December Military History

Born

1	1083	Anna Comnena, Byzantine princess, historian, d. 1153
	1726	Oliver Wolcott, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, see Deaths
	1826	William Mahone, Maj Gen, C.S.A, d. 1895
	1832	Archibald Gracie Jr, Brig Gen, C.S.A., KIA, 1864
	1835	Micah Jenkins, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1864
2	1802	Melancthon Smith Wade, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1868
	1821	Rufus Barringer, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1895
	1825	Emperor Pedro II of Brazil (1831-89)
	1837	Charles Garrison Harker, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864
	1896	Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgi K Zuhkov
	1924	Alexander Haig, Jr,
3	1368	King Charles VI "the Well-Beloved" of France (1380-1422)
	1755	Gilbert Stuart, soldier, artist ("George Washington"),d. 1828
	1806	Henry Alexander Wise, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1876
	1809	Thomas Alfred Davies, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1899
	1822	Charles Adam Heckman, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1896
	1826	George Brinton McClellan, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1885
	1829	Green Berry Raum, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1909
	1902	Mitsuo Fuchida, who would say "Tora! Tora! Tora!"
4	1812	Elias Smith Dennis, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1894
	1818	William Wing "Old Blizzards" Loring, Maj Gen, C.S.A.
	1824	Crazy Horse, k. 1877
	1865	Edith Louisa Cavell, England, nurse,
	1881	Erwin von Witzleben, German FM and anti-Nazi conspirator, k. 1945
	1892	Francisco Franco y Bahamonde, El Caudillo, d 1976
	1912	Gregory "Pappy" Boyington, leader of the "Black Sheep", MoH, d. 1988
5	1443	Giuliano delle Rovere - Pope Julius II (1503-1513), warrior, patron of the arts
	1839	George Armstrong Custer, kia 1876
	1861	Armando Diaz, Italian supreme commander in WW I
	1902	Strom Thurmond, soldier, segregationist
	1927	Bhumibol Adulyadej, King Rama IX of Thailand (1950- ), jazzman
6	1285	King Ferdinand V of Castille & Leon
	1421	King Henry VI of England (1422-61 and 1470-71)
	1478	Baldassar Castiglione, "the most perfect gentleman," d. 1529
	1809	Stephen Thomas, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1903
	1816	Henry Eustace McCulloch, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1895
	1831	Joshua Woodrow Sill, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1862
	1833	Col. John Singleton Mosby, "The Gray Ghost," d. 1916
	1886	Joyce Kilmer, poet, kia with the Fighting 69th, 1918
7	1542	Queen Mary Stuart of Scots (1560-1587)
	1598	Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini, fortification engineer, architect
	1888	Hamilton Fish, captain, 369th Infantry, WW I, isolationist
	1890	Vito Andelino, in Corleone, Sicily
8	65	BC Horace, soldier, poet
	528	BC Siddhartha Gautama, The Buddha
	1626	Queen Christina of Sweden (1632-1654), d. 1689
	1708	Francis I, Holy Roman emperor (1745-1765)
	1765	Eli Whitney, inventor
	1822	Luther Prentice Bradley, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1910
	1828	Clinton Bowen Fisk, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1890
	1828	Robert Bullock, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1905
	1865	Jan Sibelius, composer ("Finlandia")
	1926	Joach Fest, historian ("Hitler"), d. 2006
9	1594	King Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden (1611-32), kia 1632
	1868	Fritz Haber, German scientist, inventor of poison gas
	1909	Douglas Fairbanks Jr, Knickerbocker Gray, naval officer, WW II
10	1794	James Wolfe Ripley, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1870
	1819	Felice Orsini, Italian patriot who attempted to assasinate Napoleon III; executed, 1858
	1820	David Allen Russell, Brig Gen, U.S., kia, 1864
	1822	Thomas Casimir Devin, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1878
	1886	Victor McLaglen, guardsman, actor ("Gunga Din")
11	1475	Giovanni de'Medici - Pope Leo X (1513-1521), son of Il Magnifico
	1797	Hiram Paulding, naval officer, U.S., d. 1878
	1882	Fiorello La Guardia, airman
	1918	Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, sometime Red Army major, Soviet dissident, author (�The GULAG Archipelago), d. 2008
12	1673	Sultan Ahmed III of Turkey, 1703-30
	1712	Duke Charles Alexander of Lorraine
	1791	Maria Louisa of Austria, Mrs Napoleon No. 2; d. 1847
	1805	William Lloyd Garrison, abolitionist
	1806	Stand Watie, Indian Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1871
	1818	Paul Octave Hebert, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1880
	1830	Joseph Orville Shelby, Brig Gen, d. 1897
	1913	Jesse Owens, who spoiled Hitler's Olympics
	1915	Frank Sinatra, notorius draft dodger, actor ("Von Ryan's Express")
	1924	Edward Koch, B-17 gunner, ETO (Mayor, NYC, 1977-89),
13	1521	Felice Peretti - Pope Sixtus V (1585-1590)
	1533	King Erik XIV Vasa of Sweden (1560-69)
	1553	King Henry IV of Navarre (1572-1610) and France (1589-1610)
	1816	Werner von Siemens, German artillery officer, electrician
	1914	Alan L Bullock, historian ("Hitler: A Study in Tyranny")
14	1716	Philip Livingston, Signer of the Declaration of Independence
	1830	Allen Thomas, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1907
	1832	Daniel Harris Reynolds, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1902
	1837	William Wells, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892
	1895	King George VI of Great Britain (1936-52), naval officer
	1896	James H Doolittle, who bombed Tokyo, d. 1992
	1901	King Paul I of Greece
15	37	Nero (Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus), Roman Emperor (54-68)
	130	Lucius Verus, Roman Emperor, 161-169, Colleague to Marcus Aurelius
	1918	Jeff Chandler, actor ("Merrill's Marauders"), d. 1961
16	1485	Catherine of Aragon, Mrs Henry VIII No. 1
	1812	William Grose, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1900
	1819	Robert Garnett, Brig Gen, C.S.A.: 1st general kia in the Civil War, 1861
	1825	Henry Heth, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1899
	1828	John Beatty, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1914
	1830	John Frederick Hartranft, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1889
	1888	Alphonse Juin, last Marshal of France, d. 1967
	1917	Arthur C. Clarke, RAF, science fictioneer (�2001�, et.), d. 2008
17	1807	John Greenleaf Whittier, poet ("What Gives the Wheat-Field Blades of Steel?"), d 1892
	1819	Samuel Jones, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1887
	1820	Frederick Tracy Dent, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892
	1821	Frederick West Lander, Brig Gen, U.S., KIA. 1862
	1824	Manning Ferguson Force, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1899
	1833	James Thaddeus Holtzclaw, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1893
18	1709	Tsarina Elizabeth of Russia
	1811	Alexander Sandor Asboth, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1868
	1816	Alfred Elzey Jones, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1871
	1825	Charles Griffin, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1867
	1826	John Mercer Brooke, C.S.N., naval engineer, gun founder, d. 1906
	1835	George Dashiell Bayard, Brig Gen, U.S., KIA, 1862
	1863	Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, k., Sarajevo, June 28, 1914
19	1683	Felipe V, first Borbon King of Spain (1700-46)
	1814	Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, d. 1869
	1817	James Jay Archer, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d/w, 1864
	1819	James Clifford Veatch, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895
	1837	John Carpenter Carter, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d/w, 1864
	1906	Leonid I Brezhnev, Soviet Dictator (1964-82)
20	1807	Richard Lucian Page, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901
	1808	Thomas Tinsley Craven, naval officer, U.S., d. 1887
	1825	Romeyn Beck Ayres, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1888
	1833	Samuel A Mudd, friend to John Wilkes Booth, probable conspirator
21	1537	King John III of Sweden (1569-92)
	1832	John Henry Ketcham, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1906
	1879	Joseph Vissarionovich Dzugashvili, later known as Stalin, mass murderer, d. 1953
	1918	Kurt Waldheim, Nazi, UN Sec-Gen (1972-81), Austrian president [See Events]
22	245	Diocles - Diocletian - Roman Emperor (284-305), d. 313
	1696	James Oglethorpe, general, founder of Georgia
	1803	Joseph King Fenno Mansfield, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1862
	1826	James Scott Negley, Maj Gen. U.S., d. 1901
	1831	Robert Ogden Tyler, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1874
	1832	Edward Hatch, Brig. Gen, U.S., d. 1889
	1847	Togo Heihachiro, Admiral of the Fleet, Victor of Tsu-Shima, d. 1934
	1856	Frank Kellogg, SecState who helped August Briand "outlaw" war
	1876	Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Futurist, who thought war was a good idea, d. 1942
23	1750	Frederik Augustus I of Saxony (1806-27)
	1777	Tsar Alexander I of Russia (1801-25), friend and foe to Napoleon
	1808	Thomas Turner, naval officer, U.S., d. 1883
	1818	David Addison Weisiger, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1899
	1827	Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, Austrian admiral: Helgoland, 1864; Lissa 1866.
	1923	James B. Stockdale, Vice Adm, Medal of Honor, d. 2005
	1933	Emperor Akihito of Japan (1989- )
24	3	BC Servius Sulpicius Galba, Roman Emperor (June 68-Jan 15, 69), near Terracina
	1167	John Lackland, King of England (1199-1216), who �granted� Magna Carta
	1745	Benjamin Rush, physician-general, Continental Army
	1761	Sultan Selim III of Turkey (1789-1808)
	1809	Christopher "Kit" Carson, scout, Brig Gen, U.S.
25	1	Jesus - Traditional
	1821	Clara Barton, war nurse, founder of the American Red Cross, d. 1912
	1823	Preston Smith, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863
	1832	Thomas Alfred Smyth, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1865
	1899	Humphrey Bogart, erstwhile steersman, USS Leviathan, 1918-1919
	1918	Pres Anwar el-Sadat of Egypt (1970-81), Nobelist (1978), murdered, 1981
26	1194	Frederick II, German Emperor (1212-1250), the "Wonder of the World," in the town square of Jesi, Sicily
	1770	Pierre de Cambronne, French general, who said "Merde!" at Waterloo
	1809	William Nelson Pendleton, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1883
	1815	Israel Bush Richardson, Maj Gen, U.S., d/w, 1862
	1820	Gustavus Adolphus Smith, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1885
	1824	Augustus Louis Chetlain, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1914
	1837	Admiral of the Navy George Dewey, d. 1917
	1893	Mao Tse-tung, history's champion mass murder
27	1717	Giovanni Anelico Braschi - Pope Pius VI (1775-1799)
	1761	Michael Barclay de Tolly, Russian general
	1814	James Henry Carleton, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1873
	1816	Eliakim Parker Scammon, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1894
	1829	James Clay Rice, Brig Gen, U.S. d/w, 1864
	1831	Lucius Fairchild, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1896
	1897	Marshal of the Soviet Union Ivan S. Konev
	1901	Marlene Dietrich, determined anti-Nazi
28	1801	James Barnes, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1869
	1822	William Booth Taliaferro, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1898
	1827	Robert Latimer McCook, Brig Gen, U.S., KIA in 1862
	1833	Charles Miller Shelley, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1907
	1859	John W Fortescue, British military historian
	1898	Jean Faircloth, Mrs. Douglas MacArthur
	1908	Lew Ayres, actor ("All Quiet on Western Front")
29	1808	Andrew Johnson, Brig Gen, U.S., president, 1865-69.
	1809	Albert Pike, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1891
	1859	Venustiano Carranza, President of Mexico (1915-20)
	1879	Billy Mitchell, extreme aviation advocate
30	39	Titus Flavius Vespasianus - Roman Emperor Titus (79-81)
	1818	James Cantey, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1874
	1819	John White Geary, Brig Gen, U.S, d. 1873
	1828	Mark Perrin Lowrey, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1885
	1865	Rudyard Kipling, poet and author ("Barrack Room Ballads", "Kim")
	1884	Tojo Hideki, Japanese general and prime minister, executed 1948
31	1378	Alfons de Borja - Pope Calixtus III (1455-1458)
	1550	Henri de Guise, French Catholic extremist, k. 1588
	1720	Charles Edward Stuart, "The Young Pretender" to the English throne
	1738	Charles Lord Cornwallis, British general, who lost America at Yorktown
	1815	George Gordon Meade, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1872
	1825	Francis Trowbridge Sherman, Brig Gen, U.S., in 1905
	1830	Ismail Pasha, Kedive of Egypt (1863-79)
	1880	General of the Army George C Marshall, Peace Nobelist
	1908	Simon Wiesenthal, Nazi Hunter, d. 2005

Died

1	1135	King Henry I Beauclerc of England (1100-1035), of a �surfeit of lampreys� at c. 67
	1374	King Magnus Eriksson of Norway & Sweden
	1521	Pope Leo X - Giovanni de'Medici (1513-1521), son of Il Magnifico
	1592	Vincenzo Marescotti, Patrician of Bologna, kia, Gavorre
	1802	Oliver Wolcott, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, on his 76th birthday
	1830	Pope Pius VIII - Francesco Xaverio Castiglione (1829-1830)
	1842	Midshipman Philip Spencer, Boatswain Samuel Cromwell, & Seaman Elisha Small, hanged for the Somers �Mutiny�
	1934	Sergei Kirov, Politburo member, assassinated, probably by Stalin's orders
	1973	David Ben-Gurion, first prime minister of Israel (1948-1953), at 87
	2004	Prince Bernard of the Netherlands, hero of the Resistance, b. 1911
2	1152	Pope Anastasius IV (1151-1152)
	1319	Ugo del Balzo, Captain General of Piedmont, kia, the siege of Alessandria
	1547	Hernan Cortes, conquistador, attorney, at c. 62
	1859	John Brown, hanged
	1899	Filipino Brig. Gen. Gregorio del Pilar, kia at 26, Tirad Pass
	1923	Capt. Arthur MacArthur III, U.S.N. (elder brother of Douglas), appendicitis
	1944	Filippo T. Marinetti, Futurist, who loved war, in bed at 67
	1967	Francis Spellman, Vicar General of the Armed Forces, Cardinal Archbishop of New York, at 78
3	313	Roman Emperor Diocletian (284-305), while raising cabbages in retirement at Spalato
	1137	Lothar III, Holy Roman Emperor (1133-37)
	1431	Giovanni I Count of Carpegna, killed in a popular uprising.
	1839	King Frederik VI of Denmark (1808-39) & Norway (1803-14)
	1892	William Bonaparte, grandson of Lucien, grand-nephew of Napoleon
4	235	St. Barbara, Patron of Artillery, Martyred
	1334	Pope John XXII - Jacques d'Euse (1316-1334)
	1642	Cardinal Richelieu
5	1345	Matteo Orsini, Lord of Mugnano, murdered at Orvieto
	1355	Duke Jan III of Brabant and Limburg
	1560	King Francis II of France (1559-60), at 16
	1891	Emperor Pedro II of Brazil (1831-89)
	2008	Richard Topus, US Army master pigeonman, 1942-1945, at 84
6	1185	King Afonso I "the Conqueror" of Portugal (1143-85), at 76
	1352	Pope Clement VI - Pierre Roger (1342-1352)
	1793	Mdm. Jeanne du Barry, mistress of Louis XV, courtesy Mdm Guillotine
	1889	Jefferson F Davis, sometime SecWar, Confederate President (1861-1865)
	1892	Werner von Siemens, German artillery officer, electrician
7	43	BC Cicero, slain at 63, near his villa at Formiae, by agents of Marc Antony
	283	Pope St. Eutychianus (275-283)
	424	BC Accession of Shah Darius II of Persia (423-404 BC) [Alt]
	1254	Pope Innocent IV - Sinibaldo de' Fieschi (1243-1254)
	1528	Count Federigo Caetani of Fondi, beheaded at Naples with other rebels
	1817	William Bligh, of "Bounty" fame, in London
	1896	Cuabn revoluitonary heroes Antonio Maceo, "The Bronze Titan," and Francisco Gomez, son of Maximo Gomez, kia, Loma del Gato, Cuba
	1962	Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian soprano, Nazi collaborator
	1979	Prince Chahryar Shafik, Shah of Iran's nephew, murdered in Paris
	1985	Robert Graves, soldier, poet, novelist ("Goodbye to All That"), at 90
8	1587	Mary Queen of Scots (1560-1587) beheaded by her cousin Elizabeth
	1978	Golda Meir, prime minister of Israel (1969-1974), in Jerusalem at 80
9	1437	Sigismund, German Emperor and king of Hungary and Bohemia, at 70
	1565	Pope Pius IV - Giovanni Angelo Medici (1559-1565).
	1706	King Pedro II of Portugal (1683-1706), at 58
10	100	BC C. Saufeius, Quaestor, G. Servilius Glaucia, Praetor, L. Appuleius Saturninus, Tribune, murdered in the Senate
	969	Nicephorus II Phocas, Byzantine co-Emperor (963-969), murdered
	1041	Michael IV Paphlagonicus, Byzantine Emperor
	1896	Alfred Nobel, inventor of dynamite, endower of prizes
	1914	Dan Sickles, sometime soldier, full time hustler
	2005	Clark G. Reynolds. historian (�The Fast Carriers�), at 65
11	385	Pope St. Damasus I (366-384)
	1282	Michael VIII Paleologus, Byzantine Emperor (1259-1282)
	1416	Giovanni Cenci, Governor of Rome, assassinated.
	1718	King Charles XII of Sweden (1697-1718), shot during a siege
	1756	Theodore Neuhoff, sometime King of Corsica (1736-1738), in London,
	1941	Yank RCAF Pilot John Magee, Jr, author ("High Flight"), flight accident at 19
12	404	BC Shah Darius II Nothos of Persia (424-404 BC)
	1112	Tancred, Crusader Lord of Galilee, Edessa, and Antioch
	1263	King Haakon IV of Norway (1217-1263)
	1582	Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, third Duke of Alba, at 74
	1914	Watkins Lewis, black American, lynched in Shrevport, La.
13	838	King Pepin I of Aquitania
	1124	Pope Callistus II (1119-1124)
	1126	Duke Heinrich IX "the Black" of Bavaria (1120-1126)
	1204	Maimonides, philosopher and scholar, at 69
	1250	Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II "Stupor Mundi" (1212-1250), at 55
	1557	Niccolo Tartaglia, mathematician, ballistician
	1672	Jan II Kazimierz, king of Poland (1648-1668), at 63
	1783	Dr. Johnson
	1945	"Beast of Belsen" Josef Kramer, hanged
	1945	"Bitch of Belsen", Irma Grese, hanged at 22
	1945	Eight other Belsen war criminals, hanged
	1969	Adm Raymond A Spruance, victor at Midway, at 83
14	1136	King Harald IV of Norway, murdered
	1417	John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham, hanged; the model for Falstaff
	1754	Sultan Mehemet I of Turkey
	1788	King Carlo IV of Naples (1735-1759)/Carlos III of Spain (1759-1788)
	1799	George Washington, at 66
	1861	Albert, the Prince Consort, at 42
	1943	Capt. Henry T. Waskow, Co. B., 143rd Infantry, kia on Hill 703, near San Pietro, prompting Ernie Pyle to write the most moving dispatch of World War II.
	1947	Stanley Baldwin, English premier, appeaser
15	214	BC Hieronymus, Tyrant of Syracuse (215-214 BC), at about 16 [Alt]
	337	BC Timoleon, Corinthian general, liberator of Syracuse, b. 411 BC [Alt]
	1025	Byzantine Emperor Basil II the "Bulgar-Slayer" (976-1025)
	1072	Alp Arslan, Sultan of the Seljuk Turks (1059-1072), at c. 42
	1230	Ottokar I, King of Bohemia (1197-1230)
	1794	Jean Baptiste Carrier, French revolutionary terrorist, guillotined
	1796	Maj. Gen. "Mad" Anthony Wayne, b. 1745
	1817	Maria Walewska Leszczinska, lover of Napoleon I
	1890	Sitting Bull, Hunkpapa Sioux, killed
	1944	Major Glenn Miller, big band leader, lost over the English Channel on a flight that sparks numerous inane conspiracy theories
16	714	Duke Pipin II of the Franks
	882	Pope John VIII (872-882)
	1476	Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza of Milan (1466-1476), assassinated by students of Cola Montano, a disgruntled Latin teacher
	1529	Marzio Orsini, Roman Nobleman, kia with the French at the siege of Florence
	1916	Grigori Rasputin, assassinated, after several tries
	1922	Gabriel Narutowicz, 1st president of Poland, assassinated
17	1187	Pope Gregory VIII - Alberto di Morra (21 Oct-17 Dec 1187)
	1195	Count Baldwin VIII of Flanders
	1830	Simon Bolivar, "The Liberator"
	1847	Maria Louisa of Austria, second wife to Napoleon, in Parma
	1909	King Leopold II of Belgium
	1942	Lt jg Thomas La Farge, USCG, artist, lost at sea
	1975	Noble Sissle, bandmaster, 369th Inf, WW I, at 86
18	1290	King Magnus I of Sweden (1277-90)
	1935	Juan Gomez, dictator of Venezuela (1908-35)
	1980	Alexei Kosygin, Soviet premier, heart attack at 76
19	1170	Thomas a Beckett, murdered in the Cathedral
	1370	Pope Urban V - Guillaume de Grimoard (1362-1370)
	1959	Walter Williams, falsely claiming to be the last Civil War veteran
20	217	Pope St. Zephyrinus (198-217)
	910	King Alfonso III of the Asturias
	1355	King Stefan IX Dusan of Serbia (1346-55)
	1679	Maurice of Nassau, noted Dutch general, at 75
	1936	Baron De Borchgrave, Belgian ambassador, murdered in Madrid
	1937	Erich Ludendorff, German general (WW I) and Hitler's friend, at 72
	1939	Capt. Hans Langsdorff of the Graf Spee, suicide
	1973	Luis Carrero Blanco, Premier of Spain, blown up almost to heaven
21	1308	Count Henry I "the Child" of Hesse (1256-1308)
	1907	Klara Hitler, mother of Adolf, of cancer at 47
	1937	Frank Kellogg, SecState who tried to "outlaw" war
	1945	Gen. George S. Patton, of injuries sustained in a car accident
	1948	Seisjiro Itagaki, Japanese War Minister, hanged for war crimes
22	69	Emperor Vitellius (Jan 2/Apr 16-Dec 22, 69), murdered in the streets of Rome
	1440	Bluebeard, serial killer, executed
	1603	Sultan Mehmed III of Turkey
	1815	Jose Maria Morelos, Mexican revolutionary, priest, executed by Spaniards
	1913	Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia (1896-1913), at 69
	1979	Darryl F Zanuck, producer ("The Longest Day")
23	558	King Childebert I of the Franks, at Paris
	679	King Dagobert II of Austrasia (676-679), murdered
	1435	Anton Galeazzo Bentivoglio, Lord of Bologna (1420-1435), Lecturer in Civil Law, assassinated.
	1569	St Philip of Moscow, martyred by Ivan the Terrible
	1588	Henri de Lorraine, Duke of Guise, French Catholic League leader, 37, assassinated at Blois by order of King Henri III of France
	1619	Duke Johan Sigismund of Prussia, at 47
	1675	C�sar, duc de Choiseul, Marshal of France, creator of Louis XIV's army, at 73
	1939	Anthony Fokker, aviation pioneer
	1948	Former Japanese Premier Hideki Tojo (1941-44) and six other war criminals, executed
	1953	Lavrenti P Beria, Stalin's executioner, executed, along with six aides
	1972	Andrej N Tupolev, Russian aircraft builder
	1975	Richard S Welch, CIA station chief in Athens, shot dead
	1982	Jack Webb, actor ("The DI")
24	361	Archbishop George of Cappadocia, murdered at Alexandria
	1435	Anton Galeazzo Bentivoglio, aspirant Lord of Bologna, murdered by the Papal Vicar of the city
	1491	Pirro del Balzo, Duke of Venosa, his brother Angilberto del Balzo, Count of Tricase, and the latter�s son, Giovan Paolo del Balzo, Count of Ugento, strangled at Naples for rebellion against King Ferrante I
	1502	Ramiro de Lorqua/d�Orca, sometime commander of Cesare Borgia�s troops in the Romagna, executed by his master at Cesena
	1524	Vasco da Gama, Portuguese navigator, in Cochin, India
	1531	Malatesta Baglioni II the Younger, Lord of Perugia by murder, betrayer of Florence, of natural causes at 40.
	1588	Cardinal Count Louis II of Guise, by order of King Henri III of France
	1800	Pensol, a 14 years old girl, killed in the �Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise� to assassinate Napoleon
	1922	Giovanni Martini, Custer's trumpeter, in Brooklyn
	1942	Jean Darlan, French Vichyite admiral, murdered
	1985	Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, 81, last descendant of Abraham Lincoln, his great-grandfather
25	795	Pope Adrian I (772-795)
	820	Byzantine Emperor Leo V �the Armenian� (813-20), murdered at Constantinople
	1683	Kara Mustafa, Turkish grand vizer (1676-83), executed
	1761	Tsarina Elizabeth of Russia
	1926	Emperor Yoshihito of Japan (1912-26)
	1989	Former Pres Nicolae Ceausescu of Romania (1969-1989) and his wife Elena, executed
	1992	Garrison H Davidson, Commandant of West Point
26	1476	Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza of Milan (1466-1476), 32,, stabbed by Giovanni Andr�a Lampugnani, Carlo Visconti, & Girolamo Olgiati, whom he had cuckolded
	1476	Giovanni Andr�a Lampugnani, Carlo Visconti, & Girolamo Olgiati, slain by Sforza's bodyguards
	1704	Count Palatine Roberto Malvizzi, kia at 45, Commanding the Imperial Regiment of Lorraine, Battle of Verrua
	1740	Count Maurice Louis II of Nassau
	1972	Harry S Truman, National Guardsman, veteran, at 88
	1974	Jack Benny, World War I veteran, at 80
	2006	Gerald R. Ford, sometime naval officer, President (1974-1976), at 93
27	268	Pope St. Dionysius (260-268)
	418	Pope St. Zosimus (417-418)
	1065	King Ferdinand I the Great of Castille
	1836	Stephen F Austin, Father of Texas
	1936	Hans von Seeckt, German military reformer
	1952	Henri G Winkelman, Dutch Supreme Commander in 1940, at 76
28	1503	Piero de'Medici, condottiero, drowned in the Garigliano at 30, fighting for th French against the Spanish
	1859	Thomas Babbington, Lord Macaulay, historian & poet ("Horatius at the Bridge"), b. 1800
	1947	King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (1900-46), at 78
	1948	Mahmud Nokrashy Pasha, premier of Egypt, assassinated
	2002	Regine Orfinger Karlin, Belgian Jewish anti-Nazi resistance fighter, at 92
29	1542	Prince Ivan Shuinsky, Regent of Moscovy, executed by Ivan IV
	1703	Ottoman Sultan Mustafa II
	1825	Jacques-Louis David, artist ("The Oath of the Horatii"), at 78
	1890	Chief Big Foot and several score other Sioux, at Wounded Knee
	1933	Ion Georghe Duca, premier of Romania, murdered
30	1460	Richard, Duke of York, killed at Wakefield
	1591	Pope Innocent IX - Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti (29 Oct-30 Dec 1591), at 72
	1777	Duke Maximilian III of Bavaria (1745-77), at 50
	1896	Jose Rizal, Filipino nationalist, in Spanish custody
	2006	Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti, erstwhile Dictator of Iraq (1979-2003), hanged at 69
31	192	Roman Emperor Commodus (180-192), 31, strangled in his bath by a wrestler, at the request of his mistress
	335	Pope St. Sylvester I (314-335)
	1775	Maj. Gen. Richard Montgomery, killed trying to storm Quebec

Event

1	1145	Pope Eugene III calls for a Second Crusade
	1299	Battle of Falconaria: King Frederick II of Sicily defeats Philip I of Taranto, to oust Neapolitan invaders
	1640	Portugal regains independence after 60 years of Spanish rule
	1642	Battle of Piercebridge: the Earl of Newcastle�s Cavaliers beat the Roundheads
	1742	Tsarina Elisabeth orders expulsion of all Jews from Russia
	1821	Santo Domingo proclaims independence from Spain
	1822	Battle of Monrovia: Americo-Liberians defeat local tribes
	1822	Dom Pedro I crowned Emperor of Brazil
	1842	The Somers Mutiny
	1896	Armored cruiser Brooklyn commissioned
	1917	British capture Ramalah, Palestine
	1918	Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes [Yugoslavia] proclaimed at Belgrade
	1933	Rudolf Hess & Ernst Rohm become ministers in Hitler's government
	1937	Japan recognizes Franco's Nationalists as the government of Spain
	1939	SS-Fuhrer Himmler begins deportation of Polish Jews to concentration camps
	1941	Japanese Navy changes ship call signs for the second time in a month
	1941	Subs Argonaut & Trout take station off Midway, Triton & Tambor off Wake
	1941	The Civil Air Patrol is formed
	1942	Gasoline rationing begins in the US
	1942	Papua: Australians capture Gona Village.
	1942	Papua: Lt Gen Eichelberger is put in command of the Buna-Gona operation
	1943	Formation of the 5th Marine Div begins at Camp Pendleton, California
	1989	Unsuccessful coup against Philippine Pres. Corazon Aquino
2	1152	Nicholas Breakspear elected Pope as Adrian IV (1152-1159), the only English pope
	1773	Poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge enlists in the 15th Royal Dragoons
	1777	British Gen Howe plots attack on Washington's army for Dec 4
	1804	Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French
	1805	Napoleon defeats Russians & Austrians at Austerlitz
	1823	President Monroe announces his Doctrine.
	1848	Franz Josef becomes Emperor of Austria & King of Hungary, d. 1916
	1852	Second French Empire established, under (Louis) Napoleon III
	1856	Battle of uDondakusuka: Cetswayo defeats his brother Mbuyazi to secure the Zulu throne
	1899	Battle of Tirad Pass: Peyton March defeats Filipino rearguard
	1914	Adolf Hitler is awarded the Iron Cross, Second Class � �The happiest day of my life.�
	1914	Austrians capture Belgrade, Serbia, after several tries
	1915	Fourth Battle of the Isonzo ends (began Nov 10)
	1941	British declare a state of emergency in Malaya
	1941	Hawaii: Recon aircraft ordered to search To 400 miles, from the NW to the S only
	1941	HMS Prince of Wales & Repulse ("Force Z") arrive at Singapore
	1941	Japanese First Air Fleet at 43 N, 158 30' E, c. 2,500 miles from Pearl Harbor
	1941	Roosevelt asks Japan to clarify its intentions regarding French Indochina
	1942	"The Italian navigator has arrived in the New World" - Enrico Fermi initiates the first �Atomic Pile.�
	1942	Italian blockade runner Orseolo arrives at Kobe from Bordeaux
	1942	Papua: Eichelberger relieves cdrs of 32nd Div and several subordinate units
	1942	Papua: Japanese at Buna beat off another American attack, as reinforcements arrive
	1944	Chiang Kai-shek rejects proposals to arm Communists against Japan
	1954	The Senate votes overwhelmingly to censure Sen Joseph McCarthy
	1971	UAE formed by Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujeira, Sharjah, & Umm-ak-Qiwain
3	1315	Albertino Mussato, soldier, poet, historian, is crowned "Poet Laureate" at Padua
	1685	Charles II bars Jews from settling in Stockholm
	1775	First official American flag raising, USS Alfred
	1800	Hohenlinden: Moreau's French crush the Austrians in an ambush
	1861	Skirmish at Salem, Mo
	1863	James Longstreet abandons the siege of Knoxville, TN
	1915	British 6th Indian Division falls back on Kut-el-Amara, Iraq
	1941	Japanese First Air Fleet refuels at 45 N, 170 E, 2,100 nautical miles northwest of Pearl Harbor,
	1942	Guadalcanal: Japanese destroyers land reinforcements
	1942	Munda: U.S. aerial recon finds Japanese building an air strip
	1943	Sextant Conference: US and British delegates meet at Cairo
	1944	China: Japanese Eleventh Army runs out of supplies, offensive slows down
	1956	England & France pull troops out of Egypt
4	0	Feast of St. Barbara, Patron of Artillery
	1110	Crusaders take Sidon
	1354	Byzantine Emperor John VI Catacuzenos abdicates to become a monk
	1489	Spanish liberate Baza from the Moors
	1563	Closing sesison of the Council of Trent (1545-1563)
	1783	Washington bids his officers farewell, Fraunces' Tavern
	1829	Lord William Bentinck bans sutee in India
	1861	Skirmish at Anandale, Mo
	1861	Skirmish at Dunksburg, Mo
	1862	Snowball fight, First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia
	1864	Battle of Waynesborough, GA
	1864	Romanian Jews are forbidden to practice law
	1899	Presidential son Webb Hayes earns a Medal of Honor in the Philippines
	1908	Haiti's President-General Alexis Nord flees military coup
	1918	Pres Wilson sails for Versailles Peace Conference in France
	1941	Carrier Enterprise flys-off reinforcements for Wake Island
	1941	Navy Department orders Guam to destroy all codes and secret documents
	1942	Guadalcanal: Carlson's Raiders end 30-day raid behind Japanese lines
	1942	US air raids on the Italian mainland
	1943	Japanese aerial torpedo hits carrier Lexington in the Marshalls
	1943	Sub Sailfish sinks Japanese CVE Chuyo, damages Ryuho
	1943	U.S. carriers hit Kwajelein & Wotje, inflict heavy losses
	1948	SS Kiangya hits mine in Whangpoo River China, sinks, 2,750 die
	1977	Central African Empire proclaimed under Jean-Bedel Bokassa (1977-1979)
	1983	US airstrikes on Syrian anti-aircraft positions in Lebanon
5	741	Consecration of Pope Zacharias (741-752), later canonized
	1349	Black Death Riots in Nuremberg: Jews are massacred
	1496	King Manuel I orders Jews expelled from Portugal
	1560	Charles IX ascends the throne of France
	1590	Niccolo Spondrati elected Pope as Gregory XIV (1590-1591)
	1757	Seven Years' War - Battle of Leuthen: Frederick the Great�s Prussians defeat Austrians under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine
	1812	Napoleon deserts his army during the retreat from Moscow
	1861	Richard Gatling applies for a patent on a clever device
	1862	Battle of Coffeeville, MS
	1870	Joint resolution of Congress condemns the KKK
	1934	Wal Wal: Border clash between Italian & Ethiopian troops
	1941	CV Lexington steams from Pearl Harbor to deliver aircraft to Midway
	1941	Japanese First Air Fleet at 40 North 178 East, c. 1650 miles from Pearl Harbor
	1941	Japanese invasion forces sail from Camrahn Bay and Saigon
	1942	Allies maneuver to increase pressure on the Japanese at Buna-Gona
	1943	Japanese air raid on port facilities at Calcutta
	1943	USAAF introduces drop-tanks, allowing P-47s & P-51s to escort bombers from Britain into German
	1944	German troops confiscate all the silver coins in Utrecht
	1944	Italo-Allied forces liberate Ravenna
	1950	UN forces abandon Pyongyang under heavy Chinese pressure
6	0	Feast of St. Nicholas, Patron of Bari and of Sailors
	1000	Triumphal return home of the Venetian fleet from the First Crusade
	1642	Battle of Tadcaster: Inconclusive clash between Lord Fairfax's Roundheads and the Earl of Newcastle's Cavaliers
	1830	US Naval Observatory established under Lt Louis Malesherbes
	1864	Battle of Deveaux's Neck, SC
	1865	XIII Amendment is ratified, abolishing slavery
	1912	First underwater submarine torpedo attack: Greek Deflin misses Turkish cruiser Medjidije at 500m
	1914	The Germans capture Lodz
	1917	Munition ship Mont Blanc explodes in Halifax, c. 1,700 die
	1941	Asked if the Japanese might attack Pearl Harbor, Husband Kimmel replies, "No young man, I don't think they'd be such damned fools."
	1941	FDR appeals to Emperor Hirohito to help preserve peace
	1941	Japanese First Air Fleet arrives at 31 N, 158 W, c. 550 miles north of Pearl Harbor
	1941	Soviet counter offensive begins in front of Moscow
	1941	US Navy orders outlying bases to destroy codes and secret documents
	1942	Munda: U.S. bombers hit Japanese airbase site
	1942	Papua: U.S. artillery employs "time on target" for the first time, at Buna
	1942	RAF bombs Philips factory in the Netherlands, 150 die
	1943	Burma: Allies cancel major amphibious operation
7	185	Supernova observed by Chinese & Roman scholars
	424	BC Accession of Shah Darius II of Persia (424-404 BC) [Alt]
	424	BC Battle of Delium: Thebans defeat the Athenians [Alt]
	424	BC Spartans capture Amphipolis [Alt]
	1254	Rinaldo Conti is elected Pope as Alexander IV (1254-61)
	1499	Imola surrenders to Cesare Borgia
	1798	Neapolitan Army abandons Rome: "Veni, Vidi, Fuggi"
	1862	Battle of Hartsville, TN
	1862	Battle of Prairie Grove, AR
	1916	David Lloyd George becomes Britain's Prime Minster
	1917	US declares war on Austria
	1917	US Sixth Battle Squadron joins the Grand Fleet
	1941	"Tora! Tora! Tora!"
	1941	Germans end first siege of Tobruk
	1941	Japanese destroyers shell Midway
	1941	The Erlass Brothers, Dutch resistance fighters, sent to concentration camps
	1942	Guadalcanal: "Tokyo Express" beaten off by a/c and PT-boats
	1943	Sextant Conference ends in Cairo
	1944	77th Inf Div lands at Ormoc, Leyte, in the Japanese rear
	1944	General Radescu forms Romanian government
	1944	U.S. a/c sink 13 Japanese transports resupplying Leyte
	1949	Chang Kai-shek flees from Mainland China to Taiwan
	1953	Israeli PM Ben-Gurion retires
	1970	Abortive Neo-Fascist coup in Italy
	1981	Spain becomes a member of NATO
	1986	Pres Jean-Claude Duvalier - "Baby Doc" - flees Haiti
8	1776	Washington's army retreats across the Delaware from NJ to Penna
	1863	Church fire in Santiago de Chile, 2,000 die
	1863	Lincoln announces plan for Reconstruction of the South
	1914	Battle of the Falkland Islands: British battlecruisers annihilate Spee's German cruiser squadron
	1933	The Fleet Marine Force is established
	1936	Anastasio Somoza elected president of Nicaragua
	1938	Lauvrenti Beria follows Nikolai Yezkhov as head of Russian secret police
	1941	Japanese air raids on Clark & Iba airfields, Luzon
	1941	Japanese aircraft from the Marshall Is. bomb Wake
	1941	Japanese troops attack Hong Kong
	1941	Japanese troops invade Siam
	1941	Japanese troops land in Malaya
	1941	Japanese troops land on Guam
	1941	Japanese troops occupy Shanghai, where USS Wake (PR-3) surrenders
	1941	"Force Z" (HMSs Prince of Wales & Repulse) sails from Singapore
	1941	Aussie inf coy lands on western Timor, in the Netherlands East Indies
	1941	Britain declares war on Japan
	1941	British Eighth Army lifts the first Axis siege of Tobruk, after 242 days
	1941	FDR asks for a declaration of war on Japan
	1941	The U.S. declares war on Japan
	1942	Papua: Japanese troops withdrawing from Gona sustain heavy losses
	1942	Papua: U.S. a/c defeat Japanese attempt to land troops at Buna
	1943	Japanese air raids on British airfields in Assam
	1943	New Guinea: Australian troops capture Wareo
	1943	U.S. fast battleship task force bombards Japanese positions on Nauru
	1944	Iwo Jima: U.S. bombers and CV aircraft begin a 72 day pre-invasion bombardment
	1952	French troops shoot on demonstrators at Casablanca, 50 die
	1966	US & USSR sign treaty to prohibit nuclear weapons in outer space
	1982	Suriname army leader Bouterse murders 15 opponents
9	536	Belisarius takes Rome from the Ostrogoths
	1625	Treaty of the Hague: England & the Netherlands agree to subsidize Denmark in the Thirty Years' War
	1738	Jews are expelled from Breslau, Silesia
	1824	Chileans defeat Spanish at Ayacucho, Peru
	1835	Texians capture San Antonio de Bexar from the Mexicans
	1854	Alfred Lord Tennyson's "The Charge of the Light Brigade" is published
	1861	Battle of Bird Creek, Indian Territory
	1899	Stormberg, First Battle of �Black Week�: the Boers defeat the British, and capture an entire battalion
	1910	French troops occupy Agadir, Morroco
	1917	Commoonwealth & Allied troops under General Allenby capture Jerusalem
	1931	Japanese army attacks Chinese province of Jehol
	1933	Romania bans Fascistic Iron Guard
	1938	Prototype radar installed on USS New York (BB-34)
	1939	Russian air raid on Helsinki
	1940	British offensive in North Africa, against the Italian Tenth Army
	1940	Greeks begin counteroffensive against Italians in Albania
	1941	China declares war on Japan, after four years of "incidents"
	1941	Japanese troops from Kwajelein occupy Tarawa in the Gilberts
	1941	Luzon: Japanese bomb Nichols Field
	1941	Malaya: Japanese capture Khota Baru airfield
	1941	Siam agrees to a cease fire with Japan
	1942	Australians capture Gona in hand-to-hand fighting
	1943	Bougainville: SeaBees complete Torokina airstrip
	1943	Chiang Kai-shek requests increased US financial and air assistance
	1948	UN General Assembly unanimously approves Convention on Genocide
	1961	SS Col Adolf Eichman convicted of war crimes in Israel
	1967	Nicolea Ceausescu becomes dictator of Romania
	1987	Palestinian uprising begins in the Israeli-occupied West Bank
	1992	Operation Restore Hope begins: US Marines land in Somalia
10	0	Roman Tribunes of the People enter office for one year
	100	BC Massacre of the Populares in the Senate
	1494	Condottiero Prospero Colonna again switches allegience, from the French back to the Pope
	1652	Battle of Dungeness: Tromp's Dutch fleet defeat Blake's English one
	1809	Napoleon divorces Josephine
	1864	Sherman reaches Savannah, begins 12 day siege
	1877	Turks surrender Plevna to Russo-Romanian Army after a protracted siege
	1898	Spanish-American War ends, US gains Philippines, Puerto Rico, & Guam
	1901	First Nobel Peace Prizes, to Jean Henri Dunant and Frederic Passy
	1906	Theodore Roosevelt is the first American awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
	1907	Rudyard Kipling receives the Nobel Prize for Literature
	1920	Woodrow Wilson receives the Nobel Peace Prize
	1926	Hitler's "Second Book" published
	1941	Guam surrenders to a Japanese landing force after a two day battle
	1941	Japanese a/c sink HMSs Prince of Wales and Repulse, South China Sea
	1941	Japanese naval aircraft bomb Cavite Navy Yard, Manila Bay
	1941	Japanese troops begin landings in northern Luzon
	1941	USS Enterprise aircraft sink sub I-70, first Japanese warship sunk in WWII
	1942	Br offensive in Arakan, moving between the sea and the mountains
	1942	Hitler names Mussert "Fuhrer of the Netherlands"
	1942	Japanese aircraft airdrop supplies into Buna
	1942	Papua: Australian troops land at Oro Bay, near Buna
	1942	U.S. aircraft bomb Munda
	1948	UN General Assembly adopts Universal Declaration of Human Rights
	1978	Menachem Begin & Anwar Sadat awarded Nobel Peace Prize
	1990	Hindu-Muslim rioting in Hyderabad-Aligargh, 140 die
11	308	Licinius becomes Roman co-Emperor (308-324), executed 325
	1282	Battle of Orewyn Bridge: King Edward I defeats Pr. Llewellyn of Gwynedd
	1572	Spanish besiege Haarlem, Netherlands (falls July 12, 1573)
	1710	Villa Viciosa: Franco-Spanish forces defeat pro-Habsburg forces
	1792	France's King Louis XVI is put on trial for treason
	1816	Citizens of Geneva defeat Savoyard invaders
	1861	Skirmish at Bertrand, Mo
	1898	Marchand's French column abandons Fashoda, Sudan (held since July)
	1899	Magersfontein, Second Battle of �Black Week�: the Boers defeat a British attempt to capture Kimberly, inflicting heavy casualties
	1903	British invade Tibet
	1917	German-occupied Lithuania proclaims independence from Russia
	1937	Italy withdraws from League of Nations
	1941	Germany and Italy declare war on the United States
	1941	Marines beat off Japanese landing on Wake, inflicting heavy losses
	1941	The America First Committee disbands
	1941	US submarines commence war patrols against Japanese shipping
	1942	Burma: 14th Indian Div advances slowly in the Arakan
	1942	Japanese reinforce Guadalcanal, losing one destroyer to PT-boat attacks
	1942	U.S. aircraft bomb Munda
	1943	British & US air forces in SE Asia form Far Eastern Air Command
	1944	U.S. forces capture Ormoc, Japanese main supply dump on Leyte
	1945	William F. Halsey promoted to Fleet Admiral
	1946	UNICEF formed
	1954	USS Forrestal christened in Newport News, Va
	1960	Black Sunday: Anti-French Riot in Algiers, 114 die
	1961	JFK provides US military helicopters & crews to South Vietnam
	1972	Apollo 17 astronauts Gene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt lift off on the last manned trip to the Moon
	1974	Puerto Rican nationalists detonate a bomb in New York, one injured.
	1988	Fireworks cache explodes in Mexico City, 62 die
12	627	Battle of Nineveh: Hercalius� East Romans defeat the Sassanid Persians
	1098	Crusaders capture & plunder Mara, Syria
	1474	Isabella crowns herself queen of Castille
	1479	Emperor Frederick III expels the Jews from Alsace
	1862	Battle of Dumfries, Va
	1862	Confederate "torpedo" sinks USS Cairo in the Yazoo River
	1915	Russian troops capture Hamadan, Persia
	1917	French troop train derails in the Alps, killing 543
	1925	Reza Pahlavi becomes shah of Persia in a coup
	1937	Japanese "accidentally" bomb the USS Panay (PR-5) and several American marchant ships on the Yangtze
	1937	Japanese artillery and aircraft attack British gunboats and shipping on the Yangtze
	1940	British troops capture Sidi el-Barrani
	1941	British decide to abandon northern Malaya
	1941	Germans begin house-by-house search for Jews in Paris
	1941	Japanese abandon their first attempt to capture Wake
	1941	Japanese complete the occupation of southern Thailand
	1941	Japanese invade Burma
	1941	Japanese troops land at Legaspi, southeastern Luzon
	1941	Luzon: Japanese advance from Vigan & Aparri
	1942	Guadalcanal: 2nd Marine Div begins taking over from the 1st, as Japanese infiltrators destroy a P-39 and fuel truck
	1942	PT-45 sinks Japanese DD Teruzuki off Kolombangara
	1944	Leyte: US forces consolidate their positions
	1944	US creates the rank of Fleet Admiral
	1945	Dutch court sentences Nazi leader Mussert to death
	1953	Chuck Yeager reaches Mach 2.43 in a Bell X-1A
	1958	Charles de Gaulle becomes President of France
	1985	DC-8 crashes near Gander, 248 US soldiers & 8 crew members die
13	0	Feast of St Lucy, Patron of Authors
	405	BC Battle of Aegopotami: Spartans crush the Athenian fleet, ending the Peloponnesian War.
	1294	Abdication of Pope Celestine V (5 Jul-13 Dec 1294), d. May, 1296, canonized
	1545	Opening session of the Council of Trent (1545-1563)
	1577	Sir Francis Drake sets sail from England to go around world
	1636	First muster of the militia at Salem, Massachusetts � Birthday of the National Guard
	1774	John Sullivan's militiamen take Ft William & Mary, NH, from the British
	1861	Combat at Buffalo Mountain/Camp Allegheny/Allegheny Summit, WVa
	1862	Battle of Fredericksburg, VA
	1864	Battle of Ft McAllister, GA
	1916	Avalanches kill 10,000 Austrian & Italian troops in 24 hrs in the Tyrol
	1916	French chief of staff Joffre replaced by Nivelle
	1918	US occupation troops cross the Rhine to enter Germany
	1931	Winston Churchill is struck by a car on Fifth Avenue between 76th and 77th Streets
	1939	Battle of the Rio de La Plata: three British cruisers defeat the German Graf Spee
	1941	British and Canadian troops abandon the mainland portions of Hong Kong
	1942	British advance cautiously in Arakan region of Burma
	1942	Japanese survivors at Buna (c. 100 men) escape across the Giruwa River
	1942	U.S. aircraft bomb Munda
	1943	Burma: the Chinese New 38th Div reaches Bhamo
	1944	Nashville (CL-43) struck by a kamikaze off the Philippines, 138 die
	1966	First US bombing of Hanoi
	1967	Unsuccessful coup against Greek King Constantine II
	1981	Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski seizes power in Poland
	2001	Terrorists attack the Indian Parliament, kill 7 and injure 18 before being slain
	2003	US troops find Iraqi Dictator Saddam Hussein in a hole in the ground
14	872	Election of Pope John VIII (872-82)
	1763	Pennsylvania vigilantes massacre Conestoga Indians near Lancaster
	1807	Capt Charles Johnston of HMS Cornwallis discovers Johnston Is
	1814	Battle of Lake Borgne, La: British overwhelm U.S. gunboats
	1825	Nicholas I becomes Tsar, Decemberist uprising breaks out and fails
	1863	Battle of Bean's Station, Tn: Confederates repulse Union troops
	1913	Greece formally takes possession of Crete
	1924	Chiang Kai Shek occupies Hankow
	1937	Japanese troops begin "Rape of Nanking"
	1939	Soviet Union "defends" itself by attacking Finland
	1941	B-17s in the Philippines are ordered to Australia
	1941	Japanese begin repairing north Luzon airfields for their own use
	1941	Japanese forces in Malaya occupy Gurun & Kroh
	1942	Australian reinforcements land at Oro Bay, near Buna
	1942	Japanese destroyers land 800 troops at the Mambare River, near Buna
	1943	Chinese New 38th Div involved in heavy fighting around Bhamo
	1943	Soviets winter offensive against the Germans
	1943	Sub Grayback sinks Japanese DD Numakaze c. 50 miles east of Okinawa
	1944	Third Fleet begins airstrikes on Japanese positions on Luzon
	1945	Ticker tape parade on Broadway for Fleet Admiral William F. Halsey
15	687	Consecration of Pope Sergius I (687-701)
	1124	Cardinal Lamberto Scannabecchi is elected Pope as Urban II (1124-1130)
	1347	Cola di Rienzo flees the collapse of his Roman Republic (May 20-Dec 14, 1347)
	1791	The "Bill of Rights" goes into effect
	1840	Napoleon is entombed in Les Invalides with elaborate ceremonies
	1871	International "Alabama" Commission meets on US Civil War claims against Britain
	1899	Colesno, Third Battle of �Black Week�: the Boers defeat a British attempt to relieve Ladysmith, inflicting heavy casualties and capturing several batteries.
	1907	Two Italian-Americans lynched in Jackson Parish, La.
	1914	Battle of Lodz ends, Russians retreat
	1919	Poet Gabriele d'Annunzio and 2,000 volunteers capture Fiume from an Allied occupation force
	1941	Congress votes $10.1 billion ($400 billion today) for the war effort
	1941	USS Swordfish (SS-193) becomes 1st US sub to sink a Japanese ship
	1942	U.S. aircraft bomb Munda
	1943	Burma: the Chinese New 38th Div is driven back in the Bhamo area
	1943	U.S. 112th Cavalry Rgt (dsmtd) lands at Arawe, New Britain
	1944	Kamikaze sink two LSTs off Mindoro
	1944	US troops land on Mindoro, Philippines
	1944	William D. Leahy is promoted to Fleet Admiral
	1989	The Panamanian National Assembly declares war on the US
	2003	Bhutanese Army begins offensive against Indian rebel invaders (win by Jan 3)
16	882	Election of Pope Marinus I (882-884)
	955	Election of Pope John XII (955-964)
	1431	Infant King Henry VI of England crowned king of France
	1460	Battle of Worksop: The Lancastrians defeat Richard of York
	1476	Gian Galeazzo Sforza succeeds to the Duchy of Milan (1476-1479)
	1653	Oliver Cromwell makes himself Lord Protector of England, Scotland, & Ireland
	1689	Parliament adopts the [English] "Bill of Rights"
	1809	Napoleon divorces Josephine
	1821	American Colonization Society buys what will become Liberia
	1835	The �Great Fire� of New York begins; in two days $20 million is lost as over 600 buildings burn, including the stock exchange, several banks, and many insurance companies
	1838	Battle of Blood River: Boer settlers defeat a Zulu impi
	1866	New Ironsides, most powerful US warship afloat, burns at League Island
	1897	John P. Holland demonstrates the first sub with an internal combustion engine
	1907	Great White Fleet leaves Hampton Roads on its world cruise
	1941	Borneo: Japanese troops land at Miri, Sarawak
	1941	Japanese Carriers Hiryu and Soryu ordered to attack Wake
	1941	Malaya: Japanese forces land at Penang
	1942	Irving Berlin's "White Christmas" is released
	1942	Papua: Eichelberger takes over 32nd Div, after 2 commanders are WIA
	1943	Japanese sub I-29 departs Penang for blockaded run to France
	1944	Chinese forces in northern Burma capture Bhamo
	1944	George C. Marshall is promoted to General of the Army
	1944	German offensive inititates the Battle of Bulge (to Jan 19)
	1944	German V-2 strikes Antwerp theatre, 638 killed
17	0	Roman Feast of the Saturnalia begins
	384	Accession of Pope Siricius (384-99), later canonized
	920	Romanos I becames Byzantine Co-Emperor with the underage Constantine VII, desposed by his sons in 944.
	1538	Pope Paul III excommunicates England's King Henry VIII
	1777	France recognizes independence of the United States
	1846	Commo Matthew C. Perry's squadron captures Laguna de Terminos, Mexico
	1852	Hawaiian Army organizes a cavalry detachment
	1861	Combat at Rowlett's Station/Mumfordsville, WVa
	1862	Gen US Grant issues G.O. #11, expelling Jews from Tennessee
	1903	The Wright Brothers do their thing
	1914	Battle of Limanova (Poland): Austro-Hungarians beat the Russians
	1923	Greek King George II overthrown by army
	1925	Court-martial rules against Col William "Billy" Mitchell
	1927	US sub S-4 sinks after collision, all 34 aboard die
	1939	German pocket battleship Graf Spee is scuttled off Montevideo
	1940	British troops capture Sollum
	1941	Adm Husband Kimmel, CINCUS and CINCPAC, relieved
	1941	Japanese troops land in British North Borneo
	1942	Americal Div attacks towards Mt. Austen on Guadalcanal
	1942	Elms U.S. 25th Div land on Guadalcanal
	1942	U.S. aircraft bomb Munda
	1942	USCGC Natsek lost in heavy seas, Belle Isle Str, 24 die
	1943	New Britain: Allies battle mop up Japanese on the Arawe Peninsula
	1944	Ernest G. King is promoted to Fleet Admiral
	1944	US ends wartime detention of Japanese-Americans
	1957	US successfully test-fires Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile
	1961	Indo-Portuguese War begins: Portugal loses its colonies by 18th
	1969	USAF closes Project Blue Book, on UFOs
	1971	Ceasefire between India & Pakistan in Kashmir
	1973	Arab terrorists seize an airliner at Rome airport, 31 die
	1981	Italian "Red Brigades" kidnap Brig Gen James L Dozier
	1988	USS Tennessee, 1st sub to carry Trident 2 missiles, commissioned
18	324	Licinius, a prisoner of Constantine, abdicates as Roman Emperor
	546	King Totila of the Ostrogoths recaptures Rome from the Byzantines
	1352	Etienne Aubert elected Pope as Innocent VI (1352-1362)
	1774	Empress Maria Theresa expels the Jews from Bohemia & Moravia
	1813	British take Ft Niagara in War of 1812
	1861	Combat at Milford/Shawnee Mound, WVa
	1941	British and Dutch troops occupy Portuguese Timor
	1941	Japanese 38th Div lands on Hong Kong Island
	1941	Japanese aircraft begin operating from strips in northern Luzon
	1941	Japanese destroyer Shinonome mined and sunk off Borneo
	1941	Malaya: British reorganize forces for further withdrawal
	1942	Japanese CL Tenryu sunk by U.S. sub Albacore near the Bismarcks
	1942	Papua: U.S. and Australian troops begin a major assault on Sanananda
	1943	Japanese air raids on Kunming, to halt Chinese advancing into Burma
	1943	Stilwell given command of all Chinese forces in India and Burma
	1944	Douglas MacArthur is promoted to General of the Army
	1944	Hankow: c. 300 US aircraft raid Japanese positions
	1944	Pacific Typhoon: DDs Hull, Spence, & Monaghan sink, c. 800 die
	1972	US begins "Christmas bombing" of North Vietnam
19	1154	King Henry II of England crowned
	1187	Paolo Scolari elected Pope as Clement III (1187-1191)
	1499	Triumphal entry of Cesare Borgia into Forli, marred by a torrential downpour, and the presence of Caterina Sfroza, still holding out in the citadel
	1777	Washington's army takes up winter quarters at Valley Forge
	1941	Congress authorizes the draft of men up to 44
	1941	Italian divers sink British BBs Queen Elizabeth & Valiant at Alexandria
	1941	Japanese air attack on Del Monte Field, Mindanao
	1941	Japanese occupy Penang Island, Malaya, as British continue withdrawal
	1942	Burma: British advance in the Arakan
	1942	Guadalcanal: Malaria rate reaches 972 cases per 1000 US troops
	1942	Papua: Allied assault on Sanananda make moves forward
	1943	Military coup in Bolivia
	1944	British Commonwealth forces in Burma make steady gains
	1944	Chester W. Nimitz is promoted to Fleet Admiral
	1944	Lt Jerry Ford decorated for battling fires aboard USS Monterey
	1946	Indochina War breaks out, as Viet Minh attack French in Hanoi
	1950	Gen Eisenhower named NATO commander
	1960	Fire aboard USS Constellation, building at Brooklyn Navy Yard, 50 die
	1972	Apollo 17, last moon mission, returns to Earth
	1988	Unexploded WW II bomb found in Frankfurt, Germany; 5,000 evacuated
20	0	The Day of Soviet Secret Police
	69	Flavian legions enter Rome, ending the "Year of the Four Emperors"
	1046	Abdication of Pope Gregory VI (1045-1046), d. 1048
	1334	Jacques Fournier is elected Pope as Benedict XII (1334-1342)
	1497	Annulment of the marriage of Giovanni Sforza and Lucrezia Borgia, 17
	1822	Congress authorizes a squadron to suppress piracy in the Caribbean
	1861	Combat at Drainsville, Va
	1862	Battle of Holly Spring, Ms
	1862	Battle of Kelly's Ford, Va
	1862	Grant begins his first effort to take Vicksburg
	1915	Russian troops capture Qom, Persia
	1917	Soviet secret police - the Cheka, NKVD, KGB, etc. - formed
	1924	Adolf Hitler freed from jail, having served only part of his sentence for the �Beer Hall Putsch�
	1933	Bolivia & Paraguay sign ceasefire in Chaco War
	1941	American Volunteer Group ("Flying Tigers") goes into action over Kunming
	1941	Ernest J. King is named Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Fleet
	1942	8,000 ton Japanese transport lost to a mine off Tokyo
	1942	First Japanese bombing of Calcutta
	1942	Papua: Allied forces make gains in the Sanananda area
	1943	Japanese destroyer Fuyo sunk about 60 miles west of Manila by sub Puffer
	1944	Battle of Bastogne: 101st Airborne division is surrounded
	1944	Dwight D. Eisenhower is promoted to General of the Army
	1944	Japanese on Leyte told no more reinforcements or supplies will be sent
	1983	PLO chairman Yasser Arafat & 4,000 loyalists evacuate Lebanon
	1989	Operation Just Cause begins: US troops invade Panama
21	1798	Neapolitan Royal Family flees to Sicily as the French invade
	1832	Ibrahim Pasha's outnumbered Egyptians defeat that Turks at Konya, Anatolia
	1861	Combat at Hudson, Mo
	1861	Congress authorizes a �Medal of Honor� for Navy & Marine enlisted personnel
	1866	Battle of Lodge Tail Ridge: Crazy Horse wipes out Capt. William Fetterman�s 82-man column
	1925	Eisenstein's film "Battleship Potemkin" premiers in Moscow
	1941	Japanese land on Mindanao, rapidly occupy Davao
	1941	Japanese renew their attempt to capture Wake Island
	1941	Siam allies itself with Japan
	1942	Australians make major gains in the Sanananda area, in Papua
	1942	Guadalcanal: Americal Div attack on Mt. Austen falters
	1942	U.S. aircraft bomb Munda
	1943	3rd Marine Div begins pulling out of the Bougainville beachhead
	1943	Burma: Stilwell assumes personal direction of operations at Ledo
	1944	British troops in Burma capture Kawlin
	1944	Dwight D. Eisenhower is promoted to General of the Army
	1944	Henry H. Arnold is promoted to General of the Army
	1971	UN Security Council elects former Nazi Kurt Waldheim as Secretary General
	1982	Puerto Rican nationalists detonate three bombs in New York, causing considerable damage and several injuries
22	1379	Venetians trap the Genoese fleet in the Lagoon of Venice
	1502	Cesare Borgia arrests his agent Ramiro de Lorqua in Cesena
	1509	Battle of Polesella: Ferrara defeats the Venetians
	1798	French Revolutionary armies invade Naples
	1810	British frigate Minotaur sinks, 480 die
	1841	Steam Paddle Frigate Mississippi commissioned
	1861	Combat at Newport News/New Market Bridge, Va
	1862	John Hunt Morgan initiates a raid from Bardstown to Elizabethtown, KY, by 2 Jan
	1864	Sherman gives Savannah to Lincoln as a Christmas gift
	1894	Court martial of Alfred Dreyfus for treason, triggers "The Dreyfus Affair"
	1919	US deports 250 alien radicals, including anarchist Emma Goldman
	1939	Finnish counter offensive at Petsamo
	1941	B-17s based in Australia attack Japanese shipping off Mindanao
	1941	German Evangelical Church bars "baptized non-aryans" from services
	1941	Japanese begin major landing at Lingayen Gulf, Luzon
	1941	Washington: Winston Churchill arrives to confer with FDR
	1942	Australian and American troops are halted on the Sanananda Front
	1943	Japanese bombers again hit Kunming in China
	1944	Brig. Gen. Anthony McAuliffe says "Nuts!"
	1944	Vietnamese Liberation Army is formed by Vo Nguyen Giap
	1956	Last British and French troops leave Egypt
	1970	SS Commander Franz Stangl of Treblinka sentenced to life in prison
23	619	Consecration of Pope Boniface IV (619-625)
	1482	Peace of Atrecht
	1776	Continental Congress negotiates a war loan of $181,500 from France
	1776	Thomas Paine writes "These are the times that try men's souls . . . ."
	1779	Benedict Arnold court-martialed for improper conduct
	1861	Modavia & Wallachia unite to form Romania
	1862	Benjamin Butler proclaimed a "felon, outlaw" by Jefferson Davis
	1909	Albert I assumes the throne of Belgium
	1925	Sultan Ibn Saud of Nejed captures Jiddah
	1939	Finnish counter offensive at Summa
	1941	Heroic defense of Wake Island ends
	1941	USN cancels effort to relieve Wake Is
	1941	British troops capture Benghazi, Libya
	1941	Gen. Douglas MacArthur decides to withdraw to Bataan
	1941	Japanese begin offensive against Rangoon, Burma
	1942	Allied air attack on Den Helder, Netherlands
	1942	Guadalcanal: Americal Div's attack on Mt. Austen is temporarily halted
	1942	U.S. 41st Infantry Div ships out from Australia for New Guinea
	1943	US Army a/c from China sink a Japanese gunboat off Formosa
	1943	US Army aircraft begin operating from Munda, New Georgia
	1968	Borman, Lovell, & Anders become first men to orbit Moon
	1968	North Korea releases 82 crewmen of the USS Pueblo
	1990	Slovenians vote to secede from Yugoslavia
	1999	Mutinous troops riot in Abidjan, Ivory Coast
24	1294	Benedetto Gaetani is elected Pope as Boniface VIII (1294-1303)
	1307	Battle of Barra Hill: Robert Bruce beats the Earl of Buchan
	1436	Aragonese invest Angevin-held Gaeta (Falls Feb 2, 1437)
	1782	The French Army sails for home from Boston, after 2.5 years in America
	1800	Royalist �Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise� to kill Napleon with an �infernal machine� outside the opera fails, 1 k, c. 50 w
	1814	Treaty of Ghent signed to end the War of 1812
	1861	Skirmish at Wadesville, Mo
	1864	Battle of Gordonsville, VA
	1865	Confederate veterans form Ku Klux Klan in Pulaski, Tn
	1914	The first German air raid on Britain: An airplane drops a bomb on Dover, which falls in a rectory garden.
	1937	Netherlands recognizes Italian king as emperor of Abyssinia
	1941	Arcadia Conference, Washington, FDR and Churchill plan Allied strategy
	1941	Dutch Sub K-XVI sinks Japanese DD Sagiri
	1941	Italian blockade runner Orseolo departs Kobe for Bordeaux
	1941	Japanese troops land on Jolo, in the southern Philippines
	1941	Luzon: Japanese troops land at Lamon Bay
	1941	Manila is heavily bombed by Japanese aircraft
	1941	Sarawak: Japanese troops land at Kuching
	1942	First powered flight of V-1 cruise missile, Peenemende, Germany
	1943	FDR appoints Eisenhower supreme commander of Allied forces in Europe
	1943	Stilwell undertakes to relieve encircled Chinese New 38th Div in Burma
	1944	SS Leopoldville torpedoed off France, c. 800 American soldiers from the 66th Inf Div die
	1944	U.S. cruisers and destroyers bombard Iwo Jima
	1963	Greeks & Turks riot in Cyprus
	1966	USAF C-144 crashes near Binh Thai, Vietnam, 129 die
	1985	Fidel Castro gives up smoking
	1989	Operation Just Cause: Panama's Manual Noriega flees to Vatican embassy
	1991	Mikhail Gorbachev resigns as head of Soviet Union
25	47	BC Caesar sails from Lilybauem, Sicily, for Africa
	89	BC Triumph of Pomepeius Strabo for the capture of Asculum
	800	Leo III crowns Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor in Rome
	875	Charles "the Bald" crowned Holy Roman Emperor
	969	Johannes I Tzimisces, crowned Byzantine Emperor
	1003	Consecration of Pope John XVIII [XIX] (1003-1009)
	1046	Accession of Pope Clement II (1046-1047)
	1066	William the Conqueror crowned king of England
	1100	Baldwin I of Boulogne crowned king of Jerusalem
	1130	Roger II de Hauteville is crowned King of Sicily and Italy
	1194	Henry VI von Hohenstaufen crowned King of Sicily in Palermo
	1745	Treaty of Dresden: Second Silesian War between Frederick the Great and Maria Teresa ends
	1776	Washington crosses the Delaware to begin the Trenton Campaign
	1837	Battle of Okeechobee: US troops defeat Seminole Indians
	1862	Hilton Head, SC: 40,000 watch Union troops play baseball
	1926	Hirohito becomes Emperor of Japan (1926-1989)
	1941	British attempt to stabilize their lines in Malaya north of Jahore
	1941	British-Canadian garrison of Hong Kong surrenders to Japanese
	1941	Dutch sub K-XVI is sunk by Japanese sub I-66
	1941	Fil-Am South Luzon Force begins withdrawing northwards
	1941	Hong Kong surrenders to the Japanese 38th Div
	1941	Luzon: Japanese dislocate Fil-Am defense line
	1941	Manila is heavily bombed by Japanese aircraft
	1942	Guadalcanal: Americal Div bogged down before the Gifu
	1942	U.S. a/c continue bombing Munda, to hamper Japanese air field construciton
	1943	German SS Bogota resupplies Japanese sub I-29 in the Indian Ocean
	1943	Sub Skate torpedoes BB Yamato about 180 miles north of Truk
	1943	U.S. CV a/c raid Kavieng, New Ireland, sink or damage several ships
	1944	Burma: British advance in the Akyab peninsula, the Japanese withdraw
	1959	Cologne, Germany: A synagogue is desecrated with swastikas
26	795	Election of Pope Leo III (795-816), later canonized
	1559	Giovanni Angelo Medici elected Pope as Pius IV (1559-1565)
	1773	Patriots expel tea ships from Philadelphia
	1776	Washington defeats Hessians at Trenton
	1798	Neapolitans begin three day skirmish with the French Polish Legion, near Itri
	1860	Maj Robert Anderson concentrates his forces at Ft Sumter
	1862	1st US navy hospital ship, Red Rover commissioned, with four Catholic nuns serving as nurses
	1862	Two day Battle of Dumfries, VA, beings
	1916	Joseph Joffre created a Marshal of France
	1917	American railroads nationalized for the duration of WW I
	1918	SecNav Josephus Daniels reviews the U.S. Fleet at New York
	1933	US forswears armed intervention in Western Hemisphere
	1941	MacArthur declares Manila an open city
	1941	Malaya: Japanese columns advancing on west coast join near Taiping
	1941	Winston Churchill becomes the first British PM to address Congress
	1942	Americal Div makes limited gains against the Gifu, on Guadalcanal
	1942	Japanese 20th Div begins moving from Korea to New Guinea
	1943	1st Marine Div lands at Cape Gloucester, New Britain
	1943	Battle of North Cape: Royal Navy sinks German BB Scharnhorst
	1943	DD Brownson sunk by Japanese Army a/c off Cape Gloucester, New Ireland
	1944	Battle of the Bulge: US 4th Armored Div relieves Bastogne
	1944	Japanese ships attack U.S. beachhead on Mindoro, the Philippines
	1944	The Red Army surrounds Budapest
	1985	Palestinian terrorists slay 15 at the Rome & Vienna airports, before being killed
	1991	Militant Sikhs kill 55 & wound 70 in India
	1991	The Supreme Soviet formally dissolves the USSR as of the 31st
27	1488	Attempt by the Malvezzi to murder Giovanni II Bentivoglio, Lord of Bologna and his family, leading to great slaughter among the conspirators.
	1498	Pisans sack Montopoli
	1503	Battle of the Garigliano begins: Gonzalvo de Cordoba crushes the French by Jan 3
	1528	Pro-French barons executed in Naples by the Spanish Viceroy
	1741	Prussian forces capture Olmutz, Bohemia
	1763	Pennsylvania vigilantes massacre Conestoga Indians near Lancaster
	1777	"Battle of the Kegs": American mines block the Delaware
	1862	Battle of Elizabethtown, Ky
	1935	US Army B-10s bomb a lava flow in Hawaii in an attempt to stop it
	1941	British Commandoes raid Vaagso, Norway
	1941	Japanese bomb Manila, though it has been declared an "open city"
	1941	Under Japanese pressure, Fil-Am troops occupy a new defensive line
	1942	Allied forces area held before Sanananda, Papua
	1942	Heavy fighting around the Gifu, on Guadalcanal
	1942	Lead elms U.S. 41st Inf Div land at Port Moresby, Papua-New Guinea
	1943	Burma: Chinese New 38th Div heavily engaged in the Hukawng Valley
	1943	Cape Gloucester: 1st Marine Div makes a three mile advance in monsoon
	1944	B-29s from Saipan make their fifth major raid on Tokyo
	1979	Soviets invade Afghanistan, beginning nine year war
28	47	BC Caesar lands at Hadrumentum, in Africa
	418	Election of Pope Boniface I (418-422), later canonized
	1861	Combat at Mt Zion, Mo
	1861	Combat at Sacramento, Ky
	1864	Battle of Egypt Station, Ms
	1908	The Great Messina Earthquake, c. 80,000 die
	1941	Japanese capture Ipoh, Malaya
	1941	Luzon: Fil-Am troops fall back to the Tarbac-Cabanatuan line
	1941	USN authorizes raising of special construction battalions, the "Seabees"
	1942	Despite U.S. bombing, Japanese begin using new airstrip on Munda
	1942	German armed forces begin retreating from the Caucasus
	1942	Papua: Japanese forces at Buna begin withdrawing to Giruwa
	1943	Bougainville: Americal Div completes relief of the 3rd Marine Div
	1943	New Britain: Japanese attack at Arawe is repulsed
	1950	Korea: Chinese troops cross 38th Parallel
	1962	UN troops occupy Elizabethstad, Katanga
	1985	Warring Lebanese Moslem & Christian leaders sign peace agreement
29	1542	Bloody coup by 12-year old Tsar Ivan IV (�The Terrible�) ousts a regency
	1812	USS Constitution takes HMS Java off Bahia in a four-hour fight
	1837	Canadian militiamen destroy steamer Caroline, docked at Buffalo
	1862	Battle of Chichasaw Bayou: Confederates repulse Sherman
	1890	Wounded Knee, last "battle" or "massacre" of the Indian Wars
	1926	The Vatican puts the works of the French fascist Charles Maurras on the Index
	1934	Japan renounces Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 & London Naval Treaty of 1930
	1940	Germany begins dropping incendiary bombs on London
	1941	First Japanese air raid on Corregidor
	1941	Luzon: Japanese eject U.S.-Phil troops from Tarlac-Cabanatuan line
	1942	Aleutians: DMS Wasmuth sinks in a gale when two depth charges detonate
	1942	Papua: Japanese forces near Buna Mission are cut off by U.S. troops
	1943	Burma: Chinese New 38th Div weakens Japanese on the Tarung River line
	1943	Cape Gloucester: 1st Marine Div captures Japanese airfield
	1951	Capt. Kurt Carlsen of the Flying Enterprise remains with his battered & listing vessel as his passengers & crew are rescued in heavy seas off Britain [See Jan 10]
	1975	La Guardia Airport, NY: 11 killed, 75 hurt by terrorist bomb
30	1460	Battle of Wakefield: The Duke of Somerset defeats Richard of York
	1501	Lucrezia Borgia weds Alfonso d'Este, and they live happily ever after
	1935	Italian bombers destroy Swedish Red Cross unit in Ethiopia
	1941	Japanese troops occupy Kuantan, on the east coast of Malaya
	1941	Luzon: Philippine 91st Div collapses, unhinging the Bambam-Gapan line
	1943	Bougainville: Fijian troops reconnoiter behind Japanese lines
	1943	RN sends large squadron from Britain for the British Far Eastern Fleet
	1944	USAAF aircraft attack Japanese shipping in the Manila Bay area
	1959	USS George Washington commissioned, first ballistic missile sub
	1972	Pres Nixon halts bombing of North Vietnam & announces peace talks
31	535	Belisarius takes Syracuse, completing the liberation of Sicily from the Vandals
	870	Battle of Englefield: Earl Aethelwulf defeats the Danes
	1492	The Spanish Crown orders the Jews expelled from Sicily
	1494	Charles VIII of France occupies Rome without a fight
	1775	Richard Montgomery & Benedict Arnold lead an unsuccessful nocturnal American attempt to storm Quebec in a blizzard
	1862	USS Monitor founders in heavy seas off Cape Hatteras, at about 0010 am
	1862	West Virginia is admitted to the Union
	1941	Luzon: Fil-AM forces deny their right, maintain a defensive line
	1941	Malaya: British forces maintain a relatively stable line
	1942	Japanese PM Tojo decides to abandon Guadalcanal
	1942	US CV Essex is commissioned, first of a very large class
	1943	Burma: Chinese New 38th Div retreats behind the Tarung River
	1944	Burma: Japanese evacuate Akyab
	1944	Japanese a/c sink a PT-boat tender and damage a destroyer off Mindoro
	1946	French troops leave Lebanon
	1946	Pres Truman officially proclaims end of WW II
	1961	Marshall Plan ends
	1981	Lt Jerry Rawlings effects coup in Ghana, suspends constitution
	1983	Nigeria's National Assembly dissolves after a military coup
	1990	Iraq begins a military draft of 17 year olds
	1991	The USSR passes into the �Dustbin of History.�

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