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II, lands in England to usurp the throne from his uncle, James II | | | 1727 | Accession of George II as King of England (1727-1760) | | | 1798 | Bonaparte's Egyptian Expedition captures Malta | | | 1859 | Liberal insurrection at Modena | | | 1861 | Battle of Romney, WVa: Union victory | | | 1861 | Maj R. B. Hayes, Pvt Wm McKinley, and the rest of the 23rd Ohio muster into federal service | | | 1864 | Battle of Laurel Hill, WVa | | | 1864 | Battle of Trevillian Station/Central Railroad, VA | | | 1882 | Moslems massacre 300 Christians at Alexandria, Egypt | | | 1898 | US naval raid on Fisher's Point, Cuba | | | 1906 | Police foil an anarchist attempt to bomb the NYC subway | | | 1917 | Austro-Hungarian sub sinks Japanese DD Sakaki, in the Mediterranean | | | 1927 | Charles A. Lindbergh is the first man awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, at his ticker tape parade up Broadway | | | 1934 | Disarmament conference in Geneva fails | | | 1939 | FDR serves hot dogs & beer to George and Elizabeth Windsor, at Hyde Park | | | 1940 | Italian air raid on Malta | | | 1940 | RAF raids Genoa and Turin | | | 1942 | Italo-German forces halted at El Alamein, North Africa | | | 1943 | Allies land on Pantelleria, Italy | | | 1943 | Kiska: Japanese submarine I-9 sunk by U.S. DD Frazier | | | 1944 | US carrier raids on the Marianas: 200 Japanese a/c destroyed | | | 1970 | US leaves Wheelus AFB Libya in wake of Qadaffi coup | | | 1977 | Dutch Marines rescue hostages on a train held by Moluccan terrorists | | | 1982 | Israel & Syria stop fighting in Lebanon | | 12 | 0 | The "Troy Games" at Rome; Young noblemen engage in mounted drill | | | 526 | Consecration of Pope St. Felix IV [III] (526-530) | | | 1298 | Battle of the Black Ironside: William Wallace routs the English | | | 1340 | Naval Battle of Sluys: English defeat the French off Flanders | | | 1365 | King Edward III bans football, to insure Englishmen get their archery practice | | | 1442 | Alfonso the Magnanimous, King Alfonso V of Aragon, who is also Alfonso III of Valencia, II of Majorca, Sardinia, and Corsica, and IV of Sicily, is crowned King Alfonso I of Naples (1442-1458) | | | 1493 | Lucrezia Borgia (12) marries Giovanni Sforza (23), annuled 1497 | | | 1665 | Nieuw Amsterdam becomes New York | | | 1667 | The Dutch fleet burns a major portion of the Royal Navy in the Medway | | | 1701 | Act of Settlement: settled succession of the English crown on the House of Hanover | | | 1775 | USS Unity takes British Margaretta: 1st naval victory of the Revolutionary War | | | 1839 | Abner Doubleday invents baseball, in bogus tradition | | | 1859 | Liberal insurrection in the Papal Legations | | | 1864 | R. E. Lee sends Jubal Early into the Shenandoah Valley to raid Washington | | | 1867 | Union of Austria and Hungary is proclaimed | | | 1897 | Carl Elsener patents the "Swiss Army Knife" | | | 1916 | At Verdun, German shells inter the 3rd Co, French 137th Infantry, creating "Bayonet Trench", | | | 1918 | First air raid by an American aviation unit, France | | | 1921 | Pres Warren Harding urges all young man to voluntarily take military training | | | 1924 | Turret explosion in USS Mississippi (BB 41), 48 die | | | 1935 | Three-year long Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay ends | | | 1937 | The Purges: Stalin initiates mass executions of senior military personnel | | | 1942 | Anne Frank begins her diary, on her 13th birthday | | | 1942 | Hitler orders use of Slavic forced laborers in German industry | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: air battle, Allies lose 6, Japanese 31 a/c | | | 1943 | Himmler orders extermination of all Polish ghettos | | | 1944 | First V-1 cruise missile attack on London | | | 1944 | Mao Tse-tung says Communists will support Nationalist Chiang Kai-shek against Japan | | | 1944 | US troops liberate Carentan and Chaumont, Normandy | | | 1945 | Okinawa: 7th Inf Div breaks the SE end of Japanese front, as the 7th Marines attack Kunishi Ridge | | | 1962 | USAF Maj Robert M White takes X-15 to 56,270 m | | | 1982 | 750,000 anti-nuclear demonstrators rally in Central Park | | | 1987 | Ronald Reagan says, "Mr. Gorbachov, tear down this wall." | | | 1991 | Leningrad becomes St. Petersburg again | | | 1999 | NATO peacekeeping forces begin operating in Kosovo, Yugoslavia | | 13 | 313 | Roman Emperor Licinius issues an Edict of Toleration | | | 1003 | Consecration of Pope John XVII [XVIII] (13 June-6 Nov 1003) | | | 1275 | Battle of San Procolo: The Montefeltri defeat the Bolognese | | | 1373 | Anglo-Portuguese alliance, the world's oldest, signed | | | 1667 | The Dutch fleet burns three more English ships-of-the-line in the Medway | | | 1777 | The Marquis de Lafayette arrives in US | | | 1863 | Gettysburg Campaign: Battle of Winchester, Va | | | 1871 | US marines and bluejackets land on Formosa to punish the Botansha tribe for depredations against shipwreck sailors. | | | 1881 | USS Jeannette crushed in Arctic ice | | | 1898 | Havana: US ships exchange fire with Spanish batteries | | | 1900 | Boxer Rebellion begins in China | | | 1912 | First successful parachute jump from an airplane, Capt Albert Berry, Jefferson, Ms | | | 1917 | German air raid on London | | | 1917 | German bombs hit the Upper North Street School, in London; 18 children die, c. 30 others are injured. | | | 1940 | Uruguay arrests local Nazis for plotting a coup | | | 1941 | DCNO report on the Nov 11, 1940, British air raid on the Italian Fleet at Taranto is distributed to senior naval personnel, including CINCUS Husband Kimmel | | | 1942 | Peenemunde: 1st V-2 rocket reaches 1.3 km | | | 1944 | First V-1 raid: one of ten missiles fired strikes London, 6 die | | | 1946 | King Umberto II of Italy abdicates, after a reign of about six weeks | | | 1951 | UN forces reach Pyongyang, Korea | | | 1952 | Soviet fighters down Swedish DC-3 over the Baltic, 8 die | | 14 | 0 | Flag Day [See 1777] | | | 1300 | Battle of Ponza: Roger de Lauria's Sicilian-Catalan fleet defeats the Angevin-Sicilians | | | 1645 | Naseby: Cromwell's Roundheads defeat the Royalists | | | 1646 | Naval Battle of Orbetello: the Spanish defeat the French | | | 1744 | Commo Anson returns to England after a two year circumnativation, with £1.6 million in prize – perhaps $2 billion today | | | 1775 | US Army formed from the New England forces before Boston | | | 1777 | Congress replaces the "Grand Union Flag" with the "Stars & Stripes" | | | 1777 | John Paul Jones takes command of the USS Ranger | | | 1789 | Capt William Bligh & HMS Bounty loyalists reach Timor in a small boat | | | 1800 | Battle of Marengo: The French defeat the Austrians | | | 1800 | The French capture Alessandria, Italy, from the Austrians | | | 1809 | Battle of the Raab: French defeat the Austrians | | | 1814 | Wellington thanks his army for its performance in the Peninsula | | | 1815 | Napoleon opens the Waterloo Campaign | | | 1846 | Pro-American California "Bear Flag" Republic proclaimed in Sonoma | | | 1847 | Commo Matthew C Perry makes landing at Tabasco, Mexico | | | 1861 | Flag Day first observed, Hartford, Ct. | | | 1863 | Second Battle of Winchester, Virginia | | | 1864 | Battle of Pine Mt | | | 1864 | Congress orders Black soldiers be paid the same as whites | | | 1898 | Santiago: US ships exchange fire with Spanish batteries | | | 1906 | Pogrom against Jews in Bialystok, Polish Russia | | | 1917 | Gen John J. Pershing and his staff reach Paris | | | 1936 | Oranienburg Concentration Camp opens | | | 1940 | FDR signs the Naval Expansion Act, increasing the fleet by 11% | | | 1940 | Germans occupy Paris | | | 1940 | Nazis open a concentration camp at Auschwitz | | | 1940 | Spain occupies the International District of Tangier | | | 1942 | German merchant cruiser Thor enters the Indian Ocean | | | 1942 | The bazooka goes into production at Bridgeport, Ct | | | 1943 | Japanese form the collaborationist "Indian National Army" | | | 1943 | Supreme Court rules laws compelling students to salute the flag unconsitituional | | | 1944 | China: Japanese capture Liu-yang | | | 1944 | First B-29 raid on Japan; 60 bombers hit steel works on Honshu | | | 1947 | A fire at the Ft. Bliss Officers' Club destroys the original of Cassilly Adams' famous painting "Custer's Last Stand," copies of which were once commonplaces in American bars | | | 1949 | State of Vietnam is formed under Emperor Bao Dai | | | 1952 | Keel laid for Nautilus, the first nuclear powered submarine | | | 1953 | Gen Gustavo Rojas Pinilla stages coup in Colombia | | | 1982 | Falklands: Argentines surrender to Britain; 74-day war ends | | | 1985 | Lebanese Shiite gunmen hijack TWA 847 after takeoff from Athens | | | 1989 | Former Pres Reagan receives an honorary knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II | | 15 | 923 | Battle of Soissons: King Charles "The Simple" of France defeats the self-proclaimed "Robert I" | | | 1094 | El Cid liberates Valencia from the Moors | | | 1215 | Battle of Runnymede: England’s barons convince King John to what becomes Magna Carta a month later | | | 1219 | Battle of Reval: The Danes defeat the Estonians, and design a flag | | | 1520 | Pope Leo X condemns Martin Luther as a heretic | | | 1567 | Battle of Carberry Hill: the Earl of Moray defeats the Earl of Bothwell | | | 1567 | Jews are expelled from Genoa | | | 1639 | Battle of Megray Hill: The Covenanters defeat Col William Gunn | | | 1674 | Battle of Sinsheim: The French defeat the Imperialists | | | 1734 | Charles of Parma invests Gaeta (falls August 6) | | | 1743 | Battle of Dettingen, English under George II crush the French | | | 1775 | George Washington appointed commander-in-chief of the Army | | | 1776 | Americans burn and abandon Montreal | | | 1779 | Maj Gen "Mad" Anthony Wayne storms Stony Point, NY | | | 1785 | First fatal aeronautical accident: two French balloonists die | | | 1802 | Toussaint L'Ouverture leaves Haiti, a prisoner of the French | | | 1807 | Battle of Friedland: Napoleon defeats the Russians | | | 1814 | US trans-lacustrine raid on Point Dover and Long Point, Ontario | | | 1815 | The Duchess of Richmond gives a ball at Brussels | | | 1858 | Battle of the Tre Ponti: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians | | | 1861 | Joe Johnston evacuates Harpers Ferry, which is occupied by Union forces later that afternoon | | | 1862 | Gen JEB Stuart completes his "ride around McClellan" | | | 1864 | Battle of Petersburg: Grant's first assault | | | 1864 | Robert E Lee's home, Arlington, becomes a military cemetery | | | 1866 | Prussia declares war on Austria, initiating the Seven Weeks' War | | | 1877 | Henry O Flipper becomes the first black graduate of West Point | | | 1898 | Marines land at Caimanera, Cuba | | | 1904 | Steamer General Slocum burns in the East River, 1,031 die | | | 1907 | Second Hague Peace Conference; 44 nations meet | | | 1931 | Poland & USSR sign friendship treaty | | | 1934 | Hitler meets Mussolini for the first time, Rome | | | 1940 | Bread & flour rationed in German-occupied Holland | | | 1940 | Italian Air Force bombs Luc-en-Province | | | 1940 | Soviet Army occupies Lithuania | | | 1940 | The Germans capture Verdun | | | 1942 | US B-24s & RAF Beuafighters attach an Italian battle squadron in the Ionian Sea, lightly damaging the battleship Littorio | | | 1943 | German raider Michel sinks 7700-ton merchant ship west of Australia | | | 1944 | Marines land on Saipan | | | 1955 | First nationwide civil defense drill – "Duck and Cover!" | | | 1964 | Last French troops leave Algeria | | | 1978 | Soyuz 29 carries two cosmonauts to Salyut 6, to stay 139 days | | | 1991 | Mt Pinatubo, the Philippines erupts, closes Clark Air Force Base | | | 1994 | Israel and the Vatican establish diplomatic relations | | 16 | 1282 | Battle of Dinefwr Llandeilo: Pr. Llewellyn of Gwynedd defeats Baron Gilbert de Clare | | | 1287 | Calabria: Gesso attacks Querzola, and is defeated | | | 1426 | Battle of Aussig: The Hussites defeat the Imperialists | | | 1443 | Giovanni II Bentivoglio seizes mastery of Bologna in a coup | | | 1487 | Battle of Stoke Field: King Henry VII defeats the Earl of Lincoln & pardons the bogus "Edward VI" - Lambert Shimnel | | | 1567 | Mary Queen of Scots imprisoned in Lochleven Castle | | | 1654 | Queen Christina of Sweden abdicates | | | 1755 | British capture Fort Beausojour, Nova Scotia, expel Acadians | | | 1797 | Nore mutiny in the Royal Navy ends (began May 12th) | | | 1815 | Battle of Ligny: Napoleon defeats Blucher's Prussians, forcing a retreat | | | 1815 | Battle of Quatre Bras: English defeat the French, then retreat | | | 1832 | Blackhawk War: Battle of Kellogg's Grove, Ill | | | 1846 | Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti elected Pope as Pius IX (1846-1878), later canonized | | | 1858 | Lincoln says "A house divided against itself cannot stand" | | | 1861 | Battle of Secessionville/James Island, SC | | | 1864 | Battle of Lynchburg Va | | | 1864 | Siege of Petersburg & Richmond begins | | | 1898 | Havana: US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire | | | 1898 | Santiago: US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire | | | 1904 | Bloomsday | | | 1923 | Sun Yat Sen founds the Whampoa Military Academy | | | 1940 | USSR occupies Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia | | | 1942 | Japanese sub-borne airplane reconnoiters Mauritius | | | 1943 | Japanese lose 100 a/c over Guadalcanal, but only damage three ships | | | 1952 | Soviet fighters shoot down Swedish Catalina airplane | | | 1953 | Soviet tanks crush workers' protest in Berlin | | | 1954 | Ngo Dinh Diem elected president of Vietnam | | | 1955 | Abortive coup against Pres Juan Peron of Argentina | | | 1957 | French offensive in Algeria | | | 1963 | First Woman in Space: Valentina Tereshkova, 26 | | | 1989 | State Funeral at Budapest for Imre Nagy, executed leader of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution | | 17 | 0 | Memorial of the Blessed Paolo Burali d'Arezzo | | | 827 | Arab conquest of Sicily begins: Asad ibn al-Furat lands with c. 15,000 troops. | | | 1053 | Battle of Civitate: Normans defeat a Papal-Lombard army | | | 1245 | Battle of San Lucia: Guelf-Ghibbeline clash in the Romagna | | | 1291 | Moslems recover Acre, after nearly 200 years of Crusader control | | | 1397 | Union of Kalmar established among Denmark, Sweden & Norway | | | 1497 | Battle of Blackheath/Deptford Bridge: King Henry VII defeats Cornish rebels | | | 1744 | Battle of Velletri I: Neapolitans under Charles VII raid Austrian lines | | | 1745 | American colonials capture Louisburg, Cape Breton I, from French | | | 1755 | James Cook joins the Royal Navy as an able seaman | | | 1775 | Battle of Bunker Hill | | | 1777 | The Marquiss de La Fayette and several other French volunteers for the American Reovlution land at Charleston | | | 1799 | Three day Battle of the Trebbia begins: Austro-Russians defeat the French | | | 1815 | Stephen Decatur captures Algerian frigate Mashouda | | | 1848 | Battle of Governolo: Piedmontese defeat the Austrians | | | 1861 | Battle of Boonville, Miss | | | 1861 | Lincoln witnesses Dr. Thaddeus Lowe's balloon flight over the White House | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Vienna, Va | | | 1863 | Cavalry action at Aldie, Virginia | | | 1863 | Warsaw Sound, Ga: USS Weehawken clashes with CSS Atlanta | | | 1864 | Washington Arsenal: blast kills 21 women munitions workers | | | 1870 | USS Mohican destroys the Mexican pirate ship Forward | | | 1876 | Battle of the Rosebud: Crazy Horse fights Crook to a draw | | | 1898 | The Navy Hospital Corps is established | | | 1916 | Pershing leads a Punitive Expedition into Mexico in an unsuccessful attempt to kill Pancho Villa | | | 1940 | France asks Germany for terms of surrender | | | 1940 | Operation Ariel: Last British & Allied troops evacuated from France | | | 1944 | Iceland declare independence from Denmark – King Christian X expresses his regrets but offers his congratulations | | | 1944 | U.S. Navy air raids on Iwo Jima and the Bonin Islands | | | 1945 | Final Japanese defensive line on Okinawa breached | | | 1965 | Vietnam: First B-52 raid, 50 km north of Saigon | | | 1967 | China becomes world's fourth thermonuclear power | | | 1972 | Watergate | | | 1998 | USS Missouri is dedicated as a war memorial, Pearl Harbor. | | 18 | 653 | Byzantines depose Pope St. Martin I (649-653), exiling him to the Crimea | | | 806 | Strassburg: Charlemagne mobilizes an army against the Sorbs | | | 1155 | Pope Adrian IV crowns Frederick I Barbarossa Holy Roman Emperor | | | 1291 | King Jaime II of Sicily ascends the throne of Aragon | | | 1429 | Battle of Patay: French defeat the English, retreating from Orleans | | | 1450 | Battle of Sevenoaks: Jack Cade's Kentish rebels defeat Sir Humphrey Stafford | | | 1472 | Volterra is sacked & razed by the Florentines under Lorenzo "il Magnifico" De'Medici | | | 1538 | Treaty of Nice: HRE Charles V & Francis I of France temporarily end the Italian Wars (1494-1559) | | | 1675 | Battle of Fehrbellim: The Prussians defeat the Swedes | | | 1757 | Battle of Kolin: Marshal Daun' Austrians defeat Frederick the Great's Prussians | | | 1778 | British evacuate Philadelphia | | | 1812 | US declares war against Britain | | | 1815 | Battle of Waterloo: Wellington crushes Napoleon, with the help of Blucher’s Prussians | | | 1815 | Battle of Wavre: Prussians keep the French right from reinforcing Napoleon | | | 1817 | Waterloo Bridge, over the Thames in London, opens | | | 1823 | The British Army adopts trousers for infantry, in lieu of breeches & gaithers | | | 1861 | Combat at Camp Cole, Mo | | | 1878 | Congress creates the US Life Saving Service | | | 1900 | Empress Tsu-tse orders the Boxers to expel foreigners from China | | | 1910 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for Theodore Roosevelt, on his return from Africa. | | | 1940 | Hitler and Mussolini confer in Munich | | | 1940 | Winston Churchill says "this was their finest hour" | | | 1942 | Churchill arrives in Washington to confer with FDR | | | 1942 | Dr. Bernard Whitfield Robinson becomes the first black officer in the Navy | | | 1944 | First Army isolates Cherbourg | | | 1944 | Japanese take Changsha, on the 3rd try. | | | 1945 | William "Lord Haw-Haw" Joyce, charged with treason | | 19 | 0 | Juneteenth | | | 0 | World Refugee Day | | | 240 | Eratosthenes calculates the circumference of the earth | | | 325 | Promulgation of the “Nicene Creed” during the Council of Nicaea | | | 870 | Zanji Kharijite rebels sack Ubulla, Persia | | | 987 | Louis IV crowned king of France | | | 1195 | Battle of Al Arcos: The Almohads defeat the Castillians | | | 1269 | Louis IX of Frances decrees Jews must wear a badge of shame | | | 1306 | Battle of Methven: The Earl of Pembroke defeats the Bruce's rebels | | | 1498 | Niccolo Machiavelli is appointed Secretary to the Signoria of Florence, effectively Minister of War | | | 1778 | Washington's troops leave Valley Forge | | | 1800 | Battle of Hochstadt: French defeat the Austrians | | | 1821 | Battle of Dragasani: Turks defeat the Greeks | | | 1864 | CSS Alabama sunk by USS Kearsarge off Cherbourg | | | 1865 | Slaves in Texas are freed by Union forces | | | 1868 | Maj Gen E R S Canby removes the anti-Reconstruction mayor of Columbia, SC | | | 1878 | Congress passes the Posse Comitatus Act, to prevent the Army from enforcing civil rights laws | | | 1933 | Austrian Premier Dollfuss bans Nazi-organizations | | | 1936 | Max Schmeling KOs Joe Louis | | | 1937 | Franco's Nationalists capture Bilbao from the Republicans | | | 1940 | Goring orders seizure of Dutch horses, cars, buses, and ships | | | 1942 | U.S. submarine S-27 lost by grounding in the Aleutians. | | | 1944 | "Marianas Turkey Shoot" - Battle of the Philippine Sea: by 21st Japanese lose 3 CVs, 426 a/c, US c. 70 a/c. | | | 1944 | French troops free Elba from the Nazis | | | 1947 | An F-80 becomes the first plane to exceed 600 mph | | | 1948 | USSR blocks access to West-Berlin: Berlin Blockade begins | | | 1963 | Valentina Tereshkova, the 1st woman in space, returns to Earth | | | 1967 | Muhammad Ali is convicted of refusing induction into the Army | | 20 | 1361 | Battle of San Ruffillo: The Papacy defeats the Visconti | | | 1402 | Battle of Angora: Mongols defeat Ottomans | | | 1481 | Ottoman Sultan Bajazet defeats his brother Prince Djem, who flees to Egypt, and later Italy | | | 1499 | Battle of Frastanz: The Swiss defeat the Hapsburgs | | | 1567 | Jews are expelled from Brazil by order of regent Don Henrique | | | 1593 | Battle of Sissex: The Hapsburgs defeat the Ottoman Turks | | | 1622 | Battle of Hochst: Imperialsts under Tilly and Cordoba defeat Christian of Brunswick | | | 1756 | Black Hole of Calcutta: Most of 146 British prisoners die | | | 1779 | American Revolution: Battle of Stone Ferry | | | 1782 | Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States | | | 1783 | Battle of Cuddalore: Suffren's French fleet defeats an English squadron off India | | | 1791 | Varennes: Louis XVI is caught trying to escape Revolutionary France | | | 1813 | U.S. gunboats engage three British ships at Hampton Roads, Va | | | 1815 | USN accepts steam battery Fulton I, at New York | | | 1837 | Accession of Queen Victoria, 18, to the British throne (1837-1901) | | | 1841 | Texas Pres. Lamar sends 321 men on ill-fated expedition to capture Santa Fe | | | 1864 | Battle of Abingdon, VA | | | 1864 | Battle of Kinston, NC | | | 1867 | US buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million | | | 1871 | Klansmen put on trial in federal court in Oxford, Miss | | | 1941 | The Army Air Corps is reorganized as the Army Air Forces | | | 1942 | Japanese sub I-26 shells Port Estevan, near Vancouver. | | | 1943 | Germans round up Jews in Amsterdam | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Japanese attack Australian 17th Bde on Mubo-Lababia Ridge | | | 1943 | Two days of race riots begin in Detroit, 30 die | | | 1944 | Philippine Sea: Japanese CV Hijo sunk by US air attack | | | 1947 | Congress charters Central Intelligence Agency | | | 1963 | Washington-Moscow "hot line" established | | 21 | 0 | Feast of St. Alban, Patron of Refugees | | | 217 | Battle of Lake Trasimenus: Hannibal defeats Rome | | | 1128 | Battle of Hackespol: The French defeat the Alsatians | | | 1495 | Battle of Seminara I: The French defeat the Neapolitans | | | 1498 | Emperor Maximillian orders Jews expelled from Nuremberg | | | 1502 | Cesare Borgia captures Urbino, aided by Leonardo's siege engines | | | 1655 | Battle off the Dardanelles: Venetian fleet defeats the Turks | | | 1776 | Conspiracy to assasinate George Washington uncovered in King’s County | | | 1813 | Battle of Vitoria: Wellington ousts the French from Spain | | | 1814 | Belgium annexed to the Kingdom of the Netherlands | | | 1824 | Turks-Egyptians storm Psara, Greece, slay or enslave the inhabitants | | | 1876 | Gen Terry sends Custer's 7th Cav to scout the Little Bighorn River | | | 1898 | US ships exchange fire with Spanish batteries at Santiago, Cuba | | | 1915 | Anti-British revolt in South Africa ends with arrest of Gen De Law | | | 1919 | Scapa Flow: Germans scuttle over 400,000 tons of warships | | | 1942 | Rommel takes Tobruk | | | 1943 | New Georgia: Marine 4th Raider Bn lands at Segi Point | | | 1943 | New Guinea: 112th Cavalry (dsmtd) lands on Woodlark Island | | | 1948 | Berlin Airlift begins | | | 1962 | USAF Maj Robert M White takes X-15 to 75,190 m | | | 1963 | Giovanni Battista Montini elected Pope, as Paul VI | | | 1964 | Civil Rights workers Andrew Goodman, James Cheney, & Michael Schwerner murdered by racists in Mississippi | | | 1993 | Madrid: Basque terrorist bombing, 7 killed, 24 injured | | 22 | 0 | Feast of St. Thomas More, Patron of Politicians & Statesmen | | | 168 | Battle of Pydna: Lucius Aemilius Paulus defeats Perseus of Macedon | | | 217 | Battle of Raphia: Egypt's Ptolemy IV defeats Syria's Antiochus III; only major engagement of African vs. Asian elephants | | | 816 | Election of Pope Stephen IV [V] (22 June 816-24 Jan 817) | | | 1402 | Battle of Nesbit Moor: the English defeat Scots raiders | | | 1402 | Battle of Pilleth/Bryn Glas: Owain Glen Dwyr's Welch beat Edward Mortimer's English | | | 1476 | Battle of Morat: The Swiss defeat the Burgundians | | | 1487 | Lorenzo the Magnificent's Florentines capture Sarzana | | | 1558 | The French liberate Thioville from the English | | | 1559 | Jewish quarter of Prague looted & burned | | | 1560 | Battle of Okehazama: Oda defeats Imagawa | | | 1593 | Battle of Sisak: Imperialists defeat the Turks | | | 1611 | Henry Hudson set adrift by mutineers in Hudson's Bay | | | 1634 | Battle of Landshut | | | 1636 | Battle of Tornavento: Charles de Crequi's Franco-Savoyard army defeats the Spanish | | | 1645 | Battle of Llorens: The French defeat the Spanish in Catalonia | | | 1670 | Battle of Bothweel Bridge: The Duke of Monmouth defeats the Scots Covenanters | | | 1772 | Judicial ruling effectively abolishes slavery in England | | | 1807 | HMS Leopard makes unprovoked attack on USS Chesapeake | | | 1808 | First Air Combat (Balloon): M. de Grandpre downs M. le Pique over Paris | | | 1815 | Napoleon I abdicates for the second time, after Waterloo | | | 1864 | Wilson's Raid: Battle of Ream's Station, Va | | | 1884 | Ellesmere I.: Cdr W S Schley rescues Lt A.W. Greely's marooned arctic expedition | | | 1898 | San Juan: US blockaders skirmish with Spanish ships. | | | 1898 | Santiago: US ships exchange fire with Spanish batteries | | | 1898 | U.S. V Corps commences landing at Siboney and Daiquiri, Cuba | | | 1898 | US ships bombard Aguadores, Cuba | | | 1906 | Coronation of Haakon VII as King of Norway (1905-1957), the first since 1314 | | | 1911 | Coronation of George V as King of Great Britain | | | 1915 | Austro-German forces capture Lemberg from the Russians | | | 1918 | Ivanhoe, Ill: Troop train rams a circus train, 68 die | | | 1938 | Joe Louis KOs Max Schmeling in 2:04, in Yankee Stadium | | | 1940 | France signs an armistice with Nazi Germany at Compiegne | | | 1941 | Operation Barbarossa Begins: Axis invade Russia | | | 1942 | The US introduces "V-Mail" for military personnel | | | 1944 | FDR signs "the GI Bill of Rights" | | | 1944 | Italian & British UDT sink German-held CA Bolzano, La Spezia | | | 1944 | Relief of Imphal: British and Indians end 10 week Japanese siege. | | | 1945 | Okinawa secured: 110,000 Japanese troops, 100,000 civilians, 17,520 US troops died | | | 1955 | Soviets shoot down US patrol plane over the Bering Sea | | | 1992 | Yekaterinburg: Remains of Tsar Nicholas II & his wife identified | | 23 | 1258 | Naval Battle of Acre: Venetians defeat the Genoese | | | 1287 | Battle of the Counts: Ruggiero di Lauria's Aragonese-Sicilian fleet defeats the Angevins off Naples, taking many noble prisoners | | | 1495 | French take Gaeta from the Neapolitans amid great slaughter | | | 1532 | Peace of Nuremburg: Charles V secures peace in Germany by making concessions to the Protestants | | | 1606 | Treaty of Vienna: The Habsburgs grant religious freedom to Protestants | | | 1757 | Battle of Plassey: Clive's 2,800 troops defeat 50,000 Sirajis | | | 1758 | Battle of Krefeld: Anglo-Hanoverians defeat the French | | | 1760 | Battle of Landshut: Austrians defeat the Prussians | | | 1784 | Edward Warrern, 13, takes the first balloon flight in the US | | | 1863 | William Rosecrans initiates the Tullahoma Campaign, TN | | | 1865 | Stand Watie surrenders the last Confederate force still in the field | | | 1898 | Spanish blockade runners escape US ships off Havana | | | 1902 | Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy renew the Triple Alliance for 12 years | | | 1915 | First Battle of the Isonzo begins (to Jul 7) | | | 1917 | Ammunition factory explosion in Boleweg, Bohemia, c. 1000 die | | | 1917 | Japanese DD Matsu sunk by a German u-boat in the Mediterranean. | | | 1933 | USS Macon (ZRS-5) is commissioned, the last Navy rigid airship | | | 1938 | Congress establishes the U.S. Maritime Service | | | 1939 | France turns the Sanjak of Alexandretta over to Turkey | | | 1942 | Rommel breaks the Gazala Line and drives on Egypt | | | 1943 | Japanese sub Ro-103 sinks two transports off Guadalcanal. | | | 1943 | Trobriand Is: 158th RCT lands on Kirwina | | | 1944 | Russians begin the Destruction of German Army Group Center | | | 1956 | Gamal Abdel Nasser becomes president of Egypt | | | 1960 | US-Japan security treaty signed | | | 1961 | Antarctic Treaty goes into effect | | | 1961 | USAF Maj Robert M White takes X-15 to 32,830 m | | | 1964 | Maxwell Taylor appointed ambassador to South Vietnam | | | 1985 | Bomb destroys Air India Boeing 747 off Ireland, 329 die | | | 1990 | Moldava declares independence from the Soviet Union | | 24 | 1128 | Battle of S. Mamede: Pr. Afonso of Portugal defeats his mother Queen Theresa, overthrowing her regency | | | 1298 | Jews massacred at Ifhausen, Austria | | | 1314 | Battle of Bannockburn: Robert the Bruce liberates Scotland from the English | | | 1322 | Jews are expelled from France for the third time | | | 1396 | Crusaders under the Count of Nevers reach Vienna, en route to Nicopolis and Constantinople | | | 1397 | Sultan Bajezid I ransoms Crusaders captured at Nicopolis | | | 1509 | Henry VIII is crowned King of England | | | 1540 | Henry VIII divorces Anne of Cleves, wife No. 4 | | | 1622 | Portuguese repulse Dutch attack on Macau | | | 1675 | Indians raid Swansee, initiating King Philip's War | | | 1762 | Battle of Wilhelmstahl: The Prussians defeat the French | | | 1793 | France adopts its first republican constitution | | | 1813 | Battle of Beaver Dam: British and Indians defeat US forces | | | 1817 | Nationalist outbreak at Macerata, the Papal States | | | 1821 | Battle of Carabobo: Bolivar defeats Royalists at Caracas | | | 1859 | Battle of San Martino: Sardinians defeat the Austrians | | | 1859 | Battle of Solferino: French defeat the Austrians | | | 1861 | Tennessee becomes 11th state to secede from the Union | | | 1862 | US ships support an Anglo-French attack on the Taku Forts, China | | | 1863 | Gettysburg Campaign: Lee crosses the Potomac | | | 1866 | Second Battle of Custoza: Austrians defeat the Italians | | | 1898 | San Juan: US blockaders & Spanish ships skirmish | | | 1898 | Skirmish at Las Guasimas, Cuba: US loses 16 KIA, Spanish 12 | | | 1914 | Aged Peter I of Serbia names his son Alexander Prince Regent | | | 1917 | Russian Black Sea fleet mutinies at Sebastopol | | | 1923 | Pope Pius XI condemns the Franco-Belgian occupation of the Rhur | | | 1940 | France signs an armistice with Italy | | | 1941 | Nazis exterminate entire male population of Gargzdai, Lithuania | | | 1942 | Japanese submarine I-25 shells Port Stevens, Oregon. | | | 1943 | Subhas Chandra Bose calls for Indian revolution against Britain | | | 1945 | Australians liberate Sarawak from the Japanese | | | 1961 | Iraq demands dominion over Kuwait | | | 1966 | Period of European Great Power peace following WW II exceeds that which follwed WW I | | 25 | 841 | Battle of Fontenay: Embroglio among Charlemagne's heirs | | | 1080 | Schismatic Council of Brixen declares Archbishop Guibert [Anti-]Pope as “Clement III” (1080-1100) | | | 1139 | Battle of Ourique: Porgual's Afonso I defeats the Moors | | | 1183 | Peace of Constance: the Lombards secure autonomy from the Holy Roman Empire | | | 1243 | Sinibaldo de' Fieschi elected Pope as Innocent IV (1243-1254) | | | 1279 | Accession of Ramsess II the “Great” as Pharoah of Egypt (1279-1213 BC) | | | 1298 | Massacre of 250 Jews at Rothenburg, Germany | | | 1386 | Battle of Brentelle: The Carrano defeat the Scaligers | | | 1569 | Battle of La Roche l'Abeille: French Huguenots defeat the Catholics | | | 1570 | Battle of Arnay-le-duc: French Catholics defeat the Huguenots | | | 1675 | A raiding Wampanoag Indian is shot by a colonist near Swansea, Mass., initiating “King Philip’s War” (1675-1676) | | | 1862 | Battle of Oak Grove, Va | | | 1863 | George Meade replaces Joe Hooker as CG, Army of the Potomac | | | 1864 | Petersburg: Union troops begin a tunnel under Confederate lines | | | 1870 | Isabella II of Spain abdicates after a 27-year reign | | | 1876 | Battle of the Little Big Horn: Crazy Horse does in Custer | | | 1898 | Skirmish at Aguadores, Cuba | | | 1905 | Polish uprising against Russian domination | | | 1920 | Greeks capture 8,000 Turkish troops at Smyrna | | | 1925 | Military coup by Gen. Theodorus Pangoulos in Greece | | | 1940 | Hitler tours Paris: Eiffel Tower, Napoleon's Tomb, the Opera | | | 1941 | FDR bars racial discrimination in war industries | | | 1941 | Finland declares war on the Soviet Union | | | 1942 | Eisenhower takes command of U.S. forces in Europe | | | 1942 | Papua: Australians form Maroubra Force for the Kokoda Trail | | | 1942 | RAF raids Bremen | | | 1942 | Sub Nautilus sinks Japanese DD Yamakaze, off Tokyo Bay | | | 1943 | Crematory III at Birkenau is finished | | | 1943 | Race riots in Detroit | | | 1943 | US submariners finally convince the Navy that its torpedoes suck | | | 1948 | Truman signs Displaced Persons Act: 205,000 refugees enter the US | | | 1950 | North Korea invades South Korea to "defend ourselves" | | | 1981 | Supreme Court holds male-only draft registration constitutional | | | 1991 | Slovenia and Croatia declare independence from Yugoslavia | | | 1991 | The last Soviet troops leave Czechoslovakia | | | 1996 | Dhahran, Saudi Arabia: Islamists bomb Khobar Towers, 19 Americans die, c. 500 Saudis & Americans injured | | 26 | 1242 | Battle of Kuzadagh: The Mongols defeat the Seljuks | | | 1249 | Battle of Fossalta: The Bolognese defeat the Modenese | | | 1402 | Battle of Casalecchio: Bolognese & Florenties under Giovanni I Bentivoglio of Bologna are defeated by Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan, the Malatesta of Rimini, & the Gonzaga of Mantua | | | 1483 | Richard III usurps the English throne, stashing Edward V & his brother in the Tower | | | 1707 | Marshal Daun's Austrian Army invades Spanish-held Naples | | | 1775 | Washington visits NY en route to assume command of the army at Boston. | | | 1794 | Battle of Fleurus: French defeat the Austro-English, to secure Belgium | | | 1830 | William IV, former naval person, ascends the British throne (1830-1837) | | | 1848 | Battle of Castrovillari: The Neapolitan Borbons defeat Sicilian-Calabrese revolutionaries | | | 1857 | Indian Mutiny: Cawnpore massacre | | | 1857 | Queen Victoria awards the first VCs, 62 veterans of the Crimea being decorated in a ceremony in Hyde Park | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Patterson's Ford/Kelly's Island, Va | | | 1862 | Beaver Dam Creek, Va: Union troops repulse Confederates | | | 1862 | Day 2 of the Seven Days: Battle of Mechanicsville | | | 1898 | Santiago: US and Spanish troops skirmish at Sevilla | | | 1898 | Santiago: US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire | | | 1902 | Britain establishes the Order of Merit | | | 1917 | First American combat troops arrive in France | | | 1924 | US Marines leave the Dominican Republic, after 8 years of occupation | | | 1934 | Germany and Poland sign a non-aggression pact | | | 1939 | Polish anti-aircrft gunners down a German plane that had “strayed” over the Hela Peninsula | | | 1941 | Nazi-collaborators in Lithuania massacre 2,300 Jews in Kovno | | | 1942 | NE New Guinea: Australian Kanga Force raids Salamaua | | | 1943 | Since Dec 7, 1941, Japan has lost 2 million g.r.t. of shipping | | | 1944 | Japanese capture U.S. airbase at Hengyang, China | | | 1963 | Berlin: Kennedy's "Ich bin ein Berliner" is wildly applauded | | | 1978 | Breton separatists bomb the Palace of Versailles | | 27 | 81 | First Day of Sulla's Triumph, for the defeat of Mithridates | | | 1136 | Naval Battle of Yell Sound, Shetlands: Earl Paul defeats Earl Ragnvald | | | 1276 | Pedro III "the Great" ascends the throne of Aragon (1276–1285) | | | 1684 | Battle of Vaccia: Imperialists defeat the Turks | | | 1693 | First Naval Battle of Lagos: English and Dutch defeat the French | | | 1743 | Battle of Dettingen: George II's Anglo-German army defeats the defeat French -- last occasion on which a British monarch commands in battle | | | 1787 | Edward Gibbon completes "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" | | | 1795 | Quiberon Bay: Anglo-French force lands to support counter-revolutionaries | | | 1806 | Buenos Aires is captured by the British | | | 1848 | Battle of Maida: Calabrese insurgents defeat Borbon troops | | | 1861 | Battle of Mathia's Point, VA: USN attacks Confederate batteries | | | 1862 | Day 3 of the Seven Days: Battle of Gaines' Mill | | | 1864 | Atlanta Campaign: Battle of Kennesaw Mountain | | | 1869 | Battle of Goryoˆkaku: The “Boshin War” ends in Japan, and with it the Tokugawa Shogunate | | | 1874 | Second Battle of Adobe Walls, Texas: Hunters beat off Indian attack | | | 1905 | The Potemkin Mutiny | | | 1918 | First use of parachutes to escape an aircraft in combat: two German airmen jump | | | 1923 | Yugoslav Premier Nikola Pachitch survives assassination attempt | | | 1926 | Office of the Assistant SecNav for Aeronautics created | | | 1927 | The USMC adopts "Sgt Jiggs," an English bulldog, as its mascot | | | 1940 | Francisco Franco sacks Air Minister MajGen Juan Yagüe, for poltting a pro-Axis coup. | | | 1941 | The Germans capture Bialystock | | | 1942 | Convoy PQ-17 leaves Iceland for Archangelsk | | | 1942 | FBI captures 8 Nazi saboteurs, landed by u-boat on Long Island | | | 1944 | American troops liberate Cherbourg from the Germans | | | 1945 | Moscow: Victory parade ends with German battle flags and banners being thrown at Stalin's feet, which causes him to promote himself to "Generalissimo of the Soviet Union" | | | 1950 | North Korean troops reach Seoul, as the Security Council calls on UN members to aid South Korea and Truman orders USAF & USN into action | | | 1950 | US sends 35 military advisers to South Vietnam | | | 1954 | CIA-sponsored rebels overthrow government of Guatemala | | | 1962 | Joseph Walker takes the X-15 to 6,606 kph and 37,700 m | | | 1976 | First women cadets enter the Air Force Academy | | | 1976 | Palestinians hijack an Israeli airliner, and eventually take it to Entebbe, Uganda | | 28 | 81 | Second Day of Sulla's Triumph, for the defeat of Mithridates | | | 1098 | Battle of Antioch: Crusaders defeat the Syrians | | | 1119 | Battle of Balat/Sarmada: Emir Ilghazi defeats the Principlaity of Antioch | | | 1147 | Afonso I of Portugal lays siege to Lisbon (falls Oct 24) | | | 1389 | Battle of Kosovo: Turks defeat the Serbs (OS = June 15) (see Deaths 1389, 1914; Events, 1900, 1914) | | | 1461 | Edward IV crowned king of England (1461-1470, 1471-1483) | | | 1495 | Battle of Seminara II: Bernard Stuart's French defeat Gonzalo de Cordoba, micromanaged by King Ferdinand | | | 1651 | Battle of Berestechko, 1st Day: Poles vs. Ukrainians & Tatars | | | 1675 | Brandenurgers under Frederick William "the Great Elector" defeat the Swedes | | | 1776 | Charleston repulses a British naval attack | | | 1778 | Battle of Monmouth: Washington ties the British | | | 1794 | Joshua Humphreys appointed master builder of the USN, at $2,000 a year | | | 1814 | USS Wasp captures HMS Reindeer | | | 1838 | Coronation of Queen Victoria in Westminster Abbey | | | 1862 | Day 4 of the Seven Days: First Day of Savage's Station | | | 1865 | CSS Shenandoah takes 11 American whalers, two months after Appomattox | | | 1900 | Marriage of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria to the Countess Sophie Chotek (See Events, 1389, 1914) | | | 1909 | 1st French air show, Concours d'Aviation opens | | | 1914 | Gavrilo Princep does his thing in Sarajevo (see Events, 1389, 1900, 1919) | | | 1919 | IN Louis XIV's Hall of Mirrors, Germany signs the Treaty of Versailles | | | 1929 | Venezuelan nationalist Rafael Simon Urbina captures Fort Amsterdam, Curacao, killing three Dutch soldiers before taking hostages and fleeing back to Venezuela | | | 1940 | Romania cedes Bessarabia to the Soviet Union | | | 1945 | Soviets set up a puppet "Polish Provisional Government" | | | 1948 | Berlin Airlift begins | | | 1956 | Two day anti-communist riots begin in Poznan, Poland, 38 die | | | 1965 | President Johnson orders US ground forces to Vietnam | | | 1968 | Daniel Ellsberg indicted for leaking the Pentagon Papers | | 29 | 626 | Avars & Persians invest Constantinople (retreat, 10 Aug 626) | | | 922 | Robert I proclaims himself King of France (June 29, 922-June 15, 923) | | | 1149 | Battle of Inab: Turks defeat the Principlaity of Antioch | | | 1236 | King Ferdinand III of Castilla-Leon liberates Cordoba from the Moors | | | 1308 | Battle of the River Dee: Edward Bruce defeats the English | | | 1312 | Coronation of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII (June 29, 1312-August 24, 1313) | | | 1377 | French naval raids on Rye, Folkestone, Portsmouth, Weymouth, Plymouth, Dartmouth, and Lewes | | | 1440 | Battle of Anghiari: The Anti-Visconti League (Revived) defeats the Visconti | | | 1529 | Peace of Barcelona: Pope Clement VII confirms Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor | | | 1575 | Battle of Nagashino: the Tokugawa defeat the Takeda | | | 1651 | Battle of Berestechko, 2nd Day: Poles vs. Ukrainians & Tatars | | | 1734 | War of the Polish Succession: Battle of Parma - Franco-Spanish forces defeat the Austrians | | | 1767 | British pass Townshend Acts, levying taxes on American colonies | | | 1835 | Battle of Anahuac: Texians capture Mexican garrison | | | 1858 | Treaty of Algun: China cedes Trans-Amur region to Russia | | | 1862 | Day 5 of the Seven Days: Second Day of Savage's Station | | | 1863 | Lee orders his forces to concentrate near Gettysburg | | | 1880 | France annexes Tahiti | | | 1898 | Rio San Juan, P.R: US landing party driven off, 1 killed | | | 1913 | Second Balkan War begins: Bulgaria attacks Greece and Serbia | | | 1932 | Military coup in Siam installs a constitutional monarchy | | | 1932 | USSR & China sign non-aggression pact | | | 1940 | US passes Alien Registration Act | | | 1944 | Bobriusk: Soviets encircle portions of German Army Group Center | | | 1945 | Operation Olympic: Truman sets the invasion of Japan for Nov 1st | | | 1945 | Typhoon off Okinawa damages many U.S. ships | | | 1949 | US troops withdraw from Korea after WW II | | | 1952 | USS Oriskany becomes the first aircraft carrier to round Cape Horn | | | 1965 | USAF Capt Joseph Henry Engle reaches 85,530 m in X-15 | | | 1966 | North Vietnam: US bombs fuel storage facilities | | | 1967 | Israel declares the reunification of Jerusalem | | | 1970 | US/ARVN end two month military offensive into Cambodia | | 30 | 296 | Consecration of Pope St. Marcellinus (296-304) | | | 1294 | Jews are expelled from Bern, Switzerland | | | 1409 | Battle of San Luri: The Aragonese defeat Arborea (Sardinia) | | | 1422 | Battle of Arbedo: The Milanese defeat the Swiss | | | 1520 | La Noche Triste: Cortez evacuates Tenochtitlan amid heavy losses | | | 1596 | The Earl of Essex sacks Cadiz | | | 1651 | Battle of Berestechko, 3rd Day: Poles defeat Tatars & Ukrainians | | | 1689 | Convention of Altoona: Peace between Denmark and Holstein-Gottorp | | | 1690 | Battle of Beachy Head: Torrington's Anglo-Dutch fleet defeats Tourville's French squadron | | | 1794 | Indians fail to capture Fort Recovery, Ohio Territory | | | 1807 | Battle of Lemnos: Russian squadron defeats the Turks | | | 1815 | USS Peacock takes HMS Nautilus, 6 months after the War of 1812 has ended | | | 1821 | First US rail movement of troops, to Baltimore to crush rioting | | | 1848 | Battle of Rotonda: Calabrese insurgents defeat Borbon troops | | | 1849 | The Republic of Rome surrenders to the French | | | 1859 | Franco-Piedmontese fleet begins operating in the Gulf of Venice | | | 1861 | CSS Sumter slips past USS Brooklyn, on blockade at the Head of Passes, Mississippi R. | | | 1862 | Day 6 of the Seven Days: White Oak Swamp/Frayser's Farm | | | 1863 | Chambersburg: Confederates destroy large stores of whiskey | | | 1865 | Eight are convicted in the assassination of Lincoln | | | 1871 | Peasant revolt in Guatemala over land reform | | | 1894 | Korea declares independence from China, asks for Japanese aid | | | 1898 | Manzanillo, Cuba: USN raids harbor, sinks several vessels | | | 1898 | Tayabacoa, Cuba: US landing party driven off | | | 1908 | The Tunguska Event | | | 1917 | Greece declares war on the Central Powers | | | 1934 | "The Night of Long Knives": Hitler's "blood purge" | | | 1936 | Haile Selassie asks League of Nations sanctions on Italy | | | 1936 | Publication of Margaret Mitchell's "Gone with the Wind" | | | 1939 | Heinkel He-176 rocket plane flies for 1st time, at Peenemunde | | | 1941 | Leading German Protestant clergymen congratulate Hitler on the invasion of the Soviet Union | | | 1941 | Pro-Nazi group declares Ukraine independent of the USSR | | | 1942 | Congress votes $42 billion (c. $650 billion today) for defense. | | | 1944 | General strike in Copenhagen to protest continued Nazi occupation | | | 1962 | The French Foreign Legion leaves Algeria for the last time | | | 1967 | Maj Robert H Lawrence Jr named 1st black astronaut | | | 1997 | Hong Kong reverts to China, ending 150 years of British rule |
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