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August Military History
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Born
| 1 | 10 | BC Claudius, Roman Emperor (AD 41-54) | | | 126 | Publius Helvius Pertinax, Roman Emperor (AD 193), k. 193 | | | 1520 | King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland | | | 1770 | William Clark, of the "Corps of Exploration" | | | 1779 | Francis Scott Key, of "The Star Spangled Banner" | | | 1814 | Maxcy Gregg, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d/w 1862 | | | 1815 | Richard Henry Dana, sailor, AsstSecNav, author ("Two Years Before the Mast") | | | 1819 | Herman Melville, sailor, author ("White Jacket"), d. 1891 | | | 1843 | Robert Todd Lincoln, Capt, U.S.V., Sec War, d. 1926 | | | 1890 | King George II of Greece | | 2 | 1696 | Sultan Mahmud I of Turkey (1730-54) | | | 1826 | William Denison Whipple, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1902 | | | 1868 | King Constantine I of Greece | | | 1932 | Peter O'Toole, actor ("Lawrence of Arabia") | | 3 | 1770 | King Frederick Wilhelm III of Prussia (1797-1840) | | | 1816 | John Eugene Smith, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897 | | | 1820 | William Miller, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1909 | | | 1823 | Thomas Francis Meagher, Brig Gen, U.S., Irish Patriot, d. 1867 | | | 1824 | William Burnham Woods, Bvt Maj Gen, U.S., | | | 1867 | Stanley Baldwin, British PM, appeaser | | | 1872 | King Haakon VII of Norway (1905-57), d 1915 | | | 1900 | Ernie Pyle, noted war correspondent, kia Okinawa, 1945 | | | 1924 | Leon Uris, marine, novelist ("Battle Cry") | | 4 | 1521 | Giambattista Castagna - Pope Urban VII (15-27 Sep 1590) | | | 1816 | Israel Vogdes, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1889 | | | 1818 | Lovell Harrison Rosseau, Maj Gen, U.S. | | | 1859 | Knut Hamsun, Norwegian novelist, Nazi collaborator | | | 1873 | Damasco Berenguer y Fuste, Spanish general and historian | | | 1912 | Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish diplomat, honorary American | | 5 | 1749 | Thomas Lynch, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1779 | | | 1818 | Carnot Posey, Brig Gen, C.S.A., died of wounds, 1863 | | | 1829 | Milo Smith Hascall, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1904 | | | 1850 | Guy de Maupassant, Volunteer of 1870, author ("Ball of Fat"), d. 1893 | | | 1930 | Neil Armstrong, who later took a "small step" | | | 1957 | Andrei Yevgeniyevich Zaitsev, cosmonaut | | | 1957 | Pavel Vinogradov, Russia, cosmonaut | | 6 | 966 | King Berengarius II of Italy | | | 1697 | Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor (1742-45) | | | 1775 | Duke Louis-Antoine of Angouleme, French general | | | 1809 | Alfred Lord Tennyson, poet ("The Charge of the Light Brigade") | | | 1811 | Judah Philip Benjamin, Confederate statesman, d. in 1884 | | | 1819 | Samuel Powhatan Carter, Maj Gen & Rear Adm, U.S. | | | 1861 | Edith Carow Roosevelt, mother of soldiers | | | 1917 | Robert Mitchum, actor ("GI Joe") | | 7 | 317 | Flavius Julius Constantius II, Roman Emperor (337-361) | | | 1742 | Nathanael Greene, second only to Washington | | | 1829 | Thomas Ewing Jr, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1896 | | | 1833 | Powell Clayton, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1914 | | | 1836 | Evander McIvor Law, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1920 | | | 1876 | Mata Hari | | 8 | 1812 | John Rodgers II, naval officer, U.S., d. 1882 | | | 1819 | Charles Anderson Dana, Asst Secy War, d. 1897 | | | 1820 | Winfield Scott "Old Swet" Featherstone, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1835 | James William Forsyth, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1906 | | | 1839 | Nelson Appleton Miles, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1925 | | | 1879 | Emiliano Zapata, Mexican revolutionary | | | 1948 | Svetlana Y. Savitskaya, 2nd woman in space (Soyuz T-7) | | 9 | 1782 | Sir Charles James Napier, Conqueror of the Sind. D. 1853 | | | 1808 | William Thomas Ward, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1823 | Daniel Marsh Frost, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1900 | | | 1824 | Simon Goodell Griffin, Brig Gen, U.S., | | | 1888 | Hans Oster, German general, anti-Nazi conspirator | | | 1944 | Sam Elliot, actor ("Gettysburg") | | 10 | 1296 | Jean the Blind, King of Bohemia, Count of Luxembourg, kia, 1346 | | | 1397 | King Albert II von Hapsburg of Germany (1438-1439) | | | 1763 | Jean Victor Moreau, French revolutionary general, kia 1813 in Russian serivce | | | 1772 | Viscount Rowland Hill, Peninsular general | | | 1810 | Camilio Benso di Cavour, sometime soldier, the "Brain” of Italian Unification | | | 1814 | John Clifford Pemberton, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1881 | | | 1823 | Charles Thomas Campbell, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1874 | Herbert C. Hoover, President (1929-1933) | | 11 | 1832 | Thomas Ogden Osbord, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1882 | Rodolfo Graziani, Italian general, Viceroy of Ethiopia | | | 1892 | Wladyslaw Anders, Polish general | | | 1902 | Christian Castries, French general, who lost at Dien Bien Phu | | | 1921 | Alex Haley, Coastguardsman, author ("Roots") | | 12 | 1503 | King Christian III of Denmark & Norway (1534-59) | | | 1762 | King George IV of England (1820-30) | | | 1819 | Daniel Davidson Bidwell, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864 | | | 1829 | John Horace Forney, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1902 | | | 1833 | William Price Sanders, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1863 | | | 1904 | Aleksei, the Tsarevich, murdered, 1918 | | | 1909 | Maurice Heath, air marshal | | 13 | 615 | BC Servius Tullius, sixth King of Rome (578-534 BC) | | | 1489 | Francesco Ferrucci, condottiero, Captain of Florence, kia 1530 | | | 1907 | Alfred Alwin Felix Krupp, arms manufacturer | | | 1918 | Denis Smallwood, British air chief marshal | | | 1927 | Fidel Castro Ruz, lousy ballplayer, dictator of Cuba (1959-2006) | | 14 | 1740 | Barnaba Chiaramoni - Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) | | | 1774 | Meriwether Lewis, of the Lewis & Clark Expedition | | | 1814 | Henry Hayes Lockwood, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1899 | | | 1821 | Clement Hoffman "Rock" Stevens, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1824 | William Terry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1888 | | | 1876 | King Alexander I Obrenovic of Yugoslavia (1922-34), assassinated in 1934 | | 15 | 1688 | King Frederick William I of Prussia (1713-1740) | | | 1769 | Napoleone Bounaparte, Corsican adventurer, d. 1821 | | | 1771 | Sir Walter Scott, novelist ("Ivanhoe") | | | 1823 | Orris Sanford Ferry, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1878 | Piotr N. Wrangel, Russian "White Guard" Leader | | | 1888 | T.E. Lawrence, "of Arabia" | | | 1912 | Julia Child, OSS agent, chef | | 16 | 1622 | Tsjerk de Vries, Dutch admiral | | | 1828 | Joseph Bradford Carr, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1831 | Edward Payson Chapin, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1863 | | | 1892 | Harold Foster, cartoonist ("Prince Valiant") | | | 1913 | Menachem Begin, terrorist, Israeli PM (1977-83), Peace Nobelist, 1978 | | | 1923 | Shimon Peres, Israeli PM (1984-1986, 1995-1996) | | 17 | 1629 | King John I of Poland (1674-1696) | | | 1786 | David Crockett, frontiersman, k. 1836 | | | 1819 | James Henry Van Alen, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1886 | | | 1844 | Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia (1896-1913) | | | 1876 | Henri G. Winkelman, Dutch Supreme Commander, 1940 | | | 1887 | Charles I, last Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary (1916-18), d. 1922 | | | 1887 | Marcus Garvey, fascistic African nationalist | | | 1914 | Franklin D Roosevelt, Jr., naval officer [see Deaths] | | | 1929 | Francis Gary Powers, U-2 pilot | | 18 | 1587 | Virginia Dare | | | 1813 | Benjamin Alvord, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1884 | | | 1818 | William Farquhar Barry, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1879 | | | 1830 | Franz Josef, Emperor of Austria & King of Hungary (1848-1916) | | | 1917 | Casper Weinberger, sometime soldier, budget cutter who became SecDef (1981-87) | | 19 | 232 | M. Aurelius Probus, Roman Emperor (276-282) | | | 1815 | John Porter McCown, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1879 | | | 1831 | Stephen Gano Burbridge, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1871 | Orville Wright, aviation pioneer | | | 1878 | Manuel Quezon, First President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines | | | 1883 | Gabrille "Coco" Chanel, stylish Nazi collaborator | | | 1921 | Gene Roddenberry, B-17 Pilot, creator of "Star Trek", d 1991 | | 20 | 1778 | Bernardo O'Higgins, Chilean patriot | | | 1802 | Cadwalader Ringgold, naval officer, U.S. | | | 1811 | Gilman Marston, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1890 | | | 1824 | Absalom Baird, Brig Gen, U.S, d. 1905 | | | 1832 | Thaddeus Sobieski Constantine Lowe, Civil War balloonist, d. 1913 | | | 1833 | Benjamin Harrison, sometime colonel, 70th Indiana | | | 1941 | Slobodan Milocevic, Serbian nationalist, war criminal | | 21 | 1165 | King Philip II Augustus of France (1179-1223), the first Capetian | | | 1579 | Duke Henri II de Rohan, French Huguenot leader | | | 1643 | Afonso VI, insane king of Portugal (1656-67) | | | 1670 | James FitzJames, the Duke of Berwick, bastard son of James II and Arabella Churchill, later Marshal of France, kia 1734 | | | 1765 | William IV of Great Brtian (1830-1837), the first "Sailor King" | | | 1810 | Thomas Jefferson McKean, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1821 | William Barksdale, Brig Gen, C.S.A.,d. in 1863 | | | 1824 | John Sanford Mason, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897 | | | 1880 | Johan H Westerveld, leader of the Nazi OD | | 22 | 1760 | Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Giralamo Nicola della Genga - Pope Leo XII (1823-1829) | | | 1822 | George Stoneman, Maj Gen, US, cavalryman, d. 1894 | | | 1827 | Joseph Anthony Mower, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1870 | | | 1834 | Nathaniel Harrison Harris, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1836 | Archibald M Willard, artist ("The Spirit of '76") | | | 1854 | King Milan Obrenovich of Serbia (1882-1889), military reformer, d 1901 | | | 1898 | Stephen Vincent Benet, poet ("John Brown's Body") | | | 1902 | Bertha Helene Amalie “Leni” Riefenstahl, Nazi film maker("Triumph of the Will"), d. in 2003at 101 | | | 1904 | Deng Xiaoping, Chinese communist dictator (1976-1983) | | | 1919 | Earl Cathcart, British general | | | 1934 | Norman Schwarzkopf | | 23 | 1740 | Tsar Ivan VI of Russia (1740-41) | | | 1754 | King Louis XVI of France (1774-92), dated Mdm. Guillotine in 1792 | | | 1785 | Oliver Hazard Perry, who "met the enemy" on Lake Erie [see Deaths] | | | 1818 | Rufus Ingalls, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1893 | | | 1832 | Alexander Chambers, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1888 | | | 1864 | Eleftherios K. Venizalos, Greek statesman | | | 1923 | John Eisenhower, soldier, historian ("The Bitter Woods") | | | 1935 | Brendan Jackson, British air marshal | | 24 | 1113 | Count Geoffrey V of Anjou, the first "Plantagenet", d. 1151 | | | 1750 | Letitia Ramolino Buonaparte, mother of Napoleone, d. 1847 | | | 1759 | William Wilberforce, England, anti-slavery crusader | | | 1808 | Benjamin G. Humphreys, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1808 | Thomas F. Drayton, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1891 | | | 1827 | Walter H. Stevens, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1867 | | | 1828 | George "Maryland" Steuart, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1865 | Ferdinand I "Tsar" of Bulgaria (1908-1918) | | | 1886 | William F. Gibbs, naval architect (liners America & United States, and most of the WW2 fleet) | | 25 | 1109 | Afonso "the Conqueror" - first King of Portugal (1139-1185) | | | 1530 | Tsar Ivan IV "the Terrible" (1533-84) | | | 1786 | King Ludwig I of Bavaria, friend to Lola Montez | | | 1811 | Joseph D. Webster, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1812 | Percival Drayton, naval officer, U.S., d. 1865 | | | 1819 | Allan Pinkerton, detective, inept spymaster | | | 1823 | John Newton, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1895 | | | 1825 | Henry W. Birge, Brig Maj Gen, U.S. | | | 1845 | "Mad" King Ludwig II of Bavaria (1864-86) | | | 1938 | Frederick Forsyth, putchist, novelist ("The Dogs of War"), d. 2001 | | 26 | 1596 | King Frederick V of Bohemia | | | 1676 | Robert Walpole, British statesman | | | 1740 | Joseph Montgolfier, France, co-inventor of ballooning | | | 1802 | Mariano Arista, general and President of Mexico (1851-1853), d. 1855 | | | 1811 | Danville Leadbetter, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1866 | | | 1819 | Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg Gotha, Consort to Queen Victoria | | | 1833 | Charles Jackson Paine, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1835 | Theodore Washington Brevard, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1838 | John Wilkes Booth, assassin, heartthrob | | | 1901 | Maxwell D Taylor, sometime commander, 101st A/B Div | | 27 | 551 | BC Confucius | | | 1545 | Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma, Piacenza, etc. (1586-92), condottiero, Governor of the Netherlands, d. 1592 | | | 1666 | Tsar Ivan V of Russia (1682-89) | | | 1824 | Hiram Gregory Berry, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1863 | | | 1826 | Frank Stillman Nickerson, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1832 | James Alexander Walker, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901 | | | 1839 | Emory Upton, Maj Gen, U.S.V., military theorist, d. 1881 | | | 1869 | Karl Haushofer, German soldier, geopolitician | | | 1889 | C.S. Forester, novelist ("Horatio Hornblower") | | | 1908 | Lyndon B Johnson, naval officer, President (1963-1969) | | | 1910 | Mother Teresa | | | 1912 | Peter Gretton, British vice admiral | | | 1916 | Martha Raye, who also served | | | 1930 | John Watts, sometime British Chief of Omani Armed Forces | | | 1932 | Lady Antonia Fraser, biographer ("Wellington") | | 28 | 1592 | George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham, murdered 1628 | | | 1798 | Gershom Jaques Van Brunt, naval officer, U.S. d. 1863 | | | 1828 | Count Leo Tolstoy, soldier, novelist ("War and Peace") | | | 1828 | William Alexander Hammond, Brig Gen, d. 1900 | | 29 | 1387 | King Henry V of England (1413-22), Victor of Agincourt | | | 1619 | Jean-Baptiste Colbert, French minister of Marine | | | 1809 | Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., poet ("Old Ironsides") | | 30 | 1334 | King Pedro "the Cruel" of Castille & Leon (1350-1369), k. 1369 | | | 1748 | Jacques-Louis David, artist ("The Oath of the Horatii"), d. 1825 | | | 1772 | Henri Count de La Roche-Jacquelin, French counter-revolutionary | | | 1797 | Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, author ("Frankenstein") | | | 1901 | John Gunther, journalist, the "Inside" man | | | 1918 | Ted Williams, Marine, outstanding baseball player | | 31 | 12 | Caligula, maniacal Roman emperor (37-41) | | | 161 | Commodus, maniacal Roman emperor (180-191) | | | 1396 | Duke Philip III of Burgundy (1419-1467), friend to the English | | | 1569 | Shah Jahan, Great Mogul of India (1628-1658), d. 1666 | | | 1811 | Goode Bryan, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1885 | | | 1822 | Fitz John Porter, Maj Gen, U.S., aeronaut, d. 1901 | | | 1828 | George Leonard Andrews, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1879 | Emperor Yoshihito of Japan (1912-1926) | | | 1880 | Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands (1898-1948), d. 1962 | | | 1945 | Leonid I Popov, Russia, cosmonaut |
Died
| 1 | 30 | BC Marc Antony, suicide | | | 432 | Pope Celestine I | | | 527 | Eastern Roman Emperor Justin I (518-527) | | | 1137 | Louis VI, King of France (1108-1137) | | | 1190 | Count Floris III of Holland | | | 1358 | Stephen Marcel, French rebel, slain at Paris | | | 1464 | Cosimo de' Medici, "Pater Patriae," at Florence | | | 1503 | Cardinal Giovanni Borgia, possibly poisoned by his kinsman Cesare Borgia, for his fortune | | | 1520 | Emperor Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin of the Aztec (1502-1520), of injuries sustained in a riot | | | 1714 | Queen Anne of England (1701-1714) | | | 1720 | Admiral Sir John Leake | | | 1946 | Andrei Vlasov, Russian general, traitor, executed at 45 | | | 1973 | Walter Ulbricht, East German communist dictator | | | 1977 | Francis Gary Powers, U-2 pilot, at 47 in a helicopter accident | | 2 | 9 | Quintilius Varus, kia, the Teutobergerwald | | | 216 | BC One consul, two former consuls, 80 senators, 2 quaestors, 29 military tribunes, and c. 40,000 other Romans, kia, Cannae | | | 338 | BC King Archidamus III of Sparta, in Italy | | | 640 | Pope Severinus (28 May-2 Aug 640) | | | 686 | Pope John V (685-686) | | | 1100 | King William II "Rufus" - a "stray" arrow in the New Forest | | | 1589 | King Henri III of France (1573-1589) | | | 1799 | Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier, pioneer balloonist | | | 1849 | Mehemet Ali of Egypt, slave trader par excellence, | | | 1876 | Wild Bill Hickok, shot by Jack McCall while holding black aces & eights & a jack of diamonds | | | 1903 | "Calamity Jane" - Martha Jane Cannary | | | 1921 | Enrico Caruso | | | 1934 | Paul Von Hindenburg, at 86, leaving Germany in Hitler's hands | | | 1936 | Louis Bleriot, pioneer aviator | | | 1955 | Crown Prince Ruprecht of Bavaria, German general, WW I | | | 1956 | Albert Woolson, drummer boy, USV, last Civil War veteran, at 109 | | 3 | 772 | Pope Stephen III [IV] (768-772) - or the 1st | | | 1181 | Pope Alexander III - Orlando Bandinelli (1159-81) | | | 1387 | King Olaf V Hakonsson of Denmark (1376-1387) & Norway (1380-1387) | | | 1495 | Troilo Malvizzi, Patrician of Bologna, Doctor of Canon Law, Prior of Santa Maria Madallena, murdered | | | 1530 | Francesco Ferrucci, Captain of Florence, in hand-to-hand fighting against the Medici at Gavinana | | | 1530 | Philibert of Chalon, Prince of Orange, Viceroy of Naples, kia, Gavinana, fighting for the Medici | | | 1578 | King Mulai Mohammed of Fez, his enemy Abd el-Malek, Pretender to throne of Fez, and the latter’s ally King Sebastian of Portugal, all kia | | | 1587 | Lamberto dei Malatesti, Count of Montecrodruzzo, decapitated at Rome | | | 1916 | Sir Roger Casement, Irish nationalist, executed | | 4 | 946 | Pope Martin III | | | 1060 | King Henry I of France (1060), at 27 | | | 1265 | Count Simon de Montfort, founder of Parliament, his sons Henry & Peter, and his kinsmen Guy Balliol, Humphrey Bohun, & William Arundel, all kia, Eversham | | | 1306 | King Wenceslaus V of Bohemia, stabbed at Olmutz | | | 1430 | Philip of Saint-Pol, duke of Brabant | | | 1477 | Jacques d'Armagnac, Due de Nemours, beheaded by Louis XI | | | 1526 | Juan Sebastian de el Cano, first man to circumnavigate the globe | | | 1666 | Johan Evertsen, Admiral of Zeeland, lynched in Brielle | | | 1804 | Viscount Adam Duncan, admiral, victory of Camperdown | | | 1922 | Enver Pasha, "Young Turk," kia, Turkestan, at 41 | | | 1999 | Victor Mature, Coastguardsman, actor ("Demetrius and the Gladiators"), at 84 | | 5 | 465 | BC King Xerxes I of Persia, murdered | | | 642 | King Oswald of Northumbria (634-642), kia at c. 38 | | | 882 | King Louis III of France (879-882), at c. 19 | | | 1063 | King Gruffydd ap Llywelyn of Wales, killed by his own troops after losing the Battle of Snowdonia | | | 1157 | Count Dirk VI of Holland | | | 1600 | John, Earl of Gowrie, slain at Perth in an attempt to kill James I | | | 1792 | Frederick, Lord North, British statesman who lost America | | | 1799 | Richard, Admiral Lord Howe, | | | 1895 | Friedrich Engles, capitalist exploiter of the masses, Communist hero, at 74 | | | 1984 | Richard Burton, aviation cadet, actor ("Where Eagles Dare", etc.), at 58 | | 6 | 258 | Pope St. Sixtus II (31 Aug 257-6 Aug 258), martyred | | | 523 | Pope St. Hormisdas (514-523) | | | 1162 | Count Ramon Berenguer IV "the Saint" of Barcelona (1131-1154) | | | 1195 | Duke Henry "the Lion" of Saxony and Bavaria | | | 1272 | King Stephan V of Hungary(1270-1272), Prince of Transylvania | | | 1458 | Pope Callistus III - Alfonso de Borja (1455-1458), at 79 | | | 1666 | Heinrich de Vries, Dutch naval officer, KIA, at 43 | | | 1746 | King Christian VI of Denmark & Norway, | | | 1820 | Elisa, sister to Napoleon, at 43 | | | 1867 | Emperor Faustin Soulouque of Haiti | | | 1890 | William Kemmler, having the honor of being first man executed in the electric chair | | | 1944 | Count Alfonso Casati, kia at 26 earning the Medaglia d'Oro while serving with the San Marco | | | 1973 | Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar, erstwhile Cuban dictator (1952-1959) | | | 1978 | Giovanni Montini - Pope Paul VI (1963-1978) | | | 1987 | Ira C Eaker, USAAF WW II "Bomber Baron," at 91 | | | 2000 | Alec Guinness, sailor, actor ("Bridge on the River Kwai"), at 86 | | 7 | 44 | King Herod Agrippa of Judea, Caesarea | | | 117 | Trajan, Roman Emperor (98-117), at 65 | | | 461 | Roman Emperor Majorian (457-461), assassinated | | | 480 | BC King Leonidas of Sparta, the “300,” and the other Greek heroes, slain at Thermopylae [Alt] | | | 1106 | Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV “the Great” (1184-1105) | | | 1304 | Pope Bl Benedict XI - Nicholas Boccasini (22 Oct 1303-7 Jul 1304) | | | 1941 | Bruno Mussolini, son of the Duce, test flying the Piaggio 108 four-engined bomber | | 8 | 869 | King Lothar II of Middle France (855-869) | | | 1048 | Pope Damasus II (17 July-8 Aug 1048) | | | 1306 | King Wenceslas III of Bohemia & Poland (1305-1306), murdered. | | | 1648 | Sultan Ibrahim "the Mad" of Turkey, murdered, | | | 1788 | Duke Louis de Richelieu, French marshal | | | 1942 | Six Nazi saboteurs, executed in Washington | | | 1944 | Erwin von Witzleben, German marshal, anti-Nazi conspirator, hanged | | 9 | 48 | BC Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus and thousands of others, kia at Pharsalus | | | 353 | Magnentius, Roman Emperor aspirant, executed at Lyon | | | 803 | Irene, Byzantine empress, wife of Leo IV | | | 1487 | Roberto Sanseverino, Count of Cajazzo & Marquis of Castelnuovo, 69, ambushed at Calliano | | | 1672 | Dutch statesmen John and Cornelius de Witt, lynched at the Hague | | | 1854 | King Frederik Augustus II of Saxony (1836-1854), at 57 | | | 1928 | Grand Duke Frederik II of Baden (1907-1918), at 71 | | | 1944 | Antoine de Saint-Euxpery, aviator & author ("Le petite prince"), missing over the Mediterranean | | | 1961 | Walter Bedell Smith, Eisenhower's chief of staff | | 10 | 955 | Duke Konrad of Lorraine, kia | | | 991 | Brithnoth, Anglo-Saxon war leader, kia at Maldon. | | | 1250 | King Erik IV of Denmark, murdered | | | 1535 | Cardinal Ippolito de'Medici, soldier, of poison, at Itri | | | 1584 | Francis, Duke of Alencon and Anjou, who might have married Gloriana, at 30 | | | 1759 | King Ferdinand VI the Wise of Spain (1746-1759), at 46 | | | 1822 | General Sir Samuel Auchmuty, victor of Monte Video | | | 1945 | Robert Goddard, inventor of the liquid-fueled rocket, 62 | | 11 | 1241 | Kakhan Ogadai of the Mongols | | | 1259 | Kakhan Mongka of the Mongols | | | 1456 | John Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary | | | 1480 | The Martyrs of Otranto: Mohammed the Conqueror slaughters hundreds who refuse conversion to Islam, after sawing the bishop in half | | | 1689 | Pope Bl. Innocent XI - Benedetto Odescalchi (1676-1689), at 78 | | | 1975 | Anthony C. McAuliffe, who once said "Nuts!", at 77 | | 12 | 30 | BC Cleopatra VII, asped | | | 1350 | King Philip VI of France | | | 1484 | Pope Sixtus IV - Francesco della Rovere (1471-1484) | | | 1656 | Metacom "King Phillip" of the Wampanoag, kia by Colonial militiamen | | | 1811 | Sir John Francis Edward Acton, 6th Baronet Acton, Tuscan admiral, Neapolitan Minister of War & Marine (1778-1804), at 75 | | | 1914 | John Philip Holland, submarine designer | | | 1935 | Maj Gen Tetsuzan Nagata, murdered in his headquarters by Lt Col Saburo Aizawa in a doctrinal dispute | | | 1964 | Ian Fleming, British officer and novelist ("James Bond"), at 56 | | | 1982 | Henry Fonda, sometime naval officer, at 77 | | | 1990 | USAF SSGT John Campisi, struck by a truck - the first American to die in the Gulf War | | 13 | 582 | East Roman Emperor Tiberius II, at Constantinople | | | 662 | Maximus Confessor, Greek theologian and crusader | | | 875 | Holy Emperor Louis II, at Milan | | | 900 | King Zwentibold of Lorraine (895-900), at c. 29 | | | 1447 | Duke Filipo Maria Visconti of Milan (1412-1447), the last of the line | | | 1484 | Pope Sixtus IV | | | 1860 | Prince Danillo II of Montenegro, of a gunshot wound | | | 1910 | Florence Nightingale, “The Lady with the lamp" | | | 1946 | H. G. Wells, pacifist, wargamer, at 79 | | | 2004 | Julia Child, master chef, OSS operative, at 91. | | 14 | 1433 | King John I of Portugal (1383-1433), at 76 | | | 1464 | Pope Pius II - Enea Silvio de' Piccolomini (1458-1464) | | | 1482 | Count Palatine Marc’Antonio Malvizzi, condottiero, kia in Neapolitan service | | | 1936 | Rainey Bethea, in the last public execution in the U.S. | | | 1941 | Josef Jakobs, German spy, the last man executed in the Tower | | 15 | 423 | Flavius Honorius, Roman Emperor (395-423) | | | 465 | Roman Emperor Libius Severus (461-465) | | | 778 | Roland, kia at Roncevalles | | | 1038 | St. Stefan I Arpad, First King of Hungary (997-1038), at Buda | | | 1057 | King Macbeth of Scotland, slain by Macduff, Thane of Fife | | | 1118 | Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus | | | 1380 | Vettor Pisani, Venetian admiral | | | 1388 | James, Earl of Douglas, kia, Otterbourne | | | 1528 | Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, Marshal of France, of plague on campaign in Italy | | | 1636 | Marquis Ranuccio Pallavicino, Captain of Imperial Cuirassiers, kia Rottofreddo | | | 1935 | Will Rogers and Wiley Post, airplane accident | | | 1975 | Sheik Mujibur Rahiman, of Bangladesh, in a military coup | | | 1992 | Giorgio Perlasca, Italian anti-fascist who saved 5,200 Jews | | | 2003 | Jannie Brandes-Brilleslijper, Dutch Resistance fighter, friend to Anne Frank. | | 16 | 1153 | Bernard de Tremelai, 4th Master of the Templars, kia, Ascalon | | | 1675 | Bogdan Chmilnicki, Cossack hetman, who had murdered 300,000 Jews | | | 1870 | Charles Ardant du Picq, soldier, author ("Battle Studies"), kia at Gravelotte | | | 1921 | King Peter I Karadjordjevic of Serbia/Yugoslavia [8/26 NS] | | | 1945 | Takihiro Onishi, founder of the Kamikaze, on a mission | | | 1949 | Margaret Mitchell, novelist ("GWTW"), a day after being hit by a taxi | | | 1959 | Fleet Admiral William F. Halsey | | | 2002 | Abu Nidal (Sabri al-Banna), Palestinian terrorist, suicide (b. 1937) | | | 2003 | Idi Amin, maniacal dictator of Uganda, in bed, unfortunately | | 17 | 310 | Pope St Eusebius (Apr 18-Aug 17, 310 - or possibly 309) | | | 1373 | Ambrogio Visconti, condottiero, Lord of Pavia, assassinated at 30 | | | 1553 | Duke Charles III of Savoy | | | 1657 | Robert Blake, English “general at sea” at c. 58 | | | 1786 | King Frederik II "The Great" of Prussia (1740-86) | | | 1850 | Jose de San Martin, sometime marine, "The Liberator" | | | 1877 | F.P. Cahill, Billy the Kid's first victim | | | 1915 | Leo Frank, Jewish businessman, lynched in Georgia | | | 1962 | Peter Fechter, 18, shot by East German border guards at the Berlin Wall | | | 1987 | Rudolph Hess, Nazi, suicide at 93, after 46 years in Allied custody | | | 1988 | FDR Jr, sometime naval officer, on his 74th birthday | | | 1988 | Pakistani President Mohammad Zia ul-Haq, plane crash | | | 1988 | US Ambassador to Pakistan Arnold Raphel, plane crash | | 18 | 472 | Ricimer, Romano-Barbarian general, emperor-maker, at c. 67 | | | 1222 | Genghis Khan, noted mass murderer, in bed | | | 1276 | Pope Hadrian V (Jul 11-Aug 18, 1276 | | | 1500 | Alfonso d'Aragona, husband to Lucrezia Borgia, wounded on Jul 15th, "not having died of his wounds, was found strangled in his bed," by order of Cesare Borgia | | | 1503 | Pope Alexander VI - Rodrigo Borja [Borgia] (1492-1503) | | | 1510 | Edmund Dudley & Sir Richard Empson, ministers to Henry VII, executed on Tower Hill | | | 1559 | Pope Paul IV - Giovanni Pietro Caraffa (1555-1559) | | | 1746 | Lord Balmerino and the Earl of Kilmarnock, beheaded as Jacobite traitors, London | | | 1870 | Prince Felix zu Salm-Salm, soldier-of-fortune, d/w, Gravellote-St. Privat | | | 1940 | Hector Bywater, journalist & novelist ("The Great Pacific War"), at 55 | | | 1989 | Luis Carlos Galan, Colombian presidential candidate, assassinated | | 19 | 14 | Augustus, Roman Emperor (27 BC-AD 14) | | | 1186 | Geoffrey Plantagenet, brother of King Richard Lionheart, killed at Paris | | | 1493 | Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III of Innsbruck (1440-1493), at 77 | | | 1601 | Voivode Michael "the Brave" of Transylvania | | | 1693 | Patrick Sarsfield, Commander, the French “Brigade Irlandais,” kia, the Battle of Landen, saying "Would it were for Ireland." | | | 1936 | Federico Garcia Lorca, Spanish poet, murdered | | | 1944 | Guther von Kluge, German field marshal, suicide over surrender | | | 1974 | Rodger P. Davies, US Amb to Cyprus, shot in the Embassy during an anti-American demonstration. | | 20 | 651 | St. Oswin, King of Deria (642-651), Martyr | | | 984 | Pope John XIV (983-984), as a prisoner of Anti-Pope Boniface VII | | | 1190 | Bernard of Clairveaux, who inspired the Second Crusade | | | 1191 | Richard I's Crusaders massacre c. 2,500 Moslem men, women, & childern at Acre | | | 1672 | Johan de Witt, Dutch government official, lynched | | | 1723 | Pope Pius VII - Barnaba Chiaramoni (1800-1823) | | | 1804 | SGT Charles Floyd, of “bilious cholic” - the only fatality on the Lewis & Clark Expedition | | | 1985 | Harchand Singh Longowai, Sikh leader, shot by Sikh extremists | | | 2006 | Joe Rosenthal, who took a famous photograph, at 91 | | 21 | 1131 | King Baldwin II of Jerusalem | | | 1157 | King Alfonso VII of Castille (1126-1157), at c. 52 | | | 1190 | Duke Godfried III of Brabant | | | 1425 | Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus (1391-1425), at c. 75 | | | 1482 | Roberto "il Magnifico" Malatesta, Lord of Rimini (1468-1482), condottiero, murderer, kia, Campomorto | | | 1553 | John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, beheaded in the Tower | | | 1940 | Leo Trotsky, at 62, a day after being axed in the head | | | 1982 | King Sobhuza II of Swaziland/Ngwane (1921-82) | | | 1983 | Benigno Simeon Aquino, Philippine presidential candidate, assassinated | | 22 | 634 | Abu Bakr, the first Caliph (632-634), at c. 60 | | | 1188 | King Ferdinand II of Castille & Leon | | | 1241 | Pope Gregory IX - Count Ugolino of Segni (1227-1241) | | | 1280 | Pope Nicholas III - Giocanni Gaetani Orsini (1277-1280) at c. 75 | | | 1286 | King Erik V of Denmark, murdered | | | 1350 | King Philips VI de Valois of France (1328-50) | | | 1485 | England's Richard III, unable to find a horse | | | 1711 | Louis Francois, duc de Boufflers, Marshal of France | | | 1793 | Louis Duke de Noailles, Marshal of France, at 80 | | | 1818 | Warren Hastings, sometime Governor General of India | | | 1922 | Michael "Big Mike" Collins, Irish revolutionary hero, assassinated at 31 | | | 1978 | Jomo Kenyatta, President of Kenya, at 83 | | | 2000 | Abdufaz Eichibey, first president of Azerbaijan, in a coup attempt | | 23 | 93 | Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman general, father-in-law of Tacitus | | | 408 | Stilicho, Roman general, beheaded by an inept emperor | | | 1305 | William Wallace, Scottish patriot, disemboweled | | | 1628 | George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, murdered at 35 | | | 1819 | Oliver Hazard Perry, naval hero, yellow fever on his 34th birthday | | | 1927 | Nicola Sacco & Bartolomeo Vanzetti, executed in Massachusetts | | | 1973 | Eddie Rickenbacker, American ace, at 82 | | | 1999 | King Hassan II of Morocco (1961-1999), at 80 | | 24 | 40 | Caius Julius Agricola, Roman general, conqueror of the Iceni, at c. 53 | | | 79 | Pliny the Elder, admiral, naturalist, rescuing the victims of Mt. Vesuvius | | | 1103 | King Magnus III of Norway (1093-1103) | | | 1313 | Henry VII, German king & emperor (1308-1313) | | | 1572 | Gaspard de Coligny, French admiral, beheaded | | | 1680 | Col. Thomas Blood, who had stolen the Crown Jewels in 1671 | | | 1954 | Getulio Vargas, fascistic dictator of Brazil (1930-45, 51-54), suicide | | | 1970 | Robert Fassnacht, by an "anti-war" bomb, U of Wisconsin | | 25 | 383 | Flavius Gratianus, Roman emperor (375-383) assassinated at Lyon | | | 882 | King Louis III of France (879-882) | | | 1270 | St Louis IX, King of France (1226-70), of disease on Crusade in Egypt | | | 1313 | Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII, at Siena | | | 1330 | Sir James "the Black" Douglas, Scottish patriot, in Spain at c. 45 | | | 1346 | Louis of Nevers, Count of Flanders, in battle | | | 1942 | The Duke of Kent, brother of King George VI, plane crash | | | 1945 | Willis "Ching" Lee, premier USN battleship admiral, heart attack | | | 1967 | George Lincoln Rockwell, fighter ace, Nazi, shot by follower | | 26 | 796 | King Offa of Mercia (757-796) | | | 1260 | Alberico da Romano, brother of Ezzelino "The Cruel," and his sons Alberico, Giovanni, Romano, Ugolino, drawn & quartered, as well as his wife Margherita and daughters Amabilia, Griselda, and Tornalisce, burned at the stake | | | 1278 | King Ottokar II of Bohemia (1253-78), in battle | | | 1346 | King Jean "the Blind" of Bohemia, kia at Crecy | | | 1346 | Louis of Nevers, Count of Flanders, kia at Crecy | | | 1486 | Ernst I of Saxony (1464-86), at 45 | | | 1813 | Karl Theodor Körner, Prussian war poet, kia at 22 | | | 1921 | Matthias Erzberger, German Minister of Finance, murdered by nationaists | | | 1974 | Charles Lindbergh, intrepid flyer, enviromentalisst, Nazi dupe, anti-Semite, at 72 | | | 1974 | Prince Junio Valerio Borghese, Fascist condottiero, b. 1906 | | 27 | 479 | BC Aristodemos, Spartan survivor of Thermopylae, kia, Plataea, with c. 750 other patriotic Greeks | | | 479 | BC Mardonios, Persian Satrap of Greece, kia, Plataea, with thousands of other Persians and numerous Medizing Greeks | | | 827 | Pope Eugene II (824-827) | | | 1590 | Pope Sixtus V - Felice Peretti (1585-1590) | | | 1919 | Louis Botha, South African soldier and statesman | | | 1975 | Haile Selassie, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia, at 83 | | | 1979 | Admiral of the Fleet Lord Louis Mountbatten, killed by the IRA | | 28 | 388 | Magnus Maximus, usurping Roman Emperor(383-88) & his son Victorius, executed by Theodosius | | | 876 | Louis the German, King of the East Franks (833-76) | | | 1354 | "Fra Moriale" - Giovanni di Montréal du Bar - Captain of the "Great Company", beheaded in Rome by Cola di Reinzo | | | 1481 | King Afonso V of Portugal | | | 1551 | Fabrizio Colonna, Roman Noble, condottiero, kia by the Farnese, Vigolana | | | 1943 | Boris III of Saxe-Coburg, King of Bulgaria (1918-43) | | | 1944 | Ernst Thaelmann, German communist, in Buchenwald | | | 1955 | Emmett Till, 14, lynched in Money, Mississippi | | | 1978 | Bruce Catton, Civil War historian, at 78 | | 29 | 29 | John the Baptist, beheaded [Trad] | | | 238 | Co-Emperors Pupienus & Balbinus (Apr 22-July 29, 238), murdered in the streets of Rome | | | 886 | Byzantine Emperor Basil I "the Macedonian" (867-886) | | | 1261 | Jacques Pantaléon is elected Pope as Urban IV (1261-1264) | | | 1315 | Charles, Prince of Taranto, and his uncle Peter, Count of Eboli, condottiero, kia, Montecatini | | | 1533 | Atahualpa, the last Inca, garotted by Pizarro | | | 1782 | Admiral Kempenfeldt and c. 900 men, women, & children, as HMS Royal George(108) capsizes at dockside in Portsmouth | | | 1799 | Pope Pius VI - Giovanni Anelico Braschi (1775-1799), a prisoner of the French | | | 1904 | Sultan Murad V of Turkey (1876) | | | 1960 | PM Hazza el-Majali of Jordan, assassinated with a bomb | | | 1972 | Lale Anderson, German chanteuse ("Lili Marlene") | | | 1975 | Eamon de Valera, Irish nationalist and president, at 92 | | | 1981 | Lowell Thomas, intrepid war correspondent, at 89 | | | 1983 | David Niven, soldier, actor ("Dawn Patrol"), at 74 | | | 1987 | Lee Marvin, Marine, actor ("The Big Red One"), at 63 | | 30 | 536 | Theodoric the Great, King of the Ostrogoths. | | | 1483 | King Louis XI of France (1461-83), at 60 | | | 1580 | Duke Emanuel Philibert of Savoy, Viceroy of the Spanish Netherlands | | | 1800 | Gabriel Prosser and 34 others, hanged at Richmond for “servile insurrection” [See Events] | | | 1879 | John Bell Hood, Gen, C.S.A., who lost Atlanta, yellow fever at 48 | | | 1918 | Col. Bertram T. Clayton, Brooklyn cavalryman, air attack in the trenches; the ranking West Pointer (1881) kia in World War I | | | 1935 | Henri Barbusse, WW I veteran, author ("Under Fire") | | | 1981 | Mohammad Ali Rajai, Pres of Iran, a bomb | | | 1981 | Mohammad Javad Bahonar, PM of Iran, a bomb | | 31 | 1057 | Earl Leofric III of Mercia, husband to Lady Godiva, b. 968 | | | 1158 | King Sancho III of Castille | | | 1186 | King Baldwin in V of Jerusalem (1183-1186), age 9. | | | 1422 | Henry V of England (1413-22), at 35 | | | 1888 | Mary Ann Nicholls, Jack the Ripper's first victim | | | 1967 | Ilia Ehrenburg, Soviet war poet | | | 2006 | Guy Gabaldon, the “Pied Piper of Saipan,” at 80 |
Event
| 1 | 0 | Air Force Day | | | 2 | BC Temple of Mars Ultor is dedicated in Rome | | | 527 | Justinian I becomes sole Roman Emperor (to 565) | | | 626 | Persians & Avars abandon siege of Constantinople (begun June 29) | | | 939 | Battle of Simancas: Asturians defeat the Andalucian Arabs | | | 1086 | Oath of Salisbury: Landowners of England swear fealty to William the Conqueror | | | 1096 | Peter the Hermit & the "Beggars' Crusader" reach Constantinople | | | 1209 | Crusaders besiege Albigenian-held Carcassone (falls, 15th) | | | 1291 | The Everlasting League: Uri, Schwyz, & Unterwalden unite to form Switzerland | | | 1354 | Triumphant restoration of Cola di Rienzo to power in Rome (ousted Oct 8th) | | | 1423 | Battle of Cravant: English longbowmen devastate attacking French | | | 1498 | Christopher Columbus lands in Central America | | | 1578 | Battle of Rimenant: Dutch defeat the Spanish | | | 1589 | Monk Jacques Clement attempts to kill French King Henri III | | | 1619 | First black slaves land at Jamestown, Virginia | | | 1664 | Battle of Szentgotthard: Austrian crush Turkish invaders | | | 1675 | Battle of Altenheim: The French defeat the Imperialists | | | 1759 | Battle of Minden: English infantry attacks & routs French cavalry | | | 1781 | Cornwallis' British army occupies Yorktown, Virginia | | | 1794 | Whiskey Rebellion begins | | | 1801 | U.S. schooner Enterprise captures Tripolitanian ship Tripoli | | | 1834 | Slavery abolished in the British Empire | | | 1848 | Battle of Crotta d'Adda: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese | | | 1863 | Battle of Little Rock, Ark | | | 1864 | Battle of Petersburg, Va | | | 1864 | Phil Sheridan takes command of the Army of the Shenandoah | | | 1898 | US and Spanish troops skirmish outside Manila | | | 1907 | U.S. Signal Corps forms an Aviation Section | | | 1914 | German Emperor Wilhelm II declares war on his nephew Tsar Nicholas II | | | 1917 | Pope Benedict XV urges "an end to useless slaughter" and is totally ignored | | | 1918 | British troops occupy Vladivostok | | | 1926 | Assassination attempt on Spanish dictator Primo de Rivera in Barcelona | | | 1926 | The Druze riot against the French in Damascus | | | 1936 | Hitler opens the Berlin Olympics, the 11th modern games | | | 1940 | Soviets occupy Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia | | | 1942 | Allied fleets begin diversionary moves to mask the Guadalcanal operation | | | 1942 | U.S. battlefleet departs San Francisco for Pearl Harbor | | | 1943 | Blackett Str: "Tokyo Express" to Kolombangara tangles with 15 PT-boats | | | 1943 | Japan declares Burma independent under U Ba Maw | | | 1943 | Kiska: U.S. surface ships shell suspected Japanese positions. | | | 1944 | Chinese hold Japanese before Hengyang. | | | 1944 | George S. Patton's Third Army begins 281 days of operations | | | 1944 | Marines crush Japanese resistance on Tinian. | | | 1944 | The Warsaw Uprising: the Polish Home Army begins a 62-day insurrection against the Nazis, as the Soviets stand idle nearby | | | 1945 | B-29s raid Toyama, Japan | | | 1945 | The Yangtze: U.S. air dropped mines sink or damage 47 Japanese ships. | | | 1946 | Office of Naval Research is established | | | 1950 | King Leopold of Belgium abdicates in favor of his son Baudouin | | | 1958 | USS Nautilus passes beneath the Arctic ice-pack [See Aug 3] | | | 1961 | East Germany limits traffic to West Berlin, Cold War intensifies | | | 1966 | Britain disbands the Colonial Office - the Empire is over | | | 1966 | UT Austin: former Marine Charles Whitman leaves 13 dead, 31 wounded | | | 1975 | Helsinki Pact guaranteeing boundaries and civil rights in Europe | | 2 | 47 | BC “Veni, Vidi, Vici”; Caesar defeats Pharnaces at Zela | | | 216 | BC Battle of Cannae: Hannibal crushes a Roman Army | | | 1057 | Federick of Lorraine elected Pope as Stephen X [IX] (1057-1058) | | | 1247 | HR Emperor Frederick II besieges Parma (lifted Feb 18, 1248) | | | 1492 | Jews are expelled from Spain by King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella | | | 1530 | Battle of Gavinara: Spanish-Medician forces defeat the Florentines | | | 1554 | Battle of Marciano: Spanish-Medician forces defeat the Franco-Sienese near Florence | | | 1740 | First public performance of Thompson's & Arne's "Rule, Britannia!" | | | 1770 | Battle of the Pruth: Russians defeat the Turks, who lose 20,000 | | | 1776 | Formal signing of the Declaration of Independence begins | | | 1776 | Royal Navy lands 32,000 British & Hessians on Staten I, off New York | | | 1802 | Napoleon Bonaparte declares hiimself "Consul for Life" | | | 1819 | First parachute jump in the US, from a balloon | | | 1831 | Dutch invade secessionist Belgium (withdraw Aug 12) | | | 1832 | Battle of the Bad Axe River: final action of the Black Hawk War, many Indians slain | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Dug Springs, Mo | | | 1865 | C.S.S. Shenandoah learns the Civil War is over - four months late | | | 1867 | Wagon Box Fight: c. 30 army woodcutters defeat c. 1000 Sioux | | | 1887 | Rowell Hodge receives a patent for barbed wire | | | 1903 | Macedonians began an unsuccessful uprising against the Turks | | | 1904 | British capture Lhasa, Tibet | | | 1911 | Dictator Antoine Simon flees Haiti in a US warship | | | 1914 | German troops invade Luxembourg | | | 1914 | Russian troops invade Eastern Prussia | | | 1917 | Sqn Cdr Edwin Harris Dunning, DSC, becomes the first man to land an airplane on a moving ship, a Sopwith Pup on HMS Furious at Scapa Flow | | | 1928 | Mussolini signs peace treaty with Abyssinia (Ethiopia) | | | 1931 | Albert Einstein urges scientists to refuse military work | | | 1934 | German Armed Forces swear a "Holy Oath" to the unholy Adolf Hitler | | | 1941 | Jews are expelled from Hungarian Ruthenia | | | 1943 | Blackett Str: JFK's PT-109 rammed & sunk by HIJMS Amagiri. | | | 1943 | New Georgia: 27th RCT arrives to reinforce U.S. troops. | | | 1943 | Riot at Treblinka Concentration Camp | | | 1944 | Burma: Chinese troops heavily engaged at Teng-chung. | | | 1944 | Turkey breaks diplomatic relations with Nazi Germany | | | 1945 | B-29s drop 6,600 tons of bombs on five Japanese cities. | | | 1950 | The 1st Marine Provisional Bde lands at Pusan | | | 1964 | Gulf of Tonkin: North Vietnamese PT boats attack USS Maddox | | | 1990 | Iraq invades & occupies Kuwait - onset of Desert Shield/Desert Storm | | 3 | 9 | Tiberius defeats the Pannonian Pirustae & Desidiates | | | 1108 | Louis VI crowned King of France | | | 1460 | Scots capture & raze Roseburgh. | | | 1492 | Columbus sails from Palos on the most momentous voyage in history | | | 1529 | Treaty of Cambrai ("The Lady's Peace"): Francis I accepts Spanish domination of Italy, temporarily | | | 1530 | The Medici return to Florence | | | 1578 | "Battle of the Three Kings" - Wadi Al-makhazin: Moroccans defeat Portuguese & rebels | | | 1601 | Battle of Guruslau: Michael the Brave's Imperial-Romanian forces defeat the Poles | | | 1644 | First Battle of Freiburg: French defeat the Bavarians | | | 1645 | Battle of Allersheim | | | 1692 | Battle of Steenkerken: The French defeat the English & Germans | | | 1758 | Naval Battle of Negapatam: English defeat the French off India | | | 1796 | Battle of Lonato: The French defeat the Austrians | | | 1797 | Bohemia: Emperor Francis I permits Jewish veterans to marry non-Jews | | | 1804 | USN squadron bombards Tripoli | | | 1812 | US Frigate Essex captures the British brig Brothers | | | 1848 | Battle of Milan: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese | | | 1849 | Roman Republic surrenders to the French | | | 1861 | First manned balloon ascent from a ship, USS Fanny, Hampton Roads | | | 1861 | Navy authorizes three ironclads: Monitor, Galena, & New Ironsides | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Massila, NM | | | 1914 | Germany declares war on France | | | 1914 | Germany invades Belgium, besieges Liege | | | 1914 | Germany invades Luxembourg | | | 1914 | Great Britain declares war on Germany | | | 1915 | Second Battle of the Isonzo ends (from July 18) | | | 1917 | N.Y. Guard established | | | 1919 | Romanians capture Budapest, to oust the “Hungarian Soviet Socialist Republic” | | | 1940 | Italian troops attack British Somaliland | | | 1940 | Lithuania is annexed by the USSR | | | 1942 | Japanese Army begins forming armored divisions in Manchuria. | | | 1942 | Mildred McAffee becomes the first woman officer in the Naval Reserve. | | | 1943 | New Georgia: Fijian and Solomons join US forces. | | | 1943 | Patton slaps Pvt Charles H. Kuhl,1st Infantry Division at the 15th Evac Hospital, near Nicosia, Sicily | | | 1944 | Auschwitz-Birkenau: 4,000 gypsies murdered | | | 1944 | Burma: Allied troops conquer Myitkyina, reopening the Burma Road | | | 1958 | "Nautilus 90 North" | | | 1990 | US announces commitment of naval forces to the Persian Gulf | | 4 | 0 | Coast Guard Day | | | 1135 | Pisans sack Amalfi | | | 1265 | Battle of Evesham: Prince Edward [I] defeats Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, to end the 2nd Baron's War | | | 1347 | English troops capture Calais | | | 1645 | Battle of Nordlingen: French defeat the Imperialists | | | 1693 | Dom Perignon invents champagne | | | 1735 | Journalist John Peter Zenger cleared of slander charges | | | 1753 | George Washington becomes a Master Mason | | | 1790 | Revenue Cutter Service formed, the origins of the USCG | | | 1846 | USS Congress captures Santa Barbara, Ca | | | 1870 | Battle of Weissenburg: Prussians defeat the French | | | 1900 | Battle of Elands River: 400 Australians defeat 2,500 Boers | | | 1903 | Giuseppe Sarto elected Pope as Pius X (1903-1914), later canonized | | | 1914 | Germany invades Belgium, Britain enters the war | | | 1914 | Siegfried Sassoon enlists in the Sussex Yeomanry | | | 1916 | US agrees to buy the Virgin Islands from Denmark for $25 million | | | 1917 | Pravda calls for killing of capitalists, priests, & officers | | | 1917 | US takes title to the Virgin Islands from Denmark | | | 1918 | Adolph Hitler earns an Iron Cross, First Class | | | 1927 | Peace Bridge between US & Canada opened | | | 1929 | 60,000 Nazi Storm Troopers march in Munich | | | 1936 | Ioannis Metaxas names himself dictator of Greece | | | 1942 | G. C. Kenney takes command of Allied AF SW Pacific, under MacArthur. | | | 1942 | U.S. destroyer Tucker is mined at Espiritu Santo. | | | 1943 | Kiska: USAAF bombers drop 152 tons of bombs | | | 1943 | Munda, New Georgia: U.S. troops close in on Japanese airfield. | | | 1944 | Anne Frank and her family are betrayed to the Nazis | | | 1944 | Burma: Chinese troops finally break into Teng-chung on the Salween. | | | 1944 | Guam: Army and Marine forces cut Japanese defenders into two groups. | | | 1944 | T. D. Dean, RAF, scores the first V-1, by "tipping" it's wing | | | 1964 | Gulf of Tonkin: US DDs report second attack by North Vietnamese PT boats | | 5 | 54 | BC Caesar defeats the Britons under Cassivellaunus in Hertsfordshire | | | 135 | Romans capture last Jewish stronghold of the Bar Kochba Revolt | | | 642 | Battle of Maserfeld: King Penda of Mercia defeats King Oswald of Northumbria | | | 1063 | Battle of Snowdonia: Harold Godwinson defeats King Gruffydd ap Llywelyn of Wales | | | 1192 | Battle of Jaffa: a greatly outnumbered Richard Lionheart defeats Saladin | | | 1264 | Anti-Jewish riots in Arnstadt, Germany | | | 1391 | Arsonists kill c. 200 Jews in Barcelona | | | 1435 | Battle of Ponza: Franco-Genovese fleet defeats the Aragonese off Gaeta | | | 1598 | Battle of Traigh Gruinart: Sir James MacDonald of Islay defeats Sir Lachlan MacLean of Duart | | | 1600 | Battle of Perth: King James VI of Scotland defeats the Earl of Gowrie | | | 1620 | The Mayflower & Speedwell sail from Plymouth. | | | 1644 | Second Battle of Freiburg: Bavarians defeat the French | | | 1716 | Battle of Peterwardein: Austria's Eugene of Savoy (40,000) routs 150,000 Turks | | | 1763 | Battle of Bushy Run: Henry Bosquet defeats Pontiac | | | 1772 | First Partition of Poland: Austria, Prussia & Russia annex vast areas | | | 1781 | Battle of Dogger Bank: Royal Navy defeats the Dutch | | | 1796 | 2nd Battle of Castiglione: Austrians defeat Bonaparte, but surrender anyway. | | | 1812 | Battle of Brownstone Creek: Tecumseh routs Col Thomas Van Horn's Americans | | | 1830 | Algiers surrenders to the French | | | 1832 | 1st Royal visit to a U.S. warship; USS Potomac hosts King Kamehameha III of Hawaii | | | 1857 | HMS Agamemnon & USS Niagara commence laying the first Atlantic cable, at Valentia, Ireland | | | 1858 | After many vicissitudes, HMS Agamemnon & USS Niagara complete first Atlantic cable | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Athens, Mo | | | 1861 | US Army abolishes flogging | | | 1861 | US levies first income tax; 3% on incomes over $800. | | | 1862 | Battle of Baton Rouge, LA | | | 1864 | Battle of Mobile Bay: Farragut "damns" the torpedoes | | | 1873 | Massacre Creek: Sioux slay 350 Pawnee men, women, & children | | | 1884 | Work begins at Ft. Wood, in New York harbor, for the erection of the Statue of Liberty | | | 1898 | US and Spanish troops skirmish outside Manila | | | 1898 | US landing party goes ashore at Cape San Juan, Puerto Rico | | | 1898 | US troops land at Guayamo, Puerto Rico | | | 1915 | German troops capture Warsaw | | | 1921 | Yangtze River Patrol Force established within the Asiatic Fleet. | | | 1936 | Berlin Olympics: Jesse Owens wins his third medal | | | 1940 | Nazis blow up the Zandvoortse Synagogue, Netherlands | | | 1942 | Blockade running Japanese submarine I-30 arrives at L'Orient, France. | | | 1942 | Japanese convoy leaves Rabaul with reinforcements for Buna. | | | 1942 | Japanese superbattleship Musashi is commissioned. | | | 1943 | Soviet forces liberate Orel & Belgorod | | | 1944 | TF 58 raids Iwo Jima and Chichi Jima. | | | 1945 | China: Chinese forces recapture Tanchuk and Hsinning | | | 1947 | India and Pakistan become independent, and promptly go to war | | | 1963 | Britain, US, & USSR sign a limited nuclear test ban treaty | | | 1964 | US begins bombing of North Vietnam | | 6 | 761 | Battle of Aedwiresclif: King Moll of Northumbria defeats King Oswine of Deira | | | 910 | Battle of Tettenhall: King Edward the Elder of Wessex defeats the Danes | | | 1187 | Saladin takes Beirut | | | 1284 | Naval Battle of Meloria: Genoese defeat the Pisans | | | 1534 | Turkish corsair Khairaidin Barbarossa sacks Fondi | | | 1623 | Battle of Stadtlohn: Tilly's Imperials defeat Christian of Brunswick | | | 1623 | Maffeo Barberini elected Pope as Urban VIII (1623-1644) | | | 1734 | Austrian-held Gaeta (invested July 15), surrenders to Carlo IV of Naples | | | 1780 | Battle of Hanging Rock: Tarleton’s dragoons annihilate an American column – Andrew Jackson (13) becomes a P/W | | | 1806 | Holy Roman Empire is dissolved | | | 1813 | Battle of Caracas: Columbian patriots under Bolivar defeat the Spanish | | | 1825 | Bolivia gains independence from Peru | | | 1848 | HMS Daedelus spots a sea serpent in the South Atlantic | | | 1862 | CSS Arkansas is blown up to prevent capture by US | | | 1864 | Rebels evacuate Ft Powell, Mobile Bay | | | 1870 | Battle of Spicheren: Prussians force French to retreat | | | 1870 | Battle of Worth: Prussians defeat outnumbered French in eight hour fight | | | 1914 | Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia | | | 1914 | Serbia declares war on Germany | | | 1914 | The first air raid of WWI: German Zeppelins bomb Antwerp. | | | 1916 | Sixth Battle of the Isonzo begins (to Aug 16) | | | 1918 | Ferdinand Foch promoted to Marshal of France | | | 1919 | Romanians capture Budapest, to destroy Bela Kun's Hungarian Communist Republic | | | 1927 | Bombs explode in two NYC subway stations, one dead, many injured. | | | 1930 | "Where is Judge Crater?" - Joseph F. Crater disappears forever. | | | 1937 | Spanish Nationalists shell Madrid for the first time | | | 1942 | MacArthur creates the New Guinea Force, under Aussie Gen Thomas Blamey. | | | 1943 | New Georgia: U.S. troops pursue Japanese forces into the interior. | | | 1943 | U.S. engineers begin to repair the Munda airstrip. | | | 1943 | Vella Gulf: "Tokyo Express" bound for Kolombangara loses 3 of 4 DDs. | | | 1944 | German counter attack at Avranches fails | | | 1944 | Japanese troops advance on Hengyang, against heavy Chinese resistance. | | | 1944 | Lodz, Poland: Nazis begin deportation of 70,000 Jews to Auschwitz | | | 1944 | US aircraft begin raiding the Philippines from bases in New Guinea. | | | 1945 | A-Bomb destroys Hiroshima, over 75,000 die. | | | 2001 | Pres. Bush briefed on threat of Al Qaeda air hijackings (See 9/11) | | 7 | 480 | BC Thermopylae [Alt] | | | 768 | Consecration of Pope Stephen III [IV] (768-772) | | | 1297 | Battle of Lochmabe: Henry Percy defeats the Scots | | | 1316 | Jacques d'Euse is elected Pope as John XXII (1316-1334) | | | 1479 | Battle of Guinegate: Emperor Maximilian I defeats King Louis XI of France | | | 1495 | Worms: the Diet abolishes private warfare in the Holy Roman Empire | | | 1498 | Pope Alexander VI grants his son Cesare Borgia dispensation from Holy Orders, provided he forfeit ecclessiastical benefices totalling 35,000 gold florins annually | | | 1594 | Battle of the Biscuits: Irish defeat English, who abandon their rations | | | 1750 | Slave uprising in Curacao | | | 1760 | Ft Loudon, Tennessee, surrenders to Cherokee Indians | | | 1777 | Americans win two day battle at Oriskany, New York | | | 1782 | George Washington creates the Badge of Military Merit - the Purple Heart | | | 1789 | US War Department established | | | 1819 | Battle of Boyaca: Bolivar defeats Spanish in Colombia | | | 1830 | Louis Philippe becomes "Citizen-King" of France (1830-1848) | | | 1861 | Skirmis |
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