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January Military History
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Born
| 1 | 1431 | Rodrigo Borja [Borgia] - Pope Alexander VI (1492-1503) | | | 1449 | Lorenzo "Il Magnifico" de'Medici - Lord of Florence, d. 1492 | | | 1467 | King Sigismund I "the Old" of Poland (1506-1548) | | | 1735 | Paul Revere, patriot, silversmith, gunfounder, d. 1818 | | | 1739 | Edmund Burke, Whig politician, author ("Reflections on the Revolution"), d. 1797 | | | 1745 | "Mad" Anthony Wayne, Revolutionary general, Victor of Stoney Point, Fallen Timbers, d. 1795 | | | 1752 | Elizabeth Griscom "Betsy" Ross, mythic flag maker, d. 1836 | | | 1819 | George Foster Shepley, Brig. Gen., U.S.V., d 1878 | | | 1823 | Sándor Petofi, Hungarian poet and revolutionary, kia 1849 | | | 1827 | William Lewis "Old Tige" Cabell, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1911 | | | 1838 | William Hugh Young, Brig. Gen., C.S.A., d 1901 | | | 1839 | James Ryder Randall, songwriter ("Maryland, My Maryland"), d. 1908 | | | 1839 | Maria Louise Rame - "Ouida", novelist ("Under Two Flags"), d. 1908 | | | 1887 | Wilhelm Canaris, German admiral and spymaster, executed by Hitler, 1945 | | | 1892 | Manuel Roxas y Acuña, 1st President of the Philippines (1946-1948), d. 1948 | | | 1895 | J. Edgar Hoover, d. 1972 | | | 1895 | Sean Aloysius O'Fearna - John Ford - naval officer, director ("Why We Fight"), d. 1973 | | | 1909 | Barry Goldwater, airman, senator, d. 1998 | | | 1909 | Dana Andrews, actor ("Battle of the Bulge"), d. 1992 | | | 1912 | Kim Philby, Soviet spy, member of the “Cambridge Five”, d. 1988 | | | 1930 | Gaafar Muhammad Nimeiry, President of Sudan (1969-1985), d. 2009 | | | 1938 | Queen Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard of Netherlands (1980- ) | | | 1947 | Vladimir G Titov, Russian cosmonaut (Soyuz T-8, etc.) | | | 1959 | Abdul Ahad Mohmand, Afghan cosmonaut (Soyuz TM-6) | | 2 | 1642 | Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV Avci (1648-1687), d. 1693 | | | 1647 | Nathaniel Bacon, of Bacon's Rebellion, executed 1676 | | | 1699 | Ottoman Sultan Osman III (1754-1757) | | | 1752 | Philip Freneau, Patriot poet ("The American Village"), d. 1832 | | | 1835 | Charles Russell Lowell Jr, Brig Gen, U.S., d/w 1864 | | | 1880 | Louis Breguet, French aviation pioneer, d. 1955 | | | 1899 | Paul-Henri Spaak, Secretary-General of NATO (1957-61), d. 1972 | | | 1920 | Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire (1950-2004), Military Cross, d. 2004 | | | 1920 | Isaac Asimov, Boys’ High alum, sometime soldier, author ("Foundation"), d. 992 | | 3 | 106 | Marcus Tullius Cicero, statesman, orator, philosopher, and even soldier, k. 43 BC | | | 700 | Isaiah [Trad] | | | 1763 | Joseph Fesch, churchman, kinsman to Napoleon, d. 1839 | | | 1777 | Maria Anna Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi, Princesse Française, Duchess of Lucca and Princess of Piombino, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Comtesse de Compignano, d. 1820 | | | 1883 | Clement Attlee, Maj., BEF, British PM (1945-51), d. 1967 | | | 1892 | J.R.R. Tolkien, Lancashire Fusilliers, 1914-1916, who wrote of battle, d. 1976 | | | 1901 | Ngo Dinh Diem, President of Vietnam (1955-63), k. 1963 | | | 1903 | Charles Foulkes, Canadian general, d. 1969 | | | 1905 | Ray Milland, Royal Horse Guards, actor ("Beau Geste"), d. 1986 | | | 1906 | Aleksei Grigor'evich Stakhanov, "Hero of Soviet Labor", d. 1977 | | | 1918 | Maxene Andrews, of the "Andrews Sisters", d. 1995 | | | 1922 | Morten Nielsen, Danish poet and resistance fighter, k. 1944 | | 4 | 1334 | Amadeo VI "The Green Count" of Savoy (1343-1383) | | | 1580 | Archbishop James Ussher, who "calculated" the age of the universe, d. 1665 | | | 1821 | John James Peck, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1878 | | | 1822 | Joseph Jones Reynolds, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1899 | | | 1823 | Peter Joseph Osterhaus, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1917 | | | 1838 | "General Tom Thumb" [Charles Stratton], d. 1883 | | | 1890 | Generaloberst Alfred Jodl, toady & war criminal, executed 1946 | | | 1906 | William Bendix, actor ("Wake Island"), d. 1964 | | | 1908 | Angela Maria "Geli" Raubal, Hitler's niece, posisble girl friend, d. in questionable circumstances, 1931 | | | 1913 | King Malietoa Tanumafili II of Samoa (1962-2007) | | | 1914 | Jean-Pierre Vernant, "Col Berthier" of the Resistance, classical scholar, d. 2006 | | | 1920 | William Colby, OSS, CIA, d. 1996 | | 5 | 1592 | Shah Jahan, Great Mogul of India (1628-58), who built the Taj Mahal, d. 1666 | | | 1759 | Jacques Cathelineau, Vendéan insurrectionist, kia. 1793 | | | 1779 | Stephen Decatur, naval hero, War of 1812, k. in a duel, 1820 | | | 1779 | Zebulon Pike, army explorer who found a mountain, kia 1813 | | | 1813 | Thomas Neville Waul, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1903 | | | 1822 | Joseph Brevard Kershaw, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1894 | | | 1828 | August Valentine Kautz, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895 | | | 1840 | John Doby Kennedy, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1896 | | | 1848 | Khristo Botev, Bulgarian soldier-poet, kia 1876 | | | 1876 | Konrad "Der Alte" Adenauer, German Chancellor, 1949-1963, d. 1967 | | | 1901 | Count Honore d'Estienne d'Orves, naval officer, "first martyr of Free France", executed 1941 | | | 1912 | Frank Pace Jr, Secretary of Army (1950-53), d. 1988 | | | 1921 | Grand Duke Jean d'Aviano of Luxembourg (1964- ) | | | 1928 | Zulfikar Ali Khan Bhutto, President of Pakistan (1971-1973), PM (1973-1977), executed 1979 | | | 1930 | Edward G Givens Jr, USAF, astronaut, d. 1987 | | | 1938 | King Juan Carlos I of Spain (1975- ) | | 6 | 1367 | King Richard II of England (1377-99), deposed and later murdered | | | 1412 | Joan of Arc, warrior maid, executed 1431, canonized 1920 | | | 1425 | King Henry IV "The Impotent" of Castile (1454-1474) | | | 1587 | Gaspar de Guzmán y Acevedo, 1st Count-Duke of Olivares, Spanish premier (1621-43), d. 1645 | | | 1745 | Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier, with his brother Joseph-Michel, co-inventor of ballooning, d. 1799 | | | 1799 | Jedediah Smith, mountain man, fur trader, Indian fighter, d. 1831 | | | 1807 | Joseph Holt, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1894 | | | 1822 | Heinrich Schliemann, who found Troy, d. 1890 | | | 1827 | John Calvin Brown, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1889 | | | 1827 | John Wesley Frazer, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1906 | | | 1854 | Sherlock Holmes | | | 1878 | Carl Sandburg, soldier, poet, biographer, d. 1967 | | | 1880 | Tom Mix, deserter, movie star, d. 1940 | | | 1897 | Peter Veres, Hungarian Minister of Defense (1947–1948), d. 1970 | | | 1899 | Alfonse Gabriel Capone, Brooklyn, entrepreneur, d. 1947 | | | 1905 | Eric Frank Russell, SOE toymaker, science fictioneer ("Wasp"), d. 1978 | | | 1911 | Eduardo Frei Montalva, President of Chile (1964-1970), d. 1982 father of Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President of Chile (1994-2000) | | 7 | 1502 | Ugo Buoncocampagni - Pope Gregory XIII (1572-1585) | | | 1528 | Queen Renant Jeanne III d'Albret of Navarra (1555-1572), mother of Henry IV of France | | | 1768 | Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples (1806-1808) and Spain (1808-1814), d. 1844 | | | 1799 | Daniel Tyler, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1882 | | | 1800 | Millard Fillmore, militiaman, President (1850-53), d. 1874 | | | 1808 | Jacob Ammen, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1894 | | | 1816 | Stephen Miller, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1881 | | | 1821 | Lucius Jeremiah Gartrell, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1891 | | | 1824 | James Morrison Hawes, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1889 | | | 1845 | King Ludwig III of Bavaria (1913-1918), deposed, d. 1921 | | | 1883 | Andrew Browne Cunningham, later Admiral of the Fleet, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope, KT, GCB, OM, DSO, d. 1963 | | | 1912 | Charles Addams, veteran, macabre cartoonist, d. 1988 | | | 1935 | Valeri Nikolayevich Kubasov, cosmonaut | | 8 | 1081 | Henry V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (1098/1111-25) | | | 1628 | François de Montmorency-Bouteville, duc de Luxembourg, Marshal of France, d. 1695 | | | 1814 | Thomas Green, Brig Gen, C.S.A., KIA by the U.S. Navy, 1864 | | | 1815 | George Webb Morell, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1883 | | | 1815 | Lawrence Pike Graham, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1905 | | | 1817 | John Selden Roane, Brig Gen, d. 1867 | | | 1821 | James "Old Pete" Longstreet, Lt. Gen., C.S.A., Lee's "Old War Horse", d. 1904 | | | 1830 | Gouverneur Kemble Warren, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1882 | | | 1851 | Gerad Leman, Belgian general, defender of Liege, 1914 | | | 1870 | Miguel Primo de Rivera Orbaneja, Spanish solider, dictator (1923-30), d. 1930 | | | 1902 | Georgy M Malenkov, Stalin's successor as head of CPSU, PM (1953-55), d. 1988 | | | 1912 | José Ferrer, actor ("Cockleshell Heroes"), d. 1992 | | | 1935 | Elvis Aaron Presley, sometime Sgt, 3rd Armored Division, d. 1977 | | 9 | 1554 | Alessandro Ludovisi - Pope Gregory XV (1621-1623)[or 15th] | | | 1822 | John Porter Hatchm Brig. Gen., U.S.V., d 1901 | | | 1908 | Simone de Beauvoir, Vichyite, feminist ("The Second Sex") | | | 1913 | Richard M. Nixon, sometime naval officer, President (1969-1974), d. 1994 | | | 1922 | Ahmed Sékou Touré, President of Guinea (1958-84), d. 1984 | | 10 | 1644 | Louis François, duc de Boufflers, comte de Cagny, Marshal of France, d. 1711 | | | 1738 | Ethan Allen, Green Mountain Boy, d. 1789 | | | 1769 | Michel Ney, Marshal of France, "Bravest of the Brave," executed, 1815 | | | 1815 | Alexander Brydie Dyer, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1874 | | | 1815 | Thomas Williams, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1862 | | | 1825 | Alexander Travis Hawthorn, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1899 | | 11 | 1757 | Alexander Hamilton, Maj. Gen., U.S., k. ina duel, 1804 | | | 1807 | Alfred Eugene "Mudwall" Jackson, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1814 | Richard Griffith, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862 | | | 1816 | Fitz-Henry Warren, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1878 | | | 1818 | John Reese Kenly, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1891 | | | 1831 | James Ronald Chalmers, Brig Gen, C.S., d. 1898 | | | 1839 | Eugenio Maria de Hostos, Puerto Rican scholar, patriot, d. 1903 | | | 1878 | Theodoros Pangalos, Greek general & dictator (1925-1926), d. 1952 | | | 1928 | David L Wolper, producer ("North & South ") | | 12 | 1562 | Duke Charles Emanuel I "the Great" of Savoy (1580-1630) | | | 1638 | Ernst Tarhemberg, Austrian field marshal, d. 1701 | | | 1737 | John Hancock, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1793 | | | 1751 | King Ferdinand III of Sicily (1759-1816) & IV of Naples (1759-1799, 1799-1806, 1815-1816), and Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (1816-1825), known as “The Nose" – a royal piece of work | | | 1792 | Robert Patterson, American soldier, d. 1881 | | | 1810 | King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies (1830-1859) | | | 1814 | Jones Mitchell Withers, Maj Gen, C.S., d. 1890 | | | 1819 | Zealous Bates Tower, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1900 | | | 1825 | Joseph R. Davis, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1896; inept nephew of Jefferson Davis | | | 1832 | Richard Waterhouse Jr, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1876 | | | 1852 | Joseph "Papa" Joffre, Marshal of France, d. 1931 | | | 1893 | Afred Rosenberg, Nazi war criminal, executed, 1946 | | | 1893 | Hermann Goring, Nazi war criminal, suicide to cheat the hangman, 1945 | | | 1902 | King Saud bin Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia (1953-1964) | | 13 | 1505 | Joachim II Hector, Prince-Elector of Brandenburg (1535–1571). | | | 1807 | Napoleon Bonaparte Buford, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1883 | | | 1808 | Salmon P. Chase, Lncoln's SecTres, d. 1873 | | | 1812 | Humphrey Marshall, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1872 | | | 1815 | William Henry French, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1881 | | | 1869 | Prince Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy-Aosta, 2nd Duke of Aosta, Italian General, d. 1931 | | | 1904 | Richard Stewart Addinsell, composer ("Warsaw Concerto" aka "Suicide Squadrons"), d. 1977 | | | 1913 | Irving “Jeff” Morrow, veteran actor ("Combat"), d. 1993 | | 14 | 1730 | William Whipple, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1785. | | | 1741 | Benedict Arnold, hero, traitor, d. 1801 | | | 1806 | Matthew Fontaine Maury, USN/CSN, "Father of American Oceanography", d. 1873 | | | 1819 | Frederick Steele, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1868 | | | 1831 | John Bullock Clark Jr, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1903 | | | 1836 | Hugh Judson Kilpatrick, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1881 | | | 1861 | Sultan Mehmed VI (1918-22), the 36th and last Ottoman, d. 1926 | | | 1875 | Albert Schweitzer, Peace Nobelist, d. 1965 | | | 1892 | Martin Niemoller, u-bootsman, clergyman, opponent of Hitler, d. 1984 | | | 1899 | Fritz Bayerlein, panzer leader, d. 1970 | | | 1901 | Carlos P Romulo, Philippine diplomat, politician, soldier, journalist, and author, d. 1985 | | | 1925 | Kimitake Hiraoka - Yukio Mishima, Japanese neo-fascist, seppuku 1970 | | 15 | 1432 | King Afonso V "the African" of Portugal (1438-1481) | | | 1485 | Catherine of Aragon, Mrs. Henry VIII No. 1, d. 1535 | | | 1504 | Michele Ghisleri - Pope St. Pius V (1566-1572) | | | 1716 | Philip Livingston, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1778. | | | 1815 | Henry Morris Naglee, saucy Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1886 | | | 1817 | Lewis Golding Arnold, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1871 | | | 1821 | John C. Breckinridge, Vice-President (1857-1861), Maj Gen, CSA | | | 1821 | Lafayette McLaws, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1897 | | | 1908 | Edward Teller, "Father of the H-Bomb," d. 2003 | | | 1918 | Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt (1954-1971) | | | 1920 | John J. O'Connor, Vicar-General of the Armed Forces, Archbishop of NY (1984-2000), d. 2000. | | | 1929 | Martin Luther King, k. 1968 | | | 1934 | David Chandler, historian ("The Campaigns of Napoleon"), d. 2004 | | 16 | 1409 | Rene I, King of Naples, Sicily, and Jerusalem (1435-1442) | | | 1807 | Charles Henry Davis, Rear Adm, U.S., d. 1877 | | | 1815 | Henry Halleck, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1872; "Old Brians" or "Woodenhead" | | | 1834 | Albert Lindley Lee, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1907 | | | 1837 | James Phillip Simms, Brig Gen, C.S., d. 1887 | | | 1901 | Fulgencio Batista, President of Cuba (1933-44, 1952-59) | | | 1910 | David McCampbell, Pacific War ace, 34 kills, d. 1996 | | | 1920 | Prince Joachim Murat, 7th Prince Murat & 6th Prince of Pontecorvo, kia, 1944 during the Liberation of France | | 17 | 1342 | Duke Philip II "the Bold" of Burgundy (1363-1404) | | | 1463 | Elector Frederick III "the Wise" of Saxony(1486-25), friend to Luther | | | 1504 | Antonio Ghislieri - Pope St. Pius V - (1566-72) | | | 1612 | Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, Parliamentary General, d. 1671 | | | 1706 | Benjamin Franklin, American, d. 1790 [NS] | | | 1732 | King Stanislaw II August Poniatowski of Poland (1764-95) | | | 1811 | Joshua Abraham Norton, "Norton I, Emperor of the United States, Protector of Mexico"(1859-1880), in England, d. 1880 | | | 1863 | David Lloyd George, PM of Britain, WW I, d. 1945 | | | 1871 | Adm. Sir David Beatty, d. 1936 | | | 1886 | Glenn Martin, aviation pioneer, d. 1955 | | | 1922 | Luis Echeverría Alvarez, President of Mexico (1970-1976) | | 18 | 1657 | Heinrich Casimir II of Nassau, general | | | 1752 | Prince Francesco Maria Caracciolo, Neapolitan admiral, executed by Nelson, 1799 | | | 1809 | Richard Caswell Gatlin, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1896 | | | 1813 | Joseph Farwell Glidden, inventor of barbed wire, d. 1906 | | | 1815 | James Chesnut Jr, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1885 | | | 1820 | Abraham Buford, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1884 | | | 1831 | Edward Ferrero, cowardly Brig. Gen., U.S., d. 1899 | | | 1835 | Cesar Antonovich Cui, Russian composer, fortification engineer, d. 1918 | | | 1857 | Otto von Below, German general, victor of Caporetto, d. 1944 | | 19 | 570 | Mohammed, d. 632 | | | 1544 | King Francis II of France (1559-60) | | | 1736 | James Watt, inventor of the practical steam engine, d. 1819 | | | 1807 | Robert Edward Lee, d. 1870 | | | 1809 | Edgar Allan Poe, West Point drop-out, d. 1849 | | | 1816 | Henry Gray, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1892 | | | 1830 | George Blake Cosby, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1909 | | | 1917 | Nigel Nicholson, Guardsman, litterateur, d. 2004 | | 20 | 225 | M. Antonius Gordianus Pius - Gordian III, Roman Emperor (238-244) | | | 1716 | King Charles IV of Naples (1732-1759) and III of Spain (1759-88) | | | 1831 | Pieter J Joubert, Commandant-General of the South African Republic (1880-1900), d. 1900 | | | 1930 | Edwin Aldrin, astronaut, 2nd man on the Moon | | 21 | 1338 | King Charles V "the Wise" of France (1364-80) | | | 1788 | William Henry Smyth, British astronomer, admiral, d. 1865 | | | 1813 | John C. Frémont, soldier, explorer, politician, d. 1890 | | | 1824 | Thomas J "Stonewall" Jackson, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863 | | | 1829 | King Oscar II Frederik of Sweden (1872-1907) and Norway (1872-1905), d. 1907 - the Sardine Man | | | 1855 | John M Browning, inventor of fine firearms, d. 1926 | | | 1867 | Gen. Maxime Weygand, d. 1965 | | | 1885 | Umberto Nobile, Italian general and aeronaut, d. 1978 | | 22 | 1440 | Grand Prince Ivan III "the Great" of Russia(1462-1505) | | | 1655 | Geleyn Evertsen, Dutch Admiral, d. 1711 | | | 1788 | George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron of Rochdale, Hellenophile, d. 1824 | | | 1800 | Nat Turner, of the "Great Southampton Slave Rebellion", executed 1830 | | | 1875 | D. W. Griffith, movie pioneer, racist ("Birth of a Nation"), d. 1948 | | | 1906 | Robert E. Howard, author ("Conan"), suicide 1936 | | 23 | 1730 | Joseph Hewes, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1779 | | | 1737 | John Hancock, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1793 | | | 1828 | Calvin Edward Pratt, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1896 | | | 1832 | Édouard Manet, French impressionist ("The Kearsarge & The Alabama"), d. 1883 | | | 1891 | Antonio Gramsci, Italian marxist, anti-fascist, anti-Stalinist, d. 1937 | | | 1897 | Subhas Chandra Bose, Indian nationalist, k. 1945 | | | 1898 | Randolph Scott, actor ("Gung Ho!"), d. 1987 | | | 1898 | Sergei Eisenstein, Soviet film maker ("Battleship Potemkin", "Alexandr Nevski"), d. 1948 | | | 1899 | Humphrey Bogart, steersman, USS Leviathan, WW I, actor ("Casablanca"), d. 1957 | | | 1914 | Prince Imperial Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, d. 1997 | | 24 | 76 | Publius Aelius Hadrianus - Hadrian, Roman Emperor (117-138) | | | 1444 | Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza of Milan (1466-1476), assassinated, 1476 | | | 1712 | King Frederick II "the Great" of Prussia (1740-86) | | | 1732 | Pierre de Beaumarchais, American agent, author ("The Barber of Seville"), d. 1799 | | | 1746 | King Gustav III of Sweden (1771-92) | | | 1820 | John Milton Thayer, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1906 | | | 1828 | Adam Jacoby Slemmer, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1868 | | | 1832 | John Pegram, Brig Gen, C.S.A., kia. 1865 | | | 1847 | Radomir Putnik, brilliant Serbian Field Marshal, d. 1917 | | | 1888 | Ernst Heinrich Heinkel, aircraft designer, d. 1958 | | | 1891 | Walter Model, German Field Marshal, Nazi | | | 1907 | Maurice Couve de Murville, Premier of France (1968-69), d. 1999 | | | 1915 | Ernest Borgnine, USN (195-1945), actor ("McHale's Navy") | | 25 | 749 | Byzantine Emperor Leo IV "the Khazar" (775-780) | | | 1759 | Robert Burns, poet, d. 1796 | | | 1839 | Seldon Connor, Brig. Gen., U.S.V., d. 1917 | | | 1841 | Admiral of the Fleet John Arbuthnot "Jackie" Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher of Kilverstone, d. 1920 | | | 1881 | Emil Ludwig, biographer ("Napoleon"), d. 1948 | | | 1933 | Maria Corazon "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino, Preisent of the Philippines (1986-1992), d. 2009 | | 26 | 1763 | Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, Marshal of France, King Charles XIV of Sweden (1818-1841) | | | 1814 | Rufus King, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1876 | | | 1816 | Lloyd Tilghman, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863 | | | 1819 | Abner Doubleday, Maj Gen, U.S, d. this day, 1893 | | | 1880 | General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, d. 1964 | | | 1887 | Adm. Marc "Pete" Mitscher, USN, d. 1947 | | | 1891 | Ilya Ehrenburg, Soviet war poet & propagandist (“Kill!”), d. 1954 | | | 1918 | Nicolae Ceaucescu, Romanian dictator (1965-1989), executed 1989 | | 27 | 1546 | Joachim Frederick, Prince-Elector of Brandenburg (1598-1608) | | | 1571 | Shah Abbas I "the Great" of Persia (1588-1629) | | | 1822 | Thomas Leiper Kane, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1883 | | | 1826 | Richard Taylor, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1879 | | | 1828 | Samuel Allen Rice, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864 | | | 1830 | William Henry Fitzhugh Payne, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1834 | Robert Sanford Foster, Maj Gen, U.S. | | | 1859 | Wilhelm II - "Kaiser Bill (1888-1918), d. 1940 | | | 1900 | Hyman Rickover, "Father of the Nuclear Navy," d. 1986 | | 28 | 1457 | Henry VII, first Tudor king of England (1485-1509) | | | 1600 | Giulio Rospigliosi - Pope Clement IX (1667-69) | | | 1693 | Tsarina Anna Ivanovna of Russia (1730-40) (OS, 2/7 NS) | | | 1717 | Ottoman Sultan Mustapha III (1757-74) | | | 1768 | King Frederick VI of Denmark (1808-39), Napoleon's ally | | | 1815 | Andrew Jackson Hamilton, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1875 | | | 1825 | George Edward Pickett, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1875 | | | 1828 | Thomas Carmichael Hindman, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1868 | | | 1831 | Henry Brevard Davidson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1899 | | | 1833 | Charles George 'Chinese' Gordon, kia, Khartoum, 1885. | | | 1841 | Henry M. Stanley, CS & US veteran, journalist, explorer, exploiter, d. 1904 | | | 1853 | Jose Marti y Perez, Cuban poet, nationalist, kia 1895 | | | 1909 | Lionel Crabb, British diver, disappeared 1957 | | | 1936 | Alphonso D'Abruzzo - Alan Alda, actor ("M*A*S*H") | | | 1948 | Mamoru Mohri, Japanese astronaut | | | 1950 | David Carl Hilmer, Marine, astronaut | | 29 | 133 | Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor (Mar 28-June 1, 193) | | | 1584 | Frederik Hendrik, Prince of Orange and Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel (1625-1647). | | | 1717 | Sir Jeffrey Amherst , Conqueror of Canada, d. 1797 | | | 1737 | Thomas Paine, Patriot, d. 1809 | | | 1756 | Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, cavalryman, reprobate, d. 1818; father to a more famous son. | | | 1801 | Horatia, daughter of Lord Nelson & Lady Emma Hamilton, d. 1881 | | | 1821 | Isaac Ferdinand Quinby, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1891 | | | 1823 | Franklin Gardner, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 173 | | | 1836 | Benjamin Franklin Potts, Bvt Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1887 | | | 1836 | James Meech Warner, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897 | | | 1843 | William McKinley, Bvt Maj, U.S., president, 1897-1901. | | | 1867 | Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, Valencian novelist ("Blood and Sand", "Four Horsemen of the Apocolypse"), d. 1928 | | | 1873 | Prince Luigi Amedeo of Savoy-Aosta, Duke of the Abruzzi, naval officer, explorer, d. 1933 | | | 1913 | Victor Mature, coastguardsman, actor ("Demetrius and the Gladiators"), d. 1999 | | | 1915 | Halfdan Rasmussen, Danish poet and resistance fighter | | 30 | 58 | Livia Drusilla, wife of Augustus, mother of Tiberius, d. AD 29 | | | 1797 | Edwin Vose Sumner, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1863 | | | 1816 | Nathaniel Prentiss Banks, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1894 | | | 1822 | John Basil Turchin [Ivan B Turchinoff], Brig Gen, U.S., 1901 | | | 1829 | Alfred Cummings, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1910 | | | 1841 | Alfred Townsend George, Civil War journalist, d. 1914 | | | 1844 | Moritz von Bissing, German Military Governor of Belgium (1914-17), war criminal, d. 1917 | | | 1882 | FDR, the Commander in Chief, 1933-1945 | | | 1894 | King Boris III of Bulgaria (1918-1943) | | | 1912 | Barbara W. Tuchman, historian ("The Guns of August"). D. 1989 | | | 1915 | John D Profumo, scandalous British Secretary of State for War, d. 2006 | | | 1921 | Helene Deschamps Adams, Heroine of the resistance, d. 2006 | | | 1927 | Olof Palme, Swedish Premier (1969-76, 1982-86), assassinated 1986 | | 31 | 36 | Antonia Minor, daughter of Marc Antony & Octavia, mother of Claudius, d. AD 37 | | | 1512 | Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal (1579-1580), d. this date 1580, leaving the throne to Spain | | | 1612 | Count Hendrik Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz, d. 1640 | | | 1620 | Georg von Waldeck, German general | | | 1734 | Robert Morris, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, & the Constitution, d. 1806 | | | 1810 | Daniel Ruggles, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1897 | | | 1818 | William Raine Peck, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1871 | | | 1923 | Norman Mailer, veteran, novelist ("The Naked & the Dead"), d. 2007 |
Died
| 1 | 404 | St Telemachus, slain by irate fans for trying to stop a gladiatorial fight | | | 898 | Odo I/Eudes I, c. 38, Count of Paris, King of the Western Franks (888-898) | | | 962 | Boudouin/Baldwin III, c. 20 Co-Count of Flanders (958-962) | | | 1387 | King Charles II "The Bad" of Navarre (1349-1387), at c. 55 | | | 1515 | King Louis XII "the Justified" of France (1498-1515), at 52 | | | 1557 | Jacques Cartier, French explorer, 66 | | | 1559 | King Christian III of Denmark and Norway (1534-59), 55 | | | 1560 | Guillaume du Bellay, Le Sieur de Langey, c. 51, French soldier & diplomat | | | 1766 | James Francis Edward Stuart, 77, "The Old Pretender" Jacobite King James III of England and Ireland & James VIII of Scotland (1701-1766) | | | 1787 | Arthur Middleton, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, at 44 | | | 1877 | Former Black Seminole Indian Scout Adam Paine (c. 35), shotgunned by Deputy Sheriff Claron Windus, both men being holders of the Medal of Honor | | | 1950 | Leslie William Coffelt, 39, White House Police, killed by Puerto Rican nationalists attempting to assassinate Pres Truman | | | 1961 | Dashiell Hammett, 66, veteran, novelist ("The Maltese Falcon") | | | 1969 | Ian Fleming, 56, imaginative secret agent, author ("James Bond") | | | 1972 | Maurice Chevalier, 86, poilu, entertainer, quasi-collaborator | | | 1992 | Grace Hopper, Admiral of the Cyber Sea, at 85 | | | 2008 | Erich Kaestner, 107, last German veteran of WW I | | 2 | 17 | Publius Ovidius Naso, naughty poet, in exile at 61 | | | 18 | Titus Livius - Livy, 76, Roman historian, in his beloved Padua | | | 1322 | King Phillip V "The Tall" of France (1317-22), c. 28 | | | 1536 | John of Leiden, c. 25, Anabaptist "Prophet" and rebel, executed | | | 1591 | Alfonso Piccolomini, Duke of Montemarciano, Condotierro, bandit chief, hanged at Florence at 41. | | | 1698 | Pietro and Violante Comparini, murdered by Count Guido Franceschini, their son-in-law | | | 1861 | King Frederik Willem IV of Prussia (1849-1861), at 65 | | | 1863 | Roger W. Hanson, Brig. Gen., C.S.A., kia at 35 | | | 1904 | Lt. Gen. James Longstreet, C.S.A., b. 1821 | | | 1921 | Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, 64, who scorned "a mere scrap of paper" | | | 1945 | Adm. Sir Betram Home Ramsay, mastermind of Dunkirk, at 61 | | | 1955 | President Jose Antonio Remon of Panama (1952-55), 46, assassinated | | | 1995 | Pres Siad Barre of Somalia (1969-91), at 84 | | | 2000 | Patrick O'Brien, 85, author ("Master and Commander") | | | 2008 | George MacDonald Fraser, 82, soldier, author ("Flashman" - "Quartered Safe Out Here") | | 3 | 236 | Pope St. Anterus (21 Nov 235-3 Jan 236) | | | 1322 | King Philip V "the Tall" of France (1316-1322), b. 1293 | | | 1543 | João Rodrigues Cabrilho, c. 42, Explorer, Conquistador | | | 1571 | Elector Joachim II Hector of Brandenburg (1535–1571), 65 | | | 1670 | George Monk, Duke of Albemarle, sometime "General at Sea," restorer of the English monarchy, at 61 | | | 1923 | Jaroslav Hasek, 39, former soldier of the k-u-k, Czech satirist ("Good Soldier Schveik") | | | 1931 | Joseph "Papa" Joffre, Marshal of France, at 78 | | | 1933 | Wilhelm Cuno, German Chancellor (1922-23), at 56 | | | 1946 | William "Lord Haw Haw" Joyce, 39, hanged for treason | | 4 | 838 | Babak Khorramdin, executed at Samarra, ending a 34 year Persian nationalist rebellion against the Sunni Abbasids | | | 1248 | King Sancho II of Portugal (1233-1247), deposed, b. 1207 | | | 1424 | Muzio Attendolo Sforza, Condottiero, drowned at 53 | | | 1695 | François de Montmorency-Bouteville, le duc de Luxembourg, Marshal of France, b. 1628 | | | 1701 | Ernst Tarhemberg, Hapsburg field marshal, at 62 | | | 1707 | Louis William, Margrave of Baden (1677-1707), Imperial field marshal | | | 1729 | Lt. Gen. Joseph de Montesquiou, le Comte d'Artagnan, at 77 | | | 1794 | Count Nikolaus von Luckner, Marshal of France, guillotined, 8 days shy of his 72nd birthday | | | 1913 | Alfred von Schlieffen, 79, german field marshal who had a "perfect plan" | | | 2008 | Sir Edmund Hillary, airman, conqueror of Everest, at 88 | | | 2010 | Tsutomo Yamaguchi, 93, who survived both the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings | | 5 | 62 | Lucius Sergius Catilina, c. 44, Roman putschist, kia at Pistoria, reputedly along with c. 10,000 adherents | | | 842 | Caliph Al-Mu'tasim of Baghdad (833-842), at c. 52 | | | 1066 | King Edward the Confessor of England (1043-66) | | | 1336 | Francesco Manfredi, Lord of Valdinoce, c. 45, condottiero, Captain General of the Papal Army, murdered by Lamberto Malatesta | | | 1387 | King Pedro IV of Aragon and much else besides (1336-1387)) at 67 | | | 1400 | Matteo Colonna, Roman Noble, hanged at Rome | | | 1425 | John III the Pitiless, 48, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (1374-1425), Prince-Bishop of Liège (1389-1418), Count of Holland & Hainaut (1418-1425), poisoned | | | 1477 | Charles "the Bold", Duke of Burgundy (1467-1477), 43, his sparse brains having encountered a Swiss halberd | | | 1531 | Zahir al-Din Mohammed Babur Shah, the First Mogul, at 47 | | | 1537 | Alessandro de Medici, 26, Duke of Florence (1532-1537), assassinated | | | 1588 | Qi Jiguang, 59, Ming general, restorer of the Great Wall | | | 1589 | Catherine de Medici, Queen of France (1547-1559), at 69 | | | 1592 | Duke Willem II the Rich of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1539-1592), at 75 | | | 1827 | Frederick, Duke of York, at 63 | | | 1858 | Johann Radetzky von Radetz, Austrian field marshal, at 91 | | | 1941 | Amy Johnson, aviatrix, plane crash, b 1903 | | 6 | 1448 | Christopher III of Bavaria, King of Denmark (1440–1448), Sweden (1441–1448), & Norway (1442–1448), 29 | | | 1693 | Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV Avci (1648-1687), 51 | | | 1694 | Francesco Morosini, Venetian admiral, on campaign at 75 | | | 1698 | Pompilia Comparini, 17, mortally wounded Jan 2nd by her husband, Count Guido Franceschini, 15 days after bearing his heir | | | 1799 | Willem Georg Frederik, Prince of Orange-Nassau, 25 | | | 1919 | Theodore Roosevelt, Medal of Honor, Nobel Peace Prize, at 60 | | | 1945 | LtGen Herbert Lumsden, CB, DSO, MC, Churchill's personal representative to MacArthur's HQ, 47, kamikaze strike on the bridge of the USS New Mexico (BB-40) | | | 1989 | Hirohito, the Showa Emperor of Japan (1926-89), at 87 | | | 2006 | CWO Hugh Thompson, who saved lives at My Lai, at 62. | | | 2007 | Roberta Wohlsteter, historian (“Pearl Habor: Warning & Decision”), at 94 | | 7 | 1285 | King Charles I d'Anjou of Naples (1266-1285) & Sicily (1266-1282), at 58 | | | 1325 | King Diniz "the Justified" of Portugal (1279-1325), b. 1261 | | | 1451 | Count Amadeus VIII of Savory (Anti-pope "Felix V"), at 67 | | | 1598 | Tsar Theodore I of Muscovy (1584-1598), the last Rurik, at 40 | | | 1655 | Pope Innocent X - Giambattista Pamfili - (1644-55), at 80 | | | 1695 | Queen Mary II Stuart of England (1688-1694), at 32 (Mrs. William III) | | | 1892 | Khedive Muhammed Tewfik Pasha of Egypt (1879-1892), at 39 | | 8 | 624 | Abu Sufjan ibn Harb of the Quraysh, Lord of Mecca, kia against Mohammed | | | 1107 | King Edgar of Scotland (1197-1007), at c. 35 | | | 1198 | Pope Celestine III - Giacinto Bobone Orsini (1191-1198), at c. 90 | | | 1353 | Don Carlos de la Cerda, 26, Count of Angoulême (1350–1354), Constable of France, murdered in a court intrigue | | | 1502 | Giovanni Fogliani, Lord of Fermo, his son Gennaro Fogliani, his brother-in-law Raffaele della Rovere (son of Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere, later Pope Julius II]), Raffaele’s two young sons, snatched from their mother's arms, and many others | | | 1536 | Catherine of Aragon, Mrs Henry VIII No. 1, 51 | | | 1547 | King Henry VIII of England (1509-1547), 55 | | | 1598 | Elector Johan Georg of Brandenburg(1571-91), 74 | | | 1711 | Philips van Almonde, Admiral of Zealand, at 66 | | | 1811 | Samuel Story, Dutch admiral, loser at Camperdown, at 58 | | | 1842 | Pierre Jacques Étienne Cambronne, Viscount Cambronne, 71, French general who once said "Merde!" | | | 1880 | Norton I, Emperor of the United States & Protector of Mexico (1859-1880), in San Francisco at 69 | | | 1922 | Charles Young, first black U.S. Army colonel, at 58, in Lagos, Nigeria | | | 1941 | Lord Robert Baden Powell, of the Boy Scouts, at 83 | | | 1996 | François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-95) | | 9 | 639 | Dagobert I of the Franks, King of Austrasia, Soissons, Burgundy, & Neustria (603-639) | | | 1324 | Marco Polo, Venetian merchant, globe trotter, naval officer, b. 1254 | | | 1453 | Stefano Porcari, c. 50, executed at Rome for planning a Republican coup against Pope Nicholas V | | | 1499 | Elector Johan Cicero of Brandenburg (1486-1499), at 43 | | | 1514 | Anne, Duchess of Brittany (1488-1514), 36, last independent Breton ruler, wife to King Charles VIII of france | | | 1569 | St. Philip II of Moscow, 61, Primate of the Russian Church, slain by Ivan the Terrible | | | 1800 | Jean Étienne Championnet, French general, looter, c. 38 | | | 1873 | Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte, 64, President of France (1848-1852), Emperor Napoleon III (1852-1870), at 64 | | | 1878 | King Victor Emanuel II of Sardinia (1849-61) and Italy (1861-78), at 77 | | | 1879 | Captain General Joaquin Espartero, Viceroy of Navarre, at 86 | | | 1927 | Houston Chamberlain, Anglo-German racial theorist, at 71 | | | 1995 | Prince Souphanouvong, President of Laos (1975-87), at 85 | | | 2007 | Jean-Pierre Vernant, "Col Berthier" of the Resistance, classical scholar, at 93. | | | 2009 | Jay Luvass, historian (“The Military Legacy of the Civil War: The European Inheritance”), at 81 | | 10 | 681 | Pope St. Agatho (678-81) | | | 976 | Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes (969-976), c. 50 | | | 1271 | Count Otto II "the Lame" of Gelre (1229-1271), c. 55 | | | 1276 | Pope Bl. Gregory X - Teobaldo Visconti (1271-1276) at c. 65 | | | 1421 | Niccolò I Trinci (c. 40) & Bartolomeo Trinci (c. 38), Co-Lords of Foligno (1412-1421), condottiero, assassinated, along with most of their kin in an attempted coup which only their youngest brother survives. | | | 1645 | Archbishop Laud, 72, beheaded by the Roundheads for "treason" in London | | | 1761 | Admiral Edward Boscawen, 50, conqueror of Louisbourg | | | 1775 | Yemelyan Ivanovich Pugachev, c. 33-35, the Pseudo-Peter III, Russian usurper, executed | | | 1824 | King Victor Emanuel I of Sardinia (1802-21), 63 | | | 1862 | Samuel Colt, at 47, firearms designer, just as business was getting good | | | 1917 | William F. Cody - "Buffalo Bill" - b. 1846 | | 11 | 314 | Pope St. Miltiades (c. 310-314) | | | 705 | Pope John VI (701-705) | | | 1055 | Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos (1042-1055), c. 54 | | | 1797 | Francis "Lightfoot" Lee, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, at 62 | | | 1843 | Francis Scott Key of "The Star Spangled Banner", at 63 | | | 1893 | Benjamin F Butler, Maj Gen, U.S., who proved every woman in New Orleans was a lady, at 74 | | | 1923 | King Constantine I of Greece (1913-17, 20-22), at 54 | | | 1943 | Carlo Tresca, c. 63, anarchist, anti-fascist, murdered in New York | | | 1944 | Galeazzo Ciano, 40, Italian politician, executed by his father-in-law, Mussolini | | | 1952 | Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, Marshal of France, at 61 | | | 1953 | Ernst H Ridder Rappard, Dutch Nazi, at 53 | | | 1954 | Oscar Straus, Austrian composer ("Brave Soldier"), at 83 | | | 1955 | Rodolfo Graziani, Italian general, at 72 | | | 1977 | Princess Lelia of Sermoneta, at 64; last of a 1000 year old dynasty | | | 1988 | Gregory "Pappy" Boyington, of the "Black Sheep", MoH, b. 1912 | | 12 | 1519 | Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I von Habsburg (1493-1519), at 59 | | | 1789 | Ethan Allen, Green Mountain Boy, accidentally drowned while drunk, 1789 | | | 1789 | Ethan Allen, Green Mountain Boy, accidentally drowned while drunk, 1789 | | | 2008 | Bill Stone, Royal Navy veteran, last survivng Briton to have served in both world wars, at 108 | | 13 | 86 | Gaius Marius, two weeks into his seventh consulship, at c. 70 | | | 858 | King Ethelwulf of Wessex (839-858), kia at c. 58 | | | 888 | Charles III "the Fat," 49, King of East Francia (882-888), of West Francia (884-888), a few weeks after being deposed | | | 1049 | Count Dirk IV of Holland (1039-49), kia at c. 25 | | | 1177 | Heinrich Babenberg, c. 70, Count Palatine of the Rhine (1140-1141) &, Margrave of Austria (1141-1156) as Heinrich II & Duke of Bavaria (1141-1156) and of Austria, (1156-1177) as Heinrich XI | | | 1330 | Frederick the Fair von Hapsburg, c. 40, Duke Frederick I of Austria (1308–1330) and King Frederick III.of Germany (1314–1330) | | | 1414 | 45 Lollard rebels, executed in England | | | 1759 | The Duke of Aveiro, the Marquis of Tavora and his wife, and various of their servants, executed for treason in Lisbon | | | 1929 | Wyatt Earp, at 80, in bed, in Hollywood | | | 1934 | Jean-Baptiste Marchand, daring soldier and explorer, at 70 | | | 1986 | Pres Abdel Fattah Ismail of Yemen (1969-80), c. 46, murdered | | | 1988 | Pres Chiang Ching-kuo of Taiwan (1978-88), at 81 | | 14 | 936 | Rudolph, Duke of Burgundy (921-923), King of Western Francia (923-926) | | | 1163 | King-Aspirant Ladislaus II Arpad of Hungary (1162-63), c. 30 | | | 1301 | King Andreas III Arpad of Hungary (1290-1301), at 50 | | | 1595 | Archduke Ferdinand II of "Furher Austria" (1564-1595), 67 | | | 1766 | King Frederik V of Denmark & Norway (1746-66), at 42 | | | 1909 | Adm Sinovi Rozhestvensky, who lost the big one at Tsu-Shima, 60 | | | 1948 | Ans Van Dike, Dutch Nazi-collaborator, executed | | | 1972 | King Frederick IX of Denmark (1947-1972), b. 1899 | | | 1977 | Sir Anthony Eden, 79, WW I veteran, Military Cross, sometime PM of Britain (1955-1957) | | 15 | 69 | Roman Emperor Servius Sulpicius Galba (June 68-Jan 15, 69), 70, L. Calpurnius Piso, 30, his adopted heir, murdered in the Forum, and Praetorian Centurion Sempronius Densus, killed trying to defend them | | | 1208 | Pierre de Castelnau, Papal Legate, murdered by the Cathars, initiating the Albigensian Cursade | | | 1519 | Vasco Nuñez de Balboa, Conquistador, beheaded at 41 on trumped up charges of treason | | | 1705 | Earl Walraad "the Young" of Nassau-Ottweiler | | | 1896 | Matthew B Brady, photographer, c. 72 | | | 1919 | Karl Liebknecht (47) and Rosa Luxemburg (47), communist revolutionaries, murdered by the Freikorps in Berlin | | | 1926 | John Harling, 93, the last known veteran of the "Light Brigade". | | | 1988 | Sean MacBride, sometime commander of the IRA, at 83 | | | 1996 | King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho (1966-90), 51 | | 16 | 309 | Pope St. Marcellus I (308-309) | | | 1343 | Robert "the Wise" of Anjou, c. 65, Duke of Calabria (1296–1309), titular King of Jerusalem of Naples (1309-1343) and Count of Provence and Forcalquier (1309–43). | | | 1443 | Erasmo da Narni - "Gattamelata", Lord of Padua, condottiero, at c. 72 | | | 1595 | Ottoman Sultan Murad III (1574-1595), 49 | | | 1794 | Edward Gibbon, militiaman, historian, at 56. | | | 1942 | Carole Lombard, 33, actress, plane crash during a war bond drive | | | 1957 | Arturo Toscanini, anti-fascist conductor, at 89 | | 17 | 395 | Roman Emperor Theodosius I the Great (379-395), at 49 | | | 1229 | Bishop Albert of Riga, c. 63, Builder of Riga, Founder of the Knights of the Sword | | | 1305 | Ruggiero di Lauria, Sicilian-Aragonese admiral, at c. 60 | | | 1468 | Gjergj Kastrioti Scanderbeg, 62, Albanian national hero | | | 1844 | Attilio and Emilio Bandini and 18 other Italian nationalists, executed for insurrection at Naples | | | 1861 | Lola Montez, adventuress, with a talent for orality, at 39 | | | 1893 | Rutherford B Hayes, general, President (1877-81), at 70 | | | 1957 | Humphrey Bogart, 57, veteran, actor ("The Caine Mutiny") | | | 1961 | Patrice Lumumba, African revolutionary, murdered at 36 | | 18 | 52 | Publius Clodius Pulcher, c. 40, in a brawl on the Appian Way with Titus Annius Milo | | | 474 | Eastern Roman Emperor Leo I (457-474), at c. 74 | | | 1169 | Vizier Shawar of Egypt (1162-1169), beheaded by order of Saladin | | | 1367 | King Pedro I "the Just" of Portugal (1357-1367), 46 | | | 1479 | Duke Louis IX "the Rich" of Bavaria (1450-1479), 59 | | | 1503 | Francesco Orsini, the Duke of Gravina, and Paolo Orsini, his cousin, drowned by Michelloto Coreglia, agent of Cesare Borgia | | | 1862 | John Tyler, militiaman, president (1841-1845), at 71 | | | 1890 | Amadeo I of Savoy, sometime king of Spain (1870-73), 44 | | | 1936 | Rudyard Kipling, author & poet ("Gunga Din"), 70 | | | 1965 | Gen. Maxime Weygand, at 98 | | | 1991 | Hamilton Fish III, veteran, congressman, isolationist, at 102 | | 19 | 1406 | Jacopo da Carrara, Lord of Padova, condottiero, assassinated, at c. 25 | | | 1629 | Shah Abbas I "the Great" of Persia (1588-1629), at 57 | | | 1871 | Alexandre-Georges-Henri Regnault, French artist, kia at 27 | | | 1927 | Carlotta, sometime Empress of Mexico (1864-67), at 87 | | 20 | 250 | Pope St Fabian (236-250), martyred at Rome | | | 288 | St. Sebastian, Imperial Guardsman, martyred at Rome | | | 842 | Byzantine Emperor Theophilus II (829-842), at c. 30 | | | 1479 | King John II of Aragon (1458-1479), 82 | | | 1612 | HRE Rudolph II von Hapsburg (1576-1612), King of Hunary and Bohemia, Archduke of Austria, 59 | | | 1639 | Ottoman Sultan Mustafa I (1617-1618 & 1622-23), c. 48 | | | 1745 | Charles VII Albert, Holy Roman Emperor, husband to Maria Teresa, 47 | | | 1819 | Carlos IV, former King of Spain (1788-1808), 70 | | | 1862 | Felix Zollicoffer, Brig Gen, C.S.A., KIA, 49 | | | 1936 | King George V of Great Britain, Emperor of India (1910-36), 70 | | | 1948 | Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, The Mahatma, assassinated at 78 | | | 2010 | Mahmoud al-Mabhouh, 49, military leader of Hamas, killed by electrocution, in Dubai | | 21 | 1774 | Ottoman Sultan Mustafa III (1757-1774), at c. 57 | | | 1793 | King Louis XVI of France (1774-1792) - "Citizen Capet", beheaded by the Revolutionaries for treason | | | 1859 | Henry Hallam, historian ("View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages"), 71 | | | 1885 | Hermione Baker (18), of typhoid, the fiancé of Horatio Kitchener (33), who would never marry. | | | 1924 | V.I. Lenin, intellectually-inclined mass murderer, 53 | | 22 | 1336 | Count Louis III of Loon (1203 – 1207) | | | 1552 | Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, "Lord Protector of England," Guardian of Edward VI, beheaded for treason, 44 | | | 1798 | Lewis Morris, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, at 71 | | | 1901 | Queen Victoria (1837-1901), at 81 | | | 1922 | Pope Benedict XV (Giacomo de Chiesa)(1914-22), at 67 | | | 1968 | Duke Kahanamoku of Hawaii, Olympian, at 77 | | | 1973 | Lyndon B Johnson, sometime naval officer, President (1963-1969), at 64 | | | 1979 | Ali Hassan Salameh [Abu Hassan], Munich Olympic terrorist, car bomb at c. 38 | | | 1982 | Pres Eduardo Frei Montalva of Chile (1964-70), at 71 | | | 1988 | Georgi M Malenkov, Soviet premier (1953-55), at 86 | | 23 | 1002 | Holy Roman Emperor Otto III (983/996-1002), at 21 | | | 1516 | King Ferdinand II of Aragon & Sicily (1497-1516), at 63 | | | 1567 | Estacio de Sa, Portuguese explorer, d/w, Rio de Janeiro, c. 47 | | | 1570 | Earl of Moray, Regent of Scotland (1567-1570), c. 39, assassinated | | | 1800 | Edward Rutledge, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, at 50 | | | 1806 | William Pitt the Younger, PM (1783-1806), at 46 | | | 1926 | Cardinal Desire J. Mercier, Hero of the Belgian Resistance, at 74 | | | 1945 | elmuth James Graf von Moltke, politician, anti-Nazi, executed, 37 | | | 2004 | Bob Keeshan, Marine, "Claribell" and "Captain Kangaroo", 76 | | 24 | 41 | Caligula, Roman Emperor (37-41), assassinated by Cassius Chaerea, at 28, while the Praetorians kill his wife Caesonia, c. 34, and their daughter Julia Drusilla, c. 3 | | | 661 | Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib(656-61), son-in-law of Mohammed, murdered, 62 | | | 772 | Pope Stephen III [IV] (768-72), c. 51 | | | 817 | Pope Stephen IV [V] (22 June 816-24 Jan 817) | | | 1336 | King Alfonso IV the "Benificent" of Aragon (1327-36), 36 | | | 1494 | King Ferrante I of Naples (1458-1494), c. 70 | | | 1547 | Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, poet, 4, executed for treason | | | 1597 | Count Jean de Rie of Varas, kia, Turnhout | | | 1639 | George Jenatsch, leader of the Grisons, assassinated | | | 1895 | Lord Randolph Churchill, 45, father of a greater son (see 1965) | | | 1953 | Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt, Nazi, at 77 | | | 1965 | Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, at 88, son of Lord Randolph(see 1895) | | 25 | 41 | Praetorian Prefect Cassius Chaerea, assassin of Caligula, executed by Claudius | | | 98 | Roman Emperor Marcus Cocceius Nerva (96-98), of a stroke at 67 | | | 275 | Roman Emperor Aurelian (270-275), c. 60, murdered [Alt] | | | 477 | King Gaiseric of the Vandals and Alans (428-477), at c. 80 | | | 708 | Pope Sisinnius (15 Jan-4 Feb 708) | | | 844 | Pope Gregory IV (827-844) | | | 1138 | Anti-Pope "Anacletus II" - Pietro Pierleone (1130-38) | | | 1139 | Godfried I "the Bearded," Duke of Brabant & Count of Louvain | | | 1906 | Joseph Wheeler, Maj. Gen., CSA, Brig. Gen., US, at 70 | | 26 | 724 | Caliph Yazid II (720-724), at c. 37, of grief on the death of his girlfriend, or maybe TB | | | 1885 | Charles George Gordon, slain at 51 by the Mahdists, Khartoum | | | 1893 | Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday, who did not invent baseball, on his 74th birthday | | | 1939 | PM Armand Calinescu of Romania, 46, assassinated by the Iron Guard | | | 1943 | Nikolai Vavilov, 55, geneticist, in Stalin's GULAG | | | 1947 | Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten of Sweden, 40, airplane crash | | | 1992 | José Ferrer, actor ("Cockleshell Heroes"), at 80 | | | 1993 | Jan Gies, Dutch resistance fighter, friend to the Frank family, 87 | | 27 | 672 | Pope St. Vitalian (657-672) | | | 847 | Pope St. Sergius II (844-47) | | | 1556 | Moghul Emperor Nasiruddin Muhammad Humayun of India (1530-1556), accidental fall in his library, 47 | | | 1816 | Adm. Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, 85 | | | 1967 | Alphonse Juin, last living Marshal of France, at 78 | | | 1967 | Astronauts Edward H White II (36), Roger B Chaffee (31), & Virgil "Gus" Grissom (40), Apollo I fire | | 28 | 592 | Saint Guntram, c. 60, King of the Burgundians (561-592) | | | 814 | Charlemagne, at 66, after reigning 47 years | | | 876 | Louis II the Bavarian, King of Eastern Francia (843-876), c. 70 | | | 1256 | Wilhelm II Count of Holland (1238-1256), King of Germany (1247-56), at 28 | | | 1330 | Ramberto dei Malatesti, Lord of Ciola, Castiglione, & Roncofreddo, murdered by his cousin Malatestino | | | 1393 | Huguet de Guisay and le Count de Joigny, burned to death in the "Bal des Ardents" | | | 1547 | King Henry VIII of England (1509-47), at 55 | | | 1596 | Sir Francis Drake, sea dog, of fever at c. 55 | | | 1621 | Pope Paul V - Camillo Borghese (1605-21), at 68 | | | 1725 | Tsar Peter I the Great of Russia (1682–1725), 52 | | | 1810 | Andreas Hofer, Tyrolian resistance fighter, shot by the French at42 | | | 1829 | William Burke, serial killer, in the interests of science and profit, executed at 38 | | | 1895 | Marshal Francois Canrobert, former French C-in-C Crimea, 85 | | | 1918 | Lt. Roberto Sarfatti, 17, son of Margherita Sarfatti, mistress to Mussolini, kia on the Col d'Echele, earning the Medaglia d'oro for bravery. | | | 1986 | Gregory Jarvis, NASA engineer(41), Christa McAuliffe (37, elementary school teacher); Dr. Ronald E McNair, NASA physicist (35); Ellison S Onizuka, USAF(39); Judith Arlene Resnik, NASA engineer (35); Francis R Scobee (46), USAF; Michael J Smith, USN (40) - the Challenger | | | 1996 | U San Yu, soldier, Dictator-President of Burma (1981-88), at 77 | | 29 | 164 | Antiochus IV Epiphanes of the Seleudics (175-164 BC), c. 50 [Alt] | | | 275 | Roman Emperor Aurelian (270-275), c. 60, murdered [Alt] | | | 282 | King Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt (283-246 BC), c. 63 | | | 970 | Tsar Peter I of Bulgaria (927-69), abdicated | | | 1119 | Pope Gelasius II - Giovanni Gaetani(Jan 24, 1118-Jan 29, 1119.) | | | 1696 | Ivan V, Co-Tsar of Russia (1682-89), 32 | | | 1820 | King George III of England (1760-1820), 81 | | | 1837 | Alexander Pushkin, Russian poet, in a duel, at 38 | | | 1906 | King Christian IX of Denmark (1863-1906), 87 | | | 1941 | Gen. Ioannis Metaxas, Greek dictator (1936-41), suicide at 69 | | | 1946 | Harry Hopkins, Presidential aide, at 55 | | | 1970 | Basil Henry Liddell Hart, military thinker, at 74 | | | 2001 | Thomas Lea, war artist, illustrator, journalist, novelist, at 93 | | 30 | 405 | Socrates, noted hoplite, hemlocked [Alt], c. 70 | | | 1384 | Count Louis II of Flanders (1346 –1384), Count of Artois, of Never, of Rethel, Count Paltine of Burgundy, known as Louis of Male, at 88 | | | 1393 | Aimery Poitiers and Yvain de Foix, of burns from the "Bal des Ardents" on the 28th | | | 1649 | King Charles I of England (1625-49), 48, shortened by order of Parliament | | | 1730 | Tsar Peter II of Russia (1727-30), 14 | | | 1838 | Chief Osceola of the Seminole, c. 33, in an Army jail | | | 1889 | Baroness Maria Vetsera (17), murdered by her lover, Archduke Rudolf of Austria-Hungary (30), who then kills himself, Mayerling | | | 1928 | Sir Douglas Haig, British field marshal, at 66 | | | 1948 | Orville Wright, aviation pioneer, 76 | | | 1951 | Ferdinand Porsche, German tank designer, at 75 | | | 1958 | Ernst H. Heinkel, German aircraft designer, at 70 | | | 1969 | Allan Dulles, CIA Director (1953-61), at 75 | | 31 | 1431 | Obizzo de Polenta, Lord of Ravenna (1389-1431), condottiero, who had imprisoned his father & murdered his brothers to get the throne | | | 1606 | Guy Fawkes, executed for the "Gunpowder Plot," at c. 36 | | | 1788 | Charles "Bonnie Prince Charlie" Stuart, the Jacobite "Young Pretender" to the British throne as "Charles III," at 67 | | | 1828 | Alexandros Ypsilanti, Greek nationalist, in exile and poverty at 35 | | | 1945 | Pvt Eddie Slovik, executed "to encourage the others", at 25 | | | 1972 | King Bir Bikram Shah Deva Mahendra of Nepal (1955-72), at 51 |
Event
| 1 | 0 | The new Consuls assume their office at Rome, from 153 BC onwards | | | 46 | Caesar captures Leptis, in Africa | | | 49 | "Alea iacta est!" - Caesar crosses the Rubicon | | | 69 | Aulus Vitellius is proclaimed Emperor by the Rhine legions (confirmed at Rome in April, killed Dec 22nd) | | | 104 | Marius' Triumph for the Jugurthine War | | | 193 | Publius Helvius Pertinax, proclaimed Roman Emperor (Jan 1-Mar 28, 193) | | | 404 | Last recorded gladiatorial fights at Rome | | | 414 | King Athaulf of the Franks marries Galla Placida, sister of Roman Emperor Flavius Honorius | | | 633 | Battle of Meicen: King Edwin of Northumbria defeats King Cadwallon of Cwynedd | | | 1136 | Battle of Swansea: Welsh defeat Anglo-Norman colonists | | | 1158 | Battle of Galloway: Roland defeats Gilpatrick | | | 1189 | Saladin abandons the siege of Tyre | | | 1515 | Francis I de Valois becomes King France (1515–1547) | | | 1515 | Jews are expelled from Laibach, Austria | | | 1527 | Duke Ferdinand of Austria is elected King of Croatia, merging the Croatian throne into the Hapsburg monarchy until 1918 | | | 1535 | Persians capture Tabriz | | | 1586 | Sir Francis Drake attacks Santo Domingo | | | 1602 | Battle of Kinsale: Hugh O'Neil is defeated by the English | | | 1651 | Scotts crown Charles [II] King at Scone | | | 1660 | General Monk marches from Coldstream to install Charles II as king in London | | | 1660 | Samuel Pepys begins keeping a diary | | | 1801 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland formed | | | 1806 | Napoleon abolishes the French Revolutionary calendar, introduced in 1793 | | | 1846 | Yucatan declares independence from Mexico | | | 1860 | Battle of Castillejos: Spanish defeat the Moroccans. | | | 1861 | Emancipation Proclamation goes into effect | | | 1862 | Battle of Ft McRee, FL | | | 1862 | Battle of Port Royal, SC | | | 1863 | Battle of Galveston, Texas: Confederates recapture the city | | | 1865 | Sherman's Carolina campaign begins (to Apr 26) | | | 1877 | Queen Victoria proclaimed "Empress of India" | | | 1880 | Dr. John Watson meets Sherlock Holmes | | | 1892 | Ellis Island opens; Irish-born Annie Moore is the first of over 12 million immigrants to arrive in America there | | | 1900 | The Commonwealth of Australia is formed | | | 1906 | Count Alfred von Schlieffen retires, leaving a disastrous plan | | | 1911 | Maj Jimmie Erickson takes the first aerial photograph, San Diego | | | 1912 | Sun Yat-sen forms the Chinese Republic | | | 1920 | Red Scare "Great Raid" - c. 1,000 "radicals" arrested in 33 US cities | | | 1920 | The League of Nations convenes for the first time | | | 1923 | USSR formed | | | 1935 | Mustafa Kemal Pasha adopts the name "Attaturk - Father of the Turks" | | | 1937 | Anastasio Somoza becomes president of Nicaragua | | | 1937 | US Army Air Corps physiological research laboratory completed, Ohio | | | 1942 | Japanese temporarily halted in Malaya. | | | 1942 | Philippine Army covers final withdrawal of South Luzon Force into Bataan | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: Americal Div resumes its assault on Mt. Austen. | | | 1944 | Oran, Algeria: Army defeats Navy 10-7 in the "Arab Bowl" | | | 1944 | Western New Britain: Allies overcome last Japanese resistance | | | 1946 | Emperor Hirohito of Japan announces he is not a god | | | 1950 | First woman doctor commissioned in the USN, Mary T. Sproul | | | 1950 | Indo-China: Viet Minh open a major offensive against the French | | | 1950 | Puerto Rican nationalists attempt to kill Pres. Truman | | | 1951 | Massive Chinese/North Korean assault on UN-lines | | | 1959 | Triumphal entry of Fidel Castro into Havana as Fulgencio Batista flees | | | 1962 | US Navy SEAL teams established. | | | 1993 | Czechoslovakia divides into the Czech Republic and Slovakia | | 2 | 366 | The Allamanni invade the Roman Empire across the Rhine [which may have been frozen, or maybe not] | | | 1492 | Granada surrenders to Ferdinand & Isabella, completing the 781 year war of liberation of Spain from the Moors | | | 1502 | Cesare Borgia slays six bulls in the arena, decapitating one | | | 1570 | Tsar Ivan the Terrible begins the conquest of Great Novgorod | | | 1602 | Spanish forces in Ireland surrender to the English at Kinsale | | | 1631 | England & Spain ally against the Dutch Republic | | | 1698 | Count Guido Franceschini mortally wounds his wife Pompilia Comparini, 17, and murders her parents | | | 1776 | First American flag displayed | | | 1861 | South Carolinian forces seize inactive Ft Johnson in Charlestown Harbor | | | 1861 | Washington: Charles Stone organizes an anti-secessionist militia | | | 1870 | Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge begins | | | 1905 | Russians surrender Port Arthur to the Japanese | | | 1923 | KKKers attack Rosewood, Fla, killing 8 black Americans | | | 1942 | 28 Allied nations pledge to make no separate peace with the Axis | | | 1942 | German troops in Bardia surrender | | | 1942 | Japanese occupy Manila and Cavite | | | 1942 | Malaya: Japanese occupy Kampar. | | | 1943 | Papua: U.S. I Corps captures Buna Mission | | | 1944 | New Guinea: Allies land on Saidor, isolating 12,000 Japanese troops. | | | 1945 | USN convoys depart Leyte to invade Luzon, while beating off Kamikaze. | | | 1954 | The film "The Caine Mutiny" premieres, New York | | | 1964 | Assassin fails to kill President Nkrumah of Ghana | | 3 | 0 | Memorial of St Daniel of Padua, Patron of Women with Husbands at War | | | 964 | Anti-Papal rioting in Rome | | | 1099 | Count Bertrand of Toulouse sets out on Crusade | | | 1387 | Battle of Castagnaro: Giovanni Acuto/John Hawkwood leads the Carrarans to victory over the Scaligers | | | 1463 | Francois Villon, "Ballad Lord and Thief," is banished from Paris, and is never seen again. | | | 1504 | French surrender Gaeta to Gonzalo de Cordoba (invested Dec 30) | | | 1777 | Battle of Princeton: Washington defeats the British | | | 1799 | Gaeta surrenders to the French without a fight | | | 1826 | The Military Society of the War of 1812 is formed in New York by officer veterans of the Second British War | | | 1861 | Forts Pulaski & Jackson, Savannah, seized by Georgia | | | 1862 | Valley Campaign: Stonewall Jackson moves north from Winchester | | | 1914 | Pancho Villa & Mutual Film Corp conclude a deal to film his battles | | | 1920 | A baseball team in Boston trades Babe Ruth to the Yankees | | | 1926 | Gen Theodorus Pángulos becomes dictator of Greece | | | 1926 | Mussolini assumes the Ministries of War, Navy, & Air | | | 1942 | ABDA: Allied forces in SE Asia & East Indies put under Archibald Wavell | | | 1942 | Borac-Guagua line holds on Luzon. | | | 1942 | Malaya: British once again withdraw under pressure. | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: Americal Div partially surrounds Japanese Gifu position. | | | 1943 | Papua: U.S. and Australian forces mop up in the Buna area | | | 1944 | Marine ace "Pappy" Boyington (28 kills) captured by the Japanese | | | 1945 | Third Fleet stages raids on Okinawa, Formosa, & the Pescadores | | | 1962 | Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro | | | 1990 | Panama's Gen Manuel Noriega surrenders to US authorities | | | 1992 | 32 Cubans defect to the US by helicopter | | | 2004 | Bhutanese Army expels the last Indian rebel invaders (begun Dec 15) | | 4 | 46 | Battle of Ruspina, Africa: Labienus defeats Caesar, who retreats. | | | 48 | Caesar sails from Brindisi for Greece | | | 871 | Battle of Reading: King Ethelred of Wessex defeated by the Danes | | | 1493 | Columbus sets sail from the New World to return from his first voyage. | | | 1749 | John Jervis (Earl St. Vincent) joins the Royal Navy | | | 1762 | England declares war on Spain and Naples | | | 1780 | Snowstorm hits Washington's army at Morristown, NJ | | | 1832 | Slave insurrection at Trinidad | | | 1853 | USN buys Mare Is, San Francisco Bay, for a shipyard | | | 1861 | Ft Morgan, Mobile, seized by Alabama | | | 1862 | Battle of Ft Hindman/Arkansas Post (to Jan 17) | | | 1862 | Valley Campaign: Stonewall Jackson occupies Bath | | | 1910 | Michigan (BB-27) commissioned, first U.S. dreadnought | | | 1914 | Enver Pasha becomes Turkish war minister | | | 1915 | Trans-Caucasia: Russia defeats Turkish offensive | | | 1942 | Japanese troops continue to advance in Malaya. | | | 1942 | Philippine Army abandons the Borac-Guagua line | | | 1942 | U.S. a/c attack Japanese shiping in Davao harbor | | | 1943 | Japanese GHQ orders the evacuation of Guadalcanal. | | | 1943 | Proximity fuzed AA ammo used for the first time; USS Helena off Munda | | | 1944 | New Guinea: Australian forces struggle to reach Kelanoa | | | 1945 | Germans execute resistance strikers in Amsterdam | | | 1945 | Luzon: 3rd Fleet hit by kamikaze, CVE Ommaney Bay sinks | | | 1951 | Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul | | | 1989 | US F-14s shoot down two Libyan jet fighters over Mediterranean | | 5 | 62 | Battle of Pistoria: Defeat of Cataline's Conspiracy | | | 1371 | Pierre Roger de Beaufort crowned Pope as Gregory XI (1371-1378), last Avignonese pope | | | 1477 | Battle of Nancy: Swiss defeat Charles the Bold of Burgundy. | | | 1500 | Ludovico "il Moro" Sforza captures Milan | | | 1608 | Capt. John Smith is captured by the Indians | | | 1675 | Battle of Durkheim: The French defeat the Imperialists | | | 1754 | Louis XV is stabbed by a madman | | | 1757 | Robert Francois Damiens attempts to assassinate Louis XV | | | 1757 | Giacomo Casanova makes his first visit to Paris | | | 1781 | Richmond burned by British forces under Benedict Arnold | | | 1822 | The Mexican Empire annexes Central America | | | 1855 | Crew of USS Plymouth skirmish with Chinese troops near Canton | | | 1861 | Alabama troops seize Forts Morgan & Gaines on Mobile Bay | | | 1861 | Ship sails from New York with supplies for Ft. Sumter | | | 1875 | Cdr Edward Lull, USN, begins survey of canal route across Panama | | | 1895 | Maj. Alfred Dreyfus is formally degraded and expelled from the French Army in the courtyard of the Ecole militiare | | | 1916 | Austria-Hungary offensive against Montenegro | | | 1919 | National Socialist German Workers [Nazi] Party formed in Germany | | | 1919 | Spartacist uprising in Berlin, state of siege proclaimed | | | 1929 | Abortive coup in Yugoslavia | | | 1940 | Finns begin a counteroffensive at Suomossalmi, to inflict a devastating defeat on the Soviets | | | 1942 | Bataan: Fil-Am troops begin consolidating the defenses | | | 1942 | Burma: British reinforcements (elms 17th Indian Div) arrive. | | | 1942 | Japanese 48th Div begins moving from Philippines to Java | | | 1942 | Malaya: Japanese troops continue to advance. | | | 1943 | Burma: Japanese hold the British before Akyab, | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: Army engineers build bridge across the Matanikau River | | | 1944 | New Guinea: US-Aussie offensives struggle towards Kelanoa. | | | 1945 | Northern Burma: Chinese advance, crossing the Shweli River | | | 1961 | US breaks diplomatic relations with Cuba | | | 1968 | Lt Clarence W. Cote becomes the first male officer in the Navy Nurse Corps | | | 1969 | USSR launches Venera 5 - will make 1st successful planetary landing on Venus | | 6 | 878 | Battle of Chippenham: Danes rout King Alfred's army | | | 1156 | Battle of the Isle of Islay: Lord Somerled of the Isles defeats the Danes | | | 1352 | King Jean II of France founds the Order of the Star | | | 1400 | Attempted assasination of Henry IV of France and his family | | | 1422 | Battle of Nebovidy/Nemecky Brod: Hussite Jan Ziska defeats Sigsimund of Bohemia | | | 1424 | Battle of Skalice: Jan Ziska defeats the Ultraquist Hussities | | | 1449 | Constantine XI Paleologos becomes Byzantine Emperor (1449-1453), kia at the Romanus Gate, 1453 | | | 1497 | Jews are expelled from Graz, Styria, Austria | | | 1515 | First recorded accidental discharge of a firearm, a wheellock pistol wounds a strumpet in Constance | | | 1540 | King Henry VIII of England marries, fourthly, Anne of Cleves | | | 1776 | Alexander Hamilton's "New York Provincial Company of Artillery" is organized; now the 1st Battalion, 5th Field Artillery, senior unit of the Regular Army | | | 1781 | Battle of Jersey, in the Channel Islands | | | 1842 | Afghanistan: Anglo-Indian forces begin a disastrous retreat from Kabul; all but one of 4,500 troops & 12,000 camp followers will be lost or captured | | | 1861 | Florida troops seize the Federal arsenal at Apalachicola | | | 1927 | US marines sent to Nicaragua | | | 1929 | Alexander I establishes a royal dictatorship in Yugoslavia | | | 1940 | Germans massacre Poles in Poznan | | | 1941 | FDR's "Four Freedoms" address; of speech & worship, from want & fear. | | | 1942 | Malaya: British hold the Japanese north of Kuala Lumpur | | | 1942 | Philippine Army units hold the Dinalupihan-Orani line | | | 1943 | Papua: US and Australian troops mass for a final assault on Sanananda. | | | 1944 | Nimitz issues plan for the capture of the Marshall Islands. | | | 1950 | Britain recognizes Communist China | | | 1961 | Nikita Khruschev declares that the Soviet Union will back Third World "wars of national liberation" | | 7 | 49 | The Senate orders Caesar to disband his army or be declared a public enemy, thereby heading off a compromise by Cicero, and insuring civil war | | | 1566 | Michele Ghisleri elected Pope as Pius V (1566-1572), later canonized | | | 1579 | England & the Netherlands conclude an alliance | | | 1598 | Boris Godunov usurps the Russian throne on the death of Theodore I | | | 1601 | Robert, Earl of Essex leads revolt in London against Queen Elizabeth | | | 1709 | Siege of Verpik: Russians use boiling porridge to help defeat the Swedes | | | 1762 | The British cabinet orders the capture of Havana, by forces concentrating from Britain, Ireland, North America, & the West Indies, which is accomplished in 218 days, on August 13th. | | | 1785 | First balloon crossing of the Channel, Blanchard & Jeffries | | | 1789 | First American presidential election | | | 1862 | Battle of Manassas Junction, VA | | | 1862 | Valley Campaign: Stonewall Jackson marches on Romney | | | 1935 | Fascist Italy and Popular Front France agree to help Austria against Nazi Germany | | | 1941 | Isoruku Yamamoto proposes a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor | | | 1942 | Bataan: 15,000 US & 65,000 Philippine troops go on half-rations, as the Japanese close up to their lines | | | 1942 | Malaya: Japanese turn the British defenses north of Kuala Lumpur | | | 1943 | Burma: Stalemate in the Arakan as the British take heavy losses | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: US strength reaches 50,000, Japanese less than 25,000. | | | 1944 | Japan's Imperial HQ orders capture of the Imphal, NE India | | | 1945 | Burma: British troops occupy Akyab, in the Arakan | | | 1953 | Pres Truman announces development of the hydrogen bomb | | | 1962 | Indonesian Pres Sukarno escapes assassination attempt | | | 1979 | Vietnamese forces capture Phnom Penh from the Khmer Rouge | | | 1989 | Akihito installed as the 125th Emperor of Japan | | 8 | 794 | First Viking Raid on Britain, Lindisfarne Abbey destroyed | | | 871 | Battle of Ashdown: King Ethelred of Wessex defeats the Danes | | | 936 | Election of Pope Leo VII (936-939) | | | 1198 | Lotario de' Conti is elected Pope as Innocent III (1198-1216) | | | 1502 | Oliverotto Eufreducci holds a banquet for his uncle the Lord of Fermo & the leading citizens of the town [See deaths] | | | 1502 | The Massacre of Fermo: At the suggestion of Cesar Borgia, Oliverotto Eufreducci kills his Uncle Giovanni Fogliani to seize the town of Fermo | | | 1546 | Battle of Anaquito: Gonzalo Pizarro seizes Peru from the Spanish Viceroy | | | 1558 | Duc de Guise captures Calais, completing the liberation of France from the English. | | | 1598 | Genoa orders the expulsion of all Jewish persons | | | 1676 | Battle of Stromboli: Indecisive Anglo-Dutch naval clash | | | 1800 | Second Battle of Novi: the Austrians defeat French | | | 1806 | Battle of Blueberg: British defeat Franco-Dutch at Cape Town | | | 1811 | The Great Louisiana Slave Rebellion begins, in St. John Baptist Parish, 2 whites slain | | | 1815 | Battle of New Orleans, 15 days after the Treaty of Ghent | | | 1838 | Anti-English rebellion at Amherstburg, Ontario | | | 1847 | Battle of San Gabriel, Ca: Army-Navy-Marine victory over Mexican forces | | | 1865 | Battle of Dove Creek: Indians defeat Confederate Texans, near San Angelo | | | 1877 | Battle of Wolf Mountain: U.S. troops rout Sioux/Cheyenne war party | | | 1918 | Pres Wilson outlines the "14 Points" for WW I peace, prompting Clemenceau to comment that God “only had ten Commandments” | | | 1926 | Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud establishes the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. | | | 1940 | Britain initiates rationing of bacon, butter, and sugar | | | 1942 | Malaya: British fall back to "Johore Line," c. 50 mi north of Singapore | | | 1943 | Allied a/c hit Japanese transports at Lae, in NE New Guinea. | | | 1943 | British turn control of Madagascar over to the Free French. | | | 1944 | U.S. Navy bombards Japanese base in the Shortland Islands. | | | 1945 | Heavy US air strikes on Luzon, concentrating on Lingayen Gulf area | | | 1947 | George C. Marshall becomes Secretary of State | | | 1973 | Secret peace talks between US & North Vietnam resume near Paris | | | 1989 | Soviet Union promises to eliminate stockpiles of chemical weapons | | | 1992 | Pres. George H. W. Bush vomits in the Japanese prime minister's lap | | 9 | 1317 | Coronation of King Philip V the Tall of France | | | 1349 | The Jews of Basel are burned in their homes, 700 die | | | 1522 | Adrian Dedel elected Pope as Adrian VI (1522-1523), only Dutch pope | | | 1570 | Ivan the Terrible feels piqued, massacres 2000 in Novgorod | | | 1760 | Afghans defeat Marathas in battle of Barari Ghat | | | 1798 | Bonaparte burns the state barge Bucentaur, symbol of Venetian independence | | | 1805 | Lord Nelson is buried in the crypt of St. Paul's, London | | | 1812 | Napoleon annexes Swedish Pomerania | | | 1847 | Battle of San Gabriel: US troops defeat Mexi-Californians | | | 1861 | First Shot of the Civil War: Star of the West fired on off Charleston | | | 1861 | Mississippi becomes 2nd state to secede | | | 1879 | Riot among Cheyenne Indians held prisoner at Ft Robinson | | | 1904 | Lt Gen Samuel B. M. Young retires; on active duty since Apr 25, 1861. | | | 1917 | British steamer Gladys Royal becomes the first ship sunk by Count Luckner's Seeadler | | | 1936 | Garrand M-1 semi-automatic rifle adopted by the US Army | | | 1941 | 6,000 Jews slaughtered in Bucharest, Romania | | | 1942 | FDR establishes the Joint Chiefs of Staff | | | 1942 | First Japanese offensive against Bataan. | | | 1942 | Japanese submarines begin operating in the Indian Ocean. | | | 1942 | Malaya: Japanese amphibious "end run" around Br left at Port Settenham | | | 1944 | Burma: British troops recapture Maungdaw. | | | 1944 | Burma: Heavy fighting along the Tarung River. | | | 1945 | Burma: Sino-American forces capture Shwebo | | | 1945 | Luzon: Sixth Army lands in Lingayen Gulf. | | | 1951 | Light cruiser Brooklyn (CL-40) transferred to Chile | | | 1952 | USMC recalls Ted Williams to active duty | | | 1964 | Anti-US rioting in the Panama Canal Zone | | 10 | 69 | Roman Emperor Galba adopts L. Calpurnius Piso, greatly annoying M. Salvius Otho | | | 142 | Attempted coup against the Trinci of Fogliano, leads to the accession of the sole surviving family member, Corrado III (1421-1439), who promptly massacres the assassins | | | 236 | St Fabian becomes Pope (236-250) | | | 1072 | Triumphal entry of Robert the Weasel and his brother Roger into Palermo, newly liberated from the Arabs | | | 1503 | Last meeting between Machiavelli and Cesare Borgia, at Imola | | | 1642 | King Charles I flees London for Oxford | | | 1761 | French surrender Pondicherry to the British | | | 1776 | Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" is published | | | 1806 | Dutch surrender Cape Town, South Africa, to the British | | | 1811 | Louisiana: Deslondes' slave rebellion is crushed after three days; 2 whites, c. 100 blacks killed | | | 1811 | Battle of Bernoudy's Plantation: Ends the Great Louisiana Slave Rebellion, c. 100 slaves, 0 whites killed | | | 1847 | US Navy-Marine Corps landing party occupies Los Angeles | | | 1861 | Florida becomes 3rd state to secede | | | 1861 | Louisiana state troops capture Fts Jackson & St. Philip | | | 1861 | US forts & property seized by Mississippi | | | 1862 | Battle of Big Sandy River/Middle Creek, KY | | | 1862 | Battle of Romney, WV | | | 1889 | Ivory Coast declared a protectorate of France | | | 1927 | Tryst between Tamara de Lempicka (28) & Gabriele d'Annunzio (63) at the Vittoriale | | | 1928 | Soviet Union orders Leon Trotsky exiled to Siberia | | | 1941 | Nazis order registration of Jews in Austria | | | 1942 | Bataan: Japanese troops continue pressure on Fil-Am lines | | | 1942 | Borneo: Japanese begin landing at Tarankan Bay | | | 1942 | Heinz Hitler (19), nephew of Der Fuhrer, is captured on the Eastern Front while serving as an NCO in the 23rd Artillery; dies in a Soviet P/W camp | | | 1942 | Java: Wavell arrives at Bandung to take command of ABDA | | | 1942 | Netherlands Indies: Japan invades North-Celebes | | | 1943 | FDR leaves for the Casablanca Conference | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: "Tokyo Express" is ambushed by PT-boats, losing two ships | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: Henderson Field is complete for use in all weather | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: U.S. begin a general offensive to eliminate Japanese. | | | 1943 | Papua: Limited Allied attacks continue in the Sanananda. | | | 1944 | Burma: Br begin dropping naval mines in the Salween River. | | | 1944 | New Britain: Major Japanese counterattacks. | | | 1945 | British and Indian forces capture Shwego, in the Arakan. | | | 1945 | Luzon: US forces enlarge their beachhead. | | | 1945 | Northern Burma: Chinese and American forces continue to advance. | | | 1946 | Army Signal Corps bounces a radar beam off the moon. | | | 1946 | UN General Assembly convenes for the first | | | 1947 | Saronic Gulf: Greek steamer Himara strikes an old mine, 392 die | | | 1964 | Moslem-Hindu riots in Calcutta, hundreds die | | | 1969 | Sweden recognizes North Vietnam | | | 1985 | Daniel Ortega Saavedra inaugurated as President of Nicaragua | | 11 | 29 | Augustus closes the doors of the Temple of Janus; Rome is at peace, for the first time in three centuries. | | | 532 | Nike Riots begin at Constantinople against Justinian and Theodora | | | 1430 | Duke Phillip the Good of Burgundy creates the Order of the Golden Fleece | | | 1785 | The Continental Congress convenes in New York | | | 1861 | Alabama becomes 4th state to secede | | | 1861 | Mexico City captured by Juaristas in the War of the Reform | | | 1863 | CSS Alabama sinks USS Hatteras off Galveston | | | 1863 | Union forces capture Arkansas Post/Ft Hindman | | | 1865 | Battle of Beverly, WVa | | | 1879 | The Great Anglo-Zulu War begins | | | 1904 | SW Africa's Herero revolt against German domination | | | 1917 | German agents blow up the Kingsland Munitions Plant, NJ | | | 1919 | Romania annexes Transylvania | | | 1923 | France & Belgium occupy the Ruhr to collect reparations from Germany | | | 1942 | American Samoa: Japanese submarine shells Pago Pago | | | 1942 | Bataan: Heavy fighting | | | 1942 | Carrier Saratoga torpedoed SW of Oahu | | | 1942 | Celebes: Japanese SNLF airborne & amphibious landings. | | | 1942 | Malaya: Japanese capture Kuala Lumpur | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: 35th Inf succeeds in encircling the Gifu, against fierce resistance. | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Aus Kanga Force begins 3-day raid against Japanese at Mubo | | | 1944 | Krakow-Plaszow Concentration Camp established | | | 1944 | New Guinea: Allied airfield at Saidor becomes operational. | | | 1945 | Japanese decide to put remaining resources into suicide weapons. | | | 1946 | Enver Hoxha proclaims the People's Republic of Albania with himself as dictator | | | 1951 | After 12 days alone aboard his dangerously listing vessel in heavy seas of Britain, Capt. Kurt Carlsen abandons the Flying Enterprise, which sinks. | | | 1976 | Military coup in Ecuador ousts Pres Guillermo Lara | | | 1989 | 140 nations agree to ban chemical weapons | | | 1991 | Congress authorizes Pres G.H. W. Bush to undertake offensive operations against Iraq | | 12 | 1258 | Battle of Anbar: The Mongols defeat the Abbasids | | | 1493 | Last day for all Jews to leave Sicily | | | 1500 | Cesare Borgia captures the citadel of Forli, and the great Caterina Sforza, taken weapons in hand, whom he promptly rapes. | | | 1559 | Coronation of Elizabeth I "Gloriana" of England | | | 1598 | Pope Clement VIII seizes the duchy of Ferrara | | | 1779 | Wargaom: Mahrattas defeat a British column | | | 1807 | Gunpowder ladened ship explodes at Leiden, Netherlands, 150 die | | | 1809 | British capture Cayenne from the French | | | 1813 | US Frigate Chesapeake captures British Volunteer | | | 1816 | Louis XVIII bars the Bonapartes from France forever | | | 1836 | Seminole Wars: Battle of Wetumka, Fla. | | | 1848 | A liberal insurrection in Sicily ignties widespread revolutionary movements across all of Europe. | | | 1848 | Mexican forces attack US Sloop-of-War Lexington off San Blas | | | 1858 | Felice Orsini & three henchmen attempt to blow up Napoleon III; 12 killed, 144 wounded | | | 1861 | Lt Adam Slemmer, USA, refuses to surrender Ft Pickens to Florida state troops | | | 1863 | President Jefferson Davis delivers his "State of the Confederacy" address | | | 1866 | Royal Aeronautical Society founded | | | 1942 | Bataan: Heavy fighting | | | 1942 | Borneo: Dutch coast defense battery sinks two Japanese MSs off Tarankan | | | 1942 | British troops retake Sollum, Egypt | | | 1942 | Malaya: Japanese begin to advance on Malacca. | | | 1942 | National War Labor Board created | | | 1942 | North Africa: British troops capture Sollum | | | 1943 | Aleutians: DD Worden lost to the hazards of the sea | | | 1944 | Churchill and de Gaulle confer in Marrakech | | | 1945 | Battle of the South China Sea: TF 38 sinks 41 Japanese ships | | | 1946 | The 82nd Airborne Division marches up Fifth Avenue to a tumultuous greeting | | | 1950 | Swedish tanker rams British sub Truculent in the Thames, 64 die | | | 1953 | First landings on an American angled deck carrier, USS Antietam. | | | 1964 | One month after independence, a bloody uprising by the black majority ousts the Arab ruling minority of Zanzibar, installing a government that shortly unites with Tanganyika to form Tanzania | | | 1987 | Prince Edward resigns from the Royal Marines | | 13 | 27 | Octavian "Restores the Republic" - rules for 41 more years. | | | 858 | Battle of Aclea: Danes wax Wessex | | | 888 | Odo becomes king of the West Franks | | | 1099 | Crusaders burn Mara, Syria | | | 1631 | Treaty of Barwalde: France buys Swedish military support for five years. | | | 1649 | The Fronde rebels storm the Bastille | | | 1830 | Third Great Fire of New Orleans: blamed on a slave conspiracy | | | 1842 | Battle of Gandamak: Afghans overwhelm the 44th Foot, completing the dstruction of the British Army in their country | | | 1865 | US Army/Navy begins Siege of Ft Fisher, NC; falls Jan 15 | | | 1874 | Battle between jobless & police in NYC, 100s injured | | | 1874 | US troops land in Honolulu to protect the king | | | 1881 | Battle of Chorillos: Chileans defeat the Peruvians, begin an offensive against Lima (falls 17th) | | | 1894 | Revolution in Sicily crushed by government troops | | | 1895 | Battle of Coatit: Italians defeat the Abyssinians | | | 1898 | Emile Zola's defense of Dreyfus - J'Accuse! - published in Paris | | | 1913 | Delta Sigma Theta is formed | | | 1942 | Elms Br 18th Div reach Singapore, as Japanese close in | | | 1942 | Heavy fighting on Bataan, as Philippine troops counterattack | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: 25th Div, in a daring attack, occupies the Galloping Horse | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: 2nd Marine Div attacks westward along the coast. | | | 1943 | Hitler declares "Total War" | | | 1943 | Submarine Guardfish torpedoes a Japanese patrol vessel off New Ireland. | | | 1944 | Northern Burma: Chinese forces secure the Tarung river line. | | | 1945 | Luzon: Heavy fighting | | | 1953 | Marshal Tito becomes president of Yugoslavia | | | 1958 | 9,000 scientists from 43 nations petition UN for nuclear test ban | | | 1967 | Military coup in Togo | | | 1968 | Beginning of Tet Offensive in Vietnam | | | 1986 | Bloody coup overthrows government of South Yemen | | 14 | 1478 | Novgorod submits to Tsar Ivan III | | | 1526 | Treaty of Madrid: Francis I pretends to make peace with Charles V | | | 1659 | Battle of Elvas: Portuguese defeat Spanish | | | 1724 | King Philip V abdicates the Spanish throne | | | 1784 | Congress ratifies the Treaty of Paris, ending the Revolutionary War | | | 1797 | Battle of Rivoli Veronese: Massena's French defeat the Austrians. | | | 1799 | King of Naples flees to Sicily before invading French armies | | | 1813 | US Frigate Chesapeake captures British brig Hero | | | 1814 | The King of Denmark cedes Norway to the King of Sweden | | | 1815 | HMS's Endymion, Tenedos, and Pomone capture USS President | | | 1847 | Uprising in New Mexico against US occupation | | | 1858 | Napoleon III escapes assassination by Felice Orsini | | | 1859 | France & Piedmont conclude an anti-Austrian alliance | | | 1859 | Lt. James Brooke, USN, claims French Frigate Shoal for the US | | | 1863 | US Navy GO No 4: The Emancipation Proclamation is announced to the fleet | | | 1864 | Battle of Cosby Creek, Tn | | | 1867 | Alfred Nobel makes the first public demonstration of dynamite | | | 1929 | King Amanullah abdicates the Afghan throne | | | 1942 | Arcadia Conference ends. | | | 1942 | Bataan: Heavy fighting | | | 1942 | Borneo: Japanese troops land at Balikpapan | | | 1942 | Malaya: Japanese capture Malacca. | | | 1943 | Casablanca Conference: FDR, Churchill, & Chiang begin ten days of meetings | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: "Tokyo Express" lands reinforcements and supplies | | | 1945 | Burma: Japanese counterattack British on the Irawaddy River. | | | 1967 | NY Times reports the Army is conducting secret germ warfare experiments on the public | | | 1969 | Fire aboard USS Enterprise, off Vietnam, 28 due, 344 injured | | | 1972 | Accession of Queen Margaret II of Denmark | | 15 | 69 | Marcus Salvius Otho ousts Galba as Roman Emperor (Jan 15-Apr 16, 69) | | | 708 | Accession of Pope Sisinnius (15 Jan-4 Feb 708) | | | 946 | Caliph al-Mustaqfi is deposed and blinded | | | 1495 | French besiege Gaeta (to Feb 16), held for Ferrante II of Naples | | | 1517 | The Turks sack Cairo | | | 1535 | Henry VIII becomes head of the Church in England, in order to divorce his wife | | | 1552 | Treaty of Chambord: Catholic France agrees to support German Protestants against the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor | | | 1582 | Russia cedes Livonia & Estonia to Poland, losing access to the sea | | | 1680 | French explorer Sieur de la Salle builds Ft Crevecoeur | | | 1757 | Robert-François Damiens stabs Louis XV with a pen knife | | | 1762 | Samuel Fraunces opens a tavern in New York City | | | 1799 | French & Polish troops plunder Itri, murdering 60 | | | 1851 | Herrera ousted by Arista as President of Mexico | | | 1865 | Union soldiers, sailors, & marines (among them George Dewey), storm Ft Fisher, NC | | | 1919 | Great Molasses Flood in Boston, 21 die | | | 1919 | Pianist Ignace Paderewski is named first premier of Poland | | | 1942 | Bataan: Japanese troops penetrate US/Philippine defenses | | | 1942 | Chinese halt a Japanese offensive near Changsha in Hunan Province. | | | 1942 | Japanese Southern Army invades Burma from Thailand. | | | 1942 | Malaya: Japanese "end run" landings dislocate the British left. | | | 1943 | Construction of the Pentagon is completed | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: US forces make only limited gains. | | | 1943 | Japanese superbattleship Musashi arrives at Truk. | | | 1943 | Papua: Allied forces make limited gains near Sanananda | | | 1944 | European Advisory Commission decides to divide Germany | | | 1944 | New Guinea: Australians reach north coast of Huon Peninsula, near Sio. | | | 1945 | Japanese offensive in China advances on the U.S. airbase in Sichuan. | | | 1945 | Red Army liberates the Krakow-Plaszow concentration camp | | | 1949 | Mao's Red army conquers Tientsin | | | 1951 | German court gives Ilse Koch, "The Bitch of Buchenwald", life (suicide in prison, 1967) | | | 1962 | Naval Battle of Etna Bay, New Guinea: Dutch defeat the Indonesians | | | 1973 | Pres Nixon suspends all US offensive action over North Vietnam | | | 1997 | Dr Jerry Lineger, Capt, USN, joins MIR via Space Shuttle Atlantis | | 16 | 9 | Ovation for Tiberius's victories in Pannonia | | | 27 | The Senate grants Octavian the honorific "Augustus" after he lays down all 'extraordinary powers' | | | 550 | King Totila of the Ostrogoths captures Rome from the East Romans, by bribing the garrison. | | | 1495 | French under Charles VIII invest Gaeta (falls Feb 16). | | | 1547 | Ivan IV "the Terrible" become Tsar | | | 1556 | Charles I abdicates the throne of Spain to his son, Philip II | | | 1776 | Continental Congress approves enlistment of free blacks | | | 1777 | Vermont declares independence from NY | | | 1780 | First Battle of Cape St Vincent: Rodney defeats the Spanish fleet | | | 1795 | Pichegru's French army occupies Utrecht, the Netherlands | | | 1797 | Battle of La Favorita: Bonaparte defeats the Austrians, who lose 5,000 prisoners | | | 1809 | Battle of La Coruna: The English defeat the French | | | 1861 | Lt Adam Slemmer, USA, again rejects demands by Florida state troops to surrender Ft Pickens | | | 1863 | Raiding cruise of CSS Florida begins (ends Aug 23) | | | 1864 | Battle of Dandridge, Tn. | | | 1865 | Rebs blow up Ft Caswell | | | 1941 | Battle of the Gulf of Siam: The French Indochina Squadron defeats the Thai Navy | | | 1941 | War Department forms Army Air Corps squadron for black cadets | | | 1942 | Bataan: Heavy fighting | | | 1942 | Malaya: British try to hold the Muar River against Japanese forces | | | 1942 | Rio Conference: 21 American republics discuss hemispheric defense | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: 2nd Marine Div clears Japanese troops out of "the Ravine" | | | 1943 | Papua: U.S. and Australians mop up Japanese forces around Sanananda | | | 1944 | Gen Eisenhower takes command of Operation Overlord | | | 1945 | TF 38 aircraft attack Japanese held Hong Kong. | | | 1945 | US First and Third Armies meet at Houffalize, Belgium | | | 1951 | Viet Minh offensive at Hanoi | | | 1954 | "South Pacific" closes after 1928 performances at the Majestic | | | 1957 | Three B-52s leave California on the first non-stop world flight | | | 1963 | Khrushchev claims to have a 100-megaton nuclear bomb | | | 1969 | Jan Palach immolates himself to protest Soviet invasion of Czech | | | 1969 | Soviet Soyuz 4 & Soyuz 5 perform first crew transfer in space | | | 1970 | Col Kadhaffi becomes premier of Libya | | | 1979 | Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi of Iran flees Iran for Egypt | | | 2001 | Andrew J. Smith, 55th Mass, awarded a Medal of Honor, for Nov 30, 1864. | | | 2001 | Theodore Roosevelt awarded a Medal of Honor for San Juan Heights in 1898 | | 17 | 38 | Octavian marries Livia Drusilla, who is pregnant by her previous husband, Ti. Claudius Nero | | | 395 | Arcadius, 18, succeeds Theodosius as Roman Emperor in the East (395-408), while his brother Honorius, 10, succeeds in the West (395-423) | | | 532 | Theodora convinces Justinian to resist the Nike rioters; c. 30,000 die | | | 1377 | Gregory XI (1370-1378) returns the papacy to Rome; ends the "Babylonian Captivity" in Avignon (1307-1377) | | | 1475 | Battle of Krakovicz: Hungarians and Moldavians beat the Turks | | | 1501 | Triumphal reception of Cesare Borgia at Rome for his conquests in the Romagna | | | 1601 | Spain cedes Bresse, Bugey, Valromey, & Gex to France | | | 1642 | Battle of Kemper: French defeat the Imperialists | | | 1656 | Brandenburg & Sweden make peace at Konigsberg | | | 1746 | Battle of Falkirk: Bonnie Prince Charlie's Highlanders defeat the English | | | 1773 | Captain Cook in Resolution reaches the Antarctic Circle | | | 1781 | Battle of the Cowpens: Dan Morgan annihilates Banastare Tarleton's Anglo-Tory force | | | 1811 | Battle of Calderon Bridge: Spanish forces crush Mexican Revolutionaries | | | 1821 | Mexico grants Moses Austin extensive lands in Texas | | | 1832 | USS Peacock conducts diplomatic mission to Vietnamese court | | | 1862 | USS Lexington bombards Ft Henry, TN (surrenders Jan 22) | | | 1863 | Skirmish near Newtown, Virginia | | | 1881 | War of the Pacific: Chileans capture Lima, invested since the 13th | | | 1885 | Battle of Abu Klea: Egypto-British Army defeats the Mahdists | | | 1893 | Republican coup deposes Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii | | | 1899 | CDR Taussig in USS Bennington takes formal possession of Wake Island | | | 1911 | Attempted assassination of Premier Briand in the French Assembly | | | 1915 | Russia captures Bukovina & Western Ukraine | | | 1942 | Bataan: Heavy fighting continues. | | | 1942 | British are under heavy pressure on the Muar River line in Malaya. | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: Combined Army-Marine Div attacks west along the coast | | | 1943 | National "Tin Can Drive" Day | | | 1943 | Papua: Allied forces begin a major offensive against Sanananda. | | | 1944 | HM Corvette Violet sinks U-641 in Atlantic Ocean | | | 1944 | New Britain: Allies subdue last Japanese at Arawe, southern coast | | | 1945 | Luzon: Sixth Army steps up its drive on Manila. | | | 1945 | Raoul Wallenberg, "Righteous Gentile", disappears in Hungary while in Soviet custody | | | 1945 | Soviets drive Germans out of Warsaw | | | 1947 | Ammunition plant explosion at Muiden, Netherlands, 16 die | | | 1948 | Netherlands & Indonesia agree to a cease fire | | | 1951 | China refuses cease fire in Korea | | | 1955 | USS Nautilus underway on nuclear power | | | 1961 | Pres. Eisenhower warns of a "military industrial complex" | | | 1966 | B-52 carrying four hydrogen bombs crashes off Spanish coast | | | 1991 | Iraq fires eight Scud missiles at Israel | | | 1991 | Jeffrey Zahn is the first US pilot shot down in the Persian Gulf War | | | 1991 | Operation Desert Storm: Coalition airstrikes against Iraq | | 18 | 336 | Accession of Pope Marcus (18 Jan-7 Oct 336), later canonized | | | 474 | Leo II, c. 6 years old, is proclaimed Byzantine Emperor, succeeding his maternal grandfather (18 Jan-17 Nov 474) | | | 1486 | King Henry VII of England marries Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV | | | 1503 | The Affair of Senigallia: Cesare Borgia captures four of his treasonous captains (see Deaths) | | | 1520 | Christian II of Denmark & Norway defeats the Swedes at Lake Asunde | | | 1567 | Battle of Watrelots: Dutch Revolt against Spain begins | | | 1671 | Henry Morgan sacks Panama | | | 1701 | Frederick I crowned king of Prussia | | | 1795 | French Army enters Amsterdam unopposed | | | 1817 | Jose de San Martin's revolutionary army begins an epic crossing of the Andes from Argentina to Chile | | | 1826 | British capture the Mahratta city of Bhurtope after a two month siege | | | 1850 | British blockade Piraeus, Greece, to enforce mercantile claims | | | 1854 | Filibuster William Walker proclaims Republic of Sonora in NW Mexico | | | 1857 | Battle of Bushire, Persia: British Indian cavalry breaks Persian squares | | | 1862 | Confederate Territory of Arizona is formed | | | 1865 | Battle of Ft Moultrie, SC | | | 1871 | Wilhelm I proclaimed German Emperor, at Versailles | | | 1911 | First airplane landing on a ship: Eugene Ely in a Curtiss Flyer on USS Pennsylvania (ACR-4) | | | 1913 | Graeco-Turkish naval battle | | | 1915 | The U.S. Revenue Marine is renamed the U.S. Coast Guard | | | 1919 | Versailles Conference opens | | | 1942 | British troops in Malaya heavily engaged on the Muar River Line. | | | 1943 | Aleutians: U.S. surface force bombards Japanese held Attu. | | | 1943 | Papua: Sanananda falls to Allies, who press the Japanese westwards. | | | 1943 | US bans sale of sliced bread, to save metal parts in slicing machines | | | 1943 | Warsaw Ghetto uprising begins | | | 1944 | New Guinea: US reinforces the Saidor beachhead | | | 1945 | Peleliu: Japanese stragglers raid U.S. ammo dumps and airbase | | | 1957 | Three B-52s complete round-the-world flight in 45 hrs & 19 mins; one man did it backwards | | | 1960 | US & Japan sign joint defense treaty | | | 1991 | Iraq launches SCUD missiles against Israel | | 19 | 64 | Great fire of Rome begins | | | 379 | Theodosius the Great becomes Roman Emperor (379-395) | | | 916 | Battle of Brecenanmere: Aethelflaed, "the Lady of the Mercians", defeats the Welsh | | | 973 | Consecration of Pope Benedict VI (elected 972; murdered 974) | | | 1415 | Rouen surrenders to King Henry V of England | | | 1493 | Treaty of Barcelona: France cedes Roussillon & Cerdagne to Spain | | | 1643 | Battle of Braddock Downs: Cornish Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians | | | 1671 | Henry Morgan and his buccaneers sack Panama City | | | 1770 | Battle of Golden Hill; New Yorkers defend their "Liberty Tree" | | | 1793 | Revolutionary court sentences "Citizen Capet" (Louis XVI) to death. | | | 1806 | British take Cape of Good Hope from French-occupied Holland | | | 1808 | Dutch King Louis Napoleon signs the first aviation law, regulating ballooning | | | 1812 | Wellington captures Ciudad Rodrigo, amid great slaughter | | | 1839 | HMS Voloze captures for the British East India Company | | | 1861 | Georgia becomes 5th state to secede | | | 1861 | Mississippi troops take Ft Massachusetts, on Ship Island | | | 1862 | Battle of Mill Springs/Fishing Creek/Logan's Crossroads, KY | | | 1871 | Battle of Buzenval Park/Mont Valerien: the Paris garrison fails to break out of the Prussian siege | | | 1871 | Battle of St Quentin: Prussians defeat a French attempt to relieve Paris | | | 1915 | Germans begin Zeppelin raids on Great Britain: 4 die | | | 1917 | Silvertown, England: ammunition factory explosion, 300 die | | | 1920 | The Senate rejects American membership in the League of Nations | | | 1941 | British invade Italian-held Eritrea from the Sudan | | | 1942 | Joe Louis defeats Buddy Baer in 20" 56', and receives his draft notice! | | | 1942 | Malaya: British abandon the Muar River line, fall back on Johore Line. | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: Combined Army-Marine Div presses westwards | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: U.S. destroyers shell Japanese positions | | | 1943 | Papua: Fierce Japanese resistance on the Sanananda front | | | 1944 | Northern Burma: Chinese New 38th Div and Japanese fight for Taro Plain. | | | 1945 | China: Japanese troops seize control of the Canton-Hankow rail line. | | | 1977 | Pres Gerry Ford pardons Iva Toguri d'Aquino - "Tokyo Rose" | | 20 | 0 | Feast of St. Sebastian, Patron of Archers and Soldiers | | | 1265 | The English Parliament meets for the first time, at Westminster | | | 1567 | The de Sa brothers expel the French from Rio de Janeiro | | | 1613 | Peace of Knared ends Danish-Swedish War of Kalmar (1611-1613) | | | 1615 | Naval Battle off Swally, India: Portuguese defeated by the English | | | 1667 | Treaty of Andrussovo ends 13 year war between Poland and Russia | | | 1778 | First American court martial begins, Cambridge, Mass | | | 1783 | Hostilities cease in Revolutionary War | | | 1795 | Battle of the Texel: French cavalry captures the icebound Dutch fleet | | | 1798 | Michele Pezza - Fra Diavolo - joins the Neapolitan Army in lieu of prison | | | 1799 | Three Days of Naples begin: Populace fights French invaders | | | 1800 | Bonaparte's sister Carolina marries Joachim Murat | | | 1839 | Battle of Yungay: Chileans defeat Peruvians & Bolivians | | | 1841 | China cedes Hong Kong to the British | | | 1866 | Prim's Insurrection in Spain ends | | | 1887 | Senate approves lease of Pearl Harbor for a base | | | 1914 | USN opens a school for aviators at Pensacola, Fla. | | | 1940 | DD Yukikaze ("Snowy Wind") commissioned, luckiest ship in the Imperial Navy - comes through WW2 without a scratch | | | 1942 | Bismarcks: Japanese aircraft carriers raid Rabaul and Kavieng | | | 1942 | Japanese 55th Div invades Burma from central Thailand. | | | 1942 | Wannsee Conference: 14 Nazi officials (8 with doctorates) plan the "Final Solution of the Jewish Problem" | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: 25th Infantry Div tightens its hold on the Gifu. | | | 1943 | Papua: Japanese resistance on the Sanananda front collapses. | | | 1944 | Burma: Allies prepare major offensive to open the "Burma Road". | | | 1944 | RAF drops c. 2,500 tons of bombs on Berlin | | | 1944 | Rapido River: US 36th Div begins two-day attempt to force German defenses | | | 1945 | 1st truck convoy on the re-opened Burma Road, still under repair. | | | 1952 | British army occupies Ismailiya, Suez Canal Zone | | | 1955 | USS Nautilus launched at Groton, Conn. | | | 1958 | Elvis receives "Greetings" from his Draft Board | | | 1981 | 52 Americans held hostage in Iran for 444 days freed | | | 1991 | US Patriot missiles begin shooting down Iraqi Scud missiles | | 21 | 1276 | Peter of Tarentais elected Pope as Innocent V (21 Jan-22 Jun 1276), later beatified | | | 1277 | Battle of Desio: The Visconti defeat the Torriani | | | 1286 | Election of Pope Innocent V (Jan 21-Jun 22 1286) | | | 1495 | Alfonso II of Naples (1494-1495) abdicates in favor of his son Ferrante II (1495-1496) | | | 1604 | Tsar Ivan IV defeats the "False Dmitri" | | | 1824 | Battle of Accra: the Ashanti defeat the British | | | 1839 | The British storm Ghuzni, India | | | 1896 | Battle of Makalle: Abyssinians defeat the Italians | | | 1903 | The "Dick Act" creates the modern National Guard | | | 1910 | British-Russian military intervention in Persia | | | 1918 | New York Philharmonic refuses to play music by living German composers | | | 1941 | British and Australian troops attack Tobruk | | | 1942 | Bataan: Heavy fighting continues | | | 1942 | British CV Indomitable & TF arrives at Addu Atoll, in the Indian Ocean | | | 1942 | Malaya: the Japanese begin to dislocate the Johore line. | | | 1942 | Rabaul and Kavieng bombed by Japanese aircraft. | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: U.S. troops pause to resupply. | | | 1943 | Papua: Allied troops mop up Japanese remnants in the Sanananda area. | | | 1943 | Soviet forces recapture Worosjilowsk | | | 1944 | Northern Burma: Chinese New 38th Div advances slowly. | | | 1945 | Burma: British amphibious landing near Ramree | | | 1945 | TF 38 raids Japanese on Okinawa and Formosa | | | 1945 | The Red Army destroys the German Tannenberg monument in East Prussia | | | 1954 | USS Nautilus (SSN-571) launched, Groton, Conn. | | | 1961 | Portuguese rebels seize cruise ship Santa Maria | | | 1968 | B-52 bomber with nuclear bomb crashes in Greenland | | 22 | 871 | Battle of Basing: The Danes defeat King Aethelred of Wessex | | | 1371 | Crowning of King Robert II Stuart of Scotland | | | 1506 | The Swiss Guard assumes its duties at the Vatican | | | 1510 | Jews are expelled from Colmar, Germany | | | 1517 | Battle of Ridanieh: Selim I defeats the Mamlukes at Cairo | | | 1528 | England & France declare war on HR Emperor Charles V | | | 1643 | Battle of the Saltash: the Cornishmen defeat the English | | | 1690 | Anglo-Iroquois alliance against the French is renewed | | | 1758 | Russian troops occupy Königsberg, Prussia | | | 1760 | Battle of Wandewash, India: British defeat the French | | | 1771 | Spain cedes the Falklands to Britain | | | 1775 | Marshal Oscar von Lubomirski expels Jews from Warsaw Poland | | | 1813 | Battle of Frenchtown: Kentuckians defeat British & Canadians | | | 1849 | British capture Multan from the Sikhs, along with £5 million in loot | | | 1863 | Union Gen Ambrose Burnside's "Mud March" begins | | | 1873 | British steamer Northfleet sinks off Dungeness, c. 300 die | | | 1905 | St. Petersburg: "Bloody Sunday" - Tsarist troops shoot peaceful demonstrators | | | 1941 | British and Australian troops capture Tobruk from Italians | | | 1942 | Chiang Kai-shek and Joseph Stilwell order Chinese troops into Burma | | | 1942 | Japanese troops begin landings on New Ireland and New Britain | | | 1942 | Malaya: Heavy fighting on the Johore Line. | | | 1942 | New Guinea: Japanese airstrikes on Lae and Salamaua | | | 1942 | Task Force 6814 [Americal Div] sails from New York for the South Pacific | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: CAM Div makes sweeping gains on the western coast. | | | 1943 | Papua: last organized Japanese resistance ends. | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: 25th Inf Div beats off a nocturnal "Banzai" attack | | | 1944 | Heavy US air raids on the Admiralty Islands. | | | 1944 | Operating Shingle: Allies land at Anzio | | | 1945 | US aircraft attack Corregidor Island | | | 1951 | Fidel Castro is ejected from a US Winter League game for beaning a batter | | | 1957 | George "the Mad Bomber" Metesky arrested in NYC | | | 1957 | Israeli forces withdraw from the Sinai Peninsula | | | 1959 | USAF concludes less than 1% of UFO's are unknown objects | | | 1964 | "Dr. Strangelove" released | | 23 | 635 | Arabs capture Pella (Tabaqat Fahl, Jordan) from the Byzantines | | | 1565 | Battle of Talkota: The Moslem Deccans defeat the Hindu Vijayanagar | | | 1579 | Union of Utrecht: The Dutch Republic is established | | | 1640 | Accession of Garcia II Nkanga a Lukeni a Nzenze a Ntumba (Garcia Afonso), as King of Kongo (1641-1661) | | | 1643 | Sir Thomas Fairfax's Parliamentarians take Leeds from the Royalists | | | 1668 | England, Netherlands, & Sweden sign Triple Alliance against France | | | 1719 | Principality of Liechtenstein created within the Holy Roman Empire | | | 1790 | Pitcairn's Is: the Mutineers burn HMS Bounty | | | 1793 | Prussia & Russia effect the Second Partition of Poland | | | 1865 | Battle of City Point/James River/Trent's Reach, Va. (ends Jan 25) | | | 1870 | Montana: 173 Blackfoot Indians (140 women & children) killed by US Army | | | 1913 | Coup by Enver Pasha restores the "Young Turk" regime | | | 1913 | A coup restores the Young Turks to power in Constantinople, who pledge to renew the First Balkan War | | | 1920 | The Nehterlands refuses to turn over ex-Kaiser Wilhelm II to the allies | | | 1928 | "Adventures of Good Soldier Schveik" premiers in Berlin | | | 1932 | El Salvador army kills 4,000 protesting farmers | | | 1937 | Stalin's first "Purge Trial": Karl Radek & others tried & shot. | | | 1940 | Ignace Paderewski named premier of the Polish govt-in-exile | | | 1941 | Charles Lindbergh advises Congress to conclude a non-aggression pact with Hitler, who has already violated several | | | 1942 | Bataan: Japanese land in the rear at Quinauan and Longoskayan Points | | | 1942 | Bataan: US/Phil troops fall back to secondary positions | | | 1942 | Burma: Japanese cross the Sittang River, as 17th Ind Div collapses | | | 1942 | Malaya: another Indian brigade arrives at Singapore, as the Johore line crumbles | | | 1942 | U.S DDs and a Dutch sub attack Japanese shipping off Balikpapan, Borneo | | | 1943 | British Eighth Army captures Tripoli | | | 1943 | Casablanca Conference: FDR & Churchill agree on the "unconditional surrender" of the Axis. | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: the CAM Div overruns Kokumbona, as the USN bombards Japanese positions | | | 1944 | Burma: Americans insist Chinese commit their strategic reserve | | | 1958 | Dictator Marcos Perez Jiménez flees Venezuela | | | 1960 | Bathyscaph Trieste reaches the bottom of the Marianas Trench | | | 1962 | Briton Kim Philby, defects to the Soviets | | | 1968 | North Koreans capture USS Pueblo & 83 crew in the East Sea/Sea of Japan | | 24 | 41 | The Praetorians haul Claudius from a closet & proclaimed him Emperor (41-54) | | | 817 | Election of Pope Paschal I (817-824), later canonized | | | 1118 | Giovanni Gaetani elected Pope as Gelasius II (1118-1119) | | | 1328 | King Edward III of England marries Philippa of Henegouwen | | | 1458 | Matthias I Corvinus chosen King of Hungary | | | 1497 | Battle of Soriano: The Orsini defeat Papal forces | | | 1568 | Netherlands: the Duke of Alva declares William of Orange an outlaw | | | 1597 | Battle of Turnhout: Maurice of Nassau defeats the Spanish | | | 1634 | Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II declares his generalissimo Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein a traitor | | | 1742 | Charles VII, husband of Maria Teresa, elected Holy Roman Emperor (1742-1745) | | | 1847 | US Col Sterling Price defeats c. 1,500 Indians & Mexicans to secure New Mexico for the US | | | 1861 | Federal Arsenal at Augusta, Ga, seized by state troops | | | 1861 | Federal troops take ship at Ft Monroe for Ft Pickens | | | 1862 | Wallachia & Moldavia merge to form Romania under Alexander Cuza (1862-1866) | | | 1879 | War of the Pacific: Chileans capture Antofagasta from Bolivia, initiating hostilities | | | 1908 | Gen Robert Baden Powell founds the Boy Scouts | | | 1915 | Battle of Dogger Bank: Royal Navy defeats the Germans in the North Sea | | | 1916 | Britain adopts conscription | | | 1923 | Italy forms the Regia Aerea | | | 1935 | Kreuger Brewing Company of Virginia introduces beer in cans | | | 1939 | Spanish Republican government flees to Figueras | | | 1941 | British troops invade Italian East Africa | | | 1942 | Australian resistance at Rabaul ends. | | | 1942 | Borneo: Japanese begin landings at Balikpapan | | | 1942 | Bougainville: Japanese forces begin landing at Keita | | | 1942 | Malaya: British plan a withdrawal to Singapore. | | | 1943 | Aleutians: Japanese begin a series of air raids from Attu on Amchitka. | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: U.S. offensive to gain ground | | | 1944 | US a/c conduct long range recon over the Marshalls, from the Gilberts. | | | 1945 | China: Advancing Japanese troops cause evacuation of U.S. airbase at Sichuan | | | 1975 | Puerto Rican nationalists bomb Fraunces Tavern; 4 die, 50 injured | | | 1991 | USN helicopters recapture Kuwaiti offshore oil rigs from the Iraqis. | | 25 | 41 | The Senate confirms Claudius as Roman Emperor (41-54) | | | 1126 | Battle of Marj-es-Safar: Kingdom of Jerusalem defeats the Damascans | | | 1139 | Godfried II "the Young" becomes duke of Brabant | | | 1153 | King Baldwin III of Jerusalem attacks Ascalon | | | 1327 | Edward II of England is deposed in favor of his son, Edward III | | | 1401 | Tamerlane captures Damascus by treachery. | | | 1494 | Alfonso II becomes King of Naples; abdicates, 1495 | | | 1497 | Giovanni Borgia abandons the siege of the Orisini stronghold at Bracciano | | | 1504 | Parliament limits the size of nobles' entourages, to curb private warfare. | | | 1554 | Sir Thomas Wyatt raises Kent against "Bloody" Mary | | | 1565 | Battle of Talikota, India: Moslems defeat Vijayanagar | | | 1787 | Capt Dan Shays' Rebels fail to capture the arsenal at Springfield, Mass | | | 1802 | Bonaparte elected president of the Cisalpine Republic | | | 1856 | Battle of Seattle: Sailors, marines, & settlers beat off Indian attack | | | 1863 | Battle of Kinston, NC | | | 1863 | Joseph Hooker assumes command of the Army of Potomac | | | 1865 | Confederate raider Shenandoah arrives at Melbourne | | | 1865 | CSS Shenandoah arrives in Melbourne, Australia | | | 1887 | Battle of Saati: Italians defeat the Tigrinos | | | 1916 | Montenegro surrenders to Austria-Hungary | | | 1940 | Nazis decree the establishment of a Jewish ghetto in Lodz Poland | | | 1942 | Bataan: Fil-American troops complete withdrawal to secondary positions | | | 1942 | U.S. carriers Enterprise and Yorktown depart Samoa to raid the Gilberts & Marshalls [Feb 1] | | | 1943 | Italian blockade runner Orseolo departs Kobe for Bordeaux | | | 1943 | Papua: 41st Div relieves the 32nd & 7th Australian Divs. | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: Japanese in full retreat, closely pursued by U.S. forces. | | | 1944 | Allied air raid on Japanese at Rabaul, destruction of 83 enemy aircraft. | | | 1944 | Burma: bulk of Chinese New 22nd Div begins supporting the New 38th Div. | | | 1945 | Audie Murphy earns the Medal of Honor | | | 1945 | B-29s begin mining off Singapore, Saigon, Camranh Bay, and Penang. | | | 1945 | Burma: British 82nd West African Division occupies Myohaung | | | 1951 | UN begins counter offensive in Korea | | | 1961 | Military coup in El Salvador | | | 1969 | US-North Vietnamese peace talks begin in Paris | | | 1971 | Coup by Idi Amin ousts Milton Obote as President of Uganda. | | | 1980 | Highest speed attained by a warship, 167 kph, USN hovercraft | | | 1981 | Jiang Qing, Mao's widow, is tried for treason and sentenced to death, which is commuted to life | | | 1983 | Nazi Klaus Barbie arrested in Bolivia | | 26 | 0 | Feast of St. Conan of Man | | | 1316 | Battle of Ardscull: King Edward Bruce of Ireland defeats the English | | | 1316 | Llywelyn Bren initiates a revolt in Wales against England | | | 1340 | King Edward III of England proclaims himself King of France | | | 1500 | Vicente Yáñez Pinzón discovers Brazil | | | 1531 | Earthquake at Lisbon: c. 30,000 die | | | 1654 | Capitulation of Taborda: the Dutch cede Recife, Brazil, to Portugal | | | 1666 | France declares war on England | | | 1699 | Venice, Poland & Austria conclude peace with Turkey | | | 1736 | Stanislaus I Lesczynski abdicates as King of Poland | | | 1748 | England, Netherlands, Austria, & Sardinia conclude an anti-French alliance | | | 1763 | British surrender Mangalore to Tippoo Sahib after a protracted siege | | | 1788 | Capt Arthur Phillip founds a penal colony at Sydney, Australia | | | 1799 | French establish the puppet "Parthenopean Republic" in Naples, amid much looting and rape | | | 1827 | Peru secedes from Gran Colombia in protest against "tyranny" of Simón Bolívar | | | 1841 | Britain declares Hong Kong its sovereign territory. | | | 1859 | Screw Frigate Brooklyn commissioned under Capt. David G. Farragut | | | 1861 | Louisiana becomes 6th state to secede | | | 1862 | Lincoln issues General War Order #1, calling for a Union offensive | | | 1863 | Joe Hooker assumes command of the Army of the Potomac from Ambrose Burnside | | | 1863 | The mostly black 54th Massachusetts Infantry is formed | | | 1885 | Khartoum: Mahdist troops overwhelm the Sudanese-Egyptian garrison | | | 1887 | Battle of Dogali: The Tigrinos defeat the Italians | | | 1890 | Nellie Bly completes a 'round the world trip in 72 days | | | 1897 | Battle of Bida: British defeat the Asante | | | 1911 | Glenn Curtiss tests the first successful sea plane, San Diego | | | 1913 | John Paul Jones is laid to rest in the Chapel of the US Naval Academy | | | 1932 | British submarine M-2 sinks in the Channel, 60 die | | | 1934 | Nazi Germany and Poland sign ten year non-aggression pact | | | 1939 | Franco's Spanish Nationalists capture Barcelona | | | 1942 | Bataan: Fil-American troops consolidate Bagac-Orion line | | | 1942 | Malaya: Japanese make major inroads into the Johore Line. | | | 1942 | Marines land in Northern Ireland - 1st US troops to reach Europe | | | 1944 | Argentina severs diplomatic relations with Germany and Japan. | | | 1944 | Liberia declares war on Germany and Japan | | | 1944 | US bombers raid the Marshalls. | | | 1945 | Japanese government orders an end to offensives operations in China. | | | 1948 | Executive Order 9981: Truman orders Segregation in the Armed Forces ended | | | 1950 | India becomes a republic within the Commonwealth | | | 1950 | India institutes the Param Vir Chakra, equivalent to the Victoria Cross; 14 of 21 awards have been posthumous | | | 1956 | USSR returns the Porkkala military base to Finland | | | 1957 | India annexes Kashmir | | | 1960 | DD John S. McCain rescues crew of Shinwa Maru, East China Sea. | | | 1992 | Russia announces it will no longer target US cities with nuclear weapons. | | 27 | 81 | First Day of Sulla's triumph: for the defeat of Mithridates | | | 630 | Battle of Hunayn: Meccan Moslems defeat the pagan, Christian, & Jewish Arab tribes | | | 1302 | Dante is expelled from Florence by the Black Guelfs | | | 1524 | Giovanni degli Bande Nere captures Robecco d'Oglio | | | 1556 | Akbar becomes Mogul Emperor of India (1556-1605) | | | 1614 | Tokugawa Ieyasu outlaws Christianity in Japan | | | 1864 | Battle of Fair Gardens, TN | | | 1864 | Skirmish at Kelly's Ford, Va. | | | 1868 | The Battle of Toba-Fushimi: The “Boshin War” begins in Japan, ultimately leading to the fall of the Shogunate | | | 1915 | US Marines begin occupation of Haiti | | | 1928 | Airship Los Angeles moors to CV Saratoga in rough seas off Rhode Is. | | | 1942 | HMS Indomitable flys off 48 aircraft to reinforce the defense of Java | | | 1942 | Sub Gudgeon is first US boat to sink an enemy sub, the Japanese I-173. | | | 1942 | U.S. submarines begin supply runs to Corregidor | | | 1943 | First USAAF raid on Germany, at Wilhelmshafen | | | 1943 | US submarine sinks Shoan Maru (c. 5,600 grt) | | | 1944 | Soviets lift the German Siege of Leningrad after 880 days: perhaps 1,000,000 dead | | | 1944 | U.S. issues a report on "The Bataan Death March" | | | 1945 | 1st Cav and 32nd Inf Divs, and 122nd Cav Regt land on Luzon | | | 1945 | Russian troops liberate the Auschwitz Concentration Camp | | | 1945 | USS Higbee (DD-806) commissioned, first US warship named after a Navy woman | | | 1967 | Disastrous fire aboard Apollo 1 | | | 1967 | Treaty signed banning military use of nuclear weapons in space | | | 1969 | Nine Jews publicly executed as "spies" in Damascus | | | 1973 | US and North Vietnam sign cease-fire | | | 1977 | Pres Carter pardons most Vietnam War draft evaders (c. 10,000) | | | 2002 | Ammo dump explosion at Lagos, Nigeria, c. 1,100 die | | 28 | 81 | Second Day of Sulla's triumph: for the defeat of Mithridates | | | 98 | Trajan formally invested as Roman Emperor in succession to Nerva (98-117) | | | 198 | Triumph of Septimius Severus for his victories over the Parthians | | | 1077 | Canosa: Pope Gregory VII humbles Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich IV | | | 1099 | First Crusaders lay siege to Hosn-el-Akrad, Syria | | | 1393 | "Le Bal des Ardents": disastrous fire at a party costs King Charles VI of France what's left of his mind, 4 die | | | 1495 | Pope Alexander VI gives his son Cesare Borgia as hostage to Charles VIII of France | | | 1547 | Edward VI (age 9) succeeds his father Henry VIII | | | 1830 | Auber's opera "Fra Diavolo" premiers in Paris | | | 1846 | Battle of Allwal: British defeat the Sikhs | | | 1860 | Britain formally returns Mosquito Coast to Nicaragua | | | 1864 | Battle of New Bern, NC | | | 1865 | CSA Pres Jefferson Davis names three peace commissioners | | | 1871 | Paris surrenders to the Prussians | | | 1915 | SS William P Frye, torpedoed while carrying wheat to Britain - 1st US ship lost in WW I | | | 1915 | US Coast Guard created from the Life Saving and Revenue Cutter Services | | | 1916 | German colony of Cameroon surrenders to Britain & France | | | 1918 | Strike at Berlin munitions factories | | | 1920 | "Viva la Muerte!" – the Spanish Legion is formed | | | 1932 | Japanese capture Shanghai | | | 1942 | Bataan: Japanese attack the new US/Philippine defenses | | | 1942 | Ens. Donald Mason radios, "Sighted sub, sank same." | | | 1942 | German troops capture Benghazi, Libya | | | 1942 | Malaya: British forces begin to withdraw towards Singapore | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: the CAM Div advances across the Nueha River. | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Japanese attack Australian Kanga Force at Wau | | | 1944 | RAF puts 683 bombers over Berlin | | | 1981 | William J Casey begins six years as director of the CIA | | | 1982 | Italian police rescue Brig Gen James L. Dozier from 42 days imprisonment by Red Brigades | | | 1986 | Space Shuttle Challenger explodes shortly after launch, seven die. | | | 1991 | Dictator Siad Barre flees Somalia, replacing 22 years of misrule with over a decade of chaos | | 29 | 904 | Consecration of Pope Sergius III (904-911) | | | 1574 | Battle of Rommerswael: Dutch "Sea Beggars" take 15 Spanish ships | | | 1587 | Spanish capture Dutch towns of Deventer & Zutphen | | | 1814 | Battle of Brienne: Napoleon defeats the Russo-Prussians | | | 1848 | Messina: Popular uprising against the Borbons | | | 1856 | Queen Victoria authorizes the award of a new decoration, to be called the "Victoria Cross" | | | 1864 | Battle of Moorefield, WV (Rosser's Raid) | | | 1879 | Custer Battlefield National Monument established | | | 1904 | New York subway opens | | | 1916 | First German zeppelin raid on Paris | | | 1923 | Juan de la Cierva demonstrates the first autogiro, Madrid | | | 1942 | The first US troops arrive on Fiji | | | 1942 | Under Japanese pressure, the British pull back into Singapore, as their 18th Div arrives by sea | | | 1943 | HMNZS Kiwi rams Japanese sub I-1 off Guadalcanal | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Australian Kanga Force holds the Japanese at Wau. | | | 1944 | Major Luftwaffe raid on London | | | 1944 | USN air raids on Japanese bases in the Marshal islands begin. | | | 1944 | USS Missouri (BB-63) launched in Brooklyn | | | 1945 | Luzon: 38th Div lands near Subic Bay and moves southward toward Bataan. | | | 1991 | Battle of Khafji, Saudi Arabia: Iraqis capture the town | | 30 | 9 | Augustus dedicates the Ara Pacis | | | 1349 | Jews of Freilsburg, Germany, are massacred | | | 1467 | Battle of Velke Kostolany: Mathias Corvinus defeats Bratríci | | | 1592 | Ippolito Aldobrandini elected Pope as Clement VIII (1592-1605) | | | 1643 | Battle of Adwalton Moor: Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians | | | 1647 | Scots agree to sell King Charles I to the English Parliament | | | 1648 | Peace of Munster: Spain recognizes the independence of the the Netherlands, ending the Eighty Years' War | | | 1781 | Articles of Confederation go into effect, establishing a perpetual union of “The United States of America” | | | 1806 | Prussia takes possession of Hanover | | | 1835 | Richard Lawrence attempts to assassinate Pres Andrew Jackson | | | 1853 | Napoleon III weds Eugenie Maria de Montijo y de Guzman | | | 1862 | USS Monitor is launched in Greenpoint, Brooklyn | | | 1897 | Theodore Roosevelt gives cousin Franklin Mahan's "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History" for his 15th birthday | | | 1898 | Theodore Roosevelt gives cousin Franklin Mahan's "The Interest of America in Sea Power" for his 16th birthday | | | 1902 | Anglo-Japanese alliance formed | | | 1911 | Royal Canadian Navy formed | | | 1913 | The Young Turk government of the Ottoman Empire denounces the Armistice of Çatalca (November) and resumes hostilities in the First Balkan War | | | 1915 | German submarine attack on Le Havre | | | 1933 | President Hindenburg names Adolph Hitler Chancellor of Germany | | | 1935 | Ezra Pound meets Mussolini, bores him with passages from the "Cantos" | | | 1937 | Second wave of Stalin's purges begins | | | 1939 | Hitler calls for the extermination of the Jews | | | 1941 | British troops capture Derna | | | 1942 | Bataan: Fil-Am troops begin clearing Japanese pockets along the coast. | | | 1942 | Burma: Japanese undertake a surprise attack on Moulmein | | | 1942 | Netherlands East Indies: Japanese attack Amboina | | | 1943 | Air-Sea Battle of the Rennell Islands; CA Chicago lost. | | | 1943 | British daylight raid on Berlin by 6 Mosquito bombers | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: U.S. lands reinforcements and supplies | | | 1943 | Hitler promotes Friedrich Paulus to field marshal | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Australian Kanga Force defeats Japanese at Wau | | | 1944 | Burma: Chinese forces oust Japanese from Taro Plain. | | | 1945 | Danzig: Soviet sub sinks German ship Wilhelm Gustloff, c 7,700 die | | | 1957 | Congress accepts "Eisenhower Doctrine" | | | 1964 | Military coup by Gen Nguyen Khanh in South-Vietnam | | | 1968 | The Tet Offensive | | | 1972 | "Bloody Sunday" - British troops kill 13 Catholics in Derry | | | 1976 | George H. W. Bush becomes director of the CIA | | | 1991 | Battle of Khafji, Saudi Arabia, second day | | | 1995 | Islamist terror attack in Algiers, 42 die, 296 wounded | | 31 | 1000 | Completion of the temple of Hercules at Tyre [Alt] | | | 1187 | Battle of Mamgarvia Moor: King William I of Scotland defeats Donald ban MacWilliam | | | 1298 | Peace of Tournai: Flemings accept French rule, with limits | | | 1402 | Battle of Ruthin: Owen Glendower defeats Reginald Grey, the Lord of Ruthin | | | 1504 | Treaty of Lyons: France aknowledges Spanish domination of Naples (for a while) | | | 1578 | Battle of Gembloux: Don John of Austria's Spanish defeat the Dutch under Antony de Goignies | | | 1804 | Scottish militia turns out when bonfires warning of a French invasion are lit in error | | | 1804 | VAdm William "Bounty" Bligh's squadron captures Curaçao | | | 1861 | State of Louisiana takes over US Mint at New Orleans | | | 1863 | Black 1st SC Volunteers mustered into the US Army | | | 1865 | Gen Robert E Lee named General-in-Chief of all Confederate Armies | | | 1880 | Br training ship Atalanta leaves Bermuda, to disappear at sea, c. 280 die | | | 1895 | Jose Marti, Maximo Gomez, and others leave New York to invade Spanish Cuba | | | 1915 | Germans stage first poison gas attack, against the Russians | | | 1917 | Germany notifies US that U-boats will attack neutral shipping | | | 1929 | Erich Maria Remarque's "All Quiet on the Western Front" is published | | | 1929 | Leon Trotsky expelled from Russia to Turkey | | | 1941 | Anti-German demonstration in Haarlem, Netherlands | | | 1942 | Bataan: Japanese pressure eases. | | | 1942 | Burma: British abandon Moulmein and retire across the Salween River | | | 1942 | Malaya: Last British troops withdraw to Singapore Island | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: CAM Div advances to the Bonegi River | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Australian troops mop-up at Wau, as the Japanese 20th Div completes concentration at Wewak | | | 1943 | Chile breaks diplomatic relations with Germany and Japan | | | 1944 | U.S. troops land on Kwajelein island and nearby islands in the Marshalls | | | 1945 | 11th Airborne Div lands - by sea - at the south entrance to Manila Bay. | | | 1961 | 1st black commander of a USN combatant: Samuel Lee Gravely, Jr., DE Falgout (DE-324) | | | 1972 | Military coup ousts civilian government of Ghana | | | 1981 | Last enlisted USN aviator retires. |
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