| 1 | 10 | BC Claudius, Roman Emperor (AD 41-54) |
| | 126 | Publius Helvius Pertinax, Roman Emperor (Jan 1-Mar 28, AD 193), murdered 193 |
| | 1520 | King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland |
| | 1770 | William Clark, of the "Corps of Exploration" |
| | 1779 | Francis Scott Key, of "The Star Spangled Banner" |
| | 1814 | Maxcy Gregg, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d/w 1862 |
| | 1815 | Richard Henry Dana, sailor, AsstSecNav, author ("Two Years Before the Mast") |
| | 1819 | Herman Melville, sailor, war poet, author ("White Jacket"), d. 1891 |
| | 1843 | Robert Todd Lincoln, Capt, U.S.V., Sec War, d. 1926 |
| | 1890 | King George II of Greece |
| 2 | 1696 | Sultan Mahmud I of Turkey (1730-54) |
| | 1826 | William Denison Whipple, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1902 |
| | 1868 | King Constantine I of Greece |
| | 1932 | Peter O'Toole, actor ("Lawrence of Arabia") |
| 3 | 1770 | King Frederick Wilhelm III of Prussia (1797-1840) |
| | 1816 | John Eugene Smith, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897 |
| | 1820 | William Miller, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1909 |
| | 1823 | Thomas Francis Meagher, Brig Gen, U.S., Irish Patriot, d. 1867 |
| | 1824 | William Burnham Woods, Bvt Maj Gen, U.S., |
| | 1867 | Stanley Baldwin, British PM, appeaser |
| | 1872 | King Haakon VII of Norway (1905-57), d 1915 |
| | 1900 | Ernie Pyle, noted war correspondent, kia Okinawa, 1945 |
| | 1924 | Leon Uris, marine, novelist ("Battle Cry") |
| 4 | 1521 | Giambattista Castagna - Pope Urban VII (15-27 Sep 1590) |
| | 1816 | Israel Vogdes, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1889 |
| | 1818 | Lovell Harrison Rosseau, Maj Gen, U.S. |
| | 1859 | Knut Hamsun, Norwegian novelist, Nazi collaborator |
| | 1873 | Damasco Berenguer y Fuste, Spanish general and historian |
| | 1912 | Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish diplomat, honorary American |
| 5 | 1749 | Thomas Lynch, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1779 |
| | 1818 | Carnot Posey, Brig Gen, C.S.A., died of wounds, 1863 |
| | 1829 | Milo Smith Hascall, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1904 |
| | 1850 | Guy de Maupassant, Volunteer of 1870, author ("Ball of Fat"), d. 1893 |
| | 1930 | Neil Armstrong, who later took a "small step" |
| | 1957 | Andrei Yevgeniyevich Zaitsev, cosmonaut |
| | 1957 | Pavel Vinogradov, Russia, cosmonaut |
| 6 | 966 | King Berengarius II of Italy |
| | 1697 | Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor (1742-45) |
| | 1775 | Duke Louis-Antoine of Angouleme, French general |
| | 1809 | Alfred Lord Tennyson, poet ("The Charge of the Light Brigade") |
| | 1811 | Judah Philip Benjamin, Confederate statesman, d. in 1884 |
| | 1819 | Samuel Powhatan Carter, Maj Gen & Rear Adm, U.S. |
| | 1861 | Edith Carow Roosevelt, mother of soldiers |
| | 1917 | Robert Mitchum, actor ("GI Joe") |
| 7 | 317 | Flavius Julius Constantius II, Roman Emperor (337-361) |
| | 1742 | Nathanael Greene, second only to Washington |
| | 1829 | Thomas Ewing Jr, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1896 |
| | 1833 | Powell Clayton, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1914 |
| | 1836 | Evander McIvor Law, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1920 |
| | 1876 | Mata Hari |
| 8 | 1812 | John Rodgers II, naval officer, U.S., d. 1882 |
| | 1819 | Charles Anderson Dana, Asst Secy War, d. 1897 |
| | 1820 | Winfield Scott "Old Swet" Featherstone, Brig Gen, C.S.A. |
| | 1835 | James William Forsyth, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1906 |
| | 1839 | Nelson Appleton Miles, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1925 |
| | 1879 | Emiliano Zapata, Mexican revolutionary |
| | 1948 | Svetlana Y. Savitskaya, 2nd woman in space (Soyuz T-7) |
| 9 | 1782 | Sir Charles James Napier, Conqueror of the Sind. D. 1853 |
| | 1808 | William Thomas Ward, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1823 | Daniel Marsh Frost, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1900 |
| | 1824 | Simon Goodell Griffin, Brig Gen, U.S., |
| | 1888 | Hans Oster, German general, anti-Nazi conspirator |
| | 1944 | Sam Elliot, actor ("Gettysburg") |
| 10 | 1296 | Jean the Blind, King of Bohemia, Count of Luxembourg, kia, 1346 |
| | 1397 | King Albert II von Hapsburg of Germany (1438-1439) |
| | 1763 | Jean Victor Moreau, French revolutionary general, kia 1813 in Russian serivce |
| | 1772 | Viscount Rowland Hill, Peninsular general |
| | 1810 | Camilio Benso di Cavour, sometime soldier, the "Brain” of Italian Unification |
| | 1814 | John Clifford Pemberton, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1881 |
| | 1823 | Charles Thomas Campbell, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1874 | Herbert C. Hoover, President (1929-1933) |
| 11 | 1832 | Thomas Ogden Osbord, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1882 | Rodolfo Graziani, Italian general, Viceroy of Ethiopia |
| | 1892 | Wladyslaw Anders, Polish general |
| | 1902 | Christian Castries, French general, who lost at Dien Bien Phu |
| | 1921 | Alex Haley, Coastguardsman, author ("Roots") |
| 12 | 1503 | King Christian III of Denmark & Norway (1534-59) |
| | 1762 | King George IV of England (1820-30) |
| | 1819 | Daniel Davidson Bidwell, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864 |
| | 1829 | John Horace Forney, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1902 |
| | 1833 | William Price Sanders, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1863 |
| | 1904 | Tsarevich Aleksei, murdered, 1918 |
| | 1909 | Maurice Heath, air marshal |
| 13 | 615 | BC Servius Tullius, sixth King of Rome (578-534 BC) |
| | 1489 | Francesco Ferrucci, condottiero, Captain of Florence, kia 1530 |
| | 1907 | Alfred Alwin Felix Krupp, arms manufacturer |
| | 1918 | Denis Smallwood, British air chief marshal |
| | 1927 | Fidel Castro Ruz, lousy ballplayer, dictator of Cuba (1959-2006) |
| 14 | 1740 | Barnaba Chiaramoni - Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) |
| | 1774 | Meriwether Lewis, of the Lewis & Clark Expedition |
| | 1814 | Henry Hayes Lockwood, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1899 |
| | 1821 | Clement Hoffman "Rock" Stevens, Brig Gen, C.S.A. |
| | 1824 | William Terry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1888 |
| | 1876 | King Alexander I Obrenovic of Yugoslavia (1922-34), assassinated in 1934 |
| 15 | 1688 | King Frederick William I of Prussia (1713-1740) |
| | 1769 | Napoleone Bounaparte, Corsican adventurer, d. 1821 |
| | 1771 | Sir Walter Scott, novelist ("Ivanhoe") |
| | 1823 | Orris Sanford Ferry, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1878 | Piotr N. Wrangel, Russian "White Guard" Leader |
| | 1888 | T.E. Lawrence "of Arabia" |
| | 1912 | Julia Child, OSS agent, chef |
| 16 | 1622 | Tsjerk de Vries, Dutch admiral |
| | 1828 | Joseph Bradford Carr, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1831 | Edward Payson Chapin, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1863 |
| | 1892 | Harold Foster, cartoonist ("Prince Valiant") |
| | 1913 | Menachem Begin, terrorist, Israeli PM (1977-83), Peace Nobelist, 1978 |
| | 1923 | Shimon Peres, Israeli PM (1984-1986, 1995-1996) |
| 17 | 1629 | King John I of Poland (1674-1696) |
| | 1786 | David Crockett, frontiersman, k. 1836 |
| | 1819 | James Henry Van Alen, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1886 |
| | 1844 | Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia (1896-1913) |
| | 1876 | Henri G. Winkelman, Dutch Supreme Commander, 1940 |
| | 1887 | Charles I, last Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary (1916-18), d. 1922 |
| | 1887 | Marcus Garvey, fascistic African nationalist |
| | 1914 | Franklin D Roosevelt, Jr., naval officer [see Deaths] |
| | 1929 | Francis Gary Powers, U-2 pilot |
| 18 | 1587 | Virginia Dare |
| | 1813 | Benjamin Alvord, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1884 |
| | 1818 | William Farquhar Barry, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1879 |
| | 1830 | Franz Josef, Emperor of Austria & King of Hungary (1848-1916) |
| | 1917 | Casper Weinberger, sometime soldier, budget cutter who became SecDef (1981-87) |
| 19 | 232 | M. Aurelius Probus, Roman Emperor (276-282) |
| | 1815 | John Porter McCown, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1879 |
| | 1831 | Stephen Gano Burbridge, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1871 | Orville Wright, aviation pioneer |
| | 1878 | Manuel Quezon, First President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines |
| | 1883 | Gabrille "Coco" Chanel, stylish Nazi collaborator |
| | 1921 | Gene Roddenberry, B-17 Pilot, creator of "Star Trek", d 1991 |
| 20 | 1778 | Bernardo O'Higgins, Chilean patriot |
| | 1802 | Cadwalader Ringgold, naval officer, U.S. |
| | 1811 | Gilman Marston, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1890 |
| | 1824 | Absalom Baird, Brig Gen, U.S, d. 1905 |
| | 1832 | Thaddeus Sobieski Constantine Lowe, Civil War balloonist, d. 1913 |
| | 1833 | Benjamin Harrison, sometime colonel, 70th Indiana |
| | 1941 | Slobodan Milocevic, Serbian nationalist, war criminal |
| 21 | 1165 | King Philip II Augustus of France (1179-1223), the first Capetian |
| | 1579 | Duke Henri II de Rohan, French Huguenot leader |
| | 1643 | Afonso VI, insane king of Portugal (1656-67) |
| | 1670 | James FitzJames, the Duke of Berwick, bastard son of James II and Arabella Churchill, later Marshal of France, kia 1734 |
| | 1765 | William IV of Great Brtian (1830-1837), the first "Sailor King" |
| | 1810 | Thomas Jefferson McKean, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1821 | William Barksdale, Brig Gen, C.S.A.,d. in 1863 |
| | 1824 | John Sanford Mason, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897 |
| | 1880 | Johan H Westerveld, leader of the Nazi OD |
| 22 | 1760 | Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Giralamo Nicola della Genga - Pope Leo XII (1823-1829) |
| | 1822 | George Stoneman, Maj Gen, US, cavalryman, d. 1894 |
| | 1827 | Joseph Anthony Mower, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1870 |
| | 1834 | Nathaniel Harrison Harris, Brig Gen, C.S.A. |
| | 1836 | Archibald M Willard, artist ("The Spirit of '76") |
| | 1854 | King Milan Obrenovich of Serbia (1882-1889), military reformer, d 1901 |
| | 1898 | Stephen Vincent Benet, poet ("John Brown's Body") |
| | 1902 | Bertha Helene Amalie “Leni” Riefenstahl, Nazi film maker("Triumph of the Will"), d. in 2003 at 101 |
| | 1904 | Deng Xiaoping, Chinese communist dictator (1976-1983) |
| | 1919 | Earl Cathcart, British general |
| | 1934 | Norman Schwarzkopf |
| 23 | 1740 | Tsar Ivan VI of Russia (1740-41) |
| | 1754 | King Louis XVI of France (1774-92), dated Mdm. Guillotine in 1792 |
| | 1785 | Oliver Hazard Perry, who "met the enemy" on Lake Erie [see Deaths] |
| | 1818 | Rufus Ingalls, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1893 |
| | 1832 | Alexander Chambers, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1888 |
| | 1864 | Eleftherios K. Venizalos, Greek statesman |
| | 1923 | John Eisenhower, soldier, historian ("The Bitter Woods") |
| | 1935 | Brendan Jackson, British air marshal |
| 24 | 1113 | Count Geoffrey V of Anjou, the first "Plantagenet", d. 1151 |
| | 1750 | Letitia Ramolino Buonaparte, mother of Napoleone, d. 1847 |
| | 1759 | William Wilberforce, England, anti-slavery crusader |
| | 1808 | Benjamin G. Humphreys, Brig Gen, C.S.A. |
| | 1808 | Thomas F. Drayton, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1891 |
| | 1827 | Walter H. Stevens, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1867 |
| | 1828 | George "Maryland" Steuart, Brig Gen, C.S.A. |
| | 1865 | Ferdinand I "Tsar" of Bulgaria (1908-1918) |
| | 1886 | William F. Gibbs, naval architect (liners America & United States, and most of the WW2 fleet) |
| 25 | 1109 | Afonso "the Conqueror" - first King of Portugal (1139-1185) |
| | 1530 | Tsar Ivan IV "the Terrible" (1533-84) |
| | 1786 | King Ludwig I of Bavaria, friend to Lola Montez |
| | 1811 | Joseph D. Webster, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1812 | Percival Drayton, naval officer, U.S., d. 1865 |
| | 1819 | Allan Pinkerton, detective, inept Union spymaster |
| | 1823 | John Newton, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1895 |
| | 1825 | Henry W. Birge, Brig Maj Gen, U.S. |
| | 1845 | "Mad" King Ludwig II of Bavaria (1864-86) |
| | 1938 | Frederick Forsyth, putchist, novelist ("The Dogs of War"), d. 2001 |
| 26 | 1596 | King Frederick V of Bohemia |
| | 1676 | Robert Walpole, British statesman |
| | 1740 | Joseph Montgolfier, France, co-inventor of ballooning |
| | 1802 | Mariano Arista, general and President of Mexico (1851-1853), d. 1855 |
| | 1811 | Danville Leadbetter, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1866 |
| | 1819 | Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg Gotha, Consort to Queen Victoria |
| | 1833 | Charles Jackson Paine, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1835 | Theodore Washington Brevard, Brig Gen, C.S.A. |
| | 1838 | John Wilkes Booth, assassin, heartthrob |
| | 1901 | Maxwell D Taylor, sometime commander, 101st A/B Div |
| 27 | 551 | BC Confucius |
| | 1545 | Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma, Piacenza, etc. (1586-92), condottiero, Governor of the Netherlands, d. 1592 |
| | 1666 | Tsar Ivan V of Russia (1682-89) |
| | 1824 | Hiram Gregory Berry, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1863 |
| | 1826 | Frank Stillman Nickerson, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1832 | James Alexander Walker, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901 |
| | 1839 | Emory Upton, Maj Gen, U.S.V., military theorist, d. 1881 |
| | 1869 | Karl Haushofer, German soldier, geopolitician |
| | 1889 | C.S. Forester, novelist ("Horatio Hornblower") |
| | 1908 | Lyndon B Johnson, naval officer, President (1963-1969) |
| | 1910 | Mother Teresa |
| | 1912 | Peter Gretton, British vice admiral |
| | 1916 | Martha Raye, who also served |
| | 1930 | John Watts, sometime British Chief of Omani Armed Forces |
| | 1932 | Lady Antonia Fraser, biographer ("Wellington") |
| 28 | 1592 | George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham, murdered 1628 |
| | 1798 | Gershom Jaques Van Brunt, naval officer, U.S. d. 1863 |
| | 1828 | Count Leo Tolstoy, soldier, novelist ("War and Peace") |
| | 1828 | William Alexander Hammond, Brig Gen, d. 1900 |
| 29 | 1387 | King Henry V of England (1413-22), Victor of Agincourt |
| | 1619 | Jean-Baptiste Colbert, French minister of Marine |
| | 1809 | Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., poet ("Old Ironsides") |
| 30 | 1334 | King Pedro "the Cruel" of Castille & Leon (1350-1369), k. 1369 |
| | 1748 | Jacques-Louis David, artist ("The Oath of the Horatii"), d. 1825 |
| | 1772 | Henri Count de La Roche-Jacquelin, French counter-revolutionary |
| | 1797 | Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, author ("Frankenstein") |
| | 1901 | John Gunther, journalist, the "Inside" man |
| | 1918 | Ted Williams, Marine, outstanding baseball player |
| 31 | 12 | Caligula, maniacal Roman emperor (37-41) |
| | 161 | Commodus, maniacal Roman emperor (180-191) |
| | 1396 | Duke Philip III of Burgundy (1419-1467), friend to the English |
| | 1569 | Shah Jahan, Great Mogul of India (1628-1658), d. 1666 |
| | 1811 | Goode Bryan, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1885 |
| | 1822 | Fitz John Porter, Maj Gen, U.S., aeronaut, d. 1901 |
| | 1828 | George Leonard Andrews, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1879 | Emperor Yoshihito of Japan (1912-1926) |
| | 1880 | Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands (1898-1948), d. 1962 |
| | 1945 | Leonid I Popov, Russia, cosmonaut |
| 1 | 30 | BC Marc Antony, suicide |
| | 432 | Pope Celestine I |
| | 527 | Eastern Roman Emperor Justin I (518-527) |
| | 1137 | Louis VI, King of France (1108-1137) |
| | 1190 | Count Floris III of Holland |
| | 1358 | Stephen Marcel, French rebel, slain at Paris |
| | 1464 | Cosimo de' Medici, "Pater Patriae," at Florence |
| | 1503 | Cardinal Giovanni Borgia, possibly poisoned by his kinsman Cesare Borgia, for his fortune |
| | 1520 | Emperor Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin of the Aztec (1502-1520), of injuries sustained in a riot |
| | 1589 | Fray Jacques Clément, by the King’s bodyguard, after stabbing King Henri III of France |
| | 1714 | Queen Anne of England (1701-1714) |
| | 1720 | Admiral Sir John Leake |
| | 1946 | Andrei Vlasov, Russian general, traitor, executed at 45 |
| | 1973 | Walter Ulbricht, East German communist dictator |
| | 1977 | Francis Gary Powers, U-2 pilot, at 47 in a helicopter accident |
| 2 | 9 | Quintilius Varus, kia, the Teutobergerwald |
| | 216 | BC One consul, two former consuls, 77 senators, 2 quaestors, 29 military tribunes, and c. 40,000 other Romans, kia, along with maybe 10,000 Carthaginian, African, Spanish, and Gallic troops, Cannae |
| | 338 | BC King Archidamus III of Sparta, in Italy |
| | 640 | Pope Severinus (28 May-2 Aug 640) |
| | 686 | Pope John V (685-686) |
| | 1100 | King William II "Rufus" - a "stray" arrow while hunting in the New Forest |
| | 1589 | King Henri III of France(1573-1589), of wounds from an assassination attempt the previous day |
| | 1799 | Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier, pioneer balloonist |
| | 1849 | Mehemet Ali of Egypt, slave trader par excellence, |
| | 1876 | Wild Bill Hickok, shot by Jack McCall while holding black aces & eights & a jack of diamonds |
| | 1903 | "Calamity Jane" - Martha Jane Cannary |
| | 1921 | Enrico Caruso |
| | 1934 | Paul Von Hindenburg, at 86, leaving Germany in Hitler's hands |
| | 1936 | Louis Bleriot, pioneer aviator |
| | 1955 | Crown Prince Ruprecht of Bavaria, German general, WW I |
| | 1956 | Albert Woolson, drummer boy, USV, last Civil War veteran, at 109 |
| 3 | 772 | Pope Stephen III [IV] (768-772) - or the 1st |
| | 1181 | Pope Alexander III - Orlando Bandinelli (1159-81) |
| | 1387 | King Olaf V Hakonsson of Denmark (1376-1387) & Norway (1380-1387) |
| | 1495 | Troilo Malvizzi, Patrician of Bologna, Doctor of Canon Law, Prior of Santa Maria Madallena, murdered |
| | 1530 | Francesco Ferrucci, Captain of Florence, fighting against the Medici, and Philibert of Chalon, Prince of Orange, Spanish Viceroy of Naples, fighting for the Medici, kia, Gavinana |
| | 1578 | King Mulai Mohammed of Fez, his enemy Abd el-Malek, pretender to throne, and the latter’s ally King Sebastian of Portugal, all kia |
| | 1587 | Lamberto dei Malatesti, Count of Montecrodruzzo, decapitated at Rome |
| | 1916 | Sir Roger Casement, Irish nationalist, executed |
| | 2008 | Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, sometime Red Army major, Soviet dissident, author (“The GULAG Archipelago), b. 1918 |
| 4 | 946 | Pope Martin III |
| | 1060 | King Henry I of France (1060), at 27 |
| | 1265 | Count Simon de Montfort, founder of Parliament, his sons Henry & Peter, and his kinsmen Guy Balliol, Humphrey Bohun, & William Arundel, all kia, Eversham |
| | 1306 | King Wenceslaus V of Bohemia, stabbed at Olmutz |
| | 1430 | Philip of Saint-Pol, duke of Brabant |
| | 1477 | Jacques d'Armagnac, Due de Nemours, beheaded by Louis XI |
| | 1526 | Juan Sebastian de el Cano, first man to circumnavigate the globe |
| | 1666 | Johan Evertsen, Admiral of Zeeland, lynched in Brielle |
| | 1804 | Viscount Adam Duncan, admiral, victory of Camperdown |
| | 1922 | Enver Pasha, "Young Turk," kia, Turkestan, at 41 |
| | 1999 | Victor Mature, Coastguardsman, actor ("Demetrius and the Gladiators"), at 84 |
| 5 | 465 | BC King Xerxes I of Persia, murdered |
| | 642 | King Oswald of Northumbria (634-642), kia at c. 38 |
| | 882 | King Louis III of France (879-882), at c. 19 |
| | 1063 | King Gruffydd ap Llywelyn of Wales, killed by his own troops after losing the Battle of Snowdonia |
| | 1157 | Count Dirk VI of Holland |
| | 1600 | John, Earl of Gowrie, slain at Perth while attempting to kill James VI of Scots |
| | 1792 | Frederick, Lord North, British statesman who lost America |
| | 1799 | Richard, Admiral Lord Howe, |
| | 1895 | Friedrich Engles, capitalist exploiter of the masses, Communist hero, at 74 |
| | 1984 | Richard Burton, aviation cadet, actor ("Where Eagles Dare", etc.), at 58 |
| 6 | 258 | Pope St. Sixtus II (31 Aug 257-6 Aug 258), martyred |
| | 523 | Pope St. Hormisdas (514-523) |
| | 1162 | Count Ramon Berenguer IV "the Saint" of Barcelona (1131-1154) |
| | 1195 | Duke Henry "the Lion" of Saxony and Bavaria |
| | 1272 | King Stephan V of Hungary(1270-1272), Prince of Transylvania |
| | 1458 | Pope Callistus III - Alfonso de Borja (1455-1458), at 79 |
| | 1666 | Heinrich de Vries, Dutch naval officer, KIA, at 43 |
| | 1746 | King Christian VI of Denmark & Norway, |
| | 1820 | Elisa, sister to Napoleon, at 43 |
| | 1867 | Emperor Faustin Soulouque of Haiti |
| | 1890 | William Kemmler, having the honor of being first man executed in the electric chair |
| | 1944 | Count Alfonso Casati, kia at 26 earning the Medaglia d'Oro while serving with the San Marco |
| | 1973 | Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar, erstwhile Cuban dictator (1952-1959) |
| | 1978 | Giovanni Montini - Pope Paul VI (1963-1978) |
| | 1987 | Ira C Eaker, USAAF WW II "Bomber Baron," at 91 |
| | 2000 | Alec Guinness, naval officer, actor ("Bridge on the River Kwai"), at 86 |
| 7 | 44 | King Herod Agrippa of Judea, Caesarea |
| | 117 | Trajan, Roman Emperor (98-117), at 65 |
| | 461 | Roman Emperor Majorian (457-461), assassinated |
| | 480 | BC King Leonidas of Sparta, the “300,” and the other Greek heroes, slain at Thermopylae [Alt] |
| | 1106 | Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV “the Great” (1184-1105) |
| | 1304 | Pope Bl Benedict XI - Nicholas Boccasini (22 Oct 1303-7 Jul 1304) |
| | 1941 | Bruno Mussolini, son of the Duce, test flying the Piaggio 108 four-engined bomber |
| 8 | 869 | King Lothar II of Middle France (855-869) |
| | 1048 | Pope Damasus II (17 July-8 Aug 1048) |
| | 1306 | King Wenceslas III of Bohemia & Poland (1305-1306), murdered. |
| | 1648 | Sultan Ibrahim "the Mad" of Turkey, murdered, |
| | 1788 | Duke Louis de Richelieu, French marshal |
| | 1942 | Six Nazi saboteurs, executed in Washington |
| | 1944 | Erwin von Witzleben, German marshal, anti-Nazi conspirator, hanged |
| 9 | 48 | BC Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus and thousands of others, kia at Pharsalus |
| | 353 | Magnentius, Roman Emperor aspirant, executed at Lyon |
| | 803 | Irene, Byzantine empress, wife of Leo IV |
| | 1487 | Roberto Sanseverino, Count of Cajazzo & Marquis of Castelnuovo, 69, ambushed at Calliano |
| | 1672 | Dutch statesmen John and Cornelius de Witt, lynched at the Hague |
| | 1854 | King Frederik Augustus II of Saxony (1836-1854), at 57 |
| | 1928 | Grand Duke Frederik II of Baden (1907-1918), at 71 |
| | 1944 | Antoine de Saint-Euxpery, aviator & author ("Le petite prince"), missing over the Mediterranean |
| | 1961 | Walter Bedell Smith, Eisenhower's chief of staff |
| 10 | 955 | Duke Konrad of Lorraine, kia |
| | 991 | Brithnoth, Anglo-Saxon war leader, kia at Maldon. |
| | 1250 | King Erik IV of Denmark, murdered |
| | 1535 | Cardinal Ippolito de'Medici, soldier, of poison, at Itri |
| | 1584 | Francis, Duke of Alencon and Anjou, who might have married Gloriana, at 30 |
| | 1759 | King Ferdinand VI the Wise of Spain (1746-1759), at 46 |
| | 1822 | General Sir Samuel Auchmuty, victor of Monte Video |
| | 1945 | Robert Goddard, inventor of the liquid-fueled rocket, 62 |
| 11 | 1241 | Kakhan Ogadai of the Mongols |
| | 1259 | Kakhan Mongka of the Mongols |
| | 1456 | John Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary |
| | 1480 | The bishop of Otranto, who is sawn in half, and hundreds of others, who are beheaded, for refusing conversion to Islam, by Mohammed the Conqueror |
| | 1689 | Pope Bl. Innocent XI - Benedetto Odescalchi (1676-1689), at 78 |
| | 1975 | Anthony C. McAuliffe, who once had occasion to say "Nuts!", at 77 |
| 12 | 30 | BC Cleopatra VII, asped |
| | 1350 | King Philip VI of France |
| | 1484 | Pope Sixtus IV - Francesco della Rovere (1471-1484) |
| | 1656 | Metacom "King Phillip" of the Wampanoag, kia by Colonial militiamen |
| | 1811 | Sir John Francis Edward Acton, 6th Baronet Acton, Tuscan admiral, Neapolitan Minister of War & Marine (1778-1804), at 75 |
| | 1914 | John Philip Holland, submarine designer |
| | 1935 | Maj Gen Tetsuzan Nagata, murdered in his headquarters by Lt Col Saburo Aizawa in a doctrinal dispute |
| | 1964 | Ian Fleming, British officer and novelist ("James Bond"), at 56 |
| | 1982 | Henry Fonda, sometime naval officer, at 77 |
| | 1990 | USAF SSGT John Campisi, struck by a truck - the first American to die in the Gulf War |
| 13 | 582 | East Roman Emperor Tiberius II, at Constantinople |
| | 662 | Maximus Confessor, Greek theologian and crusader |
| | 875 | Holy Emperor Louis II, at Milan |
| | 900 | King Zwentibold of Lorraine (895-900), at c. 29 |
| | 1447 | Duke Filipo Maria Visconti of Milan (1412-1447), the last of the line |
| | 1484 | Pope Sixtus IV |
| | 1860 | Prince Danillo II of Montenegro, of a gunshot wound |
| | 1910 | Florence Nightingale, “The Lady with the lamp" |
| | 1946 | H. G. Wells, pacifist, wargamer, at 79 |
| | 2004 | Julia Child, master chef, OSS operative, at 91. |
| 14 | 1433 | King John I of Portugal (1383-1433), at 76 |
| | 1464 | Pope Pius II - Enea Silvio de' Piccolomini (1458-1464) |
| | 1482 | Count Palatine Marc’Antonio Malvizzi, condottiero, kia in Neapolitan service |
| | 1936 | Rainey Bethea, in the last public execution in the U.S. |
| | 1941 | Josef Jakobs, German spy, the last man executed in the Tower |
| 15 | 423 | Flavius Honorius, Roman Emperor (395-423) |
| | 465 | Roman Emperor Libius Severus (461-465) |
| | 778 | Roland, kia at Roncevalles |
| | 1038 | St. Stefan I Arpad, First King of Hungary (997-1038), at Buda |
| | 1057 | King Macbeth of Scotland, slain by Macduff, Thane of Fife |
| | 1118 | Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus |
| | 1380 | Vettor Pisani, Venetian admiral |
| | 1388 | James, Earl of Douglas, kia, Otterbourne |
| | 1528 | Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, Marshal of France, of plague on campaign in Italy |
| | 1636 | Marquis Ranuccio Pallavicino, Captain of Imperial Cuirassiers, kia Rottofreddo |
| | 1935 | Will Rogers and Wiley Post, airplane accident |
| | 1975 | Sheik Mujibur Rahiman, of Bangladesh, in a military coup |
| | 1992 | Giorgio Perlasca, Italian anti-fascist who saved 5,200 Jews |
| | 2003 | Jannie Brandes-Brilleslijper, Dutch Resistance fighter, friend to Anne Frank. |
| 16 | 1153 | Bernard de Tremelai, 4th Master of the Templars, kia, Ascalon |
| | 1675 | Bogdan Chmilnicki, Cossack hetman, who had murdered 300,000 Jews |
| | 1870 | Charles Ardant du Picq, soldier, author ("Battle Studies"), kia at Gravelotte |
| | 1921 | King Peter I Karadjordjevic of Serbia/Yugoslavia [8/26 NS] |
| | 1945 | Takihiro Onishi, founder of the Kamikaze, on a mission |
| | 1949 | Margaret Mitchell, novelist ("GWTW"), a day after being hit by a taxi |
| | 1959 | Fleet Admiral William F. Halsey |
| | 2002 | Abu Nidal (Sabri al-Banna), Palestinian terrorist, suicide (b. 1937) |
| | 2003 | Idi Amin, maniacal dictator of Uganda, in bed, unfortunately |
| 17 | 310 | Pope St Eusebius (Apr 18-Aug 17, 310 - or possibly 309) |
| | 1373 | Ambrogio Visconti, condottiero, Lord of Pavia, assassinated at 30 |
| | 1553 | Duke Charles III of Savoy |
| | 1657 | Robert Blake, English “general at sea” at c. 58 |
| | 1786 | King Frederik II "The Great" of Prussia (1740-86) |
| | 1850 | Jose de San Martin, sometime marine, "The Liberator" |
| | 1877 | F.P. Cahill, Billy the Kid's first victim |
| | 1915 | Leo Frank, Jewish businessman, lynched in Georgia |
| | 1962 | Peter Fechter, 18, shot by East German border guards at the Berlin Wall |
| | 1987 | Rudolph Hess, Nazi, suicide at 93, after 46 years in Allied custody |
| | 1988 | FDR Jr, sometime naval officer, on his 74th birthday |
| | 1988 | Pakistani President Mohammad Zia ul-Haq and US Ambassador to Pakistan Arnold Raphel, plane crash |
| 18 | 472 | Count Ricimer, Romano-Barbarian general, emperor-maker, at c. 67 |
| | 1222 | Genghis Khan, noted mass murderer, in bed |
| | 1276 | Pope Hadrian V (Jul 11-Aug 18, 1276 |
| | 1500 | Alfonso d'Aragona, husband to Lucrezia Borgia, wounded on Jul 15th, "not having died of his wounds, was found strangled in his bed," by order of Cesare Borgia |
| | 1503 | Pope Alexander VI - Rodrigo Borja [Borgia] (1492-1503) |
| | 1510 | Edmund Dudley & Sir Richard Empson, ministers to Henry VII, executed on Tower Hill |
| | 1559 | Pope Paul IV - Giovanni Pietro Caraffa (1555-1559) |
| | 1746 | Lord Balmerino and the Earl of Kilmarnock, beheaded as Jacobite traitors, London |
| | 1870 | Prince Felix zu Salm-Salm, soldier-of-fortune, d/w, Gravellote-St. Privat |
| | 1940 | Hector Bywater, journalist & novelist ("The Great Pacific War"), at 55 |
| | 1989 | Luis Carlos Galan, Colombian presidential candidate, assassinated |
| 19 | 14 | Augustus, Roman Emperor (27 BC-AD 14) |
| | 1186 | Geoffrey Plantagenet, brother of King Richard Lionheart, killed at Paris |
| | 1493 | Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III of Innsbruck (1440-1493), at 77 |
| | 1601 | Voivode Michael "the Brave" of Transylvania |
| | 1693 | Patrick Sarsfield, Commander, the French “Brigade Irlandais,” kia, the Battle of Landen, saying "Would it were for Ireland." |
| | 1936 | Federico Garcia Lorca, Spanish poet, murdered |
| | 1944 | Guther von Kluge, German field marshal, suicide over surrender |
| | 1974 | Rodger P. Davies, US Amb to Cyprus, shot in the Embassy during an anti-American demonstration. |
| 20 | 651 | St. Oswin, King of Deria (642-651), Martyr |
| | 984 | Pope John XIV (983-984), as a prisoner of Anti-Pope Boniface VII |
| | 1190 | Bernard of Clairveaux, who inspired the Second Crusade |
| | 1191 | Richard I's Crusaders massacre c. 2,500 Moslem men, women, & childern at Acre |
| | 1672 | Johan de Witt, Dutch government official, lynched |
| | 1723 | Pope Pius VII - Barnaba Chiaramoni (1800-1823) |
| | 1804 | SGT Charles Floyd, of “bilious cholic” - the only fatality on the Lewis & Clark Expedition |
| | 1985 | Harchand Singh Longowai, Sikh leader, shot by Sikh extremists |
| | 2006 | Joe Rosenthal, who took a famous photograph, at 91 |
| 21 | 1131 | King Baldwin II of Jerusalem |
| | 1157 | King Alfonso VII of Castille (1126-1157), at c. 52 |
| | 1190 | Duke Godfried III of Brabant |
| | 1425 | Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus (1391-1425), at c. 75 |
| | 1482 | Roberto "il Magnifico" Malatesta, Lord of Rimini (1468-1482), condottiero, murderer, kia, Campomorto |
| | 1553 | John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, beheaded in the Tower |
| | 1940 | Leo Trotsky, at 62, a day after being axed in the head |
| | 1982 | King Sobhuza II of Swaziland/Ngwane (1921-82) |
| | 1983 | Benigno Simeon Aquino, Philippine presidential candidate, assassinated |
| 22 | 634 | Abu Bakr, the first Caliph (632-634), at c. 60 |
| | 1188 | King Ferdinand II of Castille & Leon |
| | 1241 | Pope Gregory IX - Count Ugolino of Segni (1227-1241) |
| | 1280 | Pope Nicholas III - Giocanni Gaetani Orsini (1277-1280) at c. 75 |
| | 1286 | King Erik V of Denmark, murdered |
| | 1350 | King Philips VI de Valois of France (1328-50) |
| | 1485 | England's Richard III, unable to find a horse |
| | 1711 | Louis Francois, duc de Boufflers, Marshal of France |
| | 1793 | Louis Duke de Noailles, Marshal of France, at 80 |
| | 1818 | Warren Hastings, sometime Governor General of India |
| | 1922 | Michael "Big Mike" Collins, Irish revolutionary hero, assassinated at 31 |
| | 1978 | Jomo Kenyatta, President of Kenya, at 83 |
| | 2000 | Abdufaz Eichibey, first president of Azerbaijan, in a coup attempt |
| 23 | 93 | Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman general, father-in-law of Tacitus |
| | 408 | Stilicho, Roman general, beheaded by an inept emperor [See Events] |
| | 1305 | William Wallace, Scottish patriot, disemboweled |
| | 1628 | George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, murdered at 35 |
| | 1819 | Oliver Hazard Perry, naval hero, yellow fever on his 34th birthday |
| | 1927 | Nicola Sacco & Bartolomeo Vanzetti, executed in Massachusetts |
| | 1973 | Eddie Rickenbacker, American ace, at 82 |
| | 1999 | King Hassan II of Morocco (1961-1999), at 80 |
| 24 | 40 | Caius Julius Agricola, Roman general, conqueror of the Iceni, at c. 53 |
| | 79 | Pliny the Elder, admiral, naturalist, rescuing the victims of Mt. Vesuvius |
| | 1103 | King Magnus III of Norway (1093-1103) |
| | 1313 | Henry VII, German king & emperor (1308-1313) |
| | 1572 | Gaspard de Coligny, French admiral, beheaded |
| | 1680 | Col. Thomas Blood, who had stolen the Crown Jewels in 1671 |
| | 1954 | Getulio Vargas, fascistic dictator of Brazil (1930-45, 51-54), suicide |
| | 1970 | Robert Fassnacht, by an "anti-war" bomb, U of Wisconsin |
| 25 | 383 | Flavius Gratianus, Roman emperor (375-383) assassinated at Lyon |
| | 882 | King Louis III of France (879-882) |
| | 1270 | St Louis IX, King of France (1226-70), of disease on Crusade in Egypt |
| | 1313 | Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII, at Siena |
| | 1330 | Sir James "the Black" Douglas, Scottish patriot, in Spain at c. 45 |
| | 1346 | Louis of Nevers, Count of Flanders, in battle |
| | 1942 | The Duke of Kent, brother of King George VI, plane crash |
| | 1945 | Willis "Ching" Lee, premier USN battleship admiral, heart attack |
| | 1967 | George Lincoln Rockwell, fighter ace, American Nazi, shot by a follower |
| 26 | 796 | King Offa of Mercia (757-796) |
| | 1260 | Alberico da Romano, brother of Ezzelino "The Cruel," and his sons Alberico, Giovanni, Romano, Ugolino, drawn & quartered, as well as his wife Margherita and daughters Amabilia, Griselda, and Tornalisce, burned at the stake |
| | 1278 | King Ottokar II of Bohemia (1253-78), in battle |
| | 1346 | King Jean "the Blind" of Bohemia, kia at Crecy |
| | 1346 | Louis of Nevers, Count of Flanders, kia at Crecy |
| | 1486 | Ernst I of Saxony (1464-86), at 45 |
| | 1813 | Karl Theodor Körner, Prussian war poet, kia at 22 |
| | 1921 | Matthias Erzberger, German Minister of Finance, murdered by nationaists |
| | 1974 | Charles Lindbergh, intrepid flyer, enviromentalisst, Nazi dupe, anti-Semite, at 72 |
| | 1974 | Prince Junio Valerio Borghese, Fascist condottiero, b. 1906 |
| 27 | 479 | BC Aristodemos, Spartan survivor of Thermopylae, kia, Plataea, with c. 750 other patriotic Greeks |
| | 479 | BC Mardonios, Persian Satrap of Greece, kia, Plataea, with thousands of other Persians and numerous medizing Greeks |
| | 827 | Pope Eugene II (824-827) |
| | 1590 | Pope Sixtus V - Felice Peretti (1585-1590) |
| | 1919 | Louis Botha, South African soldier and statesman |
| | 1975 | Haile Selassie, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia, at 83 |
| | 1979 | Admiral of the Fleet Lord Louis Mountbatten, killed by the IRA |
| 28 | 388 | Magnus Maximus, usurping Roman Emperor(383-88) & his son Victorius, executed by Theodosius |
| | 876 | Louis the German, King of the East Franks (833-76) |
| | 1354 | "Fra Moriale" - Giovanni di Montréal du Bar – mercenary Captain of the "Great Company", beheaded in Rome by Cola di Reinzo |
| | 1481 | King Afonso V of Portugal |
| | 1551 | Fabrizio Colonna, Roman Noble, condottiero, kia by the Farnese, Vigolana |
| | 1793 | General Adam Philippe, le comte de Custine de Sarreck, guillotined at 53 for not being aggressive enough |
| | 1943 | Boris III of Saxe-Coburg, King of Bulgaria (1918-43) |
| | 1944 | Ernst Thaelmann, German communist, in Buchenwald |
| | 1955 | Emmett Till, 14, lynched in Money, Mississippi |
| | 1978 | Bruce Catton, Civil War historian, at 78 |
| 29 | 29 | John the Baptist, beheaded [Trad] |
| | 238 | Co-Emperors Pupienus & Balbinus (Apr 22-July 29, 238), murdered in the streets of Rome |
| | 886 | Byzantine Emperor Basil I "the Macedonian" (867-886) |
| | 1315 | Charles, Prince of Taranto, and his uncle Peter, Count of Eboli, condottiero, kia, Montecatini |
| | 1533 | Atahualpa, the last Inca, garotted by Pizarro |
| | 1782 | Admiral Kempenfeldt and c. 900 men, women, & children, as HMS Royal George(108) capsizes at dockside in Portsmouth |
| | 1799 | Pope Pius VI - Giovanni Anelico Braschi (1775-1799), a prisoner of the French |
| | 1904 | Sultan Murad V of Turkey (1876) |
| | 1960 | PM Hazza el-Majali of Jordan, assassinated by a bomb |
| | 1972 | Lale Anderson, German chanteuse ("Lili Marlene") |
| | 1975 | Eamon de Valera, Irish nationalist and president, at 92 |
| | 1981 | Lowell Thomas, intrepid war correspondent, at 89 |
| | 1983 | David Niven, soldier, actor ("Dawn Patrol"), at 74 |
| | 1987 | Lee Marvin, Marine, actor ("The Big Red One"), at 63 |
| 30 | 536 | Theodoric the Great, King of the Ostrogoths. |
| | 1483 | King Louis XI of France (1461-83), at 60 |
| | 1580 | Duke Emanuel Philibert of Savoy, Viceroy of the Spanish Netherlands |
| | 1800 | Gabriel Prosser and 34 others, hanged at Richmond for “servile insurrection” [See Events] |
| | 1879 | John Bell Hood, Gen, C.S.A., who lost Atlanta, yellow fever at 48 |
| | 1918 | Col. Bertram T. Clayton, Brooklyn cavalryman, air attack in the trenches; the ranking West Pointer (1881) kia in World War I |
| | 1935 | Henri Barbusse, WW I veteran, author ("Under Fire") |
| | 1981 | Mohammad Ali Rajai, Pres of Iran, a bomb, and Mohammad Javad Bahonar, PM of Iran, a bomb |
| 31 | 1057 | Earl Leofric III of Mercia, husband to Lady Godiva, b. 968 |
| | 1158 | King Sancho III of Castille |
| | 1186 | King Baldwin in V of Jerusalem (1183-1186), age 9. |
| | 1422 | Henry V of England (1413-22), at 35 |
| | 1888 | Mary Ann Nicholls, Jack the Ripper's first victim |
| | 1967 | Ilia Ehrenburg, Soviet war poet |
| | 2006 | Guy Gabaldon, the “Pied Piper of Saipan,” at 80 |
| 1 | 0 | Air Force Day |
| | 2 | BC Temple of Mars Ultor is dedicated in Rome |
| | 527 | Justinian I becomes sole Roman Emperor (to 565) |
| | 626 | Persians & Avars abandon siege of Constantinople (begun June 29) |
| | 902 | The Arabs capture Taormina, the last Byzantine naval base in Sicily |
| | 939 | Battle of Simancas: Asturians defeat the Andalucian Arabs |
| | 1086 | Oath of Salisbury: Landowners of England swear fealty to William the Conqueror |
| | 1096 | Walter the Penniless, Peter the Hermit, and the "Beggars' Crusade" reach Constantinople |
| | 1209 | Crusaders besiege Albigenian-held Carcassone (falls, 15th) |
| | 1291 | The Everlasting League: Uri, Schwyz, & Unterwalden unite to form Switzerland |
| | 1354 | Triumphant restoration of Cola di Rienzo to power in Rome (ousted Oct 8th) |
| | 1423 | Battle of Cravant: English longbowmen devastate attacking French |
| | 1498 | Christopher Columbus lands in Central America |
| | 1578 | Battle of Rimenant: Dutch defeat the Spanish |
| | 1589 | Monk Jacques Clement attempts to kill French King Henri III |
| | 1619 | First African slaves landed at Jamestown, Virginia |
| | 1664 | Battle of Szentgotthard: Austrian crush Turkish invaders |
| | 1675 | Battle of Altenheim: The French defeat the Imperialists |
| | 1759 | Battle of Minden: English infantry attacks & routs French cavalry |
| | 1781 | Cornwallis' British army occupies Yorktown, Virginia |
| | 1794 | Whiskey Rebellion begins |
| | 1801 | U.S. schooner Enterprise captures Tripolitanian ship Tripoli |
| | 1834 | Slavery abolished in the British Empire |
| | 1848 | Battle of Crotta d'Adda: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese |
| | 1863 | Battle of Little Rock, Ark |
| | 1864 | Battle of Petersburg, Va |
| | 1864 | Phil Sheridan takes command of the Army of the Shenandoah |
| | 1898 | US and Spanish troops skirmish outside Manila |
| | 1907 | U.S. Signal Corps forms an Aviation Section |
| | 1914 | German Emperor Wilhelm II declares war on his nephew Tsar Nicholas II |
| | 1917 | Pope Benedict XV urges "an end to useless slaughter" and is totally ignored |
| | 1918 | British troops occupy Vladivostok |
| | 1926 | Attempted assassination of Spanish dictator Primo de Rivera |
| | 1926 | The Druze riot against the French in Damascus |
| | 1936 | Hitler opens the Berlin Olympics, the 11th modern games |
| | 1940 | Soviets occupy Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia |
| | 1942 | Allied fleets begin diversionary moves to mask the Guadalcanal operation |
| | 1942 | U.S. battlefleet departs San Francisco for Pearl Harbor |
| | 1943 | Blackett Str: "Tokyo Express" to Kolombangara tangles with 15 PT-boats |
| | 1943 | Japan declares Burma independent under U Ba Maw |
| | 1943 | Kiska: U.S. surface ships shell suspected Japanese positions. |
| | 1944 | Chinese hold Japanese before Hengyang. |
| | 1944 | George S. Patton's Third Army begins 281 days of operations |
| | 1944 | Marines crush Japanese resistance on Tinian. |
| | 1944 | Warsaw Uprising: the Polish Home Army begins a 62-day insurrection against the Nazis, as the Soviets stand idle nearby |
| | 1945 | B-29s raid Toyama, Japan |
| | 1945 | The Yangtze: U.S. air dropped mines sink or damage 47 Japanese ships. |
| | 1946 | Office of Naval Research is established |
| | 1950 | King Leopold of Belgium abdicates in favor of his son Baudouin |
| | 1958 | USS Nautilus passes beneath the Arctic ice-pack [See Aug 3] |
| | 1961 | East Germany limits traffic to West Berlin, Cold War intensifies |
| | 1966 | Britain disbands the Colonial Office - the Empire is over |
| | 1966 | UT Austin: former Marine Charles Whitman leaves 13 dead, 31 wounded |
| | 1975 | Helsinki Pact guaranteeing boundaries and civil rights in Europe |
| 2 | 47 | BC “Veni, Vidi, Vici”; Caesar defeats Pharnaces at Zela |
| | 216 | BC Battle of Cannae: Hannibal crushes a Roman Army |
| | 1057 | Federick of Lorraine elected Pope as Stephen X [IX] (1057-1058) |
| | 1247 | HR Emperor Frederick II besieges Parma (lifted Feb 18, 1248) |
| | 1492 | Jews are expelled from Spain by King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella |
| | 1530 | Battle of Gavinara: Spanish-Medician forces defeat the Florentines |
| | 1554 | Battle of Marciano: Spanish-Medician forces defeat the Franco-Sienese near Florence |
| | 1740 | First public performance of Thompson's & Arne's "Rule, Britannia!" |
| | 1770 | Battle of the Pruth: Russians defeat the Turks, who lose 20,000 |
| | 1776 | Formal signing of the Declaration of Independence begins |
| | 1776 | Royal Navy lands 32,000 British & Hessians on Staten I, near New York City |
| | 1802 | Napoleon Bonaparte declares hiimself "Consul for Life" |
| | 1819 | First parachute jump in the US, from a balloon |
| | 1831 | Dutch invade secessionist Belgium (withdraw Aug 12) |
| | 1832 | Battle of the Bad Axe River: final action of the Black Hawk War, many Indians slain |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Dug Springs, Mo |
| | 1865 | CSS Shenandoah learns the Civil War ended four months earlier |
| | 1867 | Wagon Box Fight: c. 30 army woodcutters defeat c. 1000 Sioux |
| | 1887 | Rowell Hodge receives a patent for barbed wire |
| | 1903 | Macedonians began an unsuccessful uprising against the Turks |
| | 1904 | British capture Lhasa, Tibet |
| | 1911 | Dictator Antoine Simon flees Haiti in a US warship |
| | 1914 | Russian troops invade Eastern Prussia |
| | 1917 | Sqn Cdr Edwin Harris Dunning, DSC, becomes the first man to land an airplane on a moving ship, a Sopwith Pup on HMS Furious at Scapa Flow |
| | 1928 | Mussolini signs peace treaty with Abyssinia (Ethiopia) |
| | 1931 | Albert Einstein urges scientists to refuse military work |
| | 1934 | German Armed Forces swear a "Holy Oath" to the unholy Adolf Hitler |
| | 1941 | Jews are expelled from Hungarian Ruthenia |
| | 1943 | Blackett Str: JFK's PT-109 rammed & sunk by HIJMS Amagiri. |
| | 1943 | New Georgia: 27th RCT arrives to reinforce U.S. troops. |
| | 1943 | Riot at Treblinka Concentration Camp |
| | 1944 | Burma: Chinese troops heavily engaged at Teng-chung. |
| | 1944 | Turkey breaks diplomatic relations with Nazi Germany |
| | 1945 | B-29s drop 6,600 tons of bombs on five Japanese cities. |
| | 1950 | The 1st Marine Provisional Bde lands at Pusan |
| | 1964 | Gulf of Tonkin: North Vietnamese PT boats attack USS Maddox |
| | 1990 | Iraq invades & occupies Kuwait - onset of Desert Shield/Desert Storm |
| 3 | 9 | Tiberius defeats the Pannonian Pirustae & Desidiates |
| | 1108 | Louis VI crowned King of France |
| | 1460 | Scots capture & raze Roseburgh. |
| | 1492 | Columbus sails from Palos on the most momentous voyage in history |
| | 1529 | Treaty of Cambrai ("The Lady's Peace"): Francis I accepts Spanish domination of Italy, temporarily |
| | 1530 | The Medici return to Florence |
| | 1578 | "Battle of the Three Kings" - Wadi Al-makhazin: Moroccans defeat Portuguese & rebels |
| | 1601 | Battle of Guruslau: Michael the Brave's Imperial-Romanian forces defeat the Poles |
| | 1644 | First Battle of Freiburg: French defeat the Bavarians |
| | 1645 | Battle of Allersheim |
| | 1692 | Battle of Steenkerken: The French defeat the English & Germans |
| | 1758 | Naval Battle of Negapatam: English defeat the French off India |
| | 1796 | Battle of Lonato: The French defeat the Austrians |
| | 1797 | Bohemia: Emperor Francis I permits Jewish veterans to marry non-Jews |
| | 1804 | USN squadron bombards Tripoli |
| | 1812 | US Frigate Essex captures the British brig Brothers |
| | 1848 | Battle of Milan: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese |
| | 1849 | Roman Republic surrenders to the French |
| | 1861 | First manned balloon ascent from a ship, USS Fanny, Hampton Roads |
| | 1861 | Navy authorizes three ironclads: Monitor, Galena, & New Ironsides |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Massila, NM |
| | 1914 | Germany declares war on France |
| | 1914 | Germany invades Belgium, besieges Liege |
| | 1914 | Germany invades Luxembourg |
| | 1914 | Great Britain declares war on Germany |
| | 1915 | Second Battle of the Isonzo ends (from July 18) |
| | 1917 | N.Y. Guard established |
| | 1919 | Romanians capture Budapest, to oust the “Hungarian Soviet Socialist Republic” |
| | 1940 | Italian troops attack British Somaliland |
| | 1940 | Lithuania is annexed by the USSR |
| | 1942 | Japanese Army begins forming armored divisions in Manchuria. |
| | 1942 | Mildred McAffee becomes the first woman officer in the Naval Reserve. |
| | 1943 | New Georgia: Fijian and Solomons troops join US forces. |
| | 1943 | Patton slaps Pvt Charles H. Kuhl, 1st Infantry Division, at the 15th Evac Hospital, near Nicosia, Sicily |
| | 1944 | Auschwitz-Birkenau: 4,000 Gypsies murdered |
| | 1944 | Burma: Allied troops conquer Myitkyina, reopening the Burma Road |
| | 1958 | "Nautilus 90 North" |
| | 1990 | US announces commitment of naval forces to the Persian Gulf |
| 4 | 0 | Coast Guard Day |
| | 1135 | Pisans sack Amalfi |
| | 1265 | Battle of Evesham: Prince Edward [I] defeats Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, to end the 2nd Baron's War |
| | 1347 | English troops capture Calais |
| | 1645 | Battle of Nordlingen: French defeat the Imperialists |
| | 1693 | Dom Perignon allegedly invents champagne |
| | 1735 | Journalist John Peter Zenger cleared of slander charges |
| | 1753 | George Washington becomes a Master Mason |
| | 1790 | Revenue Cutter Service formed, the origins of the USCG |
| | 1846 | USS Congress captures Santa Barbara, Ca |
| | 1870 | Battle of Weissenburg: Prussians defeat the French |
| | 1900 | Battle of Elands River: 400 Australians defeat 2,500 Boers |
| | 1903 | Giuseppe Sarto elected Pope as Pius X (1903-1914), later canonized |
| | 1914 | Siegfried Sassoon enlists in the Sussex Yeomanry |
| | 1916 | US agrees to buy the Virgin Islands from Denmark for $25 million |
| | 1917 | Pravda calls for killing of capitalists, priests, & officers |
| | 1917 | US takes title to the Virgin Islands from Denmark |
| | 1918 | Adolf Htler is awarded the Iron Cross, First Class, for delivering messages under fire, on the recommendation of Lt. Hugo Gutmann, a Jewish officer |
| | 1927 | Peace Bridge between US & Canada opened |
| | 1929 | 60,000 Nazi Storm Troopers march in Munich |
| | 1936 | Ioannis Metaxas names himself dictator of Greece |
| | 1942 | G. C. Kenney takes command of Allied AF SW Pacific, under MacArthur. |
| | 1942 | U.S. destroyer Tucker is mined at Espiritu Santo. |
| | 1943 | Kiska: USAAF bombers drop 152 tons of bombs |
| | 1943 | Munda, New Georgia: U.S. troops close in on Japanese airfield. |
| | 1944 | Anne Frank and her family are betrayed to the Nazis |
| | 1944 | Burma: Chinese troops finally break into Teng-chung on the Salween. |
| | 1944 | Guam: Army and Marine forces cut Japanese defenders into two groups. |
| | 1944 | T. D. Dean, RAF, scores the first V-1, by "tipping" it's wing |
| | 1964 | Gulf of Tonkin: US DDs report second attack by North Vietnamese PT boats |
| | 2005 | Bow section, with 24 tons of steel from the World Trade Center, is fitted to the USS New York(LPD-21), under construction in Louisiana |
| 5 | 54 | BC Caesar defeats the Britons under Cassivellaunus in Hertsfordshire |
| | 135 | Romans capture last Jewish stronghold of the Bar Kochba Revolt |
| | 642 | Battle of Maserfeld: King Penda of Mercia defeats King Oswald of Northumbria |
| | 1063 | Battle of Snowdonia: Harold Godwinson defeats King Gruffydd ap Llywelyn of Wales |
| | 1192 | Battle of Jaffa: a greatly outnumbered Richard Lionheart defeats Saladin |
| | 1264 | Anti-Jewish riots in Arnstadt, Germany |
| | 1391 | Arsonists kill c. 200 Jews in Barcelona |
| | 1435 | Battle of Ponza: Franco-Genovese fleet defeats the Aragonese off Gaeta |
| | 1598 | Battle of Traigh Gruinart: Sir James MacDonald of Islay defeats Sir Lachlan MacLean of Duart |
| | 1600 | Battle of Perth: King James VI of Scotland defeats the Earl of Gowrie |
| | 1620 | The Mayflower & Speedwell sail from Plymouth. |
| | 1644 | Second Battle of Freiburg: Bavarians defeat the French |
| | 1716 | Battle of Peterwardein: Austria's Eugene of Savoy (40,000) routs 150,000 Turks |
| | 1763 | Battle of Bushy Run: Henry Bosquet defeats Pontiac |
| | 1772 | First Partition of Poland: Austria, Prussia & Russia annex vast areas |
| | 1781 | Battle of Dogger Bank: Royal Navy defeats the Dutch |
| | 1796 | 2nd Battle of Castiglione: Austrians defeat Bonaparte, but surrender anyway. |
| | 1812 | Battle of Brownstone Creek: Tecumseh routs Col Thomas Van Horn's Americans |
| | 1830 | Algiers surrenders to the French |
| | 1832 | 1st Royal visit to a U.S. warship; USS Potomac hosts King Kamehameha III of Hawaii |
| | 1857 | HMS Agamemnon & USS Niagara commence laying the first Atlantic cable, at Valentia, Ireland |
| | 1858 | After many vicissitudes, HMS Agamemnon & USS Niagara complete first Atlantic cable |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Athens, Mo |
| | 1861 | US Army abolishes flogging |
| | 1861 | US levies first income tax; 3% on incomes over $800. |
| | 1862 | Battle of Baton Rouge, LA |
| | 1864 | Battle of Mobile Bay: Farragut "damns" the torpedoes |
| | 1873 | Massacre Creek: Sioux slay 350 Pawnee men, women, & children |
| | 1884 | Work begins at Ft. Wood, in New York harbor, for the erection of the Statue of Liberty |
| | 1898 | US and Spanish troops skirmish outside Manila |
| | 1898 | US landing party goes ashore at Cape San Juan, Puerto Rico |
| | 1898 | US troops land at Guayamo, Puerto Rico |
| | 1915 | German troops capture Warsaw |
| | 1921 | Yangtze River Patrol Force established within the Asiatic Fleet. |
| | 1936 | Berlin Olympics: Jesse Owens wins his third medal |
| | 1940 | Nazis blow up the Zandvoortse Synagogue, Netherlands |
| | 1942 | Blockade running Japanese submarine I-30 arrives at L'Orient, France. |
| | 1942 | Japanese convoy leaves Rabaul with reinforcements for Buna. |
| | 1942 | Japanese superbattleship Musashi is commissioned. |
| | 1943 | Soviet forces liberate Orel & Belgorod |
| | 1944 | TF 58 raids Iwo Jima and Chichi Jima. |
| | 1945 | China: Chinese forces recapture Tanchuk and Hsinning |
| | 1947 | India and Pakistan become independent, and promptly go to war |
| | 1963 | Britain, US, & USSR sign a limited nuclear test ban treaty |
| | 1964 | US begins bombing of North Vietnam |
| 6 | 761 | Battle of Aedwiresclif: King Moll of Northumbria defeats King Oswine of Deira |
| | 910 | Battle of Tettenhall: King Edward the Elder of Wessex defeats the Danes |
| | 1187 | Saladin takes Beirut |
| | 1284 | Naval Battle of Meloria: Genoese defeat the Pisans |
| | 1534 | Turkish corsair Khairaidin Barbarossa sacks Fondi |
| | 1623 | Battle of Stadtlohn: Tilly's Imperials defeat Christian of Brunswick |
| | 1623 | Maffeo Barberini elected Pope as Urban VIII (1623-1644) |
| | 1734 | Austrian-held Gaeta (invested July 15), surrenders to Carlo IV of Naples |
| | 1780 | Battle of Hanging Rock: Tarleton’s dragoons annihilate an American column – Andrew Jackson (13) becomes a P/W |
| | 1806 | Holy Roman Empire is dissolved |
| | 1813 | Battle of Caracas: Columbian patriots under Bolivar defeat the Spanish |
| | 1825 | Bolivia gains independence from Peru |
| | 1848 | HMS Daedelus spots a sea serpent in the South Atlantic |
| | 1862 | CSS Arkansas is blown up to prevent capture by US |
| | 1864 | Rebels evacuate Ft Powell, Mobile Bay |
| | 1870 | Battle of Spicheren: Prussians force French to retreat |
| | 1870 | Battle of Worth: Prussians defeat outnumbered French in eight hour fight |
| | 1914 | Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia |
| | 1914 | Serbia declares war on Germany |
| | 1914 | The first air raid of WWI: German Zeppelins bomb Antwerp. |
| | 1916 | Sixth Battle of the Isonzo begins (to Aug 16) |
| | 1918 | Ferdinand Foch promoted to Marshal of France |
| | 1927 | Bombs explode in two NYC subway stations, one dead, many injured. |
| | 1930 | "Where is Judge Crater?" - Joseph F. Crater disappears forever. |
| | 1937 | Spanish Nationalists shell Madrid for the first time |
| | 1942 | MacArthur creates the New Guinea Force, under Aussie Gen Thomas Blamey. |
| | 1943 | New Georgia: U.S. troops pursue Japanese forces into the interior. |
| | 1943 | U.S. engineers begin to repair the Munda airstrip. |
| | 1943 | Vella Gulf: "Tokyo Express" bound for Kolombangara loses 3 of 4 DDs. |
| | 1944 | German counter attack at Avranches fails |
| | 1944 | Japanese troops advance on Hengyang, against heavy Chinese resistance. |
| | 1944 | Lodz, Poland: Nazis begin deportation of 70,000 Jews to Auschwitz |
| | 1944 | US aircraft begin raiding the Philippines from bases in New Guinea. |
| | 1945 | A-Bomb destroys Hiroshima, over 75,000 die. |
| | 2001 | Pres. Bush briefed on threat of Al Qaeda air hijackings (See 9/11) |
| | 2002 | The Marquis de La Fayette, already an honorary citizen of several states, is made an hornorary U.S. citizen |
| 7 | 480 | BC Thermopylae [Alt] |
| | 768 | Consecration of Pope Stephen III [IV] (768-772) |
| | 1297 | Battle of Lochmabe: Henry Percy defeats the Scots |
| | 1316 | Jacques d'Euse is elected Pope as John XXII (1316-1334) |
| | 1479 | Battle of Guinegate: Emperor Maximilian I defeats King Louis XI of France |
| | 1495 | Worms: the Diet abolishes private warfare in the Holy Roman Empire |
| | 1498 | Pope Alexander VI grants his son Cesare Borgia dispensation from Holy Orders, provided he forfeit ecclessiastical benefices totalling 35,000 gold florins annually |
| | 1594 | Battle of the Biscuits: Irish defeat English, who abandon their rations |
| | 1750 | Slave uprising in Curacao |
| | 1760 | Ft Loudon, Tennessee, surrenders to Cherokee Indians |
| | 1777 | Americans win two day battle at Oriskany, New York |
| | 1782 | George Washington creates the Badge of Military Merit - the Purple Heart |
| | 1789 | US War Department established |
| | 1819 | Battle of Boyaca: Bolivar defeats Spanish in Colombia |
| | 1830 | Louis Philippe becomes "Citizen-King" of France (1830-1848) |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Hampton, Va |
| | 1897 | Anglo-Egyptian-Sudanese force captures Abu Hamed. |
| | 1914 | Germans under Ludendorf capture Liege |
| | 1938 | Nazis seize Innsbruck University theological faculty |
| | 1940 | Churchill recognizes de Gaulle as head of the Free French |
| | 1941 | Kishnev, Romania: 551 Jews are shot by local fascists |
| | 1942 | Guadalcanal: 1st Marine Div lands light resistance |
| | 1942 | Japanese convoy bound for Buna is recalled to Rabaul. |
| | 1942 | Tulagi: 1st Marine Div captures the island against fierce resistance |
| | 1942 | US warships bombard Kiska for the first time. |
| | 1943 | U.S. troops on New Georgia break Japanese resistance. |
| | 1944 | "Trial" of anti-Hitler "July Plot" conspirators begins |
| | 1944 | Light cruiser Nagara is sunk in Japanese waters by sub Croaker. |
| | 1956 | British order three aircraft carriers to Egypt |
| | 1964 | US Congress approves Gulf of Tonkin Resolution |
| | 1990 | Operation Desert Shield: First American troops reach Saudi Arabia |
| | 1998 | Islamists bomb US embassies in Nairobi & Dar es Salaam, 224 die, c. 5,500 wounded |
| 8 | 70 | Jewish Revolt: Romans destroy the Tower of Antonia |
| | 870 | Treaty of Mersen: Charles II & Louis the German, sons of Louis I of the Franks, divide his kingdom |
| | 1588 | English fleet battles Spanish Armada |
| | 1589 | Battle of Las Palmas: Spanish beat off an English assault |
| | 1647 | Battle of Dunganhill: English rout Irish rebels |
| | 1676 | Great Fire of Boston: 160 buildings destroyed |
| | 1692 | Steenkerke: William III defeated by the French under the Duke of Luxembourg |
| | 1806 | French Marshal Massena crushes Neapolitan forces at Lauria |
| | 1812 | Battle of Inkovo: Russians defeat the French |
| | 1813 | US Schooners Hamilton & Scourge founder in a storm on Lake Ontario |
| | 1814 | Anglo-American Peace negotiations begin in Ghent, Belgium |
| | 1815 | Napoleon is put on a ship bound for St Helena |
| | 1831 | Battle of Hasselt: Dutch drive out Belgian Army |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Lovettsville, Va |
| | 1864 | Red Cross formed in Geneva |
| | 1890 | Daughters of the American Revolution formed |
| | 1896 | Three Italian-Americans lynched in St. Charles Parish, La. |
| | 1898 | Skirmishing along the Guayamo-Cayey Road, Puerto Rico |
| | 1918 | Alvin York captures "the whole damned German Army" |
| | 1925 | 40,000 Klansmen march in Washington |
| | 1929 | German airship Graf Zeppelin begins a round-the-world flight |
| | 1940 | Battle of Britain begins |
| | 1942 | Guadalcanal: Marines capture the unfinished airstrip. |
| | 1942 | Japanese air raids on Guadalcanal |
| | 1942 | Russian counter-offensive at Voronezh under Marshal Timoshenko |
| | 1943 | Fighting continues around Munda, New Georgia |
| | 1943 | Nazis initiate vegetables & fruit rationing in the Netherlands |
| | 1944 | China: Japanese troops finally take Hengyang, against stiff resistance. |
| | 1945 | Harry S Truman signs UN Charter |
| | 1945 | USSR declares war on Japan. |
| | 1953 | Russia's Georgi Malenkov reports possession of hydrogen bomb |
| | 1983 | BrigGen Efrain Rios Montt deposed as president of Guatemala |
| | 1988 | Cease fire ends the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) |
| | 1988 | Russian troops begin pulling out of Afghanistan after 9 year war |
| | 1988 | SecState Wm Shultz escapes assassination in Bolivia |
| | 1988 | South Africa declares cease-fire in Angola |
| | 1990 | Iraq annexes Kuwait |
| | 2000 | Confederate submarine Hunley raised after 136 years on the bottom |
| 9 | 48 | BC Battle of Pharsalus: Caesar crushes Pompey |
| | 378 | Battle of Adrianople: devastating Roman defeat by the Visigoths |
| | 1160 | Battle of Cassano d'Adda/Carcano: Emperor Frederick II Barbarossa is defeated by the Lombard League |
| | 1238 | Pope Gregory IX formalizes the duties of military chaplains. |
| | 1386 | Battle of Sempach: Swiss defeat the Hapsburgs |
| | 1391 | Rioters in Barcelona kill c. 300 Jews |
| | 1604 | Treaty of London: Spain & England make peace |
| | 1648 | French land in Naples to support Masaniello's Rebellion |
| | 1673 | Third Anglo-Dutch War: Dutch fleet captures New York (lose it again in '74) |
| | 1675 | Construction begins on the Greenwich Observatory, London |
| | 1678 | Indians sell Jonas Bronck some real estate north of Manhattan |
| | 1757 | English Ft William Henry, NY, surrenders to French & Indians |
| | 1778 | Captain Cook reaches Cape Prince of Wales, Bering Straits |
| | 1790 | Columbia completes America's first circumnavigation, Boston-Boston in 3 years |
| | 1815 | Stephen Decatur negotiates a treaty ending hostilities with Tripoli |
| | 1842 | Webster-Ashburton Treaty: US-Canada border & naval anti-Slavery Patrol established |
| | 1849 | Hungarian Republic crushed by Austria & Russia |
| | 1855 | Mexican War of Reform: Battle of Acapulco |
| | 1862 | Battle of Cedar Mountain/Slaughter Mountain/ Southwest Mountain, Va |
| | 1864 | Battle of Ft Morgan, Al |
| | 1865 | USNA returns to Annapolis after four years at Newport |
| | 1898 | Battle of Coamo, P.R.: US, c. 12 casualties, Spain c. 200 |
| | 1898 | Skirmishing along the Guayamo-Cayey Road, Puerto Rico |
| | 1898 | US landing party again raids Cape San Juan, Puerto Rico |
| | 1918 | D'Annunzio leads nine a/c in a 700 mile round-trip raid to leaflet Vienna |
| | 1919 | Construction of airship Shenandoah (ZR-1) authorized. |
| | 1936 | Jesse Owens wins a 4th gold medal at the Berlin Olympics |
| | 1942 | 200 Jews escape Mir Ghetto in Poland |
| | 1942 | Battle of Savo Island: Japanese cruisers smash Allied ships north of Guadalcanal |
| | 1942 | British arrest the Mahatma; detain him into 1944 |
| | 1942 | Chinese forces defeat a Japanese offensive in Kiangsi Province. |
| | 1942 | First performance of Shoshtakovich's "Leningrad Symphony" in Leningrad, still besieged by the Germans |
| | 1945 | Red Army begins a massive offensive in Manchuria. |
| | 1945 | Second Atomic Bomb is dropped on Nagasaki, c. 30,000 die |
| | 1945 | Third Fleet aircraft raid northern Honshu and Hokkaido. |
| | 1974 | Richard Nixon resigns the presidency, VP Gerald Ford becomes 38th pres |
| | 1985 | Former naval officer Arthur J. Walker convicted of spying for the USSR |
| | 1989 | Gen. Colin Powell becomes Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff |
| | 2001 | Palestinian suicide bombing in a Jerusalem pizzeria, 15 die, c. 90 injured |
| 10 | 70 | Titus’ Roman troops burn the Jewish Second Temple |
| | 654 | Election of St Pope Eugene I (654-657) |
| | 991 | Battle of Maldon: Anglo-Saxons hold the Danes |
| | 1405 | Battle of Haverfordwest: French defeat the English in Wales |
| | 1461 | Bishop Alfonso de Espina of Osma urges an Inquisition in Spain |
| | 1487 | Battle of Calliano: The Hapsburgs defeat the Venetians |
| | 1644 | The French capture Freiburg |
| | 1680 | The Pueblo Indians revolt against Spanish rule |
| | 1792 | Revolutionaries topple the state of Louis XIV in the Place Vendome |
| | 1792 | Swiss Guardsmen die protecting Louis XVI from the Paris mob |
| | 1861 | Battle of Wilson's Creek/Springfield, Mo: Confederate Victory |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Potosi, Mo |
| | 1862 | Battle of Nueces River, Tex |
| | 1869 | Battle of Caraguatay: Brazilians defeat Francisco Lopez de Solano's Paraguayans |
| | 1898 | Ambush at Hormigueras, PR: Spanish c. 145 casualties, US c. 20 |
| | 1904 | Battle of the Yellow Sea: Togo's Japanese fleet defeats the Russians |
| | 1913 | Treaty of Bucharest ends the Second Balkan War; Bulgaria loses |
| | 1916 | Turks annex the Persian city of Hamadan from Russia |
| | 1919 | Ukrainian National Army massacres 25 Jews in Podolia |
| | 1920 | The Allies recognize the independence of Poland and Czechoslovakia |
| | 1920 | Treaty of San Sevres between the Allies and Turkey |
| | 1921 | Franklin D. Roosevelt is stricken with polio |
| | 1921 | The US Navy’s Bureau of Aeronautics is formed, under RAdm William Moffett. |
| | 1942 | Guadalcanal: Marines on 2/3rds rations. |
| | 1942 | North Africa: B. L. Montgomery assumes command of the Eighth Army |
| | 1942 | Papua: Aussie Maroubra Force (c. 500) attacks along the Kokoda Trail |
| | 1942 | U.S. sub sinks Japanese CA Kako, retiring from the Battle of Savo I. |
| | 1943 | New Georgia: surviving Japanese troops flee into the interior. |
| | 1943 | Patton slaps Pvt Paul G. Bennett, 17th Field Artillery Battalion, at the 90th Evac Hospital, Santo Stefano, Sicily |
| | 1944 | Guam: Organized Japanese resistance ends |
| | 1945 | Japan says it will surrender if the status of the emperor is unchanged |
| | 1945 | Japan's War Minister urges officers to obey Imperial orders. |
| | 1945 | Third Fleet aircraft raid northern Honshu and Hokkaido. |
| | 1949 | Congress creates the Department of Defense |
| | 1988 | Japanese-Americans interned during WW II awarded $20,000 each |
| 11 | 883 | Battle of Al-Mukhtara: Black Zanj Kharijite rebels defeated by Muwaffaq in southern Iraq |
| | 1162 | Battle of Cantu: Lombards skirmish with Frederick Barbarossa’s rear guards, as he retreats |
| | 1306 | Battle of Dalry: the Lord of Lorne defeats Robert I the Bruce |
| | 1480 | Ottomans capture Otranto, Naples, amid great slaughter |
| | 1492 | Rodrigo Borja [Borgia] elected Pope as as Alexander VI (1492-1403) |
| | 1576 | Plague breaks out at Milan (ends Jan 20) |
| | 1664 | Battle of Seneffe: Louis II Conde's French defeat William III's Spanish & Dutch |
| | 1718 | Battle of Cape Passero: Sir George Byng crushes a Spanish squadron off Sicily. |
| | 1804 | Abdication of the last Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Brunswick, Mo |
| | 1866 | "Empress" Carlotta of Mexico meets with Napoleon III, but fails to convince him to continue to support husband Maximilian |
| | 1909 | First use of the "SOS"; SS Arapahoe, off Cape Hatteras |
| | 1914 | France declares war on Austria-Hungary |
| | 1918 | Battle of Amiens ends, the British break the German Army |
| | 1919 | The Weimar Consitution is adopted by Germany |
| | 1929 | Russo-Chinese border clashes |
| | 1933 | Carlos de Cespedes ousts Gerard Machado as president of Cuba |
| | 1940 | German air raid on British shipping at Portland and Weymouth |
| | 1942 | Japanese Combined Fleet sails for Truk, to support operations on Guadalcanal. |
| | 1942 | SS begins murdering 3,500 Jews in Lodz, Poland |
| | 1944 | B-29s from India begin to drop marine mines throughout Southeast Asia |
| | 1945 | Allied warships shell installations in the Kuriles and on Honshu. |
| | 1990 | Egyptian & Moroccan troops reinforce Operation Desert Shield |
| | 2003 | NATO assumes command of 5,000 peacekeepers in Afghanistan |
| 12 | 1071 | Battle of Manzikert: Turks inflict a massive defeat on the Byzantines, & capture Emperor Romanus IV |
| | 1099 | Battle of Ascalon: Crusaders defeat the Fatimids |
| | 1332 | Battle of Dupplin Moor: Edward Valiol's English defeat King David of Scots |
| | 1499 | First Naval Battle of Sapienza: Turks & Venetians clash |
| | 1553 | Pope Julius III orders confiscation & burning of Jewish religious books |
| | 1554 | Battle of Renty: Imperialists defeat the French |
| | 1687 | Battle of Harkany/Mohacs: Charles V of Lorraine routs the Turks |
| | 1744 | Battle of Velletri II: Charles IV's Neapolitans defeat the Austrians |
| | 1759 | Battle of Kunersdorf: Russo-Austrian forces almost defeat Frederick the Great |
| | 1762 | The British capture Havana from the Spanish after a 54 day siege |
| | 1805 | Lewis & Clark cross the Continental Divide |
| | 1806 | Fra Diavolo lands near Salerno with 500 men, to initiate guerrilla operations against the French |
| | 1812 | Battle of Gorodeczno: French and Austrians defeat the Russians |
| | 1812 | USS Constitution captures and destroys British brig Adeona |
| | 1812 | Wellington's troops enter Madrid |
| | 1831 | Dutch forces evacuate secessionist Belgian provinces under French pressure |
| | 1862 | John Hunt Morgan's Confederate raiders capture Gallatin, Tn |
| | 1898 | Skirmish at Aibonito Pass, Puerto Rico |
| | 1898 | US Navy raids Manzanillo, Cuba |
| | 1898 | US ships exchange fire with Spanish batteries at Santiago |
| | 1905 | Pogrom at Bialystock, 36 Jews die |
| | 1914 | Battle of Haelen: Belgian Carabineers temporarily halt German advance |
| | 1914 | Great Britain declares war on Austria-Hungary |
| | 1941 | French Marshal Henri Petain gives full support to Nazi Germany |
| | 1942 | German First Panzer Armee captures Elista, southeast of Stalingrad |
| | 1942 | Guadalcanal: First US airplane reaches Henderson Field |
| | 1942 | New Guinea: Japanese convoys land reinforcements at Buna. |
| | 1942 | New Guinea: Japanese troops reach the crest of the Owen Stanley Mtns |
| | 1942 | U.S. destroyer-transports land supplies on Guadalcanal. |
| | 1943 | Kiska: USAAF bombs and USN shells suspected Japanese positions |
| | 1944 | Normandy: PLUTO (pipeline under ocean) begins operating |
| | 1944 | SS massacres hundreds of civilians at Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Tuscany |
| | 1945 | Leaflets call for Japan to surrender or face "utter devastation." |
| | 1953 | Soviet Union conducts secret hydrogen bomb test |
| | 1959 | First firing of a Polaris missile from a ship, Observation Island |
| | 1962 | Russia launches Vostok 4, with Pavel Popovich, who lands safely Aug 15 |
| | 1972 | Last American ground troops leave Vietnam |
| | 1983 | Manuel Noriega becomes commander of Panamanian Army |
| 13 | 29 | BC Day 1 of Octavian's Triumph, for the conquest of Illyria |
| | 523 | Election of Pope St. John I (523-526) |
| | 900 | Battle of Susteren: Count Ranier of Hainaut defeats King Zwentibold of Lorraine |
| | 1284 | Battle of Cape Corso: the Genoese fleet defeats the Pisans |
| | 1415 | King Henry V’s English army lands at the mouth of the Seine |
| | 1447 | Milanese establish the "Ambrosian Republic" (1447-1450) |
| | 1516 | Treaty of Noyon: France & Spain make peace over Italy, temporarily |
| | 1521 | Cortez captures Tenochtitlan from the Aztecs |
| | 1648 | French troops supporting Masaniello's Rebellion withdraw from Naples |
| | 1704 | Battle of Blenheim/Second Battle of Hochstadt: Anglo-Imperialists under Marlborough and Prince Eugene defeat the Franco-Bavarians under Tallard |
| | 1704 | Battle of Malaga: Anglo-Dutch prevent junction of French and Spanish fleets |
| | 1759 | Battle of Kunersdorf: The Russians defeat the Prussians |
| | 1762 | Havana, invested since June, surrenders to a British expedition |
| | 1777 | Americans attempt to mine a British vessel off New London |
| | 1799 | English fleet under Lord Seymour captures Surinam |
| | 1846 | CDR Robert Stockton leads an Army-Navy-Marine party to seize Los Angeles |
| | 1864 | Battles of Deep Bottom/Strawberry Plains/Fussell's Mill, Va |
| | 1870 | Armed tug Palos is the first U.S.N. ship to transit the new Suez Canal |
| | 1898 | Ambush at Las Marias, P.R.: US force inflicts heavy casualties on Spanish troops |
| | 1898 | Battle of Manila: US troops occupy the city against light resistance |
| | 1898 | Spanish-American War: Armistice declared (noon, EST) |
| | 1906 | Brownsville: Black soldiers stage mutinous protest against racism |
| | 1923 | Turkish National Congress elects Mustafa Kemal Pasha president |
| | 1937 | Japanese attack Shanghai |
| | 1941 | The Red Army evacuates Smolensk |
| | 1941 | Walter Short, Commanding General, Hawaii, says "an attack upon these islands is not impossible and . . . might not be improbable." |
| | 1942 | New Guinea: Japanese seize the pass over the Owen Stanley Mts |
| | 1943 | B-24s from Australia bomb the Balikpapan oil fields, in Borneo. |
| | 1943 | Red Army recaptures Demiansk |
| | 1943 | Scouts report few Japanese left on Vella Lavella. |
| | 1944 | Fourteenth Air Force reconnoiters Manila from Chinese bases |
| | 1945 | Air raids on Tokyo. |
| | 1945 | Okinawa: APA LaGrange is the last US ship hit in WW II, by a kamikaze |
| | 1953 | Gen of the Army Omar Bradley becomes Chairman of the JCS |
| | 1961 | Communists begin construction of the Berlin Wall |
| 14 | 29 | BC Day 2 of of Octavian's Triumph, for the victory at Actium |
| | 1040 | Battle of Torfness: Thorfinn's Danes defeat King Duncan I of Scotland |
| | 1119 | Battle of Hab: Turks defeat the Kingdom of Jerusalem |
| | 1224 | Hubert de Burgh captures Bedford Castle after a two-month siege. |
| | 1281 | "The Divine Wind" sinks the Mongol fleet off Japan |
| | 1352 | Battle of Mauron: The English & Bretons defeat the French |
| | 1385 | Battle of Aljubarotta: The Portuguese defeat the Castillians, with the aid of a lady baker |
| | 1431 | Battle of Tauss: Hussites defeat Margrave Fredrick of Brandenburg |
| | 1598 | Battle of Yellow Ford: Tyrone's Irish crush the English. |
| | 1665 | Southwold Bay: The Duke of York overwhelms a Dutch fleet |
| | 1678 | Battle of Mons: French repulse William of Orange |
| | 1702 | Battle of Luzzara: Franco-Spanish army defeats the Imperialists |
| | 1756 | French capture Fort Oswego, NY |
| | 1811 | Paraguay declares independence from Spain |
| | 1813 | HMS Pelican captures USS Argus |
| | 1824 | Lafayette begins a tour of the US |
| | 1842 | Second Florida War ends: some Seminoles removed to Oklahoma |
| | 1882 | Queen Victoria receives King Cetewayo of the Zulu |
| | 1886 | Washington Navy Yard's Naval Gun Factory established |
| | 1912 | US Marines occupy Nicaragua |
| | 1915 | German u-boat sinks British transport Royal Edward, 1,000 die |
| | 1917 | China declares war on Germany & Austria |
| | 1931 | Air Corps fails to sink target ship Mt. Shasta, Coast Guard helps out. |
| | 1937 | Near Shanghai, while attempting to bomb the old Japanese cruiser Idzumo, the Chinese Air Force damages the CA Augusta |
| | 1942 | New Guinea: Japanese land 3000 construction troops near Gona |
| | 1942 | The first American air victory in the ETO: Flying a P-38 Lt Ezra Shahan gets a Condor off Iceland |
| | 1943 | Quadrant Conference - Quebec: FDR & Churchill agree to "Operation Overlord" |
| | 1944 | Russian offensive on the Vistula |
| | 1945 | Tokyo: Atempted coup by the Imperial Guard is put down with bloodshed. |
| | 1945 | V-J Day; Japan surrenders |
| | 1949 | Military coup under colonel Sami Hinnawi in Syria |
| | 1969 | "The Troubles": British troops occupy Northern Ireland |
| | 1973 | US bombs Cambodia |
| | 2000 | Russian SSN Kursk sinks in the Barents Sea, 118 die |
| 15 | 0 | Polish Army Day |
| | 29 | BC Day 3 of Octavian's Triumph, for the conquest of Egypt |
| | 310 | BC Solar eclipse visible in Greece |
| | 717 | Arab-Barbarian hordes abandon the siege of Constantinople (from 25 Aug 716) |
| | 778 | Battle of Roncevalles: the Basques attack Charlemagne's rear guard |
| | 1040 | Battle of Elgin: MacBeth defeats King Duncan I of Scotland, & usurps the throne |
| | 1057 | Battle of Lumphanan: Malcolm Canmore [Malcolm III] defeats King MacBeth of Scotland |
| | 1097 | Battle of Consuegra: Yusuf ibn Tashfin’s Almoravids defeat Alfonso VI of Castille & Leon |
| | 1209 | Albigensians surrender Carcassone to the Crusaders (besieged since Aug 1st) |
| | 1388 | Battle of Otterbourne: Scots under James, Earl of Douglas defeat & capture Henry Hotspur’s English |
| | 1515 | Lorenzo de’Medici the Younger is created Captain General of the Florentine militia |
| | 1645 | Battle of Klisyth: Montrose's Royalists slaughter 6000 Scots Covenanters |
| | 1760 | Battle of Leignitz/The Katzbach: Frederick defeats Austrians |
| | 1799 | Battle of Novi: Austro-Russians defeat the French |
| | 1845 | U.S. Naval Academy is established at Ft Severn, Annapolis |
| | 1848 | Battle of Luino: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians |
| | 1854 | Anglo-French fleet bombards the Russian defenses at Bomersund in the Baltic |
| | 1863 | Submarine CSS Hunley arrives in Charleston by rail |
| | 1864 | CSS Tallahassee captures 6 U.S. schooners off New England |
| | 1895 | Second class battleship Texas commissioned; sunk as target, 1911 |
| | 1920 | Battle of Warsaw: Marshal Jozef Pilsudzki leads the Polish Army to rout the Soviet Red Army at the gates of Warsaw, ending the Soviet-Polish War (1918-1920) |
| | 1940 | Hitler’s first “D-Day” for Operation Sea Lion |
| | 1941 | Kovono Lithuanian Jews are herded into Slobodka ghetto |
| | 1942 | I-6, last Japanese submarine in the Aleutians, is withdrawn. |
| | 1942 | U.S. transports land supplies at Guadalcanal |
| | 1943 | Elms 25th Inf Div land on Vella Lavella, opposed on by Japanese a/c. |
| | 1943 | Kiska: U.S. and Canadian troops land with heavy naval and air support` |
| | 1944 | Operation Anvil-Dragoon: Allied troops land in Provence |
| | 1945 | Hirohito's surrender message is broadcast to the Japanese people. |
| | 1945 | Japanese a/c raid TF 38, 12 hours after Hirohito's surrender order |
| | 1945 | US wartime rationing of gasoline & fuel oil ends |
| | 1973 | Athens: Black September bomb, 3 die, 55 injured |
| 16 | 480 | BC Leonidas reaches Thermopylae with 300 Spartans and 700 Allies |
| | 1153 | Crusaders invest Ascalon |
| | 1298 | Battle of Castello di Caprona: the Florentines (including Dante) defeat the Pisans |
| | 1513 | Battle of the Spurs: Henry VIII routs the French |
| | 1717 | Austrians break Turkish siege of Belgrade against enormous odds |
| | 1777 | Battle of Bennington, Vt: Americans defeat British |
| | 1778 | French surrender Pondicherry to the British |
| | 1780 | Battle of Camden: British decisively defeat Americans |
| | 1812 | Gen. Isaac Hull surrenders Detroit & Michigan territory to England |
| | 1819 | "Peterloo Massacre" - British troops fire on protesters at Manchester, 11 die |
| | 1854 | Anglo-French forces capture Bomarsund, on the Baltic, from the Russians |
| | 1855 | Battle of the Tchernaya: Russians fail to break Franco-Sardinian lines |
| | 1859 | Giuseppe Garibaldi assumes command of the Army of the Italian League, formed by the provisional governments of Florence, Modena, Parma, and Bologna |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Fredericktown & Kirkville, Mo. |
| | 1864 | Battle of Front Royal, Va |
| | 1866 | Battle of Condino: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians |
| | 1907 | Abd al-Hafid ousted as sultan of Morocco |
| | 1914 | Adolf Hitler joins the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry |
| | 1914 | Battle of Mt. Cher begins: Serbs repel an Austrian invasion by the 19th. |
| | 1914 | Emiliano Zapata & Pancho Villa capture Mexico City |
| | 1916 | Sixth Battle of the Isonzo ends (from Aug 6) |
| | 1918 | US troops capture Archangelsk |
| | 1934 | US ends occupation of Haiti, begun in 1915 |
| | 1942 | Ichiki Detachment (c. 1000) sails from Truk for Guadalcanal |
| | 1942 | Japanese land reinforcements at Buna, in northwestern New Guinea |
| | 1943 | 4th Marine Div is activated at Camp Pendleton |
| | 1943 | BB Yamato arrives at Truk after a long refit. |
| | 1943 | US troops encounter stiff resistance on Baanga I., near New Georgia |
| | 1943 | Vella Lavella: 25th Infantry Div encounters moderate resistance. |
| | 1945 | Soviet troops land on South Sakhalin. |
| | 1946 | Calcutta: Muslim-Hindu rioting, 3000-4000 die |
| | 1948 | Palestine: Arabs blow up Latrun pumping station |
| 17 | 682 | Consecration of Pope Leo II (681-683), later canonized |
| | 753 | BC The Rape of the Sabine Women |
| | 1424 | Battle of Vereuil: Greatly outnumbered English defeat the French |
| | 1505 | Florence’s mercenary army under Antonio Giacomini defeats the Venetian condottiere Bartolomeo d'Alviano, who was attempting to relieve the siege of Pisa |
| | 1549 | Battle of Sampford Courtney: Lord Russell defeats the Earl of Arundel |
| | 1787 | Hungary grants Jews permission to pray in groups |
| | 1795 | Slave revolt begins in Curaçao |
| | 1807 | Robert Fulton's steamboat begins its first voyage from Albany to New York |
| | 1808 | Napoleon seeks troops for Spain from brother King Louis of Holland |
| | 1812 | First Battle of Pulotsk, Day 1: French v. Russians |
| | 1812 | US frigate President captures British schooner L'Adeline |
| | 1843 | Herman Melville enlists in the USS United States |
| | 1846 | CDR Robert F Stockton declares California annexed to the US |
| | 1862 | The "Great Sioux Uprising" begins in Minnesota |
| | 1863 | Federal batteries & ships bombard Fort Sumter |
| | 1891 | Battle of Lugalo/Zelewski’s Defeat: Wehehe tribesmen virtually wipe out a column of c. 400 German troops and askaris in German East Africa |
| | 1914 | Battle of Stalluponen: Germans defeat the Russians in East Prussia |
| | 1915 | German troops overrun Kovno, Lithuania |
| | 1916 | Bulgarian offensive in Macedonia |
| | 1917 | Soldier poets Siegfried Sassoon & Wilfred Owen meet in a military hospital |
| | 1918 | British troops capture Baku, Azerbaijan |
| | 1940 | FDR & Canadian PM William McKenzie King agree to create a joint defense commission |
| | 1940 | Greece mobilizes |
| | 1942 | First independent US bomber raid in Europe, against Rouen |
| | 1942 | Ichiki Detachment lands on Guadalcanal, at Taivu and Kokumbona. |
| | 1942 | Marine 2nd Raider Bn raids Makin Island, Gilbert I. [ends 18th] |
| | 1943 | Japanese reinforcements land on Vella Lavella, DDs beat off U.S. DDs |
| | 1943 | US troops under Gen Patton capture Messina |
| | 1943 | Wewak, New Guinea: U.S./Aussie air raid, 100 Japanese a/c destroyed |
| | 1944 | Surviving Japanese complete withdrawal from India |
| | 1945 | B-32 bombers attacked by Japanese a/c over Tokyo, without casualties. |
| | 1945 | Imperial kinsman Prince Higashikuni forms a new Japanese cabinet |
| | 1959 | Arleigh Burke is appointed to an unprecedented 3rd term as CNO |
| | 1960 | Francis Gary Powers' U-2 spy trial opens in Moscow, on his birthday |
| 18 | 480 | BC Persian host arrives before Thermopylae |
| | 1276 | Pope Adrian V - Ottobuono Fieschi (12 Jul-18 Aug 1276) |
| | 1304 | Battle of Mons-en-Peleve: The French defeat the Flemings |
| | 1462 | Battle of Troia: Ferrante I defeats pro-Angevin rebels, ending the Neapolitan 2nd Barons' War |
| | 1487 | Spanish liberate Malaga from the Moors. |
| | 1690 | Battle of Staffarda: French defeat the Piedmontese/Imperialists in Lombardy |
| | 1691 | Battle of Slankanem: Imperialists defeat the Turks |
| | 1812 | First Battle of Pulotsk, Day 2: French defeat the Russians, to capture the city |
| | 1838 | U.S. Exploring Expedition under Lt Charles Wilkes begins world cruise |
| | 1846 | Maj. Gen. Stephen Watts Kearney captures Santa Fe |
| | 1864 | Petersburg Campaign: Battle of Weldon Railroad begins |
| | 1866 | Battle of Pieve di Ledro: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians |
| | 1870 | Battles of Gravelotte/St. Privat/Mars-la-Tour: Prussians blockade the French in Metz. |
| | 1876 | Japanese Imperial troops drive rebels from Kogoshima |
| | 1911 | Esther Voorhees Hasson is appointed the first Sup't of the Navy Nurse Corps |
| | 1913 | Veterans of Foreign Wars is organized |
| | 1914 | Pres Wilson issues Proclamation of Neutrality |
| | 1924 | France begins removing troops from the Rhur |
| | 1942 | Japanese troops land unnoticed at Basabura, New Guinea. |
| | 1943 | Baanga: US forces capture Japanese guns shelling Munda |
| | 1943 | Nationalist Chinese charge they are being ignored by the Allies. |
| | 1944 | Sub Rasher sinks Japanese CVE Taiyo off Luzon |
| | 1945 | B-32s damaged by Japanese a/c over Tokyo, down three attackers. |
| | 1945 | Soviet troops land in the Kuriles. |
| | 1947 | Naval arsenal explosion at Cadiz, Spain, 300 die |
| | 1961 | Construction on Berlin Wall completed |
| | 1991 | Anti-reform coup in the USSR, PM Gorbachev is arrested |
| 19 | 0 | National Aviation Day |
| | 43 | BC Octavian (19) & Pedius appointed suffect Consuls |
| | 1099 | First Crusaders defeat the Saracens at Ascalon |
| | 1153 | Ascalon falls to King Baldwin III of Jerusalem |
| | 1263 | King Jaime I of Argon censors Hebrew writings |
| | 1388 | Battle of Otterburn: The Scots defeat the English |
| | 1444 | Battle of Montolmo: Muzio Attendolo Sforza defeats the League of the Porta Giovia |
| | 1458 | Enea Silvio de' Piccolomini is elected Pope as Pius II (1458-1464) |
| | 1534 | Khyar-adin Barbarossa seizes Tunis |
| | 1812 | USS Constitution takes HMS Guerriere in a celebrated fight |
| | 1818 | Capt James Biddle, USN, claims the Oregon Territory for the US |
| | 1861 | Combat at Charlestown/Bird's Town, Mo |
| | 1917 | Battle of the Bainsizza (11th Isonzo) begins (to Sep 12) |
| | 1934 | Hitler becomes Fuhrer by 95.7% of voters, in a one-man election |
| | 1936 | The Purges: Kamenev & Zinovjev tried for "Trotskyism" |
| | 1942 | Canadians take heavy casualties raiding Dieppe |
| | 1942 | German Sixth Army ordered to capture Stalingrad |
| | 1942 | Guadalcanal: 5th Marines skirmish with Ichiki Detachment. |
| | 1942 | Japanese convoys land reinforcements at Buna, NE New Guinea. |
| | 1942 | Japanese dispatch 1500 troops from Rabaul by convoy for Guadalcanal |
| | 1942 | Papua: Aussie 21st Bde leaves Port Moresby to support Maroubra Force. |
| | 1943 | Catholic Church excommunicates Belgian Nazi leader Leon Degrelle |
| | 1943 | Heavy Allied air raids on Wewak, New Guinea. |
| | 1943 | Sub I-17 sunk by U.S. a/c and N.Z. corvette Moa, Espiritu Santo |
| | 1944 | FDR sends envoy to China to reconcile Nationalists & Communists |
| | 1944 | French Resistance initiaes five days of fighting to liberate Paris |
| | 1960 | U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers convicted of spying by USSR |
| | 1978 | Islamists torch a theater in Abadan, Iran, 400 die |
| | 1981 | USS Nimitz a/c down Libyan a/c that attacked over international waters |
| | 1982 | Soyuz T-7 launched, Svetlana Savtiskaya 2nd woman in space |
| | 1986 | Car bomb explosion in Tehran, 20 die |
| | 1991 | Abortive hard-line communist coup in USSR |
| 20 | 0 | Feast of St. Bernard, Patron of Travelers |
| | 480 | BC "Go, tell the Spartans, we lie here in obedience to their orders." [Trad] |
| | 480 | BC Naval Battle of Artemesium: Greek fleet evades the Persians [Trad] |
| | 636 | Battle of the Yarmuk: After six days of fighting Arab forces under Khalid ibn al-Walid inflict a devastating defeat on the Byzantines under Heraclius, securing Syria for the Caliphate |
| | 917 | Battle of Anchialus: Simeon the Great of the Bulgars defeats the Byzantines |
| | 1119 | Battle of Bremule/Brenneville: Henry I of England defeats Louis IV of France |
| | 1499 | Second Naval Battle of Sapienza: Turks & Venetians clash |
| | 1648 | Battle of Lens: The Great Conde feigns retreat to rout a larger Austrian force |
| | 1673 | The Texel: Dutch fleet defeats an Anglo-French attempt to invade the Netherlands |
| | 1781 | Washington marches from NY to fight Cornwallis at Yorktown |
| | 1794 | Gen “Mad” Anthony Wayne routs Indians at Fallen Timbers, Ohio |
| | 1847 | Battle of Contreras: Brig Gen Franklin Pierce breaks the Mexican front |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Hawk's Nest, WVa |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Jonesboro, Ms |
| | 1866 | Pres Andrew Johnson formally declares the Civil War over |
| | 1882 | Tchaikovsky's "1812 Overture" debuts in Moscow, with help from the gunners of the Imperial Guard |
| | 1914 | Battle of Gumbinnen: Russians defeat Germans in East Prussia |
| | 1914 | German forces occupy Brussels |
| | 1915 | Italy declares war on Turkey |
| | 1918 | Britain opens offensive on Western Front |
| | 1926 | Uprising against Reza Shah Pahlavi in Persia |
| | 1935 | Coup by President Ibarra & General Pons in Ecuador |
| | 1940 | Leon Trotsky is mortally wounded in Mexico City by a Stalinist agent |
| | 1940 | Winston says, "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few" |
| | 1942 | CVE Long Island lands 31 Marine aircraft on Guadalcanal |
| | 1942 | Japanese order landing of 1500 troops at Milne Bay, southeastern Papua |
| | 1942 | Wartime dim-out begins in San Francisco |
| | 1943 | Kiska secured, as Japanese had left prior to Allied landing on the 15th |
| | 1943 | Marines take Baanga I, at a cost of 52 killed and 110 wounded |
| | 1944 | Biak I., off New Guinea, is cleared of Japanese forces after 3 months |
| | 1944 | Charles de Gaulle returns to France |
| | 1944 | Russian offensive at Iasi & Kishinev, Romania |
| | 1945 | Br recon a/c in Burma are fired upon by Japanese antiaircraft batteries. |
| | 1945 | Japanese forces in China cease fire. |
| | 1945 | Red Chinese forces occupy Kalgan, northwest of Peking |
| | 1945 | Russian troops capture Harbin & Mukden, Manchuria |
| | 1945 | Tokyo: second anti-armistice coup is supressed |
| | 1955 | Anti-French rioting in Morocco and Algeria, hundreds die |
| | 1955 | USAF Col. Horace A. Hanes' SuperSaber reaches 40,000 feet and 822.135 mph |
| | 1959 | Belgium shortens conscription to 12 months |
| | 1968 | Czechoslovakia is invaded by 650,000 Warsaw Pact troops, ending the “Prague Spring” |
| | 1978 | Gunmen open fire on an El Al bus in London |
| | 1982 | US Marines land in Beirut |
| | 1988 | IRA landmine demolishes a British military bus, 8 die |
| | 1991 | Estonia declares independence from the USSR |
| 21 | 1192 | Minamoto Yoritomo is named Shogun |
| | 1321 | 160 Jews burned at the stake in Chinon, France |
| | 1482 | Battle of Civita Latina/Campomorto (“Field of the Dead”): Roberto Malatesta’s Papal Army defeats the Neapolitans, to recover Rome for the Pope |
| | 1568 | Battle of Nijmegen: Spanish defeat the Dutch |
| | 1680 | Pueblo Indians capture Santa Fe from the Spanish |
| | 1799 | Russian Marshal Suvorov captures Alessandria, Italy, from the French |
| | 1800 | First public concert by the U.S. Marine Corps Band, Washington, DC |
| | 1808 | Battle of Vimiero: Wellington forces the French to abandon Portugal |
| | 1831 | Nat Turner initites a slave rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia |
| | 1860 | Anglo-French force captures the Taku Forts at Tientsin |
| | 1861 | James A. Garfield is commissioned Lt Col of the 42nd Ohio |
| | 1863 | Quantrill's Confederate brigands raid Lawrence, Ks |
| | 1864 | Battle of Summit Point, Va |
| | 1866 | Battle of Bezzeca: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians |
| | 1938 | Italy bars Jewish teachers in public education |
| | 1942 | Australian 18th Brigade reinforces Milne Bay. |
| | 1942 | Battle of Ibsuschenskii: Italian cavalry routes a Russian infantry regiment |
| | 1942 | German alpine troops plant the Nazi flag on Mt. Elbruz, the Caucasus |
| | 1942 | Guadalcanal – Battle of the Tenaru River: Marines crush the Ichiki Detachment on Alligator Creek |
| | 1942 | New Guinea: Japanese land reinforcements at Basabura |
| | 1942 | US DDs and APDs resupply Guadalcanal, with loss of one destroyer. |
| | 1943 | Andrei Gromyko named Soviet ambassador in Washington |
| | 1943 | Heavy Allied air raids on Wewak, New Guinea. |
| | 1943 | Japanese a/c raid shipping off Vella Lavella, with little effect. |
| | 1944 | B-29s from Ceylon begin raids on Japanese installations on Sumatra. |
| | 1945 | Pres Truman ends the Lend-Lease program |
| | 1953 | Sultan Sidi Mohammed Am Joessoef V of Morocco deposed |
| | 1983 | South Korean 747 airliner is shot own by Russian aircraft, 269 die |
| | 1987 | Marine Sgt Clayton Lonetree convicted of spying for the KGB while an embassy guard in Moscow |
| | 1991 | Communist coup is crushed in USSR after two days |
| | 1991 | Latvia declares independence from the USSR |
| 22 | 1138 | "Battle of the Standard"/North Allerton/Cowton Moor: Archbishop Thurston of York defeats King David I of Scotland |
| | 1454 | Moravia: King Ladislas expels the Jews from Bruno |
| | 1485 | Battle of Bosworth Field: Henry VII defeats Richard III |
| | 1499 | Third Naval Battle of Sapienza: Turks and Venetians clash |
| | 1642 | English Civil War begins: King Charles I takes up arms against Parliament |
| | 1707 | Daun's Austrians invest Gaeta (stormed, September 30) |
| | 1791 | Haitian Slave Revolution begins under voodoo priest Boukman |
| | 1848 | U.S. Grant marries Julia Dent, with James Longstreet in attendance |
| | 1851 | First America's Cup Race, won by the schooner America |
| | 1858 | Queen Victoria and President Buchanan exchange greetings via the Atlantic cable |
| | 1862 | Battle of Catlett's Station, Va |
| | 1862 | Santee Sioux Indians attack Fort Ridgely |
| | 1864 | Geneva Convention: 12 nations establish the International Red Cross |
| | 1877 | Nez Perce Indians flee to Yellowstone National Park |
| | 1910 | Japan annexes Korea |
| | 1942 | Army P-400s land at Henderson field from New Caledonia. |
| | 1942 | Brazil declares war on Germany, Japan, & Italy |
| | 1942 | Savo: Japanese DD Kawakaze torpedoes US DD Blue, which is towed to Tulagi. |
| | 1943 | Marines occupy undefended Nukufetau in the Ellice Islands. |
| | 1943 | Soviet troops free Karkov |
| | 1943 | U.S. destroyers shell Finschhafen, in eastern New Guinea. |
| | 1944 | Japanese abandon Ulithi in the Carolines. |
| | 1944 | Japanese counterattack on the Salween, Burma, is repelled by Chinese. |
| | 1962 | Charles De Gaulle evades an assassination attempt |
| 23 | 406 | Battle of Faesulae: Stilicho's Romans defeat the Goths |
| | 476 | Odoacer elected "King of Italy" by Germanic barbarians |
| | 1242 | Battle of Taillebourg: The French defeat the English |
| | 1268 | Conradin von Hohenstaufen defeated by the Angevins at Tagliacozzo |
| | 1328 | Battle of Cassel: The French defeat the Flemings |
| | 1328 | King Philip VI of France, crowned |
| | 1514 | Battle of Chaldiran: Gun-armed Turks defeat the Persians |
| | 1775 | George III declares that the American colonies are in a state of rebellion |
| | 1813 | Battle of Grossbeeren: von Bulow's Prussians repulse the French |
| | 1821 | Mexico declares independence from Spain |
| | 1828 | Brazil defeats Argentina in the naval battle of Chico Bank |
| | 1839 | The British capture Hong Kong |
| | 1848 | Battle of Ligurno: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians |
| | 1860 | Triumphal landing of Garibaldi in Calabria |
| | 1864 | Fall of Ft Morgan at Mobile, AL |
| | 1866 | Treaty of Prague ends Seven Weeks War; Prussian & Italy vs. Austria |
| | 1914 | Germans execute 665 civilians at Dinant, Belgium, as fancs-tireurs |
| | 1914 | Japan enters World War I against Germany |
| | 1916 | Military court in Berlin sentences Socialist Karl Liebknecht to 4 years |
| | 1929 | Palestinian Arabs attack Jews |
| | 1939 | Nazi-Soviet Pact: Hitler and Stalin agree to cooperation in the plundering of Europe |
| | 1940 | The Luftwaffe begins night raids on London |
| | 1942 | Battle of Stalingrad begins |
| | 1942 | Damaged U.S. destroyer Blue is scuttled at Tulagi. |
| | 1942 | Japanese cruisers and destroyers shell Nauru. |
| | 1942 | Nocturnal Japanese destroyer raid on Henderson Field |
| | 1942 | US 40th Infantry Div departs San Francisco for Hawaii. |
| | 1942 | US recon a/c spot Japanese force intent on reinforcing Guadalcanal |
| | 1943 | Japanese sub I-25 reconnoiters Espiritu Santo with a small scout plane. |
| | 1943 | Red army recaptures Karkov |
| | 1944 | 6th Marine Div begins forming on Guadalcanal. |
| | 1944 | Franco-American troops liberate Marseilles |
| | 1944 | Romania liberated from Nazi occupation, King Michael abdicates |
| | 1945 | Soviet troops occupy Paramushiro, in the Kuriles. |
| | 1948 | Count Bernadotte asks aid for fugitives to Palestine |
| | 1990 | Armenia declares independence from the Soviet Union |
| | 1992 | Neo-Nazis riot in Rostock, Germany |
| 24 | 79 | Mt Vesuvius does its thing |
| | 410 | Alaric's Visigoths begin a polite three-day sack of Rome |
| | 1179 | Saladin besieges Castle Chastelet (falls, 29th) |
| | 1246 | Kuyuk becomes Kakhan of the Mongols |
| | 1346 | Battle of Blanquetaque: The English defeat the French |
| | 1349 | Blamed for the plague, 6,000 Jews are killed in Mainz |
| | 1349 | Jews of Cologne set themselves on fire to avoid forced baptism |
| | 1391 | Massacred of Jews in Palma, Majorca, |
| | 1412 | Venetians defeat the Hungarians at Matta, Friulia |
| | 1415 | Portuguese capture Ceuta, Morocco, from the Moors |
| | 1503 | Guidobaldo da Montefeltre recaptures San Leo from Cesare Borgia |
| | 1516 | Battle of Marg Dabir: The Turks defeat the Mamlukes to conquer Egypt |
| | 1569 | Battle of Orthez: The French Huguenots defeat the French Catholics |
| | 1572 | St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre: French Catholics slaughter Protestants |
| | 1632 | Battle of Altendorf: Gustavus Adolphus loses to the Imperialists |
| | 1704 | Naval battle off Malaga |
| | 1789 | 1st Battle of Ruotsinaslami/Svenksund: Russian fleet defeats Swedes |
| | 1814 | The British burn Washington, after Sir George Cockburn eats Pres. Madison's dinner in the White House |
| | 1868 | Paraguayan fortress of Humaita surrenders to the Brazilian fleet. |
| | 1904 | Battle of Liao-Yang; Japanese defeat Russians |
| | 1921 | Battle of Sakara begins between Turkey & Greece |
| | 1921 | British airship R-38 crashes in the Humber; 44 die |
| | 1929 | Palestinians attack orthodox Jews in Jerusalem |
| | 1937 | Spanish Republican offensive at Belchite |
| | 1940 | Liberty magazine begins serial "Lightning in the Night," which opens with a Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor |
| | 1941 | British and Soviet troops invade Iran |
| | 1942 | Eastern Solomons: Saratoga a/c sink Ryujo; damaged Enterprise lands 11 dive bombers on Henderson Field. |
| | 1942 | Nocturnal Japanese destroyer shelling of Henderson Field |
| | 1942 | SNLF troops land in the Goodenough Islands, off northeastern New Guinea. |
| | 1943 | Lord Louis Mountbatten named Supreme Allied Commander, Southeast Asia. |
| | 1944 | Br Far Eastern Fleet carriers raid Padang, in southwestern Sumatra. |
| | 1945 | Red Chinese forces occupy Chefoo and Wei-hai-wei. |
| | 1949 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) established |
| | 1970 | Anti-war protesters bomb U of Wisconsin's Army Math Research Center, 1 dies |
| | 1991 | Gorbachev resigns as head of Communist Party of the USSR |
| | 1991 | Ukraine declares independence from USSR |
| 25 | 716 | Arab-Barbarian hordes lay siege to Constantinople (retire, 15 Aug 717) |
| | 1212 | Children's Crusaders reach Genoa |
| | 1261 | Michael VIII Palaeologus captures Constantinople, restoring the Byzantine Empire |
| | 1499 | Fourth Naval Battle of Sapienza: Turks defeat the Venetians, to begin the conquest of the Morea |
| | 1537 | King Henry VIII charters the “Ancient and Honourable Artillery Company” of London |
| | 1580 | Battle of Alcantara: Spain defeats and annexes Portugal |
| | 1689 | Montreal taken by the Iroquois |
| | 1722 | Indians raid settlements along the Kennebec River, Maine, initiating the "Three Years’ War" |
| | 1734 | Battle of Bitonto: Charles of Borbon-Parma defeats the Austrians to make himself King of Naples |
| | 1758 | Battle of Zorndorf: Frederick the Great defeats the Russians |
| | 1759 | British capture Ft Niagara from the French |
| | 1825 | Uruguay declares independence from Brazil |
| | 1825 | USMA Cadet Jefferson Davis penalized for imbibing, and on the Sabbath |
| | 1830 | Belgium revolts against the Netherlands |
| | 1862 | US SecWar authorizes Gen Rufus Saxton to arm 5,000 slaves |
| | 1864 | Petersburg Campaign: Battle of Ream's Station |
| | 1867 | Battle of Monterotondo: the Papal Army defeats the Garibaldini |
| | 1914 | Namur surrenders to the Germans |
| | 1921 | US signs peace treaty with Germany |
| | 1937 | Japanese fleet blockades Chinese coast |
| | 1940 | First RAF night bombing raid on Berlin |
| | 1941 | English & Russian troops begin occupation of pro-German Iran |
| | 1941 | German troops capture Novgorod, near Leningrad |
| | 1942 | DD Mutsuki sunk by B-17s; the only known high altitude airplane kill of an underway warship |
| | 1942 | Marine & Navy a/c attack Japanese reinforcing squadron near Guadalcanal. |
| | 1942 | SNLF troops land at Milne Bay, but are contained. |
| | 1943 | Australian 5th Div goes into action on the Salamaua front in New Guinea. |
| | 1943 | Red Army recaptures Smolensk |
| | 1943 | US forces land on New Georgia in Solomon Islands |
| | 1944 | Paris liberated from Nazi occupation |
| | 1944 | U.S. troops defeat Japanese in the Aitape region, New Guinea |
| | 1945 | Nationalist Chinese forces liberate Nanking. |
| | 1957 | Prince Suvanna Phuma forms govt in Laos, with Pathet Lao |
| 26 | 55 | BC Julius Caesar invades Britain |
| | 846 | Moslem raiders sack the Vatican, but are repulsed from the walls of Rome |
| | 1139 | Afonso the Conqueror is proclaimed first King of Portugal (1139-1185) |
| | 1221 | Battle of Mansura: Ayyubids defeat the Crusaders |
| | 1260 | Guelfs capture San Zeno after a 6 month siege, to bag Alberigo da Romano and his family |
| | 1278 | Battle of Durnkurut: The Habsburgs defeat the Bohemians |
| | 1278 | Battle of the Marchfeld: Rudolf of Habsburg defeats Ottokar II |
| | 1346 | Battle of Crecy: English longbows defeat the French |
| | 1549 | Battle of Dussindale: The Earl of Warwick defeats Robert Kett |
| | 1652 | Naval battle off Plymouth |
| | 1775 | First Congressional action on veterans' benefits |
| | 1782 | French fleet captures Trincomalee from the British |
| | 1813 | Battle of Dresden, Day 1: Austro-Russo-Prussians attack Napoleon |
| | 1813 | Battle of Pirna: The French Defeat the Prussians |
| | 1813 | Battle of the Katzbach: The French Defeat the Prussians |
| | 1839 | USS Washington seizes the Spanish ship Amistad, manned by self-liberated slaves, off Montauk Point |
| | 1848 | Battle of Morazzone: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians |
| | 1861 | Combat at Cross Lanes/Summerville, WVa |
| | 1863 | Battle of Rocky Gap WVa (White Sulphur Springs) |
| | 1883 | Krakatoa erupts, kills 36,000 |
| | 1914 | Battle of Le Cateau: desperate British rear-guard action against the Germans |
| | 1914 | Battle of Tannenberg: German Eighth Army defeats Russian Narev Army |
| | 1915 | German troops capture Brest-Litovsk, Russia |
| | 1917 | Arturo Toscanini, 53, conducts an Italian army band under fire to celebrate the capture of Monte Santo, on the Bainsizza Plateau |
| | 1937 | Franco's Nationalists capture Santander |
| | 1939 | Belgium undertakes a preventive mobilization |
| | 1942 | Australian troops at Milne Bay stoutly resist Japanese landing force. |
| | 1942 | Japanese troops occupy Nauru Island |
| | 1942 | Ramgarh, India: US opens a training center for Chinese troops, to be flown over the Hump |
| | 1942 | Russian counteroffensive begins at Moscow |
| | 1942 | Vichy French police round up 7,000 Jews |
| | 1943 | Italian sub Torelli reaches Sumatra, with critical materials |
| | 1943 | U.S. bombers in China attack Japanese installations in Hong Kong. |
| | 1944 | De Gaulle marches up the Champs-Elyses to Notre Dame |
| | 1944 | Filipino guerrillas receive orders for the coming battle for liberation. |
| | 1945 | Soviet troops occupy Matsuma, in the southern Kuriles. |
| | 1978 | Albino Luciani is elected Pope as John Paul I (26 Aug - 28 Sep 1978) |
| 27 | 413 | BC Eclipse prevents the escape of the Athenians from Syracuse |
| | 479 | BC Battle of Mycale: Greeks crush the Persians in Ionia [Trad] |
| | 479 | BC Battle of Plataea: Greeks crush the Persians in Boeotia [Trad] |
| | 1130 | Pope Innocent II grants Sicily to Count Ruggero II of Calabria, when he conquers it |
| | 1189 | King Guy of Jerusalem besieges Acre |
| | 1626 | Battle of Lutter: Tilly's Imperials defeat Christian of Denmark |
| | 1634 | Battle of Nordlingen: Gustavus Adolphus defeats the Imperialists |
| | 1758 | British capture Fort Frontenac, forcing the French out of Pennsylvania |
| | 1776 | Battle of Brooklyn/Long Island: British defeat the Americans |
| | 1781 | Battle of Pollicore: outnumbered British defeat Mysore |
| | 1810 | French magazine explodes in Almeida, causing heavy casualties |
| | 1813 | Battle of Dresden, Day 2: Napoleon defeats the Allies |
| | 1813 | Battle of Leitskau: Prussians crush French force |
| | 1816 | Lord Exmouth's allied British-Dutch-Spanish-Italian fleet bombards Algiers into giving up piracy, yet again |
| | 1828 | Uruguayan independence recognized by Brazil and Argentina |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Ball's Cross Roads, WVa |
| | 1861 | Union amphibious force takes Ft Clark, Cape Hatteras |
| | 1862 | Battle of Cub Run, Va |
| | 1896 | England defeats Zanzibar in a 38 minute war (0902-0940) |
| | 1914 | Battle of Heligoland Bight: Royal Navy defeats the German light forces |
| | 1916 | Romania declares war on Austria-Hungary |
| | 1920 | Dedication of the Altar to Liberty, in Greenwood Cemetery, to commemorate the Battle of Brooklyn |
| | 1928 | Kellogg-Briand Pact: 60 nations agree that war is naughty |
| | 1932 | International anti-war congress opens in Amsterdam |
| | 1942 | Cuba declares war on Germany, Japan, & Italy |
| | 1942 | Guadalcanal: 5th Marines raid Kokumbona |
| | 1942 | Japanese reinforcements land at Milne Bay, against stout Aussie resistance |
| | 1943 | Elms 43rd Inf Div land on Arundel Island in the Solomons, unopposed. |
| | 1943 | German-Croatian coup seizes Slovenia from Italian occupiers |
| | 1943 | Germans begin systematic massacres of Italian troops in the Balkans |
| | 1944 | Br 2nd Sub Flotilla reaches Ceylon. |
| | 1945 | Over 41,000 Japanese surrender on Morotai and Halmahea |
| | 1945 | Third Fleet enters Sagami Bay, south of Tokyo Bay. |
| | 1945 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for General Charles de Gaulle. |
| | 1945 | US troops begin landing in Japan after the surrender |
| | 1958 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for CDR William Anderson & the crew of the USS Nautilus |
| | 2002 | Sukhoi Su-27 crashes at the Lviv airshow, 85 die, c. 100 injured |
| 28 | 51 | BC Cicero reviews his army at Iconium |
| | 1105 | Third Battle of Ramalah: Crusaders defeat the Fatimids |
| | 1238 | Jaime I of Aragon liberates Valencia from the Moors |
| | 1364 | Battle of Cascina: Florentines ambush Pisans while they are bathing in the Arno |
| | 1397 | Battle of Governolo: Anti-Visconti League defeats the Visconti |
| | 1434 | Battle of Castel Bolognese: The Visconti defeat the Anti-Visconti League |
| | 1512 | Papal-Spanish Army captures Prato from the Florentines amid great slaughter. |
| | 1513 | Battle of Norham: King James IV of Scotland defeats the English |
| | 1619 | Ferdinand II elected Holy Roman Emperor (1619-1637) |
| | 1640 | Battle of Newburn: Scots defeat English to capture Newcastle |
| | 1652 | Naval Battle of Plymouth: de Ruyter's Dutch defeat the English |
| | 1739 | Battle of Stavuchany: Russians drive the Turks into the Danube. |
| | 1812 | Treaty of Abo: Prince Bernadotte of Sweden & Tsar Alexander of Russia ally against Napoleon |
| | 1861 | Union forces invest Ft. Hatteras, NC, which falls the next day |
| | 1862 | Battle of Thoroughfare Gap, Va |
| | 1862 | Rebel spy Belle Boyd released from the Old Capitol Prison |
| | 1867 | Capt William Reynolds takes possession of Midway for the US |
| | 1916 | Germany declares war on Romania |
| | 1916 | Italy declares war on Germany |
| | 1938 | Mauthausen concentration camp opens in Austria |
| | 1939 | First successful jet flight, by a Heinkel He 178 |
| | 1939 | The Netherlands undertakes a preventive mobilization |
| | 1939 | The Royal Navy quietly issues mobilization orders |
| | 1940 | French colonies of Cameroon & Congo throw in with de Gaulle’s Free French |
| | 1942 | "Tokyo Express" lands reinforcements on Guadalcanal. |
| | 1942 | BB Washington enters the Pacific via the Panama Canal. |
| | 1942 | Milne Bay: Aussie & US troops beat off Japanese attacks. |
| | 1943 | Elms 43rd Div advance on Arundel against light Japanese resistance. |
| | 1943 | General strike against Nazi-occupiers in Denmark |
| | 1943 | Marines occupy Nanomea in the Ellice Islands unopposed. |
| | 1944 | B-24 raid on the Kuriles, Japanese Submarine Chaser No. 77 is sunk. |
| | 1944 | LSM-270 commissioned at Newark, under Ens. Owen R. Meredith, USNR |
| | 1986 | Former Navy WO Jerry Whitworth convicted of spying for the USSR |
| | 1988 | Ramstein air show: Italian stunt jets collide, 70 die |
| | 1990 | Iraq declares Kuwait its 19th province |
| 29 | 1014 | Battle of Kleidion: Basil II slaughters the Bulgars, blinds 15,000 more |
| | 1179 | Castle Chastelet, invested on the 24th, falls to Saladin |
| | 1219 | Fifth Crusade: Damietta (Egypt), falls to the Moslems after a 17 month siege |
| | 1261 | Jacques Pantaléon is elected Pope as Urban IV (1261-1264) |
| | 1315 | Battle of Montecatini: The Pisans defeat the Florentines & Neapolitans |
| | 1350 | Battle of Winchelsea: English defeat a Spanish mercenary fleet in French service |
| | 1475 | Treaty of Picquigny: Settles Anglo-French tensions, for a time |
| | 1484 | Giovanni Battista Cibò elected Pope as Innocent VIII (1484-1492) |
| | 1526 | Battle of Mohacs: Lajos II of Hungary loses to Sultan Suleiman II of the Turks |
| | 1612 | Battle of Kringellen: Scots in Swedish service crush Norwegians. |
| | 1622 | Battle of Fleurs: Palatinate Germans routed by the Spanish |
| | 1693 | Battle of Landen: costly French victory over the Allies |
| | 1708 | French & Indians destroy Haverhill, Mass, |
| | 1782 | English warship Royal George capsizes at Spithead, 900 die |
| | 1842 | Treaty of Nanking: First Opium War ends |
| | 1848 | Irish uprising at Tipperary is crush by the British |
| | 1861 | Confederates surrender Ft Hatteras, NC, besieged since the 28th |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Lexington, Mo |
| | 1862 | Battle of Aspromonte: Italian royal forces defeat Garibaldi |
| | 1862 | Second Battle of Bull Run/Manassas/Gainesville/Bristoe Station |
| | 1916 | Chinese troop transport Hsin-Yu collides with cruiser Hai-Yung, 1000 die |
| | 1916 | Hindenburg replaces Falkenhayn as German chief-of-staff |
| | 1939 | Chaim Weizmann informs England that Palestine Jews will fight in WW II |
| | 1939 | Einstein writes to FDR about the A-Bomb |
| | 1942 | Australian 21st Brigade relieves the Maroubra Force on the Kokoda Trail |
| | 1942 | BB Yamato arrives at Truk, where she will swing at anchor for 7 months |
| | 1942 | Guadalcanal: "Tokyo Express" lands elmts Japanese Kawaguchi Detachment |
| | 1942 | Japanese cruisers attempt to support SNLF at Milne Bay with little success |
| | 1944 | 15,000 American troops march down the Champs Elysee |
| | 1944 | China: Japanese launch 11 division offensive against Kwelin & Liuchow. |
| | 1945 | 4th Marines land at Yokosuka Naval Base |
| | 1945 | British liberate Hong Kong from Japan |
| | 1945 | Japanese forces in Southeast Asia surrender to the British. |
| | 1949 | USSR explodes its first atomic bomb |
| | 1956 | France sends troops to Cyprus in the Suez Crisis |
| | 1958 | Air Force Academy moves to new facilities at Colorado Springs |
| | 1990 | C-5 transport plane crashes at Ramstein AFB, Germany, killing 13 |
| | 1997 | Islamic militants murder over 300 people in an Algerian village |
| 30 | 536 | Athalaric becomes King of the Ostrogoths |
| | 1125 | Election of Lothair I as King of Germany. |
| | 1258 | Battle of Corticella d'Ogli: The Veronese defeat the Brescians |
| | 1464 | Pietro Barbo is elected Pope as Paul II (1464-1471) |
| | 1563 | Jews expelled from Neutitschlin, Moravia |
| | 1645 | Treaty of Peace between New Netherlands & the Indians |
| | 1748 | British begin two month siege of Pondicherry (fails) |
| | 1757 | Battle of Gross Jägersdorf: Russians defeat the Prussians, but retreat anyway |
| | 1780 | Benedict Arnold promises to betray West Point to the British |
| | 1781 | Battle of the Chesapeake: French fleet defeats the Royal Navy, sealing the fate of Yorktown |
| | 1813 | Battle of Kulm: Russo-Prussians defeat the French |
| | 1842 | Battle of Ghoaine: British defeat the Afghans. |
| | 1856 | John Brown raids Osawatomie, Kansas, 5 die |
| | 1862 | Battle of Altamont: Confederates beat Union forces in Tennessee |
| | 1862 | Battle of Richmond, Ky: Kirby Smith's Rebs defeat Horatio Wright's Yanks |
| | 1888 | Lord Walsingham kills 1070 grouse in a single day |
| | 1916 | Wilhelm II makes Paul von Hindenburg Chief of the General Staff |
| | 1918 | Czechoslovakia proclaims independence from Austria-Hungary |
| | 1918 | Fanya Kaplan shoots Lenin, unfortunately only wounds him; is later shot |
| | 1932 | Hermann Goring elected chairman of the Reichstag |
| | 1936 | USS Kane(DD-235) near-missed by a bomb from Spanish Nationalist aircraft which mistook her for a Republican vessel |
| | 1937 | Near Shanghai the Chinese Air Force mistakes the liner President Hoover for a Japanese ship, inflicting light damage. |
| | 1939 | Poland mobilizes |
| | 1941 | Nazis begin Siege of Leningrad |
| | 1942 | Egypt: Rommel begins the Battle of Alam Halfa |
| | 1942 | Guadalcanal: U.S. DDs and APDs land reinforcements, lose one ship. |
| | 1942 | Nazi Germany annexes Luxembourg |
| | 1942 | Papua: Japanese abandon landings at Milne Bay, but press forward on the Kokoda Trail |
| | 1942 | U.S. troops land on unoccupied Adak Island, in the Aleutians. |
| | 1944 | 6th Infantry Div completes movement from San Francisco to Hawaii |
| | 1944 | Soviet troops enter Bucharest, Romania |
| | 1945 | 11th Airborne Div flies into Atsugi Airfield, Japan |
| | 1945 | Gen MacArthur arrives in Japan |
| | 1945 | Surface combatants of TF 38 enter Tokyo Bay. |
| | 1951 | US-Philippines mutual defense treaty signed |
| | 1956 | White rioters block enrollment of blacks at Mansfield HS, Texas |
| | 1961 | Last Spanish troops leave Morocco |
| | 1991 | Azerbaijan declares independence from the USSR |
| | 2007 | The Governor of Virginia pardons Gabriel Prosser and 34 others, hanged at Richmond for “servile insurrection” this date in 1800 |
| 31 | 30 | BC Skirmish outside Alexandria: Antony wins a small victory over Octavian, in the last battle of the Roman Civil Wars |
| | 257 | Accession of Pope St. Sixtus II (31 Aug 257-6 Aug 258) |
| | 1346 | Edward III of England besieges Calais |
| | 1378 | Massacre of the Ciompi (revolutionary cloth workers) at Florence. |
| | 1423 | Battle of Cravant: French defeated by the Anglo-Burgundians |
| | 1449 | Guelf insurrection at Florence. |
| | 1546 | Battle of Ingolstadt: Imperialists defeat the Schamlkaldic League |
| | 1642 | Venice, Tuscany, Parma, & Modena form an alliance against Pope Urban VIII, to restore Odoardo Farnese to the Duchy of Castro |
| | 1644 | Battle of Fowey: Cornish Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians |
| | 1778 | British troops kill 17 Stockbridge Indians in the Bronx |
| | 1842 | US Naval Observatory authorized by an act of Congress |
| | 1842 | USN Bureaus created - "CNOs come and go, but the Bureaus go on forever" |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Munson's Hill, Va |
| | 1864 | Atlanta Campaign: Battle of Jonesborough |
| | 1888 | Jack the Ripper begins his work |
| | 1900 | British troops capture Johannesburg |
| | 1907 | England, Russia, & France form Triple Entente |
| | 1915 | Reservist Benito Mussolini is called up for service in the Great War |
| | 1923 | Italian troops occupy Corfu |
| | 1935 | "Shock Worker" Aleksei Stakhanov (1903-1977), allegedly digs 102 tons in 6 hours, at the Central Irmino Coal Mine |
| | 1935 | FDR signs an act prohibiting export of US arms to belligerents |
| | 1940 | "Free Netherlands," an underground resistance newspaper, begins publication, while the German occupiers initiate soap rationing |
| | 1942 | Santa Cruz I.: CV Saratoga torpedoed by Japanese sub I-26 |
| | 1943 | Aussie 9th Div sails from Milne Bay for landing near Lae, NE New Guinea. |
| | 1943 | Japanese occupiers intern Jewish Congregation of Sorabaya |
| | 1943 | U.S. troops occupy Baker I, Central Pacific. |
| | 1944 | Allied offensive against the Gothic Line in Italy |
| | 1944 | Chinese forces in north Burma and south China approach linkup |
| | 1944 | MacArthur declares declares Noemfoor secured; fighting continues. |
| | 1949 | The 83rd - and last - GAR encampment, 6 of the 14 remaining members attend |
| | 1963 | Moscow-Washington "Hot Line" established |
| | 1991 | Kyrgyzistan declares independence from the USSR |
| | 1994 | The last Russian toops in Germany are withdrawn |
