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August Military History
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Born
| 1 | 10 | Claudius, Roman Emperor (AD 41-54) | | | 126 | Publius Helvius Pertinax, Roman Emperor (Jan 1-Mar 28, AD 193), murdered 193 | | | 1520 | Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lituania (1548–1572) | | | 1770 | William Clark, of the "Corps of Exploration" , d. 1838 | | | 1779 | Francis Scott Key, of "The Star Spangled Banner", d. 1843 | | | 1814 | Maxcy Gregg, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d/w 1862 | | | 1815 | Richard Henry Dana, Jr., sailor, attorney, author ("Two Years Before the Mast"), d. 1882 | | | 1819 | Herman Melville, sailor, war poet, author ("White Jacket"), d. 1891 | | | 1843 | Robert Todd Lincoln, Capt, U.S.V., SecWar, d. 1926 | | | 1890 | King George II of Greece (1922-1924 & 1935-1947), d. 1947. | | 2 | 1696 | Sultan Mahmud I of Turkey (1730-54) | | | 1785 | Oliver Hazard Perry, who "met the enemy" on Lake Erie, d. 1819 | | | 1826 | William Denison Whipple, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1902 | | | 1868 | King Constantine I of Greece (1913-1917 & 1920-1922), brilliant commander, d. 1923. | | | 1932 | Peter O'Toole, actor ("Lawrence of Arabia") | | 3 | 1770 | King Frederick Wilhelm III of Prussia (1797-1840) | | | 1816 | John Eugene Smith, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897 | | | 1820 | William Miller, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1909 | | | 1823 | Thomas Francis Meagher, Brig Gen, U.S., Irish Patriot, d. 1867 | | | 1824 | William Burnham Woods, Bvt Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1887 | | | 1867 | Stanley Baldwin, British PM (1923-24, 1924-29, 1935-37), appeaser, d. 1974 | | | 1872 | King Haakon VII of Norway (1905-57) | | | 1900 | Ernie Pyle, noted war correspondent, kia Ie Shima, Okinawa, 1945 | | | 1924 | Leon Uris, marine, novelist ("Battle Cry"), d. 2003 | | 4 | 1521 | Giambattista Castagna - Pope Urban VII (15-27 Sep 1590) | | | 1610 | Johan Evertsen the Elder, Admiral of Zeeland, d. 1666 | | | 1816 | Israel Vogdes, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1889 | | | 1818 | Lovell Harrison Rousseau, Maj Gen, U.S.. d. 1869 | | | 1859 | Knut Hamsun, Norwegian novelist, Nazi collaborator. D. 1952 | | | 1873 | Dámaso Berenguer y Fusté, Count of Xauen, Spanish general and historian. D. 1953 | | | 1912 | Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish diplomat, one of the Righteous, honorary American, d. 1947 | | 5 | 1749 | Thomas Lynch, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1779 | | | 1818 | Carnot Posey, Brig Gen, C.S.A., died of wounds, 1863 | | | 1829 | Milo Smith Hascall, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1904 | | | 1850 | Guy de Maupassant, Volunteer of 1870, author ("Ball of Fat"), d. 1893 | | | 1930 | Neil Armstrong, who later took a "small step" | | | 1957 | Andrei Yevgeniyevich Zaitsev, cosmonaut | | | 1957 | Pavel Vinogradov, Russia, cosmonaut | | 6 | 1697 | Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor (1742-45) | | | 1775 | Louis-Antoine of France, Dauphin of France and Duke of Angoulême, King Louis XIX of France and Navarre (for part of Aug 2, 1830), French general, pretender to the Bourbon throne, d. 1844 | | | 1809 | Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson, poet ("The Charge of the Light Brigade"), d. 1892 | | | 1811 | Judah Philip Benjamin, Confederate statesman, d. in 1884 | | | 1819 | Samuel Perry "Powhatan" Carter, Maj Gen & Rear Adm, US, d. 1891 | | | 1861 | Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt, wife to TR, mother of soldiers, d. 1948 | | | 1917 | Robert Mitchum, actor ("GI Joe"), d. 1997 | | 7 | 317 | Flavius Julius Constantius II, Roman Emperor (337-361) | | | 1742 | Nathanael Greene, second only to Washington, d. 1786 | | | 1829 | Thomas Ewing Jr, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1896 | | | 1833 | Powell Clayton, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1914 | | | 1836 | Evander McIvor Law, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1920 | | | 1876 | Mata Hari, executed 1917 | | 8 | 1812 | John Rodgers II, naval officer, U.S., d. 1882 | | | 1819 | Charles Anderson Dana, Asst SecWar, d. 1897 | | | 1820 | Winfield Scott "Old Swet" Featherstone, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1835 | James William Forsyth, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1906 | | | 1839 | Nelson Appleton Miles, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1925 | | | 1879 | Emiliano Zapata, Mexican revolutionary, murdered 1919 | | | 1948 | Svetlana Y. Savitskaya, 2nd woman in space (Soyuz T-7) | | 9 | 1782 | Sir Charles James Napier, British general who once said “Peccavi – I have Sinned”, d. 1853 | | | 1808 | William Thomas Ward, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1878 | | | 1823 | Daniel Marsh Frost, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1900 | | | 1824 | Simon Goodell Griffin, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1902 | | | 1888 | Hans Oster, German general, anti-Nazi conspirator, executed 945 | | | 1944 | Sam Elliot, actor ("Gettysburg") | | 10 | 1296 | Jean the Blind of Luxembourg, King of Bohemia (1309-1346), kia, 1346 | | | 1397 | King Albert II von Hapsburg of Germany (1438-1439) | | | 1763 | Jean Victor Moreau, French revolutionary general, kia 1813 in Russian serivce | | | 1772 | Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill, Peninsular general, d. 1842 | | | 1810 | Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, sometime soldier, the "Brain” of Italian Unification, d. 1861, three months after unification | | | 1814 | John Clifford Pemberton, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1881 | | | 1823 | Charles Thomas Campbell, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895 | | | 1874 | Herbert C. Hoover, President (1929-1933), d. 1964 | | 11 | 1832 | Thomas Ogden Osborn, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1904 | | | 1882 | Rodolfo Graziani, inept Italian general, Viceroy of Ethiopia, d. 1955 | | | 1892 | Wladyslaw Anders, Polish general-in-exile, d. 1970 | | | 1902 | Christian Marie Ferdinand de la Croix de Castries, French general, who lost at Dien Bien Phu, d. 1991 | | | 1921 | Alex Haley, Coastguardsman, author ("Roots"), d. 1992 | | 12 | 1503 | King Christian III of Denmark & Norway (1534-59) | | | 1762 | King George IV of England (1820-30) | | | 1819 | Daniel Davidson Bidwell, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864 | | | 1829 | John Horace Forney, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1902 | | | 1833 | William Price Sanders, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1863 | | | 1904 | Tsarevich Aleksei, murdered, 1918 | | | 1909 | Maurice Heath, air marshal | | 13 | 615 | Servius Tullius, sixth King of Rome (578-534 BC) | | | 1489 | Francesco Ferrucci, condottiero, Captain of Florence, kia 1530 | | | 1907 | Alfried Felix Alwyn Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, arms manufacturer, war criminla who got over, d. 1967 | | | 1918 | Denis Smallwood, British air chief marshal, d. 1997 | | | 1927 | Fidel Castro Ruz, lousy ballplayer, dictator of Cuba (1959-2006) | | 14 | 1740 | Barnaba Chiaramoni - Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) | | | 1774 | Meriwether Lewis, of the Lewis & Clark Expedition, d. 1809 | | | 1814 | Henry Hayes Lockwood, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1899 | | | 1821 | Clement Hoffman "Rock" Stevens, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1824 | William Terry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1888 | | | 1876 | King Alexander I Obrenovic of Yugoslavia (1922-34), assassinated in 1934 | | 15 | 1688 | King Frederick William I of Prussia (1713-1740) | | | 1769 | Napoleone Bounaparte, Corsican adventurer, d. 1821 | | | 1771 | Sir Walter Scott, novelist ("Ivanhoe") | | | 1823 | Orris Sanford Ferry, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1832 | | | 1878 | Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel, Russian "White Guard" Leader, d. 1928 | | | 1888 | Thomes E. Lawrence "of Arabia", d. 1935 | | | 1912 | Julia Child, OSS agent, chef, d. 2004 | | 16 | 1622 | Tsjerk de Vries, Dutch admiral,d/w, this date 1666 | | | 1828 | Joseph Bradford Carr, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895 | | | 1831 | Edward Payson Chapin, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1863 | | | 1892 | Harold Foster, cartoonist (“Tarzan,” "Prince Valiant"), d. 1982 | | | 1913 | Menachem Begin, terrorist, Israeli PM (1977-83), 1978 Peace Nobelist, d. 1992 | | | 1923 | Shimon Peres, Israeli PM (1984-1986, 1995-1996), President (2007-) | | 17 | 1629 | King John I of Poland (1674-1696) | | | 1786 | David Crockett, frontiersman, k. 1836 | | | 1819 | James Henry Van Alen, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1886 | | | 1844 | Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia (1896-1913) | | | 1876 | Henri G. Winkelman, Dutch Supreme Commander, 1940, d. 1952 | | | 1887 | Charles I, last Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary (1916-18), d. 1922 | | | 1887 | Marcus Garvey, fascistic African nationalist, d. 1940 | | | 1914 | Franklin D Roosevelt, Jr., naval officer, d. this date in 1998 | | | 1929 | Francis Gary Powers, U-2 pilot, d. 1977 | | 18 | 1587 | Virginia Dare | | | 1813 | Benjamin Alvord, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1884 | | | 1818 | William Farquhar Barry, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1879 | | | 1830 | Franz Josef, Emperor of Austria (1848-1916), King of Hungary (1868-1916), etc, etc. | | | 1917 | Casper Weinberger, sometime soldier, budget cutter who became SecDef (1981-87), d. 2006 | | 19 | 232 | M. Aurelius Probus, Roman Emperor (276-282) | | | 1711 | Edward Boscawen, British admiral, who captured Louisbourg, d. 1761 | | | 1815 | John Porter McCown, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1879 | | | 1831 | Stephen Gano Burbridge, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1894 | | | 1871 | Orville Wright, aviation pioneer, d.1912 | | | 1878 | Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina, First President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, ,d. 1944 | | | 1883 | Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel, stylish Nazi collaborator, d .1971 | | | 1921 | Gene Roddenberry, B-17 Pilot, creator of "Star Trek", d 1991 | | 20 | 1778 | Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, Chilean patriot, d. 1842 | | | 1802 | Cadwalader Ringgold, naval officer, U.S., d. 1867 | | | 1811 | Gilman Marston, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1890 | | | 1824 | Absalom Baird, Brig Gen, U.S, d. 1905 | | | 1832 | Thaddeus Sobieski Constantine Lowe, Civil War balloonist, d. 1913 | | | 1833 | Benjamin Harrison, sometime colonel, 70th Indiana, Preisdent (1889-1893), d. 1901 | | | 1941 | Slobodan Miloševich, President of Serbia (1989-1997), the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1997-2000), war criminal | | 21 | 1165 | King Philip II Augustus of France (1179-1223), the first Capetian | | | 1579 | Henri II, Viscount, later Duke of Rohan, French soldier & Huguenot leader, d. 1638 | | | 1643 | Afonso VI, insane king of Portugal (1656-67) | | | 1670 | James FitzJames, the Duke of Berwick, bastard son of James II and Arabella Churchill, later Marshal of France, kia 1734 | | | 1765 | William IV of Great Brtian (1830-1837), the first "Sailor King" | | | 1810 | Thomas Jefferson McKean, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1870 | | | 1821 | William Barksdale, Brig Gen, C.S.A.,d. in 1863 | | | 1824 | John Sanford Mason, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897 | | | 1880 | Johan H Westerveld, leader of the Nazi OD | | 22 | 1760 | Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Giralamo Nicola della Genga - Pope Leo XII (1823-1829) | | | 1822 | George Stoneman, Maj Gen, US, cavalryman, d. 1894 | | | 1827 | Joseph Anthony Mower, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1870 | | | 1834 | Nathaniel Harrison Harris, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1836 | Archibald M Willard, artist ("The Spirit of '76"), d. 1918 | | | 1854 | King Milan Obrenovich of Serbia (1882-1889), military reformer, d 1901 | | | 1898 | Stephen Vincent Benet, poet ("John Brown's Body"), d. 1943 | | | 1902 | Bertha Helene Amalie “Leni” Riefenstahl, Nazi film maker("Triumph of the Will"), d. in 2003 | | | 1904 | Deng Xiaoping, Chinese communist dictator (1976-1983), d. 1997 | | | 1919 | Alan Cathcart, 6th Earl Cathcart, British general, d. 1999 | | | 1934 | Norman Schwarzkopf | | 23 | 1740 | Tsar Ivan VI of Russia (1740-41) | | | 1754 | King Louis XVI of France (1774-92), dated Mdm. Guillotine in 1792 | | | 1818 | Rufus Ingalls, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1893 | | | 1832 | Alexander Chambers, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1888 | | | 1864 | Eleftherios Venizelos, PM of Greece (1910-1920, 1928-1932), d. 1936 | | | 1923 | John Eisenhower, soldier, historian ("The Bitter Woods") | | | 1935 | Brendan Jackson, British air marshal | | 24 | 1113 | Count Geoffrey V of Anjou, the first "Plantagenet", d. 1151 | | | 1750 | Letitia Ramolino Buonaparte, mother of Napoleone, d. 1847 | | | 1759 | William Wilberforce, England, anti-slavery crusader, d. 1833 | | | 1808 | Benjamin G. Humphreys, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1882 | | | 1808 | Thomas F. Drayton, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1891 | | | 1827 | Walter H. Stevens, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1867 | | | 1828 | George "Maryland" Steuart, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1903 | | | 1865 | Ferdinand I, Prince (1887–1908) and Tsar of Bulgaria (1908–1918), d. 1948 | | | 1886 | William Francis Gibbs, naval architect (liners America & United States, and most of the WW2 fleet), d. 1967 | | 25 | 1109 | Afonso "the Conqueror" - first King of Portugal (1139-1185) | | | 1530 | Tsar Ivan IV "the Terrible" (1533-84) | | | 1786 | King Ludwig I of Bavaria (1825-1848), friend to Lola Montez, d. 1868 | | | 1811 | Joseph D. Webster, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1876 | | | 1812 | Percival Drayton, naval officer, U.S., d. 1865 | | | 1819 | Allan Pinkerton, detective, inept Union spymaster, d. 1884 | | | 1823 | John Newton, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1895 | | | 1825 | Henry W. Birge, Brig Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1888 | | | 1845 | "Mad" King Ludwig II of Bavaria (1864-86) | | | 1938 | Frederick Forsyth, putchist, novelist ("The Dogs of War"), d. 2001 | | 26 | 1596 | Frederick V Elector Palatine (1610–23), King Frederick I of Bohemia (1619–20) – the “Winter King” – d. 1832, having helped touched off the Thirty Years’ War | | | 1676 | Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford,the first “prime minister), d. 1745 | | | 1740 | Joseph-Michel Montgolfier, France, with his brother Jacques-Étienne, co-inventor of ballooning, d. 1810 | | | 1802 | Mariano Arista, general and President of Mexico (1851-1853), d. 1855 | | | 1811 | Danville Leadbetter, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1866 | | | 1819 | Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Consort to Queen Victoria, d.1861 | | | 1833 | Charles Jackson Paine, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1916 | | | 1835 | Theodore Washington Brevard, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1892 | | | 1838 | John Wilkes Booth, assassin, heartthrob, assassin, k. 1865 | | | 1901 | Maxwell D Taylor, sometime commander, 101st A/B Div, d. 1987 | | 27 | 1545 | Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma, Piacenza, etc. (1586-92), condottiero, Governor of the Netherlands, d. 1592 | | | 1666 | Tsar Ivan V of Russia (1682-89) | | | 1824 | Hiram Gregory Berry, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1863 | | | 1826 | Frank Stillman Nickerson, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1832 | James Alexander Walker, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901 | | | 1839 | Emory Upton, Maj Gen, U.S.V., military theorist, d. 1881 | | | 1869 | Karl Haushofer, German soldier, geopolitician, d. 1946 | | | 1889 | C.S. Forester, novelist ("Horatio Hornblower"), d.1966 | | | 1908 | Lyndon B Johnson, naval officer, President (1963-1969) | | | 1910 | Mother Teresa, d. 1997 | | | 1912 | Peter Gretton, British vice admiral, d. 1992 | | | 1916 | Martha Raye, who also served, d. 1994 | | | 1930 | John Watts, sometime British Chief of Omani Armed Forces | | | 1932 | Lady Antonia Fraser, biographer ("Wellington") | | 28 | 1592 | George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham, murdered 1628 | | | 1798 | Gershom Jaques Van Brunt, naval officer, U.S. d. 1863 | | | 1828 | Count Leo Tolstoy, soldier, novelist ("War and Peace"), d. 1910 | | | 1828 | William Alexander Hammond, Brig Gen, d. 1900 | | 29 | 1387 | King Henry V of England (1413-22), Victor of Agincourt | | | 1619 | Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV’s Minister of Finance (1665-1683), d. 1683 | | | 1809 | Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., physician, poet ("Old Ironsides"), d. 1894 | | 30 | 1334 | King Pedro "the Cruel" of Castille & Leon (1350-1369), k. 1369 | | | 1748 | Jacques-Louis David, artist ("The Oath of the Horatii"), d. 1825 | | | 1772 | Henri du Vergier, comte de la Rochejaquelein, leder of the Vendee Rebellion, kia 1794 | | | 1797 | Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, author ("Frankenstein"), d. 1851 | | | 1901 | John Gunther, journalist, the "Inside" man, d. 1970 | | | 1918 | Ted Williams, Marine, outstanding baseball player, d. 2002 | | 31 | 12 | Caligula, maniacal Roman emperor (37-41) | | | 161 | Commodus, maniacal Roman emperor (180-191) | | | 1396 | Duke Philip III of Burgundy (1419-1467), friend to the English | | | 1569 | Shah Jahan, Great Mogul of India (1628-1658), d. 1666 | | | 1811 | Goode Bryan, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1885 | | | 1822 | Fitz John Porter, Maj Gen, U.S., aeronaut, d. 1901 | | | 1828 | George Leonard Andrews, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1899 | | | 1879 | Emperor Yoshihito of Japan (1912-1926) | | | 1880 | Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands (1898-1948), d. 1962 | | | 1945 | Leonid I Popov, Russia, cosmonaut |
Died
| 1 | 30 | Marc Antony, suicide at 53, expiring in Cleopatra’s arms | | | 527 | Eastern Roman Emperor Justin I (518-527), c. 77 | | | 1137 | Louis VI the Fat, King of France (1108-1137), c. 58 | | | 1190 | Count Floris III of Holland (1157-1190), c. 50 | | | 1464 | Cosimo de' Medici, 74, "Pater Patriae," at Florence | | | 1503 | Cardinal Juan de Borja Lanzol de Romaní, 67, possibly poisoned by his kinsman Cesare Borgia for his fortune | | | 1520 | Emperor Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin of the Aztec (1502-1520), of injuries sustained in a riot, aged between 40 and 55 | | | 1584 | Marcantonio II Colonna of Paliano, 49, sometime Captain General of the Papal Fleet at Lepanto, Viceroy of Sicily | | | 1589 | Fr. Jacques Clément, c. 22, slain by the King’s bodyguard, after stabbing Henri III, who would die the next day | | | 1714 | Queen Anne of England (1701-1714), 49 | | | 1720 | Sir John Leake, 44, Admiral (Vélez-Málaga, defense of Gibraltar, Cabrita) | | | 1776 | Francis Salvador, c. 29, the first Jewish-American known to have been kia | | | 1946 | Andrei Vlasov, Russian general, traitor, executed at 45 | | | 1973 | Walter Ulbricht, East German communist dictator, 80 | | | 1977 | Francis Gary Powers, U-2 pilot, at 47 in a helicopter accident | | | 2009 | Maria Corazon "Cory" Aquino, 76, President of the Philippines (1986-1992) | | 2 | 9 | Publius Quinctilius Varus, c. 55, kia, the Teutobergerwald, losing three legions in the process | | | 216 | Lucius Aemilius Paullus, c. 45, Consul, plus two former consuls, 77 senators, 2 quaestors, 29 military tribunes, and c. 40,000 other Romans, kia, along with maybe 10,000 Carthaginian, African, Spanish, and Gallic troops, Cannae | | | 338 | King Archidamus III of Sparta (360–338 BC), kia, Manuria, Sicily | | | 640 | Pope Severinus (28 May-2 Aug 640) | | | 686 | Pope John V (685-686) | | | 1100 | King William II "Rufus", c. 44, by a "stray" arrow while hunting in the New Forest | | | 1589 | King Henri III of France (1573-1589), 37, of wounds from an assassination attempt the previous day | | | 1799 | Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier, 49, with his brother Joseph-Michel, co-inventor of ballooning | | | 1849 | Mehemet Ali Pasha of Egypt (1805-1848), c.80, empire builder, slave trader | | | 1876 | James Butler “Wild Bill” Hickok, 39, shot by Jack McCall while holding black aces & eights & a jack of diamonds | | | 1903 | "Calamity Jane" - Martha Jane Cannary, 51 | | | 1921 | Enrico Caruso, 48 | | | 1934 | Paul Von Hindenburg, 86, field marshal, President of German (1928-1934), leaving Germany in Hitler's hands | | | 1936 | Louis Bleriot, 64, pioneer aviator | | | 1955 | Generalfeldmarschall Rupprecht Maria Luitpold Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria, of Franconia and in Swabia, Count Palatine of the Rhine, German general, WW I, anti-Nazi, at 86 | | | 1956 | Albert Woolson, drummer boy, USV, last Civil War veteran, at 106 | | 3 | 772 | Pope Stephen III [IV] (768-772) - or the 1st | | | 1181 | Pope Alexander III - Orlando Bandinelli (1159-81), v. 80-85 | | | 1387 | Olaf Haakonsson, 17, King Olaf II of Denmark (1376-1387) & Olaf IV Norway (1380-1387) | | | 1495 | Troilo Malvezzi, Patrician of Bologna, Doctor of Canon Law, Prior of Santa Maria Madallena, murdered | | | 1530 | Francesco Ferrucci, 40, Captain of Florence, fighting against the Medici, and Philibert of Chalon, 28, Prince of Orange, Spanish Viceroy of Naples, fighting for the Medici, kia, Gavinana | | | 1578 | Sultan Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I of Fez (1576-1578), his enemy the deposed Sultan Abu Abdallah Mohammed II (1574-1576), and the latter’s ally King Sebastian of Portugal (1557-178), all kia | | | 1587 | Lamberto dei Malatesti, Count of Montecrodruzzo, decapitated at Rome | | | 1916 | Sir Roger Casement, 51, Irish nationalist, executed | | | 2008 | Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, sometime Red Army major, Soviet dissident, author (“The GULAG Archipelago), b. 1918 | | 4 | 946 | Pope Martin III | | | 1060 | King Henry I of France (1060), at 27 | | | 1265 | Simon de Montfort (57), 6th Earl of Leicester, founder of Parliament, his son Henry (27), and his kinsmen Guy Balliol, Humphrey Bohun, & William Arundel, all kia, Eversham | | | 1306 | Wenceslaus III Premyslid, 16, King of Hungary (1301-1305), of Bohemia (1305-1306), and of Poland (1305-1306). stabbed at Olmutz | | | 1430 | Philip of Saint-Pol, 26, Dke of Brabant (1327-1430) | | | 1477 | Jacques d'Armagnac, c. 44 Due de Nemours (1462-1477), beheaded by Louis XI | | | 1526 | Juan Sebastián Elcano, c. 40, first man to circumnavigate the globe | | | 1571 | Astorre Baglioni, c. 45, condottiero, kia, Famagusta, Cyprus | | | 1804 | Adam Duncan, 73, 1st Viscount Duncan, admiral, victor of Camperdown | | | 1922 | Enver Pasha, "Young Turk," kia, Turkestan, at 41 | | | 1999 | Victor Mature, Coastguardsman, actor ("Demetrius and the Gladiators"), at 84 | | 5 | 465 | King Xerxes I of Persia (485-465 BC), c. 54, murdered | | | 642 | King Oswald of Northumbria (634-642), kia at c. 38 | | | 882 | King Louis III of France (879-882), at c. 19 | | | 1063 | Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, c. 55, King of Gwynedd and Powys (1039-1055), and of all Wales (1055-1065), killed by his own troops after losing the Battle of Snowdonia | | | 1157 | Count Dirk VI of Holland (1121-1157), c. 42 | | | 1600 | John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie, c. 33, slain at Perth while attempting to murder James VI of Scots | | | 1792 | Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford, inept British PM (1770-1782) who lost America | | | 1799 | Admiral Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe, 73 | | | 1895 | Friedrich Engles, capitalist exploiter of the masses, Communist hero, at 74 | | | 1984 | Richard Burton, aviation cadet, actor ("Where Eagles Dare", etc.), at 58 | | 6 | 258 | Pope St. Sixtus II (31 Aug 257-6 Aug 258), martyred | | | 523 | Pope St. Hormisdas (514-523) | | | 966 | King Berengarius II of Italy (950–961) | | | 1162 | Count Ramon Berenguer IV "the Saint" of Barcelona (1131-1162), c. 50 | | | 1195 | Henry the Lion, c. 65, sometime Duke Henry III of Saxony (1142-1180) and as Henry XII of Bavaria (1156-1180), founder of Munich, Lübeck, and other cities | | | 1272 | Stephen V Arpad of Hungary and Croatia (1246/72-1272), Prince of Transylvania (1261–1270), Duke of Styria (1258–1260), over 35 | | | 1458 | Pope Callistus III - Alfonso de Borja (1455-1458), at 79 | | | 1666 | Heinrich de Vries, Dutch naval officer, KIA, at 43 | | | 1746 | King Christian VI of Denmark & Norway (1730-1746), 47 | | | 1820 | Maria Anna (Marie Anne) Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi, Princesse Française, Duchess of Lucca and Princess of Piombino, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Comtesse de Compignano, sister to Napoleon, at 43 | | | 1867 | Faustin-Élie Soulouque, c. 85, sometime Emperor Faustin I (1849-1859), D08061890 William Kemmler, 30, murderer, having the honor of being first man executed in the electric chair, Auburn Prison, NY | | | 1944 | Count Alfonso Casati, kia at 26 earning the Medaglia d'Oro while serving with the San Marco | | | 1973 | Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar, 72, juntero, sometime Preisdent of Cuba (1940-1944), President/Dictator (1952-1959) | | | 1978 | Giovanni Montini - Pope Paul VI (1963-1978), 75 | | | 1987 | Ira Eaker, USAAF WW II "Bomber Baron," at 91 | | | 2000 | Alec Guinness, naval officer, actor ("Bridge on the River Kwai"), at 86 | | 7 | 44 | King Herod Agrippa I the Great of Judea (39-44), c. 33, Caesarea | | | 117 | Trajan, Roman Emperor (98-117), at 65 | | | 461 | Roman Emperor Flavius Iulius Valerius Maiorianus - Majorian (Apr 457-Aug 2, 461), murdered | | | 480 | King Leonidas of Sparta, the “300,” and the other Greek heroes, slain at Thermopylae [Alt] | | | 1106 | Henry IV the Great, c. 56, sometime Holy Roman Emperor (1184-1105) | | | 1304 | Pope Bl Benedict XI - Nicholas Boccasini (22 Oct 1303-7 Jul 1304), c. 64 | | | 1941 | Bruno Mussolini, 23, son of the Duce, test flying the Piaggio 108 four-engined bomber | | 8 | 869 | King Lothar II of Middle France/Lothringia (855-869), c. 34 | | | 1048 | Pope Damasus II (17 July-8 Aug 1048) | | | 1306 | Wenceslas III, 16, King of Hungary (1301-1305), of Bohemia (1305-1306), of Poland (1305-1306), murdered. | | | 1648 | Otoman Sultan Ibrahim I "the Mad" (1640-1648), c. 33, murdered, | | | 1788 | Louis François Armand du Plessis, duc de Richelieu, 92, French marshal | | | 1942 | Six Nazi saboteurs, executed in Washington | | | 1944 | Generalfeldmarschall) Job-Wilhelm “Erwin” Georg von Witzleben, 62, anti-Nazi conspirator, hanged | | 9 | 48 | Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, 58, and thousands of others, kia at Pharsalus | | | 803 | Irene Sarantapechaina, Byzantine Empress Consort to Leo IV (775-780, Empress Mother and Regent (780-797), Empress (797-802), c. 51 | | | 1487 | Roberto Sanseverino, Count of Cajazzo & Marquis of Castelnuovo, 69, ambushed at Calliano | | | 1854 | King Frederik Augustus II of Saxony (1836-1854), at 57 | | | 1928 | Grand Duke Frederik II of Baden (1907-1918), at 71 | | | 1944 | Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, 44, aviator, resistance fighter, & author ("Le petite prince"), shot down on a routine reconaissance off the south coast of France | | | 1961 | Walter Bedell Smith, 65, Eisenhower's chief of staff in the ETO, sometime head of the CIA | | 10 | 955 | Conrad the Red, c. 33, Duke of Lorraine (944–955), Count of the Nahegau, Speyergau, & Wormsgau (942-955), kia the Lechfeld | | | 991 | Byrhtnoth, Anglo-Saxon Earl in Essex, kia at Maldon. | | | 1250 | King Erik IV of Denmark (1241-1250), c. 35 , murdered | | | 1535 | Cardinal Ippolito de'Medici, 24, soldier, lover of Giulia Gonzaga de Colonna, of poison, at Itri | | | 1584 | Hercule François, Duke of Anjou and Alençon, 29 who might have married Gloriana | | | 1759 | King Ferdinand VI the Wise of Spain (1746-1759), at 46 | | | 1822 | General Sir Samuel Auchmuty, c. 66, native New Yorker, British general, victor at Montevideo, CinC Ireland | | | 1945 | Robert Goddard, inventor of the liquid-fueled rocket, 62 | | 11 | 353 | Emperor-Aspirant Magnentius (350-353), suicide at Lugdunum after repeated defeats by Constantius II | | | 1241 | Ögedei Khan, c 55, son of Ghinghiz, second Great Khan of the Mongols (12191241) | | | 1259 | Möngke Khan, c. 50, fourth Great Khan of the Mongols (1251-1259) | | | 1456 | John Hunyadi, c. 55-56, Voivode of Transylvania (1441-1456), Captain-General (1444–1446) and then Regent of Hungary (1446–1453), father of Mathias Corvinus | | | 1480 | Bishop Stefano Argercolo De Pendinellis of Otranto, sawn in half by Mohammed the Conqueror for refusing conversion to Islam, while hundreds of local clergy and citizens are beheaded for the same crime | | | 1689 | Pope Bl. Innocent XI - Benedetto Odescalchi (1676-1689), at 78 | | | 1975 | Anthony C. McAuliffe, who once had occasion to say "Nuts!", at 77 | | 12 | 30 | Cleopatra VII, 39, asped | | | 238 | The Gordiani, Roman co-Emperors (Mar 22-Aug 12, 138): Gordian II (c. 46), kia outside Carthage, and his father, Gordian I (c. 78), suicide at Carthage on hearing the news | | | 1350 | King Philip VI de the Fortunate of France (1328-1350), c. 57 | | | 1484 | Pope Sixtus IV - Francesco della Rovere (1471-1484), 70 | | | 1676 | Metacom – “King Philip” – Sachem of the Wampanoag(1662-1676), shot by Colonial militiaman John Alderman, a “Praying Indian,” | | | 1811 | Sir John Francis Edward Acton, 6th Baronet Acton, Tuscan admiral, Neapolitan Minister of War & Marine (1778-1804), at 75 | | | 1914 | John Philip Holland, 74, Fenian, submarine designer | | | 1935 | MajGen Tetsuzan Nagata, 51, murdered in his headquarters by “Imperial Way” fanatic Lt Col Saburo Aizawa | | | 1964 | Ian Fleming, British officer and novelist ("James Bond"), at 56 | | | 1982 | Henry Fonda, sometime naval officer, at 77 | | | 1990 | USAF SSGT John Campisi, struck by a truck - the first American to die in the Gulf War | | 13 | 582 | East Roman Emperor Flavius Tiberius Constantinus Augustus - Tiberius II (574-582), c. 60, at Constantinople | | | 662 | Maximus Confessor, c. 62, Greek theologian, civil servant, soldier, crusader, in exile in Georgia | | | 875 | Holy Emperor Louis II (855-875), King of Italy (844-875), c. 50, at Milan | | | 900 | King Zwentibold of Lorraine (895-900), at c. 29 | | | 1447 | Duke Filipo Maria Visconti of Milan (1412-1447), 54, the last of a blood thirsty line | | | 1860 | Danilo I Petrovich-Njegoš, 34, Prince-Bishop (1851–1852), later Prince of Montenegro (1852–1860), assassinated | | | 1910 | Florence Nightingale, 90, “The Lady with the lamp" | | | 1946 | H. G. Wells, author (“The Land Ironclads”), pacifist, wargamer, at 79 | | | 2004 | Julia Child, master chef, OSS operative, at 91. | | 14 | 1433 | King John I of Portugal (1383-1433), at 76 | | | 1464 | Pope Pius II - Enea Silvio de' Piccolomini (1458-1464), 58 | | | 1482 | Count Palatine Marc’Antonio Malvezzi, condottiero, kia in Neapolitan service | | | 1936 | Rainey Bethea, hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky, the last public execution in the U.S. | | | 1941 | Josef Jakobs, 43, German spy, the last man executed in the Tower of London | | 15 | 423 | Flavius Honorius, 38, inept Roman Emperor (395-423) | | | 465 | Roman Emperor Libius Severus (Nov 461-Aug 15, 465), possibly poisoned | | | 778 | Roland, kia at Roncevalles | | | 1057 | Mac Bethad mac Findlaích- Macbeth, King of the Scotls (1040–1057), slain by the future Malcolm III | | | 1118 | Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus (1081–1118), 70 | | | 1380 | Vettor Pisani, 56, Venetian admiral | | | 1388 | James, 2nd Earl of Douglas (1358–1388), c. 30 , kia, Otterbourne | | | 1528 | Odet de Foix, c. 43, Vicomte de Lautrec, Marshal of France, of plague on campaign in Italy | | | 1636 | Marquis Ranuccio Pallavicino, Captain of Imperial Cuirassiers, kia Rottofreddo | | | 1935 | Will Rogers, 55, and Wiley Post, 36, airplane accident, Point Barrow | | | 1975 | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, 1st President of Bangladesh (1971–1972), PM (1972-1975) in a military coup | | | 1992 | Giorgio Perlasca, 82, Italian anti-fascist diplomat who saved 5,200 Jews in Hunargy | | | 2003 | Jannie Brandes-Brilleslijper, Dutch Resistance fighter, friend to Anne Frank. | | 16 | 1153 | Bernard de Tramelay, 4th Master of the Templars, kia, Ascalon | | | 1675 | Bogdan Chmilnicki - Bohdan Zynoviy Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky, c. 62, Cossack hetman, who murdered 300,000 Jews | | | 1870 | Charles Ardant du Picq, 60, French soldier, author ("Battle Studies"), kia at Gravelotte | | | 1921 | King Peter I Karadjordjevic of Serbia (1903-1918) and of the Serbs, Croats, & Solvenes (1918-1921), 77 [8/26 NS] | | | 1945 | Vice Admiral Takihiro Onishi, 54, founder of the Kamikaze, on a mission | | | 1949 | Margaret Mitchell, 48, novelist ("GWTW"), a day after being hit by a taxi | | | 1959 | Fleet Admiral William F. Halsey, 76 | | | 2002 | Abu Nidal (Sabri al-Banna), Palestinian terrorist, suicide (b. 1937) | | | 2003 | Idi Amin, 78, maniacal dictator/president of Uganda (1971-1979), in bed, unfortunately | | 17 | 310 | Pope St Eusebius (Apr 18-Aug 17, 310 - or possibly 309) | | | 1373 | Ambrogio Visconti, condottiero, Lord of Pavia, assassinated at 30 | | | 1553 | Duke Charles III the Good, of Savoy (1504-1556) | | | 1657 | Robert Blake, English “general at sea” at c. 58 | | | 1786 | King Frederick II "The Great" of Prussia (1740-86), 74 | | | 1877 | F.P. Cahill, Billy the Kid's first victim | | | 1915 | Leo Frank, 31, Jewish businessman, lynched in Georgia | | | 1962 | Peter Fechter, 18, shot by East German border guards at the Berlin Wall | | | 1987 | Rudolph Hess, Nazi, suicide at 93, after 46 years in Allied custody | | | 1988 | FDR Jr, sometime naval officer, on his 74th birthday | | | 1988 | Pakistani President Mohammad Zia ul-Haq, 64, and US Ambassador to Pakistan Arnold Raphel, 45, plane crash | | 18 | 472 | Count Ricimer, Romano-Barbarian general, emperor-maker, at c. 67 | | | 1227 | Genghis Khan, c. 65, Khakan of the Mongols (1206–1227), noted mass murderer, in bed | | | 1276 | Pope Hadrian V (Jul 11-Aug 18, 1276), c. 60 | | | 1500 | Alfonso d'Aragona, 19, husband to Lucrezia Borgia, wounded on Jul 15th, "not having died of his wounds, was found strangled in his bed," by order of Cesare Borgia | | | 1503 | Pope Alexander VI - Rodrigo Borja [Borgia] (1492-1503), 72 – abysmal pontiff | | | 1510 | Sir Edmund Dudley, & Sir Richard Empson, ministers to Henry VII, executed on Tower Hill | | | 1559 | Pope Paul IV - Giovanni Pietro Caraffa (1555-1559), 83 | | | 1746 | Arthur Elphinstone, 6th Lord Balmerino, c. 58, and William Boyd. v/ 42, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock, beheaded as Jacobite traitors, London | | | 1870 | Prince Felix zu Salm-Salm, 41, soldier-of-fortune, d/w, Gravellote-St. Privat | | | 1940 | Hector Bywater, journalist & novelist ("The Great Pacific War"), at 55 | | | 1989 | Luis Carlos Galan, 45, Colombian presidential candidate, assassinated | | 19 | 14 | Augustus, Roman Emperor (27 BC-AD 14), 75 | | | 1186 | Geoffrey II Plantagent, 27, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, brother of King Richard Lionheart, killed during a tournament at Paris | | | 1493 | Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III of Innsbruck (1440-1493), at 77 | | | 1601 | Michael the Brave, c. 42, Prince of Wallachia (1593-1601), of Transylvania (1599-1600), and of Moldavia (1600) | | | 1693 | Patrick Sarsfield, Commander, the French “Brigade Irlandais,” kia, the Battle of Landen, saying "Would it were for Ireland." | | | 1936 | Federico Garcia Lorca, 38, Spanish poet, murdered | | | 1944 | Generalfeldmarschall Günther “Hans” von Kluge, 61, suicide rather than surrender | | | 1974 | Rodger P. Davies, 53, US Amb to Cyprus, shot in the Embassy during an anti-American demonstration | | 20 | 651 | St. Oswin of Deira, King of Deria (642-651), Martyr | | | 984 | Pope John XIV (983-984), a prisoner of Anti-Pope Boniface VII | | | 1190 | St. Bernard of Clairveaux, c. 43, who inspired the Second Crusade | | | 1191 | 2,500 Moslem men, women, & childern massacred at Acre at Richard I orders | | | 1672 | Johan de Witt(47), Grand Pensionary of Holland (1653-1672) and his brother Cornelius (49), lynched at the Hague | | | 1804 | SGT Charles Floyd, c. 22, of “bilious cholic” - the only fatality on the Lewis & Clark Expedition | | | 1823 | Pope Pius VII - Barnaba Chiaramoni (1800-1823), 82 | | | 1985 | Sant Harchand Singh Longowal, Sikh leader, shot by Sikh extremists | | | 2006 | Joe Rosenthal, who took a famous photograph, at 91 | | 21 | 1131 | Baldwin II of Rethel, second Count of Edessa (1100-1118), third King of Jerusalem (1118-1131) | | | 1157 | King Alfonso VII of Castille (1126-1157), at c. 52 | | | 1190 | Godfrey III, Count of Louvain, Landgrave of Brabant, Margrave of Antwerp, and as Godfrey VIII Duke of Lower Lorraine (1142-1157) | | | 1425 | Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus (1391-1425), at c. 75 | | | 1553 | John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, c. 51, fahter-in-law and mentor of “Lady Jane Grey,” beheaded in the Tower | | | 1940 | Leo Trotsky, at 62, a day after being axed in the head | | | 1982 | King Ngwenyama Sobhuza II of Swaziland/Ngwane (1921-82), 82 | | | 1983 | Benigno Aquino, Jr., 50, Philippine presidential candidate, assassinated | | 22 | 634 | Abu Bakr, the first Caliph (632-634), at c. 60 | | | 1188 | King Ferdinand II of Castille & Leon (1157-1188), c. 60 | | | 1241 | Pope Gregory IX - Count Ugolino of Segni (1227-1241) | | | 1280 | Pope Nicholas III - Giocanni Gaetani Orsini (1277-1280) at c. 75 | | | 1286 | King Erik V of Denmark (1259–1286), c. 36, murdered | | | 1350 | King Philip VI de Valois of France (1328-50), c. 57 | | | 1485 | King Richard III of England (1483-1485), 32, unable to find a horse | | | 1711 | Louis Francois, duc de Boufflers, Marshal of France, 67 | | | 1793 | Louis, 4th duc de Noailles, Marshal of France, at 80 | | | 1818 | Warren Hastings, 85, first Governor-General of Bengal (1773-1785) | | | 1922 | Michael "Big Mike" Collins, Irish revolutionary hero, assassinated at 31 | | | 1978 | Jomo Kenyatta, first Prime Minister (1963–1964) and President (1964–1978) of Kenya, at 83 | | | 2000 | Abülfaz Elçibay, 62, first President of Azerbaijan (June 1992-June 1993), ousted in a coup | | 23 | 93 | Gnaeus Julius Agricola, 53, Roman general, father-in-law of Tacitus | | | 408 | Stilicho, c. 50, Roman general, beheaded by an inept emperor [See Events] | | | 818 | ‘Ali ibn Musa al-Rida, the 8th Shia Imam, at c.53 | | | 1305 | William Wallace, c. 33, Scottish patriot, half-hanged, castrated, , eviscerated and his bowels burnt before him, beheaded, & then cut into four parts | | | 1628 | George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, murdered at 35 | | | 1819 | Oliver Hazard Perry, 34, who met the enemy and they were his, yellow fever | | | 1927 | Nicola Sacco (36) & Bartolomeo Vanzetti (39), executed after a show-trial in Massachusetts | | | 1973 | Eddie Rickenbacker, American ace, at 82 | | | 1999 | King Hassan II of Morocco (1961-1999), at 80 | | 24 | 1103 | King Magnus III the Barefoot of Norway (1093-1103) and of Mann and the Isles (1099-1102), c. 30 | | | 1313 | Henry VII, c. 38-39, King of the Germans (1308-1313) and Holy Roman Emperor (1312-1313), at Siena | | | 1572 | Gaspard de Coligny, 53, Seigneur de Châtillon, Admiral of France & Huguenot leader, murdered by a pusilanimous king | | | 1680 | Col. Thomas Blood, c. 62, who had stolen the Crown Jewels in 1671 | | | 1954 | Getulio Vargas, 72, fascistic Dictator/President of Brazil (1930-45, 51-54), suicide | | | 1970 | Robert Fassnacht, 33, by an "anti-war" bomb, U of Wisconsin | | 25 | 79 | Gaius Plinius Secundus - Pliny the Elder, c. 56, soldier, admiral, governor, naturalist, rescuing the victims of Mt. Vesuvius | | | 383 | Flavius Gratianus - Gratian, 24, Roman emperor (375-383) assassinated at Lyon | | | 882 | King Louis III of France (879-882), 21-22 | | | 1270 | St Louis IX, 56, King of France (1226-70), of disease on Crusade in Egypt | | | 1330 | Sir James "the Black" Douglas, Scottish patriot, in Spain at c. 45 | | | 1942 | Air Commodore. Prince George, 30, Duke of Kent (1934-1942), brother of King George VI, plane crash | | | 1945 | Vice Admiral Willis Augustus "Ching" Lee, Jr., 57, premier USN battleship commander, Olympian, heart attack | | | 1967 | George Lincoln Rockwell, 49, USN veteran, American Nazi, shot by a follower | | | 2009 | Edward "Ted" Kennedy, 77, sometime soldier, politician, last of four brothers who were devoted to national service | | 26 | 796 | King Offa of Mercia (757-796) | | | 1260 | Alberico II da Romano, c. 64, condottiero, poet, brother of Ezzelino "The Cruel," tortured to death after watching his sons Alberico, Giovanni, Romano, & Ugolino be drawn & quartered, and wife Margherita and daughters Amabilia, Griselda, and Tornalisce, burned at the stake | | | 1278 | King Ottokar II of Bohemia (1253-78), Duke of Austria (1251-1276), Styria (1260-1276), Carinthia (1269-1276), and Carniola (1269-1276), kia | | | 1346 | King Jean "the Blind" of Bohemia (1335-1346), 50, kia at Crecy | | | 1346 | Louis I of Nevers, c. 34, Count of Flanders, Nevers and Rethel(1322–1346), kia Crecy | | | 1486 | Ernst I of Saxony (1464-86), at 45 | | | 1813 | Karl Theodor Körner, Prussian war poet, kia at 22 | | | 1921 | Matthias Erzberger, 45, German Minister of Finance, murdered by nationaists for having signed the Armistice of 1918 | | | 1974 | Charles Lindbergh, intrepid flyer, enviromentalisst, Nazi dupe, anti-Semite, at 72 | | | 1974 | Prince Junio Valerio Borghese, Fascist condottiero, b. 1906 | | 27 | 479 | Aristodemos, Spartan survivor of Thermopylae, kia, Plataea, with c. 750 other patriotic Greeks | | | 479 | Mardonios, Persian Satrap of Greece, kia, Plataea, with thousands of other Persians and numerous medizing Greeks | | | 827 | Pope Eugene II (824-827) | | | 1590 | Pope Sixtus V - Felice Peretti (1585-1590), 68 | | | 1919 | Louis Botha, 55, Boer general, first Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa (1910-1919) | | | 1975 | Haile Selassie, 83, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia (1930-1974) | | | 1979 | Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, 79, murdered by the IRA | | 28 | 388 | Magnus Clemens Maximus, c. 52, usurping Roman Emperor(383-88) & his son Flavius Victor, executed by Theodosius the Great | | | 876 | Louis I the German, c. 70, King of Bavaria (817-843)and of Eastern Francia (843–876) | | | 1354 | "Fra Moriale" - Giovanni di Montréal du Bar – mercenary Captain of the "Great Company", beheaded in Rome by Cola di Reinzo | | | 1481 | King Afonso V of Portugal (1438-1477, desposed & restored, 1477-1481) | | | 1504 | The Chevalier Orsini, assassinated by order of Cesare Borgia | | | 1551 | Fabrizio Colonna, Roman Noble, condottiero, kia by the Farnese, Vigolana | | | 1793 | French General Adam Philippe, le comte de Custine de Sarreck, guillotined at 53 for not being aggressive enough | | | 1943 | Boris III of Saxe-Coburg, 49, King of Bulgaria (1918-43) | | | 1944 | Ernst Thaelmann, 58, German communist, in Buchenwald | | | 1955 | Emmett Till, 14, lynched in Money, Mississippi | | | 1978 | Bruce Catton, Civil War historian, at 78 | | 29 | 29 | John the Baptist, c. 30, beheaded [Trad] | | | 886 | Byzantine Emperor Basil I "the Macedonian" (867-886), c. 75 | | | 1315 | Charles, Prince of Taranto, and his uncle Peter, Count of Eboli, condottiero, kia, Montecatini | | | 1533 | Atahualpa, the last Inca Emperor (1532– July 26, 1533), garotted by Pizarro | | | 1782 | Admiral Richard Kempenfelt (c. 64) and c. 900 men, women, & children, as HMS Royal George(108) capsizes at dockside in Portsmouth | | | 1799 | Pope Pius VI - Giovanni Anelico Braschi (1775-1799), 81, a prisoner of the French | | | 1904 | Sultan Murad V of Turkey (May 30-Aug 31, 1876), 63 | | | 1941 | Count Honore d'Estienne d'Orves, 40, naval officer, "first martyr of Free France", executed | | | 1960 | PM Hazza el-Majali of Jordan (1959-1960), assassinated by a bomb | | | 1972 | Lale Anderson, 67, German chanteuse ("Lili Marlene") | | | 1975 | Eamon de Valera, 92Irish nationalist, prime minister, president (1959–1973) | | | 1981 | Lowell Thomas, intrepid war correspondent, at 89 | | | 1983 | David Niven, soldier, actor ("Dawn Patrol"), at 74 | | | 1987 | Lee Marvin, Marine, actor ("The Big Red One"), at 63 | | 30 | 536 | Theodoric the Great, c. 70, King of the Ostrogoths (471-526) | | | 1483 | King Louis XI of France (1461-83), at 60 | | | 1580 | Emanuele Filiberto, 52, Duke of Savoy (1553-1580), Viceroy of the Spanish Netherlands (1555-1559) | | | 1800 | Gabriel Prosser (c. 24) and 34 others, hanged at Richmond for “servile insurrection” [See Events] | | | 1879 | John Bell Hood, Gen, C.S.A., who lost Atlanta, yellow fever at 48 | | | 1918 | Col. Bertram T. Clayton, 55, Brooklyn cavalryman, air attack in the trenches; ranking West Pointer (1886) kia in World War I | | | 1935 | Henri Barbusse, WW I veteran, author ("Under Fire") | | | 1981 | Mohammad Ali Rajai (48), Pres of Iran (Aug 15-30, 1981), a bomb, and Mohammad Javad Bahonar (c. 48), PM of Iran, a bomb | | 31 | 683 | K'inich Janaab' Pacal, Lord of Palenque (615–683) | | | 1057 | Earl Leofric III of Mercia (1030-1057), husband to Lady Godiva, b. 968 | | | 1158 | King Sancho III of Castille (1157-1158), c. 24 | | | 1186 | King Baldwin in V of Jerusalem (1183-1186), age 9. | | | 1422 | Henry V of England (1413-22), at 35 | | | 1888 | Mary Ann "Polly" Nichols, 43, Jack the Ripper's first victim | | | 1967 | Ilya Grigoryevich Ehrenburg, 76, Soviet war poet (“Kill the German - this is the cry of your Russian earth. Do not waver. Do not let up. Kill.") | | | 2006 | Guy Gabaldon, the “Pied Piper of Saipan,” at 80 |
Event
| 1 | 0 | Air Force Day | | | 2 | Temple of Mars Ultor is dedicated in Rome | | | 527 | Justinian I becomes sole Roman Emperor (to 565) | | | 626 | Persians & Avars abandon siege of Constantinople (begun June 29) | | | 902 | The Arabs capture Taormina, the last Byzantine naval base in Sicily | | | 939 | Battle of Simancas: Asturians defeat the Andalucian Arabs | | | 1086 | Oath of Salisbury: Landowners of England swear fealty to William the Conqueror | | | 1096 | Walter the Penniless, Peter the Hermit, and the "Beggars' Crusade" reach Constantinople | | | 1209 | Crusaders besiege Albigenian-held Carcassone (falls, 15th) | | | 1291 | The Everlasting League: Uri, Schwyz, & Unterwalden unite to form Switzerland | | | 1354 | Triumphal restoration of Cola di Rienzo to power in Rome (ousted Oct 8th) | | | 1423 | Battle of Cravant: English longbowmen devastate attacking French | | | 1498 | Christopher Columbus lands in Central America | | | 1578 | Battle of Rimenant: Dutch defeat the Spanish | | | 1589 | Monk Jacques Clement attempts to kill French King Henri III | | | 1619 | The first African slaves are landed at Jamestown, Va | | | 1664 | Battle of Szentgotthard: Austrian crush Turkish invaders | | | 1675 | Battle of Altenheim: The French defeat the Imperialists | | | 1759 | Battle of Minden: English infantry attacks & routs French cavalry | | | 1781 | Cornwallis' British army occupies Yorktown, Virginia | | | 1794 | Whiskey Rebellion begins | | | 1801 | U.S. schooner Enterprise captures Tripolitanian ship Tripoli | | | 1834 | Slavery abolished in the British Empire | | | 1848 | Battle of Crotta d'Adda: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese | | | 1863 | Battle of Little Rock, Ark | | | 1864 | Battle of Petersburg, Va | | | 1864 | Phil Sheridan takes command of the Army of the Shenandoah | | | 1898 | US and Spanish troops skirmish outside Manila | | | 1907 | U.S. Signal Corps forms an Aviation Section | | | 1914 | German Emperor Wilhelm II declares war on his nephew Tsar Nicholas II | | | 1917 | Pope Benedict XV urges "an end to useless slaughter" and is widley condemned by both Allies and Central Powers | | | 1918 | British troops occupy Vladivostok | | | 1926 | Attempted assassination of Spanish dictator Primo de Rivera | | | 1926 | The Druze riot against the French in Damascus | | | 1936 | Hitler opens the Berlin Olympics, the 11th modern games | | | 1940 | Soviets occupy Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia | | | 1942 | Allied fleets begin diversionary moves to mask the Guadalcanal operation | | | 1942 | U.S. battlefleet departs San Francisco for Pearl Harbor | | | 1943 | Blackett Str: "Tokyo Express" to Kolombangara tangles with 15 PT-boats | | | 1943 | Japan declares Burma independent under U Ba Maw | | | 1943 | Kiska: U.S. surface ships shell suspected Japanese positions. | | | 1944 | Chinese hold Japanese before Hengyang. | | | 1944 | George S. Patton's Third Army begins 281 days of operations | | | 1944 | Marines crush Japanese resistance on Tinian | | | 1944 | Warsaw Uprising: the Polish Home Army begins a 62-day insurrection against the Nazis, as the Soviets stand idle nearby | | | 1945 | B-29s raid Toyama, Japan | | | 1945 | The Yangtze: U.S. air dropped mines sink or damage 47 Japanese ships. | | | 1946 | Office of Naval Research is established | | | 1950 | King Leopold III of Belgium (1934-1951) abdicates in favor of his son Baudouin (1951-1993) | | | 1958 | USS Nautilus passes beneath the Arctic ice-pack [See Aug 3] | | | 1961 | East Germany limits traffic to West Berlin, Cold War intensifies | | | 1966 | Britain disbands the Colonial Office - the Empire is over | | | 1966 | UT Austin: former Marine Charles Whitman leaves 13 dead, 31 wounded | | | 1975 | Helsinki Pact guaranteeing boundaries and civil rights in Europe | | 2 | 47 | “Veni, Vidi, Vici”; Caesar defeats Pharnaces II of Ponts at Zela | | | 216 | Battle of Cannae: Hannibal crushes a Roman Army | | | 1057 | Federick of Lorraine elected Pope as Stephen X [IX] (1057-1058) | | | 1247 | HR Emperor Frederick II besieges Parma (lifted Feb 18, 1248) | | | 1492 | Jews are expelled from Spain by King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella | | | 1530 | Battle of Gavinara: Spanish-Medician forces defeat the Florentines | | | 1554 | Battle of Marciano: Spanish-Medician forces defeat the Franco-Sienese near Florence | | | 1740 | First public performance of Thompson's & Arne's "Rule, Britannia!" | | | 1770 | Battle of the Pruth: Russians defeat the Turks, who lose 20,000 | | | 1776 | Formal signing of the Declaration of Independence begins | | | 1776 | Royal Navy lands 32,000 British & Hessians on Staten I, near New York City | | | 1802 | Napoleon Bonaparte declares hiimself "Consul for Life" | | | 1819 | First parachute jump in the US, from a balloon | | | 1831 | Dutch invade secessionist Belgium (withdraw Aug 12) | | | 1832 | Battle of the Bad Axe River: final action of the Black Hawk War, many Indians slain | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Dug Springs, Mo | | | 1865 | CSS Shenandoah learns the Civil War ended four months earlier | | | 1867 | Wagon Box Fight: c. 30 army woodcutters defeat c. 1000 Sioux | | | 1887 | Rowell Hodge receives a patent for barbed wire | | | 1903 | Macedonians began an unsuccessful uprising against the Turks | | | 1904 | British capture Lhasa, Tibet | | | 1911 | Dictator Antoine Simon flees Haiti in a US warship | | | 1914 | Russian troops invade Eastern Prussia | | | 1917 | First deck landing on an underway warship: CDR E. H. Dunning, RNAS, in a Sopwith Pup aboard HMS Furious at Scapa Flow | | | 1928 | Mussolini signs peace treaty with Abyssinia (Ethiopia) | | | 1931 | Albert Einstein urges scientists to refuse military work | | | 1934 | German Armed Forces swear a "Holy Oath" to the unholy Adolf Hitler | | | 1941 | Jews are expelled from Hungarian Ruthenia | | | 1943 | Blackett Str: JFK's PT-109 rammed & sunk by HIJMS Amagiri. | | | 1943 | New Georgia: 27th RCT arrives to reinforce U.S. troops. | | | 1943 | Riot at Treblinka Concentration Camp | | | 1944 | Burma: Chinese troops heavily engaged at Teng-chung. | | | 1944 | Turkey breaks diplomatic relations with Nazi Germany | | | 1945 | B-29s drop 6,600 tons of bombs on five Japanese cities. | | | 1946 | Andrei Andreyevich Vlasov (45), Soviet general, traitor, executed | | | 1950 | The 1st Marine Provisional Bde lands at Pusan | | | 1964 | Gulf of Tonkin: North Vietnamese PT boats attack USS Maddox | | | 1990 | Iraq invades & occupies Kuwait - onset of Desert Shield/Desert Storm | | 3 | 9 | Tiberius defeats the Pannonian Pirustae & Desidiates | | | 1108 | Louis VI “the Fat” crowned King of France (1108-1137) | | | 1460 | Scots capture & raze Roseburgh. | | | 1492 | Columbus sails from Palos on the most momentous voyage in history | | | 1529 | Treaty of Cambrai ("The Lady's Peace"): Francis I accepts Spanish domination of Italy, temporarily | | | 1530 | The Medici return to Florence | | | 1578 | "Battle of the Three Kings" - Wadi Al-makhazin: Moroccans defeat Portuguese & rebels | | | 1601 | Battle of Guruslau: Michael the Brave's Imperial-Romanian forces defeat the Poles | | | 1644 | First Battle of Freiburg: French defeat the Bavarians | | | 1645 | Battle of Allersheim | | | 1692 | Battle of Steenkerken: The French defeat the English & Germans | | | 1758 | Naval Battle of Negapatam: English defeat the French off India | | | 1796 | Battle of Lonato: The French defeat the Austrians | | | 1797 | Bohemia: Emperor Francis I permits Jewish veterans to marry non-Jews | | | 1804 | USN squadron bombards Tripoli | | | 1812 | US Frigate Essex captures the British brig Brothers | | | 1848 | Battle of Milan: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese | | | 1849 | Roman Republic surrenders to the French | | | 1861 | First manned balloon ascent from a ship, USS Fanny, Hampton Roads | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Massila, NM | | | 1861 | U.S. Navy authorizes three ironclads: Monitor, Galena, & New Ironsides | | | 1914 | Germany declares war on France | | | 1914 | Germany invades Belgium, besieges Liege | | | 1914 | Germany invades Luxembourg | | | 1914 | Great Britain declares war on Germany | | | 1915 | Second Battle of the Isonzo ends (from July 18) | | | 1917 | N.Y. Guard established | | | 1919 | Romanians capture Budapest, to oust the “Hungarian Soviet Socialist Republic” | | | 1940 | Italian troops invade British Somaliland | | | 1940 | Lithuania is annexed by the USSR | | | 1942 | Japanese Army begins forming armored divisions in Manchuria. | | | 1942 | Mildred McAffee becomes the first woman officer in the Naval Reserve. | | | 1943 | New Georgia: Fijian and Solomons troops join US forces. | | | 1943 | Patton slaps Pvt Charles H. Kuhl, 1st Infantry Division, at the 15th Evac Hospital, near Nicosia, Sicily | | | 1944 | Auschwitz-Birkenau: 4,000 Gypsies murdered | | | 1944 | Burma: Allied troops conquer Myitkyina, reopening the Burma Road | | | 1958 | "Nautilus 90 North" | | | 1990 | US announces commitment of naval forces to the Persian Gulf | | 4 | 0 | Coast Guard Day | | | 1135 | Pisans sack Amalfi | | | 1265 | Battle of Evesham: Prince Edward [later King Edward I] defeats Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, to end the 2nd Baron's War | | | 1347 | English troops capture Calais | | | 1645 | Battle of Nordlingen: French defeat the Imperialists | | | 1693 | Dom Perignon allegedly invents champagne | | | 1735 | Journalist John Peter Zenger cleared of slander charges in New York | | | 1753 | George Washington becomes a Master Mason | | | 1790 | Revenue Cutter Service formed, the origins of the USCG | | | 1846 | USS Congress captures Santa Barbara, Ca | | | 1870 | Battle of Weissenburg: Prussians defeat the French | | | 1900 | Battle of Elands River: 400 Australians defeat 2,500 Boers | | | 1903 | Giuseppe Sarto elected Pope as Pius X (1903-1914), later canonized | | | 1914 | Denmark declares neutrality in the First World War | | | 1914 | Siegfried Sassoon enlists in the Sussex Yeomanry | | | 1916 | US agrees to buy the Virgin Islands from Denmark for $25 million | | | 1917 | Pravda calls for killing of capitalists, priests, & officers | | | 1917 | US takes title to the Virgin Islands from Denmark | | | 1918 | Adolf Htler is awarded the Iron Cross, First Class, for delivering messages under fire, on the recommendation of Lt. Hugo Gutmann, a Jewish officer | | | 1918 | During a German raid on 82nd Div lines, YMCA worker Bernetta Miller walks the trenches handing out hot chocolate, cake, and cigarettes, earning a mention in dispatches. | | | 1927 | Peace Bridge between US & Canada opened | | | 1929 | 60,000 Nazi Storm Troopers march in Munich | | | 1936 | Ioannis Metaxas names himself dictator of Greece (1936-1941) | | | 1942 | G. C. Kenney takes command of Allied AF SW Pacific, under MacArthur. | | | 1942 | U.S. destroyer Tucker is mined at Espiritu Santo. | | | 1943 | Kiska: USAAF bombers drop 152 tons of bombs | | | 1943 | Munda, New Georgia: U.S. troops close in on Japanese airfield. | | | 1944 | Anne Frank and her family are betrayed to the Nazis | | | 1944 | Burma: Chinese troops finally break into Teng-chung on the Salween. | | | 1944 | Guam: Army and Marine forces cut Japanese defenders into two groups. | | | 1944 | T. D. Dean, RAF, scores the first V-1, by "tipping" it's wing | | | 1964 | Gulf of Tonkin: US DDs report second attack by North Vietnamese PT boats | | | 2005 | The USS New York(LPD-21) receives her bow section, with 24 tons of steel from the World Trade Center, during construction in Louisiana | | 5 | 54 | Caesar defeats the Britons under Cassivellaunus in Hertsfordshire | | | 135 | Romans capture last Jewish stronghold of the Bar Kochba Revolt | | | 642 | Battle of Maserfeld: King Penda of Mercia defeats King Oswald of Northumbria | | | 1063 | Battle of Snowdonia: Harold Godwinson defeats King Gruffydd ap Llywelyn of Wales | | | 1192 | Battle of Jaffa: a greatly outnumbered Richard Lionheart defeats Saladin | | | 1264 | Anti-Jewish riots in Arnstadt, Germany | | | 1305 | William Wallace is betrayed to the English | | | 1391 | Arsonists kill c. 200 Jews in Barcelona | | | 1435 | Battle of Ponza: Franco-Genovese fleet defeats the Aragonese off Gaeta | | | 1598 | Battle of Traigh Gruinart: Sir James MacDonald of Islay defeats Sir Lachlan MacLean of Duart | | | 1600 | Battle of Perth: King James VI of Scotland defeats the Earl of Gowrie | | | 1620 | The Mayflower & Speedwell sail from Plymouth. | | | 1644 | Second Battle of Freiburg: Bavarians defeat the French | | | 1716 | Battle of Peterwardein: Austria's Eugene of Savoy (40,000) routs 150,000 Turks | | | 1763 | Battle of Bushy Run: Henry Bosquet defeats Pontiac | | | 1772 | First Partition of Poland: Austria, Prussia & Russia annex vast areas | | | 1781 | Battle of Dogger Bank: Royal Navy defeats the Dutch | | | 1796 | 2nd Battle of Castiglione: Austrians defeat Bonaparte, but surrender anyway. | | | 1812 | Battle of Brownstone Creek: Tecumseh routs Col Thomas Van Horn's Americans | | | 1830 | Algiers surrenders to the French | | | 1832 | 1st Royal visit to a U.S. warship; USS Potomac hosts King Kamehameha III of Hawaii | | | 1857 | HMS Agamemnon & USS Niagara commence laying the first Atlantic cable, at Valentia, Ireland | | | 1858 | After many vicissitudes, HMS Agamemnon & USS Niagara complete first Atlantic cable | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Athens, Mo | | | 1861 | US Army abolishes flogging | | | 1861 | US levies first income tax; 3% on incomes over $800. | | | 1862 | Battle of Baton Rouge, LA | | | 1864 | Battle of Mobile Bay: Farragut "damns" the torpedoes | | | 1873 | Massacre Creek: Sioux slay 350 Pawnee men, women, & children | | | 1884 | Work begins at Ft. Wood, in New York harbor, for the erection of the Statue of Liberty | | | 1898 | US and Spanish troops skirmish outside Manila | | | 1898 | US landing party goes ashore at Cape San Juan, Puerto Rico | | | 1898 | US troops land at Guayamo, Puerto Rico | | | 1915 | German troops capture Warsaw | | | 1921 | Yangtze River Patrol Force established within the Asiatic Fleet. | | | 1936 | Berlin Olympics: Jesse Owens wins his third medal | | | 1940 | Nazis blow up the Zandvoortse Synagogue, Netherlands | | | 1942 | Blockade running Japanese submarine I-30 arrives at L'Orient, France. | | | 1942 | Japanese convoy leaves Rabaul with reinforcements for Buna. | | | 1942 | Japanese superbattleship Musashi is commissioned. | | | 1943 | Soviet forces liberate Orel & Belgorod | | | 1944 | TF 58 raids Iwo Jima and Chichi Jima. | | | 1945 | China: Chinese forces recapture Tanchuk and Hsinning | | | 1947 | India and Pakistan become independent, and promptly go to war | | | 1963 | Britain, US, & USSR sign a limited nuclear test ban treaty | | | 1964 | US begins bombing of North Vietnam | | 6 | 761 | Battle of Aedwiresclif: King Moll of Northumbria defeats King Oswine of Deira | | | 910 | Battle of Tettenhall: King Edward the Elder of Wessex defeats the Danes | | | 1187 | Saladin takes Beirut | | | 1284 | Naval Battle of Meloria: Genoese defeat the Pisans | | | 1534 | Turkish corsair Khairaidin Barbarossa sacks Fondi | | | 1623 | Battle of Stadtlohn: Tilly's Imperials defeat Christian of Brunswick | | | 1623 | Maffeo Barberini elected Pope as Urban VIII (1623-1644) | | | 1734 | Austrian-held Gaeta (invested July 15), surrenders to Carlo IV of Naples | | | 1780 | Battle of Hanging Rock: Tarleton’s dragoons annihilate an American column – Andrew Jackson (13) becomes a P/W | | | 1806 | Holy Roman Empire is dissolved | | | 1813 | Battle of Caracas: Columbian patriots under Bolivar defeat the Spanish | | | 1825 | Bolivia gains independence from Peru | | | 1848 | HMS Daedelus spots a sea serpent in the South Atlantic | | | 1862 | CSS Arkansas is blown up to prevent capture by US | | | 1864 | Rebels evacuate Ft Powell, Mobile Bay | | | 1870 | Battle of Spicheren: Prussians force French to retreat | | | 1870 | Battle of Worth: Prussians defeat outnumbered French in eight hour fight | | | 1914 | Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia | | | 1914 | China declares neutrality in the First World War | | | 1914 | Serbia declares war on Germany | | | 1914 | The first air raid of WWI: German Zeppelins bomb Antwerp. | | | 1915 | Battle of Sari Bair begins: Unsuccessful British attmept to break out of the Gallipoli beachheads (ends Aug 21st) | | | 1916 | Sixth Battle of the Isonzo begins (to Aug 16) | | | 1918 | Ferdinand Foch promoted to Marshal of France | | | 1927 | Bombs explode in two NYC subway stations, one dead, many injured. | | | 1930 | "Where is Judge Crater?" - Joseph F. Crater disappears forever. | | | 1937 | Spanish Nationalists shell Madrid for the first time | | | 1942 | MacArthur creates the New Guinea Force, under Aussie Gen Thomas Blamey. | | | 1943 | New Georgia: U.S. troops pursue Japanese forces into the interior. | | | 1943 | U.S. engineers begin to repair the Munda airstrip. | | | 1943 | Vella Gulf: "Tokyo Express" bound for Kolombangara loses 3 of 4 DDs. | | | 1944 | German counter attack at Avranches fails | | | 1944 | Japanese troops advance on Hengyang, against heavy Chinese resistance. | | | 1944 | Lodz, Poland: Nazis begin deportation of 70,000 Jews to Auschwitz | | | 1944 | US aircraft begin raiding the Philippines from bases in New Guinea. | | | 1945 | A-Bomb destroys Hiroshima, over 75,000 die. | | | 2001 | Pres. Bush briefed on threat of Al Qaeda air hijackings (See 9/11) | | | 2002 | The Marquis de La Fayette, already an honorary citizen of several states, is made an hornorary U.S. citizen | | 7 | 461 | Roman Emperor Flavius Iulius Valerius Maiorianus - Majorian (Apr 457-Aug 2, 461), deposed by mutineers, imprisoned – k. Aug 7th | | | 480 | Thermopylae [Alt] | | | 768 | Consecration of Pope Stephen III [IV] (768-772) | | | 1297 | Battle of Lochmabe: Henry Percy defeats the Scots | | | 1316 | Jacques d'Euse is elected Pope as John XXII (1316-1334) | | | 1479 | Battle of Guinegate: Emperor Maximilian I defeats King Louis XI of France | | | 1495 | Worms: the Diet abolishes private warfare in the Holy Roman Empire | | | 1498 | Pope Alexander VI grants his son Cesare Borgia dispensation from Holy Orders, provided he forfeit ecclessiastical benefices totalling 35,000 gold florins annually | | | 1594 | Battle of the Biscuits: Irish defeat English, who abandon their rations | | | 1750 | Slave uprising in Curacao | | | 1760 | Ft Loudon, Tennessee, surrenders to Cherokee Indians | | | 1777 | Americans win two day battle at Oriskany, New York | | | 1782 | George Washington creates the Badge of Military Merit - the Purple Heart | | | 1789 | US War Department established | | | 1819 | Battle of Boyaca: Bolivar defeats Spanish in Colombia | | | 1830 | Louis Philippe becomes "Citizen-King" of France (1830-1848) | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Hampton, Va | | | 1897 | Anglo-Egyptian-Sudanese force captures Abu Hamed. | | | 1914 | Germans under Ludendorf capture Liege | | | 1914 | Lord Kitchener asks Britons to volunteer to help fight World War I; by the introduction of conscription in January of 1916 2.5 million men will have enlisted | | | 1938 | Nazis seize Innsbruck University theological faculty | | | 1940 | Churchill recognizes de Gaulle as head of the Free French | | | 1941 | Kishnev, Romania: 551 Jews are shot by local fascists | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal: 1st Marine Div lands light resistance | | | 1942 | Japanese convoy bound for Buna is recalled to Rabaul. | | | 1942 | Tulagi: 1st Marine Div captures the island against fierce resistance | | | 1942 | US warships bombard Kiska for the first time. | | | 1943 | U.S. troops on New Georgia break Japanese resistance. | | | 1944 | "Trial" of anti-Hitler "July Plot" conspirators begins | | | 1944 | Light cruiser Nagara is sunk in Japanese waters by sub Croaker. | | | 1956 | British order three aircraft carriers to Egypt | | | 1964 | US Congress approves Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | | | 1990 | Operation Desert Shield: First American troops reach Saudi Arabia | | | 1998 | Islamists bomb US embassies in Nairobi & Dar es Salaam, 224 die, c. 5,500 wounded | | 8 | 70 | Jewish Revolt: Romans destroy the Tower of Antonia | | | 870 | Treaty of Mersen: Charles II & Louis the German, sons of Louis I of the Franks, divide his kingdom | | | 1588 | English fleet battles Spanish Armada | | | 1589 | Battle of Las Palmas: Spanish beat off an English assault | | | 1647 | Battle of Dunganhill: English rout Irish rebels | | | 1676 | Great Fire of Boston: 160 buildings destroyed | | | 1692 | Steenkerke: William III defeated by the French under the Duke of Luxembourg | | | 1806 | French Marshal Massena crushes Neapolitan forces at Lauria | | | 1812 | Battle of Inkovo: Russians defeat the French | | | 1813 | US Schooners Hamilton & Scourge founder in a storm on Lake Ontario | | | 1814 | Anglo-American Peace negotiations begin in Ghent, Belgium | | | 1815 | Napoleon is put on a ship bound for St Helena | | | 1831 | Battle of Hasselt: Dutch drive out Belgian Army | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Lovettsville, Va | | | 1864 | Red Cross formed in Geneva | | | 1890 | Daughters of the American Revolution formed | | | 1896 | Three Italian-Americans lynched in St. Charles Parish, La. | | | 1898 | Skirmishing along the Guayamo-Cayey Road, Puerto Rico | | | 1918 | Alvin York captures "the whole damned German Army" | | | 1925 | 40,000 Klansmen march in Washington | | | 1929 | German airship Graf Zeppelin begins a round-the-world flight | | | 1940 | Battle of Britain begins | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal: Marines capture the unfinished airstrip. | | | 1942 | Japanese air raids on Guadalcanal | | | 1942 | Russian counter-offensive at Voronezh under Marshal Timoshenko | | | 1943 | Fighting continues around Munda, New Georgia | | | 1943 | Nazis initiate vegetable & fruit rationing in the Netherlands | | | 1944 | China: Japanese troops finally take Hengyang, against stiff resistance. | | | 1945 | Harry S Truman signs UN Charter | | | 1945 | USSR declares war on Japan. | | | 1953 | Russia's Georgi Malenkov reports possession of hydrogen bomb | | | 1983 | BrigGen Efrain Rios Montt deposed as president of Guatemala | | | 1988 | Cease fire ends the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) | | | 1988 | Russian troops begin pulling out of Afghanistan after 9 year war | | | 1988 | SecState Wm Shultz escapes assassination in Bolivia | | | 1988 | South Africa declares cease-fire in Angola | | | 1990 | Iraq annexes Kuwait | | | 2000 | Confederate submarine Hunley raised after 136 years on the bottom | | 9 | 48 | Battle of Pharsalus: Caesar crushes Pompey | | | 378 | Battle of Adrianople: devastating Roman defeat by the Visigoths | | | 1160 | Battle of Cassano d'Adda/Carcano: Emperor Frederick II Barbarossa is defeated by the Lombard League | | | 1238 | Pope Gregory IX formalizes the duties of military chaplains. | | | 1386 | Battle of Sempach: Swiss defeat the Hapsburgs | | | 1391 | Rioters in Barcelona kill c. 300 Jews | | | 1604 | Treaty of London: Spain & England make peace | | | 1648 | French land in Naples to support Masaniello's Rebellion | | | 1673 | Third Anglo-Dutch War: Dutch fleet captures New York (lose it again in '74) | | | 1675 | Construction begins on the Greenwich Observatory, London | | | 1678 | Indians sell Jonas Bronck some real estate north of Manhattan | | | 1757 | English Ft William Henry, NY, surrenders to French & Indians | | | 1778 | Captain Cook reaches Cape Prince of Wales, Bering Straits | | | 1790 | Columbia completes America's first circumnavigation, Boston-Boston in 3 years | | | 1815 | Stephen Decatur negotiates a treaty ending hostilities with Tripoli | | | 1842 | Webster-Ashburton Treaty: US-Canada border & naval anti-Slavery Patrol established | | | 1849 | Hungarian Republic crushed by Austria & Russia | | | 1855 | Mexican War of Reform: Battle of Acapulco | | | 1862 | Battle of Cedar Mountain/Slaughter Mountain/ Southwest Mountain, Va | | | 1864 | Battle of Ft Morgan, Al | | | 1865 | USNA returns to Annapolis after four years at Newport | | | 1898 | Battle of Coamo, P.R.: US, c. 12 casualties, Spain c. 200 | | | 1898 | Skirmishing along the Guayamo-Cayey Road, Puerto Rico | | | 1898 | US landing party again raids Cape San Juan, Puerto Rico | | | 1918 | D'Annunzio leads nine a/c in a 700 mile round-trip raid to leaflet Vienna | | | 1919 | Construction of airship Shenandoah (ZR-1) authorized. | | | 1936 | Jesse Owens wins a 4th gold medal at the Berlin Olympics | | | 1942 | 200 Jews escape Mir Ghetto in Poland | | | 1942 | Battle of Savo Island: Japanese cruisers smash Allied ships north of Guadalcanal | | | 1942 | British arrest the Mahatma; detain him into 1944 | | | 1942 | Chinese forces defeat a Japanese offensive in Kiangsi Province. | | | 1942 | First performance in besieged Leningrad of Shoshtakovich's "Leningrad Symphony" | | | 1945 | Red Army begins a massive offensive in Manchuria. | | | 1945 | Second Atomic Bomb is dropped on Nagasaki, c. 30,000 die | | | 1945 | Third Fleet aircraft raid northern Honshu and Hokkaido. | | | 1974 | Richard Nixon resigns the presidency, VP Gerald Ford becomes 38th pres | | | 1985 | Former naval officer Arthur J. Walker convicted of spying for the USSR | | | 1989 | Gen. Colin Powell becomes Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff | | | 2001 | Palestinian suicide bombing in a Jerusalem pizzeria, 15 die, c. 90 injured | | 10 | 70 | Titus’ Roman troops burn the Jewish Second Temple | | | 654 | Election of St Pope Eugene I (654-657) | | | 991 | Battle of Maldon: Anglo-Saxons hold the Danes | | | 1405 | Battle of Haverfordwest: French defeat the English in Wales | | | 1461 | Bishop Alfonso de Espina of Osma urges an Inquisition in Spain | | | 1487 | Battle of Calliano: The Hapsburgs defeat the Venetians | | | 1644 | The French capture Freiburg | | | 1680 | The Pueblo Indians revolt against Spanish rule | | | 1792 | Revolutionaries topple the statuee of Louis XIV in the Place Vendome, as 600 Swiss Guardsmen die protecting the king from the mob | | | 1861 | Battle of Wilson's Creek/Springfield, Mo: Confederate Victory | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Potosi, Mo | | | 1862 | Battle of Nueces River, Tex | | | 1869 | Battle of Caraguatay: Brazilians defeat Francisco Lopez de Solano's Paraguayans | | | 1898 | Ambush at Hormigueras, PR: Spanish c. 145 casualties, US c. 20 | | | 1904 | Battle of the Yellow Sea: Togo's Japanese fleet defeats the Russians | | | 1913 | Treaty of Bucharest ends the Second Balkan War; Bulgaria loses | | | 1916 | Turks annex the Persian city of Hamadan from Russia | | | 1919 | Ukrainian National Army massacres 25 Jews in Podolia | | | 1920 | The Allies recognize the independence of Poland and Czechoslovakia | | | 1920 | Treaty of San Sevres between the Allies and Turkey | | | 1921 | Franklin D. Roosevelt is stricken with polio | | | 1921 | The US Navy’s Bureau of Aeronautics is formed, under RAdm William Moffett. | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal: Marines go on 2/3rds rations. | | | 1942 | North Africa: B. L. Montgomery assumes command of the Eighth Army | | | 1942 | Papua: Aussie Maroubra Force (c. 500) attacks along the Kokoda Trail | | | 1942 | U.S. sub sinks Japanese CA Kako, retiring from the Battle of Savo I. | | | 1943 | New Georgia: surviving Japanese troops flee into the interior. | | | 1943 | Patton slaps Pvt Paul G. Bennett, 17th Field Artillery Battalion, at the 90th Evac Hospital, Santo Stefano, Sicily | | | 1944 | Guam: Organized Japanese resistance ends | | | 1945 | Japan says it will surrender if the status of the emperor is unchanged | | | 1945 | Japan's War Minister urges officers to obey Imperial orders. | | | 1945 | Third Fleet aircraft raid northern Honshu and Hokkaido | | | 1949 | Congress creates the Department of Defense | | | 1988 | Japanese-Americans interned during WW II awarded $20,000 each | | 11 | 883 | Battle of Al-Mukhtara: Black Zanj Kharijite rebels defeated by Muwaffaq in southern Iraq | | | 1162 | Battle of Cantu: Lombards skirmish with Frederick Barbarossa’s rear guards, as he retreats | | | 1306 | Battle of Dalry: the Lord of Lorne defeats Robert I the Bruce | | | 1480 | Ottomans capture Otranto, Naples, amid great slaughter | | | 1492 | Rodrigo Borja [Borgia] elected Pope as as Alexander VI (1492-1403) | | | 1576 | Plague breaks out at Milan (ends Jan 20) | | | 1664 | Battle of Seneffe: Louis II Conde's French defeat William III's Spanish & Dutch | | | 1718 | Battle of Cape Passero: Sir George Byng crushes a Spanish squadron off Sicily. | | | 1804 | Abdication of the last Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Brunswick, Mo | | | 1866 | "Empress" Carlotta of Mexico meets with Napoleon III, but fails to convince him to continue to support husband Maximilian | | | 1909 | First use of the "SOS"; SS Arapahoe, off Cape Hatteras | | | 1914 | France declares war on Austria-Hungary | | | 1918 | Battle of Amiens ends, the British break the German Army | | | 1919 | The Weimar Consitution is adopted by Germany | | | 1929 | Russo-Chinese border clashes | | | 1933 | Carlos de Cespedes ousts Gerard Machado as president of Cuba | | | 1940 | German air raid on British shipping at Portland and Weymouth | | | 1942 | Japanese Combined Fleet sails for Truk, to support operations on Guadalcanal. | | | 1942 | SS begins murdering 3,500 Jews in Lodz, Poland | | | 1944 | B-29s from India begin to drop marine mines throughout Southeast Asia | | | 1945 | Allied warships shell installations in the Kuriles and on Honshu. | | | 1990 | Egyptian & Moroccan troops reinforce Operation Desert Shield | | | 2003 | NATO assumes command of 5,000 peacekeepers in Afghanistan | | 12 | 1071 | Battle of Manzikert: Turks inflict a massive defeat on the Byzantines, & capture Emperor Romanus IV | | | 1099 | Battle of Ascalon: Crusaders defeat the Fatimids | | | 1332 | Battle of Dupplin Moor: Edward Valiol's English defeat King David of Scots | | | 1499 | First Naval Battle of Sapienza: Turks & Venetians clash | | | 1553 | Pope Julius III orders confiscation & burning of Jewish religious books | | | 1554 | Battle of Renty: Imperialists defeat the French | | | 1645 | The Massachusetts Council orders a third of the men in each militia company “be ready on half an hour’s warning for any service” – the first “Minute Men” | | | 1687 | Battle of Harkany/Mohacs: Charles V of Lorraine routs the Turks | | | 1744 | Battle of Velletri II: Charles IV's Neapolitans defeat the Austrians | | | 1759 | Battle of Kunersdorf: Russo-Austrian forces almost defeat Frederick the Great | | | 1762 | The British capture Havana from the Spanish after a 54 day siege | | | 1805 | Lewis & Clark cross the Continental Divide | | | 1806 | Fra Diavolo lands near Salerno with 500 men, to initiate guerrilla operations against the French | | | 1812 | Battle of Gorodeczno: French and Austrians defeat the Russians | | | 1812 | USS Constitution captures and destroys British brig Adeona | | | 1812 | Wellington's troops enter Madrid | | | 1831 | Dutch forces evacuate secessionist Belgian provinces under French pressure | | | 1862 | John Hunt Morgan's Confederate raiders capture Gallatin, Tn | | | 1898 | Skirmish at Aibonito Pass, Puerto Rico | | | 1898 | US Navy raids Manzanillo, Cuba | | | 1898 | US ships exchange fire with Spanish batteries at Santiago | | | 1905 | Pogrom at Bialystock, 36 Jews die | | | 1914 | Battle of Haelen: Belgian Carabineers temporarily halt German advance | | | 1914 | First British Offensive of WW I: Advancing about three miles from the Gold Coast, British troops capture Lome, capital of German Togoland | | | 1914 | Great Britain declares war on Austria-Hungary | | | 1941 | French Marshal Henri Petain gives full support to Nazi Germany | | | 1942 | German First Panzer Armee captures Elista, southeast of Stalingrad | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal: First US airplane reaches Henderson Field | | | 1942 | New Guinea: Japanese troops reach the crest of the Owen Stanley Mtns as a convoy landa reinforcements at Buna. | | | 1942 | U.S. destroyer-transports land supplies on Guadalcanal. | | | 1943 | Kiska: USAAF bombs and USN shells suspected Japanese positions | | | 1944 | Normandy: PLUTO (pipeline under ocean) begins operating | | | 1944 | SS massacres hundreds of civilians at Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Tuscany | | | 1945 | Leaflets call for Japan to surrender or face "utter devastation." | | | 1953 | Soviet Union conducts secret hydrogen bomb test | | | 1959 | First firing of a Polaris missile from a ship, Observation Island | | | 1962 | Russia launches Vostok 4, with Pavel Popovich, who lands safely Aug 15 | | | 1972 | Last American ground troops leave Vietnam | | | 1983 | Manuel Noriega becomes commander of Panamanian Army | | 13 | 29 | Day 1 of Octavian's Triumph, for the conquest of Illyria | | | 523 | Election of Pope St. John I (523-526) | | | 900 | Battle of Susteren: Count Ranier of Hainaut defeats King Zwentibold of Lorraine | | | 1284 | Battle of Cape Corso: the Genoese fleet defeats the Pisans | | | 1415 | King Henry V’s English army lands at the mouth of the Seine | | | 1447 | Milanese establish the "Ambrosian Republic" (1447-1450) | | | 1516 | Treaty of Noyon: France & Spain make peace over Italy, temporarily | | | 1521 | Cortez captures Tenochtitlan from the Aztecs | | | 1648 | French troops supporting Masaniello's Rebellion withdraw from Naples | | | 1704 | Battle of Blenheim/Second Battle of Hochstadt: Anglo-Imperialists under Marlborough and Prince Eugene defeat the Franco-Bavarians under Tallard | | | 1704 | Naval Battle of Malaga: French Adm de Bourbon (50 ships-of-the-line) defeats Sir George Rooke (41 English & 12 Dutch), but fails to regain Gibraltar | | | 1759 | Battle of Kunersdorf: The Russians defeat the Prussians | | | 1762 | Havana, invested since June, surrenders to a British expedition | | | 1777 | Americans attempt to mine a British vessel off New London | | | 1799 | English fleet under Lord Seymour captures Surinam | | | 1846 | CDR Robert Stockton leads an Army-Navy-Marine party to seize Los Angeles | | | 1864 | Battles of Deep Bottom/Strawberry Plains/Fussell's Mill, Va | | | 1870 | Armed tug Palos is the first U.S.N. ship to transit the new Suez Canal | | | 1898 | Ambush at Las Marias, P.R.: US force inflicts heavy casualties on Spanish troops | | | 1898 | Battle of Manila: US troops occupy the city against light resistance | | | 1898 | Spanish-American War: Armistice declared (noon, EST) | | | 1906 | Brownsville: Black soldiers stage mutinous protest against racism | | | 1923 | Turkish National Congress elects Mustafa Kemal Pasha president | | | 1937 | Japanese attack Shanghai | | | 1941 | The Red Army evacuates Smolensk | | | 1941 | Walter Short, Commanding General, Hawaii, says "an attack upon these islands is not impossible and . . . might not be improbable." | | | 1942 | New Guinea: Japanese seize the pass over the Owen Stanley Mts | | | 1943 | B-24s from Australia bomb the Balikpapan oil fields, in Borneo. | | | 1943 | Red Army recaptures Demiansk | | | 1943 | Scouts report few Japanese left on Vella Lavella. | | | 1944 | Fourteenth Air Force reconnoiters Manila from Chinese bases | | | 1945 | Air raids on Tokyo. | | | 1945 | Okinawa: APA LaGrange is the last US ship hit by a kamikaze in WW II | | | 1953 | Gen of the Army Omar Bradley becomes Chairman of the JCS | | | 1961 | Communists begin construction of the Berlin Wall | | 14 | 29 | Day 2 of of Octavian's Triumph, for the victory at Actium | | | 1040 | Battle of Torfness: Thorfinn's Danes defeat King Duncan I of Scotland | | | 1119 | Battle of Hab: Turks defeat the Kingdom of Jerusalem | | | 1224 | Hubert de Burgh captures Bedford Castle after a two-month siege. | | | 1281 | "The Divine Wind" sinks the Mongol fleet off Japan | | | 1352 | Battle of Mauron: The English & Bretons defeat the French | | | 1385 | Battle of Aljubarotta: The Portuguese defeat the Castillians, with the aid of a lady baker | | | 1431 | Battle of Tauss: Hussites defeat Margrave Fredrick of Brandenburg | | | 1598 | Battle of Yellow Ford: Tyrone's Irish crush the English. | | | 1665 | Southwold Bay: The Duke of York overwhelms a Dutch fleet | | | 1678 | Battle of Mons: French repulse William of Orange | | | 1702 | Battle of Luzzara: Franco-Spanish army defeats the Imperialists | | | 1756 | French capture Fort Oswego, NY | | | 1811 | Paraguay declares independence from Spain | | | 1813 | HMS Pelican captures USS Argus | | | 1824 | Lafayette begins a tour of the US | | | 1842 | Second Florida War ends: some Seminoles removed to Oklahoma | | | 1882 | Queen Victoria receives King Cetewayo of the Zulu | | | 1886 | Washington Navy Yard's Naval Gun Factory established | | | 1912 | US Marines occupy Nicaragua | | | 1915 | German u-boat sinks British transport Royal Edward, 1,000 die | | | 1917 | China declares war on Germany & Austria | | | 1931 | Air Corps fails to sink target ship Mt. Shasta, Coast Guard helps out. | | | 1937 | Near Shanghai, while attempting to bomb the old Japanese cruiser Idzumo, the Chinese Air Force damages the CA Augusta | | | 1942 | New Guinea: Japanese land 3000 construction troops near Gona | | | 1942 | The first American air victory in the ETO: Flying a P-38 Lt Ezra Shahan gets a Condor off Iceland | | | 1943 | Quadrant Conference - Quebec: FDR & Churchill agree to "Operation Overlord" | | | 1944 | Russian offensive on the Vistula | | | 1945 | Tokyo: Atempted coup by the Imperial Guard is put down with bloodshed. | | | 1945 | V-J Day; Japan surrenders | | | 1949 | Military coup under colonel Sami Hinnawi in Syria | | | 1969 | "The Troubles": British troops occupy Northern Ireland | | | 1973 | US bombs Cambodia | | | 2000 | Russian SSN Kursk sinks in the Barents Sea, 118 die | | 15 | 0 | Polish Army Day | | | 29 | Day 3 of Octavian's Triumph, for the conquest of Egypt | | | 310 | Solar eclipse visible in Greece | | | 717 | Arab-Barbarian hordes abandon the siege of Constantinople (from 25 Aug 716) | | | 778 | Battle of Roncevalles: the Basques attack Charlemagne's rear guard | | | 1040 | Battle of Elgin: MacBeth defeats King Duncan I of Scotland, & usurps the throne | | | 1057 | Battle of Lumphanan: Malcolm Canmore [Malcolm III] defeats King MacBeth of Scotland | | | 1097 | Battle of Consuegra: Yusuf ibn Tashfin’s Almoravids defeat Alfonso VI of Castille & Leon | | | 1209 | Albigensians surrender Carcassone to the Crusaders (besieged since Aug 1st) | | | 1388 | Battle of Otterbourne: Scots under James, Earl of Douglas defeat & capture Henry Hotspur’s English | | | 1515 | Lorenzo de’Medici the Younger is created Captain General of the Florentine militia | | | 1645 | Battle of Klisyth: Montrose's Royalists slaughter 6000 Scots Covenanters | | | 1760 | Battle of Leignitz/The Katzbach: Frederick defeats Austrians | | | 1799 | Battle of Novi: Austro-Russians defeat the French | | | 1845 | U.S. Naval Academy is established at Ft Severn, Annapolis | | | 1848 | Battle of Luino: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians | | | 1854 | Anglo-French fleet bombards the Russian defenses at Bomersund in the Baltic | | | 1863 | Submarine CSS Hunley arrives in Charleston by rail | | | 1864 | CSS Tallahassee captures 6 U.S. schooners off New England | | | 1895 | Second class battleship Texas commissioned; sunk as target, 1911 | | | 1920 | Battle of Warsaw: Marshal Jozef Pilsudzki leads the Polish Army to rout the Soviet Red Army at the gates of Warsaw, ending the Soviet-Polish War (1918-1920) | | | 1940 | Hitler’s first “D-Day” for Operation Sea Lion | | | 1941 | Kovono, Lithuania: Jews are herded into Slobodka ghetto | | | 1942 | I-6, last Japanese submarine in the Aleutians, is withdrawn. | | | 1942 | U.S. transports land supplies at Guadalcanal | | | 1943 | Elms 25th Inf Div land on Vella Lavella, opposed on by Japanese a/c. | | | 1943 | Kiska: U.S. and Canadian troops land with heavy naval and air support` | | | 1944 | Operation Anvil-Dragoon: Allied troops land in Provence | | | 1945 | Hirohito's surrender message is broadcast to the Japanese people. | | | 1945 | Japanese a/c raid TF 38, 12 hours after Hirohito's surrender order | | | 1945 | Soviet aircraft sink 860 ton frigate Kenju off Hokkaido; last Japanese warship lost during World War II | | | 1945 | US ends wartime rationing of gasoline & fuel oil | | | 1973 | Athens: Black September bomb, 3 die, 55 injured | | 16 | 480 | Leonidas reaches Thermopylae with 300 Spartans and 700 Allies | | | 1153 | Crusaders invest Ascalon | | | 1298 | Battle of Castello di Caprona: the Florentines (including Dante) defeat the Pisans | | | 1513 | Battle of the Spurs: Henry VIII routs the French | | | 1717 | Austrians break Turkish siege of Belgrade against enormous odds | | | 1777 | Battle of Bennington, Vt: Americans defeat British | | | 1778 | French surrender Pondicherry to the British | | | 1780 | Battle of Camden: British decisively defeat Americans | | | 1812 | Gen. Isaac Hull surrenders Detroit & Michigan territory to England | | | 1819 | "Peterloo Massacre" - British troops fire on protesters at Manchester, 11 die | | | 1854 | Anglo-French forces capture Bomarsund, on the Baltic, from the Russians | | | 1855 | Battle of the Tchernaya: Russians fail to break Franco-Sardinian lines | | | 1859 | Giuseppe Garibaldi assumes command of the Army of the Italian League, formed by the provisional governments of Florence, Modena, Parma, and Bologna | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Fredericktown & Kirkville, Mo. | | | 1864 | Battle of Front Royal, Va | | | 1866 | Battle of Condino: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians | | | 1907 | Abd al-Hafid ousted as sultan of Morocco | | | 1914 | Adolf Hitler joins the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry | | | 1914 | Battle of Mt. Cher begins: Serbs repel an Austrian invasion by the 19th. | | | 1914 | Emiliano Zapata & Pancho Villa capture Mexico City | | | 1916 | Sixth Battle of the Isonzo ends (from Aug 6) | | | 1918 | US troops capture Archangelsk | | | 1934 | US ends occupation of Haiti, begun in 1915 | | | 1942 | Ichiki Detachment (c. 1000) sails from Truk for Guadalcanal | | | 1942 | Japanese land reinforcements at Buna, in northwestern New Guinea | | | 1943 | 4th Marine Div is activated at Camp Pendleton | | | 1943 | BB Yamato arrives at Truk after a long refit. | | | 1943 | US troops encounter stiff resistance on Baanga I., near New Georgia | | | 1943 | Vella Lavella: 25th Infantry Div encounters moderate resistance. | | | 1945 | Soviet troops land on South Sakhalin. | | | 1946 | Calcutta: Muslim-Hindu rioting, 3000-4000 die | | | 1948 | Palestine: Arabs blow up Latrun pumping station | | 17 | 682 | Consecration of Pope Leo II (681-683), later canonized | | | 753 | The Rape of the Sabine Women | | | 1424 | Battle of Vereuil: Greatly outnumbered English defeat the French | | | 1505 | Florence’s mercenary army under Antonio Giacomini defeats the Venetian condottiere Bartolomeo d'Alviano, who was attempting to relieve the siege of Pisa | | | 1549 | Battle of Sampford Courtney: Lord Russell defeats the Earl of Arundel | | | 1745 | Tula, a slave, initiates the Great Curaçao slave insurrection, scores die in the following month | | | 1787 | Hungary grants Jews permission to pray in groups | | | 1807 | Robert Fulton's steamboat begins its first voyage from Albany to New York | | | 1808 | Napoleon seeks troops for Spain from brother King Louis of Holland | | | 1812 | First Battle of Pulotsk, Day 1: French v. Russians | | | 1812 | US frigate President captures British schooner L'Adeline | | | 1843 | Herman Melville enlists in the USS United States | | | 1846 | CDR Robert F Stockton declares California annexed to the US | | | 1862 | The "Great Sioux Uprising" begins in Minnesota | | | 1863 | Federal batteries & ships bombard Fort Sumter | | | 1891 | Battle of Lugalo/Zelewski’s Defeat: Wehehe tribesmen virtually wipe out a column of c. 400 German troops and askaris in German East Africa | | | 1914 | Battle of Stalluponen: Germans defeat the Russians in East Prussia | | | 1915 | German troops overrun Kovno, Lithuania | | | 1916 | Bulgarian offensive in Macedonia | | | 1917 | Soldier poets Siegfried Sassoon & Wilfred Owen meet in a military hospital | | | 1918 | British troops capture Baku, Azerbaijan | | | 1940 | FDR & Canadian PM William McKenzie King agree to create a joint defense commission | | | 1940 | Greece mobilizes | | | 1942 | First independent US bomber raid in Europe, against Rouen | | | 1942 | Ichiki Detachment lands on Guadalcanal, at Taivu and Kokumbona. | | | 1942 | Marine 2nd Raider Bn raids Makin Island, Gilbert I. [ends 18th] | | | 1943 | Japanese reinforcements land on Vella Lavella, DDs beat off U.S. DDs | | | 1943 | US troops under Gen Patton capture Messina | | | 1943 | Wewak, New Guinea: U.S./Aussie air raid, 100 Japanese a/c destroyed | | | 1944 | Surviving Japanese complete withdrawal from India | | | 1945 | B-32 bombers attacked by Japanese a/c over Tokyo, without casualties. | | | 1945 | Imperial kinsman Prince Higashikuni forms a new Japanese cabinet | | | 1959 | Arleigh Burke is appointed to an unprecedented 3rd term as CNO | | | 1960 | Francis Gary Powers' U-2 spy trial opens in Moscow, on his birthday | | 18 | 480 | Persian host arrives before Thermopylae | | | 1276 | Pope Adrian V - Ottobuono Fieschi (12 Jul-18 Aug 1276) | | | 1304 | Battle of Mons-en-Peleve: The French defeat the Flemings | | | 1462 | Battle of Troia: Ferrante I defeats pro-Angevin rebels, ending the Neapolitan 2nd Barons' War | | | 1487 | Spanish liberate Malaga from the Moors. | | | 1690 | Battle of Staffarda: French defeat the Piedmontese/Imperialists in Lombardy | | | 1691 | Battle of Slankanem: Imperialists defeat the Turks | | | 1796 | The Treaty of San Idelfonso: Bourbon Spain allies itself with Revolutionary France, ceding Louisiana in exchange for Tuscany | | | 1812 | First Battle of Pulotsk, Day 2: French defeat the Russians, to capture the city | | | 1838 | U.S. Exploring Expedition under Lt Charles Wilkes begins world cruise | | | 1846 | Maj. Gen. Stephen Watts Kearney captures Santa Fe | | | 1864 | Petersburg Campaign: Battle of Weldon Railroad begins | | | 1866 | Battle of Pieve di Ledro: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians | | | 1870 | Battles of Gravelotte/St. Privat/Mars-la-Tour: Prussians blockade the French in Metz. | | | 1876 | Japanese Imperial troops drive rebels from Kogoshima | | | 1911 | Esther Voorhees Hasson is appointed the first Sup't of the Navy Nurse Corps | | | 1913 | Veterans of Foreign Wars is organized | | | 1914 | Pres Wilson issues Proclamation of Neutrality | | | 1924 | France begins removing troops from the Rhur | | | 1942 | Japanese troops land unnoticed at Basabura, New Guinea. | | | 1943 | Baanga: US forces capture Japanese guns shelling Munda | | | 1943 | Nationalist Chinese charge they are being ignored by the Allies. | | | 1944 | Sub Rasher sinks Japanese CVE Taiyo off Luzon | | | 1945 | B-32s damaged by Japanese a/c over Tokyo, down three attackers. | | | 1945 | Soviet troops land in the Kuriles. | | | 1947 | Naval arsenal explosion at Cadiz, Spain, 300 die | | | 1961 | Construction on Berlin Wall completed | | | 1991 | Anti-reform coup in the USSR, PM Gorbachev is arrested | | 19 | 0 | National Aviation Day | | | 43 | Octavian (19) & QUINTUS Pedius (C. 40) appointed suffect Consuls | | | 1099 | First Crusaders defeat the Saracens at Ascalon | | | 1153 | Ascalon falls to King Baldwin III of Jerusalem | | | 1263 | King Jaime I of Argon censors Hebrew writings | | | 1388 | Battle of Otterburn: The Scots defeat the English | | | 1444 | Battle of Montolmo: Muzio Attendolo Sforza defeats the League of the Porta Giovia | | | 1458 | Enea Silvio de' Piccolomini is elected Pope as Pius II (1458-1464) | | | 1534 | Khyar-adin Barbarossa seizes Tunis | | | 1812 | USS Constitution takes HMS Guerriere in a celebrated fight | | | 1818 | Capt James Biddle, USN, claims the Oregon Territory for the US | | | 1861 | Combat at Charlestown/Bird's Town, Mo | | | 1917 | Battle of the Bainsizza (11th Isonzo) begins (to Sep 12) | | | 1934 | Hitler becomes Fuhrer by 95.7% of voters, in a one-man election | | | 1936 | The Purges: Kamenev & Zinovjev tried for "Trotskyism" | | | 1942 | Canadians take heavy casualties raiding Dieppe | | | 1942 | German Sixth Army ordered to capture Stalingrad | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal: 5th Marines skirmish with Ichiki Detachment. | | | 1942 | Japanese convoys land reinforcements at Buna, NE New Guinea. | | | 1942 | Japanese dispatch 1500 troops from Rabaul by convoy for Guadalcanal | | | 1942 | Papua: Aussie 21st Bde leaves Port Moresby to support Maroubra Force. | | | 1943 | Catholic Church excommunicates Belgian Nazi leader Leon Degrelle | | | 1943 | Heavy Allied air raids on Wewak, New Guinea. | | | 1943 | Sub I-17 sunk by U.S. a/c and N.Z. corvette Moa, Espiritu Santo | | | 1944 | FDR sends envoy to China to reconcile Nationalists & Communists | | | 1944 | French Resistance initiaes five days of fighting to liberate Paris | | | 1960 | U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers convicted of spying by USSR | | | 1978 | Islamists torch a theater in Abadan, Iran, 400 die | | | 1981 | USS Nimitz a/c down Libyan a/c that attacked over international waters | | | 1982 | Soyuz T-7 launched, Svetlana Savtiskaya 2nd woman in space | | | 1986 | Car bomb explosion in Tehran, 20 die | | | 1991 | Abortive hard-line communist coup in USSR | | 20 | 0 | Feast of St. Bernard, Patron of Travelers | | | 480 | "Go, tell the Spartans, we lie here in obedience to their orders." [Trad] | | | 480 | Naval Battle of Artemesium: Greek fleet evades the Persians [Trad] | | | 636 | Battle of the Yarmuk: After six days of fighting Arab forces under Khalid ibn al-Walid inflict a devastating defeat on the Byzantines under Heraclius, securing Syria for Islam | | | 917 | Battle of Anchialus: Simeon the Great of the Bulgars defeats the Byzantines | | | 1119 | Battle of Bremule/Brenneville: Henry I of England defeats Louis IV of France | | | 1499 | Second Naval Battle of Sapienza: Turks & Venetians clash | | | 1648 | Battle of Lens: The Great Conde feigns retreat to rout a larger Austrian force | | | 1673 | The Texel: Dutch fleet defeats an Anglo-French attempt to invade the Netherlands | | | 1781 | Washington marches from NY to fight Cornwallis at Yorktown | | | 1794 | Gen “Mad” Anthony Wayne routs Indians at Fallen Timbers, Ohio | | | 1847 | Battle of Contreras: Brig Gen Franklin Pierce breaks the Mexican front | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Hawk's Nest, WVa | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Jonesboro, Ms | | | 1866 | Pres Andrew Johnson formally declares the Civil War over | | | 1882 | Tchaikovsky's "1812 Overture" debuts in Moscow, with help from the gunners of the Imperial Guard | | | 1914 | Battle of Gumbinnen: Russians defeat Germans in East Prussia | | | 1914 | German forces occupy Brussels | | | 1915 | Italy declares war on Turkey | | | 1918 | Britain opens offensive on Western Front | | | 1926 | Uprising against Reza Shah Pahlavi in Persia | | | 1935 | Coup by President Ibarra & General Pons in Ecuador | | | 1940 | Leon Trotsky is mortally wounded in Mexico City by a Stalinist agent | | | 1940 | Winston says, "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few" | | | 1942 | CVE Long Island lands 31 Marine aircraft on Guadalcanal | | | 1942 | Japanese order landing of 1500 troops at Milne Bay, southeastern Papua | | | 1942 | Wartime dim-out begins in San Francisco | | | 1943 | Kiska secured, as Japanese had left prior to Allied landing on the 15th | | | 1943 | Marines take Baanga I, at a cost of 52 killed and 110 wounded | | | 1944 | Biak I., off New Guinea, is cleared of Japanese forces after 3 months | | | 1944 | Charles de Gaulle returns to France | | | 1944 | Russian offensive at Iasi & Kishinev, Romania | | | 1945 | Br recon a/c over Burma are fired upon by Japanese antiaircraft batteries. | | | 1945 | Japanese forces in China cease fire. | | | 1945 | Red Chinese forces occupy Kalgan, northwest of Peking | | | 1945 | Russian troops capture Harbin & Mukden, Manchuria | | | 1945 | Tokyo: second anti-armistice coup is supressed | | | 1955 | Anti-French rioting in Morocco and Algeria, hundreds die | | | 1955 | USAF Col. Horace A. Hanes' SuperSaber reaches 40,000 feet and 822.135 mph | | | 1959 | Belgium shortens conscription to 12 months | | | 1968 | Czechoslovakia is invaded by 650,000 Warsaw Pact troops, ending the “Prague Spring” | | | 1978 | Gunmen open fire on an El Al bus in London | | | 1982 | US Marines land in Beirut | | | 1988 | IRA landmine demolishes a British military bus, 8 die | | | 1991 | Estonia declares independence from the USSR | | 21 | 1192 | Minamoto Yoritomo is named Shogun | | | 1321 | 160 Jews burned at the stake in Chinon, France | | | 1482 | Battle of Civita Latina/Campomorto (“Field of the Dead”): Roberto Malatesta’s Papal Army defeats the Neapolitans, to recover Rome for the Pope | | | 1568 | Battle of Nijmegen: Spanish defeat the Dutch | | | 1680 | Pueblo Indians capture Santa Fe from the Spanish | | | 1740 | Admiral Lord Vernon introduces a daily issue of “grog” in the Royal Navy, a practice that endures until 1970 | | | 1799 | Russian Marshal Suvorov captures Alessandria, Italy, from the French | | | 1800 | First public concert by the U.S. Marine Corps Band, Washington, DC | | | 1808 | Battle of Vimiero: Wellington forces the French to abandon Portugal | | | 1831 | Nat Turner initites a slave rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia | | | 1860 | Anglo-French force captures the Taku Forts at Tientsin | | | 1861 | James A. Garfield is commissioned Lt Col of the 42nd Ohio | | | 1863 | Quantrill's Confederate brigands raid Lawrence, Ks | | | 1864 | Battle of Summit Point, Va | | | 1866 | Battle of Bezzeca: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians | | | 1938 | Italy bars Jewish teachers in public education | | | 1942 | Australian 18th Brigade reinforces Milne Bay. | | | 1942 | Battle of Ibsuschenskii: Italian cavalry routes a Russian infantry regiment | | | 1942 | German alpine troops plant the Nazi flag on Mt. Elbruz, the Caucasus | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal – Battle of the Tenaru River: Marines crush the Ichiki Detachment on Alligator Creek | | | 1942 | New Guinea: Japanese land reinforcements at Basabura | | | 1942 | US DDs and APDs resupply Guadalcanal, with loss of one destroyer. | | | 1943 | Andrei Gromyko named Soviet ambassador in Washington | | | 1943 | Heavy Allied air raids on Wewak, New Guinea. | | | 1943 | Japanese a/c raid shipping off Vella Lavella, with little effect. | | | 1944 | B-29s from Ceylon begin raids on Japanese installations on Sumatra. | | | 1945 | Pres Truman ends the Lend-Lease program | | | 1953 | Sultan Sidi Mohammed Am Joessoef V of Morocco deposed | | | 1983 | South Korean 747 airliner is shot own by Russian aircraft, 269 die | | | 1987 | Marine Sgt Clayton Lonetree convicted of spying for the KGB while an embassy guard in Moscow | | | 1991 | Communist coup is crushed in USSR after two days | | | 1991 | Latvia declares independence from the USSR | | 22 | 1138 | "Battle of the Standard"/North Allerton/Cowton Moor: Archbishop Thurston of York defeats King David I of Scotland | | | 1454 | Moravia: King Ladislas expels the Jews from Bruno | | | 1485 | Battle of Bosworth Field: Henry VII defeats Richard III | | | 1499 | Third Naval Battle of Sapienza: Turks and Venetians clash | | | 1642 | English Civil War begins: King Charles I takes up arms against Parliament | | | 1707 | Daun's Austrians invest Gaeta (stormed, September 30) | | | 1791 | Haitian Slave Revolution begins under voodoo priest Boukman | | | 1848 | U.S. Grant marries Julia Dent, with James Longstreet in attendance | | | 1851 | First America's Cup Race, won by the schooner America | | | 1858 | Queen Victoria and President Buchanan exchange greetings via the Atlantic cable | | | 1862 | Battle of Catlett's Station, Va | | | 1862 | Santee Sioux Indians attack Fort Ridgely | | | 1864 | Geneva Convention: 12 nations establish the International Red Cross | | | 1877 | Nez Perce Indians flee to Yellowstone National Park | | | 1910 | Japan annexes Korea | | | 1914 | Cavalry skirmish near Mons: First Anglo-German engagement of World War I | | | 1942 | Army P-400s land at Henderson field from New Caledonia. | | | 1942 | Brazil declares war on Germany, Japan, & Italy | | | 1942 | Savo: Japanese DD Kawakaze torpedoes US DD Blue, which is towed to Tulagi. | | | 1943 | Marines occupy undefended Nukufetau in the Ellice Islands. | | | 1943 | Soviet troops free Karkov | | | 1943 | U.S. destroyers shell Finschhafen, in eastern New Guinea. | | | 1944 | Japanese abandon Ulithi in the Carolines. | | | 1944 | Japanese counterattack on the Salween, Burma, is repelled by Chinese. | | | 1962 | Charles De Gaulle evades an assassination attempt | | 23 | 406 | Battle of Faesulae: Stilicho's Romans defeat the Goths | | | 476 | Odoacer elected "King of Italy" by Germanic barbarians | | | 1242 | Battle of Taillebourg: The French defeat the English | | | 1268 | Conradin von Hohenstaufen defeated by the Angevins at Tagliacozzo | | | 1328 | Battle of Cassel: The French defeat the Flemings | | | 1328 | King Philip VI of France, crowned | | | 1514 | Battle of Chaldiran: Gun-armed Turks defeat the Persians | | | 1775 | George III declares that the American colonies are in a state of rebellion | | | 1813 | Battle of Grossbeeren: von Bulow's Prussians repulse the French | | | 1821 | Mexico declares independence from Spain | | | 1828 | Brazil defeats Argentina in the naval battle of Chico Bank | | | 1839 | The British capture Hong Kong | | | 1848 | Battle of Ligurno: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians | | | 1860 | Triumphal landing of Garibaldi in Calabria | | | 1864 | Fall of Ft Morgan at Mobile, AL | | | 1866 | Treaty of Prague ends Seven Weeks War; Prussian & Italy vs. Austria | | | 1914 | Germans execute 665 civilians at Dinant, Belgium, as fancs-tireurs | | | 1914 | Japan enters World War I against Germany | | | 1916 | Military court in Berlin sentences Socialist Karl Liebknecht to 4 years | | | 1929 | Palestinian Arabs attack Jews | | | 1939 | Nazi-Soviet Pact: Hitler and Stalin agree to cooperation in the plundering of Europe | | | 1940 | The Luftwaffe begins night raids on London | | | 1942 | Battle of Stalingrad begins | | | 1942 | Damaged U.S. destroyer Blue is scuttled at Tulagi. | | | 1942 | Japanese cruisers and destroyers shell Nauru. | | | 1942 | Nocturnal Japanese destroyer raid on Henderson Field | | | 1942 | US 40th Infantry Div departs San Francisco for Hawaii. | | | 1942 | US recon a/c spot Japanese force intent on reinforcing Guadalcanal | | | 1943 | Japanese sub I-25 reconnoiters Espiritu Santo with a small scout plane. | | | 1943 | Red army recaptures Karkov | | | 1944 | 6th Marine Div begins forming on Guadalcanal. | | | 1944 | Franco-American troops liberate Marseilles | | | 1944 | Romania liberated from Nazi occupation, King Michael abdicates | | | 1945 | Soviet troops occupy Paramushiro, in the Kuriles. | | | 1948 | Count Bernadotte asks aid for fugitives to Palestine | | | 1990 | Armenia declares independence from the Soviet Union | | | 1992 | Neo-Nazis riot in Rostock, Germany | | 24 | 410 | Alaric's Visigoths begin a polite three-day sack of Rome | | | 1179 | Saladin besieges Castle Chastelet (falls, 29th) | | | 1217 | Naval Battle of Dover: The English defeat the French, partially by pouring quicklime into the sea to create a smoke screen | | | 1246 | Kuyuk becomes Kakhan of the Mongols | | | 1346 | Battle of Blanquetaque: The English defeat the French | | | 1349 | Blamed for the plague, 6,000 Jews are killed in Mainz | | | 1349 | Jews of Cologne set themselves on fire to avoid forced baptism | | | 1391 | Massacred of Jews in Palma, Majorca, | | | 1412 | Venetians defeat the Hungarians at Matta, Friulia | | | 1415 | Portuguese capture Ceuta, Morocco, from the Moors | | | 1503 | Guidobaldo da Montefeltre recaptures San Leo from Cesare Borgia | | | 1516 | Battle of Marg Dabir: The Turks defeat the Mamlukes to conquer Egypt | | | 1569 | Battle of Orthez: The French Huguenots defeat the French Catholics | | | 1572 | St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre: French Catholics slaughter Protestants | | | 1632 | Battle of Altendorf: Gustavus Adolphus loses to the Imperialists | | | 1704 | Naval battle off Malaga | | | 1789 | 1st Battle of Ruotsinaslami/Svenksund: Russian fleet defeats Swedes | | | 1814 | The British burn Washington, after Sir George Cockburn eats Pres. Madison's dinner in the White House | | | 1868 | Paraguayan fortress of Humaita surrenders to the Brazilian fleet. | | | 1904 | Battle of Liao-Yang; Japanese defeat Russians | | | 1921 | Battle of Sakara begins between Turkey & Greece | | | 1921 | British airship R-38 crashes in the Humber; 44 die | | | 1929 | Palestinians attack orthodox Jews in Jerusalem | | | 1937 | Spanish Republican offensive at Belchite | | | 1940 | Liberty magazine begins serial "Lightning in the Night," which opens with a Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor | | | 1941 | British and Soviet troops invade Iran | | | 1942 | Eastern Solomons: Saratoga a/c sink Ryujo; damaged Enterprise lands 11 dive bombers on Henderson Field. | | | 1942 | Nocturnal Japanese destroyer shelling of Henderson Field | | | 1942 | SNLF troops land in the Goodenough Islands, off northeastern New Guinea. | | | 1943 | Lord Louis Mountbatten named Supreme Allied Commander, Southeast Asia. | | | 1944 | Br Far Eastern Fleet carriers raid Padang, in southwestern Sumatra. | | | 1945 | Red Chinese forces occupy Chefoo and Wei-hai-wei. | | | 1949 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) established | | | 1970 | Anti-war protesters bomb U of Wisconsin's Army Math Research Center, 1 dies | | | 1991 | Gorbachev resigns as head of Communist Party of the USSR | | | 1991 | Ukraine declares independence from USSR | | 25 | 79 | Mt Vesuvius does its thing | | | 716 | Arab-Barbarian hordes lay siege to Constantinople (retire, 15 Aug 717) | | | 1212 | Children's Crusaders reach Genoa | | | 1261 | Michael VIII Palaeologus captures Constantinople, restoring the Byzantine Empire | | | 1499 | Fourth Naval Battle of Sapienza: Turks defeat the Venetians, to begin the conquest of the Morea | | | 1537 | King Henry VIII charters the “Ancient and Honourable Artillery Company” of London | | | 1580 | Battle of Alcantara: Spain defeats and annexes Portugal | | | 1689 | Montreal taken by the Iroquois | | | 1722 | Indians raid settlements along the Kennebec River, Maine, initiating the "Three Years’ War" | | | 1734 | Battle of Bitonto: Charles of Borbon-Parma defeats the Austrians to make himself King of Naples | | | 1758 | Battle of Zorndorf: Frederick the Great defeats the Russians | | | 1759 | British capture Ft Niagara from the French | | | 1825 | Uruguay declares independence from Brazil | | | 1825 | USMA Cadet Jefferson Davis penalized for imbibing, and on the Sabbath | | | 1830 | Belgium revolts against the Netherlands | | | 1849 | French marines & sailors occupy Honolulu, to force toleration of Catholicism | | | 1862 | US SecWar authorizes Gen Rufus Saxton to arm 5,000 slaves | | | 1864 | Petersburg Campaign: Battle of Ream's Station | | | 1867 | Battle of Monterotondo: the Papal Army defeats the Garibaldini | | | 1905 | First Presidential submarine dive: Theodore Roosevelt in the USS Plunger in Sag Harbor, staying under nearly an hour. | | | 1914 | Namur surrenders to the Germans | | | 1921 | US signs peace treaty with Germany | | | 1937 | Japanese fleet blockades Chinese coast | | | 1940 | First RAF night bombing raid on Berlin | | | 1941 | English & Russian troops begin occupation of pro-German Iran | | | 1941 | German troops capture Novgorod, near Leningrad | | | 1942 | DD Mutsuki sunk by B-17s; the only known high altitude airplane kill of an underway warship | | | 1942 | Marine & Navy a/c attack Japanese reinforcing squadron near Guadalcanal. | | | 1942 | SNLF troops land at Milne Bay, but are contained. | | | 1943 | Australian 5th Div goes into action on the Salamaua front in New Guinea. | | | 1943 | Red Army liberates Smolensk | | | 1943 | US forces land on New Georgia in Solomon Islands | | | 1944 | Paris liberated from Nazi occupation | | | 1944 | U.S. troops defeat Japanese in the Aitape region, New Guinea | | | 1945 | Nationalist Chinese forces liberate Nanking. | | | 1957 | Prince Suvanna Phuma forms govt in Laos, with Pathet Lao | | 26 | 55 | Julius Caesar invades Britain | | | 846 | Moslem raiders sack the Vatican, but are repulsed from the walls of Rome | | | 1139 | Afonso the Conqueror is proclaimed first King of Portugal (1139-1185) | | | 1221 | Battle of Mansura: Ayyubids defeat the Crusaders | | | 1260 | Guelfs capture San Zeno after a 6 month siege, to bag Alberigo da Romano and his family | | | 1278 | Battle of Durnkurut: The Habsburgs defeat the Bohemians | | | 1278 | Battle of the Marchfeld: Rudolf of Habsburg defeats Ottokar II | | | 1346 | Battle of Crecy: English longbows defeat the French | | | 1549 | Battle of Dussindale: The Earl of Warwick defeats Robert Kett | | | 1652 | Naval battle off Plymouth | | | 1768 | Capt James Cook departs Plymouth in HM Brig Endeavour on his first voyage of exploration. | | | 1775 | First Congressional action on veterans' benefits | | | 1782 | French fleet captures Trincomalee from the British | | | 1813 | Battle of Dresden, Day 1: Austro-Russo-Prussians attack Napoleon | | | 1813 | Battle of Pirna: The French Defeat the Prussians | | | 1813 | Battle of the Katzbach: The French Defeat the Prussians | | | 1839 | USS Washington seizes the Spanish ship Amistad, manned by self-liberated slaves, off Montauk Point | | | 1843 | The USS Missouri, the first steam waship to cross the Atlantic, and the most powerful frigate in the world, is destroyed by fire & a magazine explosion at Gibraltar | | | 1848 | Battle of Morazzone: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians | | | 1861 | Combat at Cross Lanes/Summerville, WVa | | | 1863 | Battle of Rocky Gap WVa (White Sulphur Springs) | | | 1883 | Krakatoa erupts, kills 36,000 | | | 1914 | Battle of Le Cateau: desperate British rear-guard action against the Germans | | | 1914 | Battle of Tannenberg: German Eighth Army defeats Russian Narev Army | | | 1914 | German Togoland surrenders to Anglo-French forces after a three week campaign | | | 1914 | HM Light Cruiser Highflyer sinks the German armed merchant cruiser/liner Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse off Rio de Oro | | | 1915 | German troops capture Brest-Litovsk, Russia | | | 1917 | Arturo Toscanini (53), conducts an Italian army band under fire to celebrate the capture of Monte Santo, on the Bainsizza Plateau | | | 1937 | Franco's Nationalists capture Santander | | | 1939 | Belgium undertakes a preventive mobilization | | | 1942 | Australian troops at Milne Bay stoutly resist Japanese landing force. | | | 1942 | Japanese troops occupy Nauru Island | | | 1942 | Ramgarh, India: US opens a training center for Chinese troops, to be flown over the Hump | | | 1942 | Russian counteroffensive begins at Moscow | | | 1942 | Vichy French police round up 7,000 Jews | | | 1943 | Italian sub Torelli reaches Sumatra, with critical materials | | | 1943 | U.S. bombers in China attack Japanese installations in Hong Kong. | | | 1944 | De Gaulle marches up the Champs-Elyses to Notre Dame | | | 1944 | Filipino guerrillas receive orders for the coming battle for liberation. | | | 1945 | Soviet troops occupy Matsuma, in the southern Kuriles. | | | 1978 | Albino Luciani is elected Pope as John Paul I (26 Aug - 28 Sep 1978) | | 27 | 413 | Eclipse prevents the escape of the Athenians from Syracuse | | | 479 | Battle of Mycale: Greeks crush the Persians in Ionia [Trad] | | | 479 | Battle of Plataea: Greeks crush the Persians in Boeotia [Trad] | | | 1130 | Pope Innocent II grants Sicily to Count Ruggero II of Calabria, when he conquers it | | | 1189 | King Guy of Jerusalem besieges Acre | | | 1626 | Battle of Lutter: Tilly's Imperials defeat Christian of Denmark | | | 1634 | Battle of Nordlingen: Gustavus Adolphus defeats the Imperialists | | | 1758 | British capture Fort Frontenac, forcing the French out of Pennsylvania | | | 1776 | Battle of Brooklyn/Long Island: British defeat the Americans | | | 1781 | Battle of Pollicore: outnumbered British defeat Mysore | | | 1810 | French magazine explodes in Almeida, causing heavy casualties | | | 1813 | Battle of Dresden, Day 2: Napoleon defeats the Allies | | | 1813 | Battle of Leitskau: Prussians crush French force | | | 1816 | Lord Exmouth's allied British-Dutch-Spanish-Italian fleet bombards Algiers into giving up piracy, yet again | | | 1828 | Uruguayan independence recognized by Brazil and Argentina | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Ball's Cross Roads, WVa | | | 1861 | Union amphibious force takes Ft Clark, Cape Hatteras | | | 1862 | Battle of Cub Run, Va | | | 1896 | England defeats Zanzibar in a 38 minute war (0902-0940) | | | 1914 | Battle of Heligoland Bight: Royal Navy defeats the German light forces | | | 1916 | Romania declares war on Austria-Hungary | | | 1920 | Dedication of the Altar to Liberty, in Greenwood Cemetery, to commemorate the Battle of Brooklyn | | | 1928 | Kellogg-Briand Pact: 60 nations agree that war is naughty | | | 1932 | International anti-war congress opens in Amsterdam | | | 1942 | Cuba declares war on Germany, Japan, & Italy | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal: 5th Marines raid Kokumbona | | | 1942 | Japanese reinforcements land at Milne Bay, against stout Aussie resistance | | | 1943 | Elms 43rd Inf Div land on Arundel Island in the Solomons, unopposed | | | 1943 | German-Croatian coup seizes Slovenia from Italian occupiers | | | 1943 | Germans begin systematic massacres of Italian troops in the Balkans | | | 1944 | Br 2nd Sub Flotilla reaches Ceylon. | | | 1945 | Over 41,000 Japanese surrender on Morotai and Halmahea | | | 1945 | Third Fleet enters Sagami Bay, south of Tokyo Bay. | | | 1945 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for General Charles de Gaulle. | | | 1945 | US troops begin landing in Japan after the surrender | | | 1958 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for CDR William Anderson & the crew of the USS Nautilus | | | 2002 | Sukhoi Su-27 crashes at the Lviv airshow, 85 die, c. 100 injured | | 28 | 51 | Cicero reviews his army at Iconium | | | 1105 | Third Battle of Ramalah: Crusaders defeat the Fatimids | | | 1238 | Jaime I of Aragon liberates Valencia from the Moors | | | 1364 | Battle of Cascina: Florentines ambush Pisans while they are bathing in the Arno | | | 1397 | Battle of Governolo: Anti-Visconti League defeats the Visconti | | | 1434 | Battle of Castel Bolognese: The Visconti defeat the Anti-Visconti League | | | 1512 | Papal-Spanish Army captures Prato from the Florentines amid great slaughter. | | | 1513 | Battle of Norham: King James IV of Scotland defeats the English | | | 1619 | Ferdinand II elected Holy Roman Emperor (1619-1637) | | | 1640 | Battle of Newburn: Scots defeat English to capture Newcastle | | | 1652 | Naval Battle of Plymouth: de Ruyter's Dutch defeat the English | | | 1739 | Battle of Stavuchany: Russians drive the Turks into the Danube. | | | 1812 | Treaty of Abo: Prince Bernadotte of Sweden & Tsar Alexander of Russia ally against Napoleon | | | 1861 | Union forces invest Ft. Hatteras, NC, which falls the next day | | | 1862 | Battle of Thoroughfare Gap, Va | | | 1862 | Rebel spy Belle Boyd released from the Old Capitol Prison | | | 1867 | Capt William Reynolds takes possession of Midway for the US | | | 1916 | Germany declares war on Romania | | | 1916 | Italy declares war on Germany | | | 1938 | Mauthausen concentration camp opens in Austria | | | 1939 | First successful jet flight, by a Heinkel He 178 | | | 1939 | The Netherlands undertakes a preventive mobilization | | | 1939 | The Royal Navy quietly issues mobilization orders | | | 1940 | French colonies of Cameroon & Congo throw in with de Gaulle’s Free French | | | 1942 | "Tokyo Express" lands reinforcements on Guadalcanal. | | | 1942 | BB Washington enters the Pacific via the Panama Canal. | | | 1942 | Milne Bay: Aussie & US troops beat off Japanese attacks. | | | 1943 | Elms 43rd Div advance on Arundel against light Japanese resistance. | | | 1943 | General strike against Nazi-occupiers in Denmark | | | 1943 | Marines occupy Nanomea in the Ellice Islands unopposed. | | | 1944 | B-24 raid on the Kuriles, Japanese Submarine Chaser No. 77 is sunk. | | | 1944 | LSM-270 commissioned at Newark, under Ens. Owen R. Meredith, USNR | | | 1986 | Former Navy WO Jerry Whitworth convicted of spying for the USSR | | | 1988 | Ramstein air show: Italian stunt jets collide, 70 die | | | 1990 | Iraq declares Kuwait its 19th province | | 29 | 1014 | Battle of Kleidion: Basil II slaughters the Bulgars, blinds 15,000 more | | | 1179 | Castle Chastelet, invested on the 24th, falls to Saladin | | | 1219 | Fifth Crusade: Damietta (Egypt), falls to the Moslems after a 17 month siege | | | 1261 | Jacques Pantaléon is elected Pope as Urban IV (1261-1264) | | | 1315 | Battle of Montecatini: The Pisans defeat the Florentines & Neapolitans | | | 1350 | Battle of Winchelsea: English defeat a Spanish mercenary fleet in French service | | | 1475 | Treaty of Picquigny: Settles Anglo-French tensions, for a time | | | 1484 | Giovanni Battista Cibò elected Pope as Innocent VIII (1484-1492) | | | 1526 | Battle of Mohacs: Lajos II of Hungary loses to Sultan Suleiman II of the Turks | | | 1612 | Battle of Kringellen: Scots in Swedish service crush Norwegians. | | | 1622 | Battle of Fleurs: Palatinate Germans routed by the Spanish | | | 1664 | Peter Stuyvesant surrenders Niew Netherlands to the Royal Navy, British regulars, & Connecticutt militiamen. | | | 1693 | Battle of Landen: costly French victory over the Allies | | | 1708 | French & Indians destroy Haverhill, Mass, | | | 1782 | English warship Royal George capsizes at Spithead, 900 die | | | 1842 | Treaty of Nanking: First Opium War ends | | | 1848 | Irish uprising at Tipperary is crush by the British | | | 1861 | Confederates surrender Ft Hatteras, NC, besieged since the 28th | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Lexington, Mo | | | 1862 | Battle of Aspromonte: Italian royal forces defeat Garibaldi | | | 1862 | Second Battle of Bull Run/Manassas/Gainesville/Bristoe Station | | | 1916 | Chinese troop transport Hsin-Yu collides with cruiser Hai-Yung, 1000 die | | | 1916 | Hindenburg replaces Falkenhayn as German chief-of-staff | | | 1939 | Chaim Weizmann informs England that Palestine Jews will fight in WW II | | | 1939 | Einstein writes to FDR about the A-Bomb | | | 1942 | Australian 21st Brigade relieves the Maroubra Force on the Kokoda Trail | | | 1942 | BB Yamato arrives at Truk, where she will swing at anchor for 7 months | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal: "Tokyo Express" lands elmts Japanese Kawaguchi Detachment | | | 1942 | Japanese cruisers attempt to support SNLF at Milne Bay with little success | | | 1944 | 15,000 American troops march down the Champs Elysee | | | 1944 | China: Japanese launch 11 division offensive against Kwelin & Liuchow. | | | 1945 | 4th Marines land at Yokosuka Naval Base | | | 1945 | British liberate Hong Kong from Japan | | | 1945 | Japanese forces in Southeast Asia surrender to the British. | | | 1949 | USSR explodes its first atomic bomb | | | 1956 | France sends troops to Cyprus in the Suez Crisis | | | 1958 | Air Force Academy moves to new facilities at Colorado Springs | | | 1990 | C-5 transport plane crashes at Ramstein AFB, Germany, killing 13 | | | 1997 | Islamic militants murder over 300 people in an Algerian village | | 30 | 536 | Athalaric becomes King of the Ostrogoths | | | 1125 | Election of Lothair I as King of Germany. | | | 1258 | Battle of Corticella d'Ogli: The Veronese defeat the Brescians | | | 1464 | Pietro Barbo is elected Pope as Paul II (1464-1471) | | | 1563 | Jews expelled from Neutitschlin, Moravia | | | 1645 | Treaty of Peace between New Netherlands & the Indians | | | 1748 | British begin two month siege of Pondicherry (fails) | | | 1757 | Battle of Gross Jägersdorf: Russians defeat the Prussians, but retreat anyway | | | 1780 | Benedict Arnold promises to betray West Point to the British | | | 1781 | Battle of the Chesapeake: French fleet defeats the Royal Navy, sealing the fate of Yorktown | | | 1813 | Battle of Kulm: Russo-Prussians defeat the French | | | 1842 | Battle of Ghoaine: British defeat the Afghans. | | | 1856 | John Brown raids Osawatomie, Kansas, 5 die | | | 1862 | Battle of Altamont: Confederates beat Union forces in Tennessee | | | 1862 | Battle of Richmond, Ky: Kirby Smith's Rebs defeat Horatio Wright's Yanks | | | 1888 | Lord Walsingham kills 1070 grouse in a single day | | | 1916 | Wilhelm II makes Paul von Hindenburg Chief of the General Staff | | | 1918 | Czechoslovakia proclaims independence from Austria-Hungary | | | 1918 | Fanya Kaplan shoots Lenin, unfortunately only wounds him; is later shot | | | 1932 | Hermann Goring elected chairman of the Reichstag | | | 1936 | USS Kane (DD-235) near-missed by a bomb from Spanish Nationalist aircraft which mistook her for a Republican vessel | | | 1937 | Near Shanghai the Chinese Air Force mistakes the liner President Hoover for a Japanese ship, inflicting light damage. | | | 1939 | Poland mobilizes | | | 1940 | The "Second Vienna Award," Hitler takes Transylvania from Romania and gives it to Hungary | | | 1941 | Nazis begin Siege of Leningrad | | | 1942 | Egypt: Rommel begins the Battle of Alam Halfa | | | 1942 | Guadalcanal: U.S. DDs and APDs land reinforcements, lose one ship. | | | 1942 | Nazi Germany annexes Luxembourg | | | 1942 | Papua: Japanese abandon landings at Milne Bay, but press forward on the Kokoda Trail | | | 1942 | U.S. troops land on unoccupied Adak Island, in the Aleutians. | | | 1944 | 6th Infantry Div completes movement from San Francisco to Hawaii | | | 1944 | Soviet troops enter Bucharest, Romania | | | 1945 | 11th Airborne Div flies into Atsugi Airfield, Japan | | | 1945 | Gen MacArthur arrives in Japan | | | 1945 | Surface combatants of TF 38 enter Tokyo Bay. | | | 1951 | US-Philippines mutual defense treaty signed | | | 1956 | White rioters block enrollment of blacks at Mansfield HS, Texas | | | 1961 | Last Spanish troops leave Morocco | | | 1991 | Azerbaijan declares independence from the USSR | | | 2007 | The Governor of Virginia pardons Gabriel Prosser and 34 others, hanged at Richmond for a “servile insurrection” this date in 1800 | | 31 | 30 | Skirmish outside Alexandria: Antony wins a small victory over Octavian, in the last battle of the Roman Civil Wars | | | 257 | Accession of Pope St. Sixtus II (31 Aug 257-6 Aug 258) | | | 1346 | Edward III of England besieges Calais | | | 1378 | Massacre of the Ciompi (revolutionary cloth workers) at Florence. | | | 1423 | Battle of Cravant: French defeated by the Anglo-Burgundians | | | 1449 | Guelf insurrection at Florence. | | | 1546 | Battle of Ingolstadt: Imperialists defeat the Schamlkaldic League | | | 1642 | Venice, Tuscany, Parma, & Modena form an alliance against Pope Urban VIII, to restore Odoardo Farnese to the Duchy of Castro | | | 1644 | Battle of Fowey: Cornish Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians | | | 1778 | British troops kill 17 Stockbridge Indians in the Bronx | | | 1842 | US Naval Observatory authorized by an act of Congress | | | 1842 | USN Bureaus created - "CNOs come and go, but the Bureaus go on forever" | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Munson's Hill, Va | | | 1864 | Atlanta Campaign: Battle of Jonesborough | | | 1888 | Jack the Ripper begins his work | | | 1900 | British troops capture Johannesburg | | | 1907 | England, Russia, & France form Triple Entente | | | 1915 | Bersaglieri reservist Benito Mussolini is called up for service in the Great War | | | 1923 | Italian troops occupy Corfu | | | 1935 | "Shock Worker" Aleksei Stakhanov (1903-1977), allegedly digs 102 tons in 6 hours, at the Central Irmino Coal Mine | | | 1935 | FDR signs an act prohibiting export of US arms to belligerents | | | 1940 | "Free Netherlands," an underground resistance newspaper, begins publication, while the German occupiers initiate soap rationing | | | 1942 | Santa Cruz I.: CV Saratoga torpedoed by Japanese sub I-26 | | | 1943 | Aussie 9th Div sails from Milne Bay for landing near Lae, NE New Guinea. | | | 1943 | Japanese occupiers intern Jewish Congregation of Sorabaya | | | 1943 | U.S. troops occupy Baker I, Central Pacific. | | | 1944 | Allied offensive against the Gothic Line in Italy | | | 1944 | Chinese forces in north Burma and south China approach linkup | | | 1944 | MacArthur declares declares Noemfoor secured; fighting continues. | | | 1949 | The 83rd - and last - GAR encampment, attended by 6 of the 14 remaining members | | | 1963 | Moscow-Washington "Hot Line" established | | | 1991 | Kyrgyzistan declares independence from the USSR | | | 1994 | The last Russian toops in Germany are withdrawn |
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