| 1 | 1283 | Ludwig IV of Bavaria, Holy Roman Emperor (1314-47) |
| | 1815 | Otto Von Bismarck |
| | 1823 | Simon Bolivar Buckner, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1914 |
| | 1918 | The RAF, created from the Royal Flying Corps & Royal Navy Air Service |
| | 1920 | Toshiro Mifune, IJAAF, actor (“Midway”), d. 1997 |
| | 1922 | William Manchester, Marine, historian ("Goodbye Darkness") |
| 2 | 323 | BC Alexander IV of Macedon (323-309), presumed son of Alexander the Great |
| | 742 | Charlemagne, King of the Franks, Holy Roman Emperor, d. 814 |
| | 1725 | Giacomo Casanova, who somehow found time to soldier |
| | 1826 | Philip Dale Roddey, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1897 |
| | 1833 | Thomas Howard Ruger, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1907 |
| | 1914 | Alec Guinness, actor ("Lawrence of Arabia," "Bridge on the River Kwai") |
| | 1920 | Jack Webb, actor ("The DI") |
| | 1925 | George MacDonald Fraser, soldier, author ("Flashman"), d 2008 |
| 3 | 963 | Duke William III of Aquitaine (935-963), b. 915. |
| | 1245 | King Philip III "the Stout" of France (1270-1285) |
| | 1367 | King Henry IV Bolingbroke of England (1399-1413) |
| | 1783 | Washington Irving, historian (“The Conquest of Granada”) |
| | 1798 | Charles D Wilkes, explorer, naval officer, U.S, d. 1877 |
| | 1822 | Edward Everett Hale, author (“The Man Without a Country”) |
| | 1842 | Ulric Dahlgren, Col., U.S., kia, 1864 |
| | 1866 | James Herzog, Boer general |
| | 1893 | Leslie Howard, soldier, actor (“The Scarlet Pimpernel”), k. 1943 |
| | 1914 | Sam H.F.J. Maneksaw, Indian field marshal, d. 2008 |
| | 1917 | Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, “A Soldier of Orange”; d. 2007 |
| | 1926 | Virgil Grissom, USAF astronaut (Mercury 4, Gemini 3) |
| | 1955 | Aleksander Nikolayevich Yablontsev, cosmonaut |
| 4 | 186 | Septimius Bassianus, later known as M. Aurelius Antoninus Caesar, the Roman Emperor Caracalla (211-217), at Lugdunum |
| | 1814 | John Blair Smith Todd, Brig Gen. U.S., d. 1872 |
| | 1817 | John Wilson Sprague, Brig Gen., U.S., d. 1893 |
| | 1820 | Charles Devens Jr, Brig Gen., U.S., d. 1891 |
| | 1823 | Robert Byington Mitchell, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1831 | Edward Cary Walthall, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1898 |
| | 1884 | Isoroku Takano, later Yamamoto, k. 1943 |
| | 1897 | Pierre Fresnay, French actor ("The Grand Illusion") |
| | 1943 | Ian Robertson, director, Britain's National Army Museum |
| 5 | 1643 | Duke Charles V Leopold of Lorraine, Imperial Field Marshal |
| | 1795 | Henry Havelock, British general, inventor of "the Havelock," d. 1857 |
| | 1818 | Lewis Baldwin Parsons, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1822 | James Nagle, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1866 |
| | 1825 | David Rumph "Neighbor" Jones, Maj Gen, C.S.A. |
| | 1857 | Prince Alexander-Jozef von Battenberg of Bulgaria (1879-1886) |
| | 1900 | Spencer Tracy, actor ("Thirty Second Over Tokyo") |
| | 1908 | Herbert von Karajan, Austrian Nazi, conductor |
| | 1923 | Nguyen Van Thieu, South Vietnamese soldier & president (1965-1975) |
| | 1937 | Colin Powell, general, national security advisor, secretary of state |
| 6 | 1498 | Giovanni de’Medici – Giovanni degli Bande Nere – condottiero, d/w 1526 |
| | 1630 | Chatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsle, founder of the Maratha Empire, d. 1680 |
| | 1828 | Charles William Field, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1892 |
| | 1890 | Anthony Herman Gerard Fokker, Holland, aircraft designer |
| | 1892 | Donald Douglas, aircraft designer (DC-3/C-47, etc.) |
| | 1892 | Lowell Thomas, war correspondent |
| 7 | 1756 | King Charles Felix of Sardinia (1821-1831) |
| | 1771 | Michele "Fra Diavolo" Pezza, at Itri, Naples, resistance fighter, executed 1806 |
| | 1801 | Henry Eagle, naval officer, U.S., d. 1882 |
| | 1822 | Gershom Mott, Maj Gen, U.S. |
| | 1882 | Kurt von Schleicher, German chancellor (12/2/32-1/28/33) |
| | 1893 | Allan W Dulles, OSS, CIA |
| 8 | 1460 | Ponce de Leon, conquistador and explorer |
| | 1605 | King Philip IV of Spain (1621-65)& Portugal (1621-40) |
| | 1726 | Lewis Morris, Signer of the Declaration of Independence |
| | 1731 | William Williams, Signer of the Declaration of Independence |
| | 1818 | King Christian IX of Denmark (1863-1906) |
| | 1828 | George Baird Hodge, Brig Gen, C.S.A. |
| | 1832 | Count Alfred von Waldersee, Prussian field marshal |
| | 1875 | Albert I of Saxe-Coburg, King of Belgium (1909-34) |
| | 1929 | Renzo de Felice, historian ("Mussolini"), d. 1996 |
| 9 | 1812 | Randolph Barnes Marcy, Brig Gen, U.S.A., d. 1887 |
| | 1826 | Thomas Hewson Neill, Brig Gen, U.S.A., d. 1885 |
| | 1835 | King Leopold II of Belgium, Lord of the Congo Free State (1865-1909) |
| | 1865 | Erich Ludendorff, German general |
| | 1872 | Leon Blum, French Popular Front premier, appeaser |
| | 1898 | Paul Robeson, Stalinist stooge, actor, folklorist |
| | 1933 | Jean-Paul Belmondo, actor ("Dunkerque") |
| 10 | 401 | Theodosius II the Younger, Roman Emperor (408-450) |
| | 1512 | King James I of Scots (1513-42) |
| | 1583 | Hugo Grotius, father of international law |
| | 1769 | Jean Lannes, Marshal of France, kia 1809 |
| | 1783 | Hortense de Beauharnais, Napoleon’s step-daughter, Queen of Holland (1806-10), mother of Napoleon III, d. 1837 |
| | 1794 | Matthew Calbraith Perry, naval officer, who opened Japan |
| | 1806 | Leonidas Polk, Episcopal Bishop, inept Lt Gen, C.S.A, KIA 1864 |
| | 1823 | Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb, Brig Gen, C.S.A. |
| | 1827 | Lewis Wallace, Maj Gen, U.S., author ("Ben Hur") |
| | 1833 | David McMurtrie Gregg, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1833 | James Edward Rains, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862 |
| 11 | 146 | Septimius Severus, Roman Emperor (193-211) |
| | 1370 | Elector Frederick I “the Warlike” of Saxony |
| | 1492 | Queen Marguerite d'Angouleme of Navarre |
| | 1794 | Edward Everett, long-winded orator at Gettysburg |
| | 1837 | Col. Ephraim Elmer Ellsworth, New York Fire Zouaves, k 1861 |
| | 1902 | Quentin Reynolds, war correspondent, historian ("Custer's Last Stand") |
| | 1919 | Hugh Carey, National Guardsman, N.Y. governor |
| | 1942 | Anatoli Berezovoi, cosmonaut (Soyuz T-5) |
| 12 | 1577 | King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway |
| | 1579 | Francois de Bassompierre, Marshal of France |
| | 1724 | Lyman Hall, Signer of the Declaration of Independence |
| | 1793 | Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary |
| | 1831 | George Burgwyn Anderson, Brig Gen, C.S.A. |
| | 1831 | Grenville Mellen Dodge, Brig. Gen, U.S. |
| | 1871 | Ioannis Metaxas, Greek general, dictator (1936-1941) |
| | 1907 | Felix de Weldon, sculptor (“The Marine Corps Memorial”), d. 2003 |
| | 1937 | Igor Petrovich Volk, Russia, cosmonaut |
| 13 | 1570 | Guy Fawkes, the only man who went into Parliament knowing exactly what he wanted to do, executed 1606 |
| | 1732 | Frederick, Lord North, inept British Prime Minister (1770-82) |
| | 1743 | Thomas Jefferson, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1826 |
| | 1818 | Mariano Melgarejo, dictator-president of Boliva (1864-1871), k. 1871 |
| | 1822 | Leroy Augustus Stafford, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1864 |
| | 1822 | William Stephen Walker, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1899 |
| | 1907 | Harold Stassen, naval officer, perennial presidential candidate, d. 2001 |
| | 1923 | Donald James Yarmy, Guadalcanal marine, actor (Don Adams of “Get Smart”), d. 2005 |
| 14 | 1578 | King Philip III of Spain & Portugal (1598-1621) |
| | 1721 | Duke William August of Cumberland –“Sweet William” or “Stinking Billy” |
| | 1820 | Harry Thompson Hays, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1876 |
| | 1832 | James Hewett Ledlie, incompetent Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1882 |
| | 1907 | Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier, dictator of Haiti, d. 1971 |
| | 1912 | Bela Kiraly, Hungarian patriot, soldier, scholar |
| | 1925 | Rod Steiger, actor ("Waterloo," “Lion of the Desert”), d. 2002 |
| 15 | 1452 | Leonardo from Vinci, sometime military engineer |
| | 1646 | King Christian V of Denmark and Norway |
| | 1684 | Empress Catherine I of Russia (1725-27) |
| | 1820 | Evander McNair, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1902 |
| | 1822 | Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana, Maj Gen, U.S. |
| | 1837 | Horace Porter, Bvt Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1921 |
| | 1951 | Marsha S Ivins, astronaut (STS 32, 46, SK:66) |
| | 1956 | Gregory J Harbaugh, astronaut (STS 39, 54) |
| 16 | 1652 | Lorenzo Corsini – Pope Clement XII (1730-40) |
| | 1816 | Edward "Allegheny" Johnson, Maj Gen, C.S.A., |
| | 1823 | Orlando Bolivar Wilcox, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1907 |
| | 1867 | Wilbur Wright, co-inventor of the airplane, 1903. |
| | 1897 | John B Glubb "Pasha" of the Arab Legion |
| | 1940 | Queen Margrethe II of Denmark (1972-) |
| 17 | 1573 | Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria |
| | 1788 | Joseph Gilbert Totten, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864 |
| | 1809 | Philip St George Cocke, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1861 |
| | 1813 | Henry Washington Benham, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1884 |
| | 1894 | N. S. Khrushchev, War Commissar (1941-1945), Dictator (1953-64) |
| | 1915 | Anthony Quinn, actor (“Back to Bataan”) |
| | 1918 | William Holden, actor ("Stalag 17", "Bridge Over River Kwai") |
| | 1958 | Sergei Y Vozovikov, cosmonaut |
| 18 | 359 | Flavius Gratianus, Roman Emperor (367-383) |
| | 1480 | Lucrezia Borgia, a much maligned woman, d. 1519 |
| | 1521 | Francois de Coligny, French general |
| | 1590 | Sultan Ahmed I (1603-17) |
| | 1797 | Louis-Adolphe Thiers, military historian, statesman |
| | 1820 | Mariano Melgarejo, Dictator of Bolivia (1865-1870), k. 1871 |
| | 1864 | Richard Harding Davis, intrepid war correspondent, d. 1916 |
| 19 | 1320 | King Pedro I of Portugal (1357-67) |
| | 1757 | Edward Pellew, Viscount Exmouth, sea dog |
| | 1821 | Mortimer Dormer Leggett, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1896 |
| | 1883 | Getulio Vargas, general, dictator/president of Brazil (1930-45, 1951-54) |
| 20 | 1808 | Louis Napoleon Bonaparte – Napoleon III, d. 1873 |
| | 1809 | John Smith Preston, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1881 |
| | 1824 | Alfred Holt Colquitt, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1894 |
| | 1827 | John Gibbon, Maj Gen, U.S., who held "The Angle," d. 1896 |
| | 1839 | King Carol I of Romania (1881-1914) |
| | 1889 | Adolph Hitler, Frontsoldat (1914-1918), mass murderer |
| 21 | 1713 | Louis Duke de Noailles, Marshal of France |
| | 1729 | Empress Catharine II the Great of Russia (1762-96) |
| | 1803 | Levin Minn Powell, naval officer, U.S., d. 1885 |
| | 1816 | Louis Trezevant Wigfall, Brig Gen, C. S.A., d. 1874 |
| | 1834 | William Rufus Terrill, Brig Gen, U.S., KIA 1862 |
| | 1926 | Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-) |
| | 1962 | Sergei Viktorovich Zalyotin, cosmonaut |
| 22 | 1357 | King Jao I of Portugal (1383-1433) |
| | 1451 | Queen Isabella I of Castilla-Leon (1479-1504), patron of Columbus |
| | 1515 | Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendome, King of Navarre |
| | 1610 | Pietro Ottoboni - Pope Alexander VIII (1689-91) |
| | 1818 | Cadwallader Colden Washburn, Maj Gen, U.S., |
| | 1823 | Alfred Gibbs, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1868 |
| | 1827 | William Hopkins Morris, Maj Gen, U.S.. d. 1900 |
| | 1831 | Alexander McDowell McCook, Maj Gen, U.S., of the "Fighting McCooks" |
| | 1866 | Hans von Seeckt, German military reformer |
| | 1870 | Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov Lenin, intellectual mass murderer |
| | 1882 | Gen. Holland "Howling Mad" Smith, USMC |
| | 1904 | J. Robert Oppenheimer, physicist, head of Manhattan Project |
| | 1952 | Tamara Sergeyevna Zakharova, cosmonaut |
| 23 | 1547 | Miguel de Cervantes, marine, "Glory of Spanish Literature" (see Deaths) [NS] |
| | 1564 | The Bard [OS] |
| | 1598 | Maarten Tromp, Dutch admiral, kia, 1653 |
| | 1697 | George Baron Anson, British admiral |
| | 1775 | Joseph Mallord Turner, English artist ("The Fighting Temeraire") |
| | 1791 | James Buchanan, volunteer, War of 1812, president, 1857-1861 |
| | 1828 | King Albert of Saxony (1873-1902) |
| | 1861 | Field Marshal Viscount Allenby of Megiddo |
| | 1891 | Sergey Prokofiev, composer (“Leningrad Suite”) |
| | 1897 | Lucius D. Clay, military governor of West Germany, d. 1978 |
| 24 | 1194 | Ezzelino III da Romano, “cruel tyrant,” Ghibelline, d. 1259 |
| | 1769 | Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington |
| | 1804 | Thomas Oliver Selfridge, naval officer, U.S. |
| | 1807 | Charles Ferguson Smith, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1862 |
| | 1815 | James Edward Harrison, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1875 |
| | 1822 | Erastus Barnard Tyler, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1828 | Robert Brank Vance, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1899 |
| | 1829 | George Peabody Estey, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1881 |
| | 1849 | Joseph S. Gallieni, Hero of the Marne |
| | 1856 | Henri Philippe Petain, Marshal of France, Head of Vichy, d. 1951 |
| | 1876 | Grand-Adm. Erich Raeder, CinC Kriegmarine (1928-1943), d. 1960 |
| | 1882 | Hugh Dowding, Air Marshal, Hero of the Battle of Britain, d. 1970 |
| | 1903 | Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera y Saenz de Heredia, Falangist, murdered, 1936 |
| | 1906 | William “Lord Haw Haw” Joyce, executed 1946 |
| 25 | 1214 | King Louis IX of France (1226-70) - "Saint Louis" |
| | 1228 | Holy Roman Emperor Conrad IV (1237-54) |
| | 1284 | King Edward II of England (1307-27) |
| | 1599 | Oliver Cromwell, "Lord Protector" of England (1653-58), butcher |
| | 1725 | Admiral Viscount Augustus Keppel, RN (1726-1786) |
| | 1840 | James Dearing, Brig Gen, C.S.A., the last Confederate general KIA, 1865 |
| | 1914 | Marcos Perez Jimenez, general, dictator of Venezuela |
| 26 | 121 | Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor (161-180) |
| | 1228 | King Conrad IV of Germany |
| | 1319 | King Jean II the Good of France (1350-64) |
| | 1573 | Marie de'Medici, Mrs. Henri IV of France, who taught the French to cook |
| | 1648 | King Pedro II of Portugal (1683-1706) |
| | 1718 | Esek Hopkins, naval officer, U.S. |
| | 1798 | Eugene Delacroix, artist (“The Massacre of Chios”) |
| | 1812 | Alfred Krupp, German arms merchant |
| | 1827 | Charles Edward Hovey, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1839 | Cyrus Hamblin, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1867 |
| | 1894 | Rudolph Hess, Nazi, suicide in prison, 1987 |
| | 1903 | Geoffrey Worthington, Air Vice-Marshal, RAF |
| 27 | 1701 | King Charles Emanuel I of Sardinia |
| | 1737 | Edward Gibbon, Captain of the Hampshire Grenadiers, historian |
| | 1822 | Ulysses S Grant, general, 1861-1869, president 1869-1877, memoirist |
| | 1835 | John Murray Corse, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1942 | Valeri Vladimirovich Polyakov, Russian cosmonaut |
| 28 | 32 | Marcus Salvius Otho, Roman Emperor (Jan 15-Apr 16, 69) |
| | 1442 | King Edward IV of England (1461-70, 1471-83) |
| | 1592 | George Villiers, 1st duke of Buckingham, English admiral |
| | 1758 | James Monroe, soldier, president, 1817-25 |
| | 1810 | Daniel Ullmann, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892 |
| | 1812 | Daniel Henry Rucker, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1910 |
| | 1815 | Andrew Jackson Smith, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1897 |
| | 1825 | James Winning McMillan, Brig Gen, U.S., |
| | 1888 | Henry Crerar, Commander, Canadian First Army, World War II, d. D-Day, 1965 |
| | 1889 | Karel Doorman, Dutch admiral, KIA, the Java Sea, Feb 27, 1942 |
| | 1908 | Oscar Schindler, one of the Righteous, d. 1974 |
| | 1937 | Saddam Hussein al-Takriti, Dictator of Iraq (1979-2003), executed 2006 |
| | 1943 | John O Creighton, USN, astronaut |
| | 1949 | Jerome "Jay" Apt, astronaut |
| 29 | 1815 | Abram Duryee, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1890 |
| | 1818 | Tsar Alexander II of Russia (1855-81) |
| | 1875 | Rafael Sabatini, author ("The Sea Hawk", "Captain Blood") |
| | 1901 | Emperor Hirohito of Japan (1926-89), amateur biologist, unindicted war criminal |
| | 1932 | Alexei A Gubarev, cosmonaut (Soyuz 17, 28) |
| | 1953 | Nikolai Nikolayevich Budarin, Russia, cosmonaut |
| 30 | 1309 | King Kasimir III “ the Great” of Poland (1333-70) |
| | 1805 | William Kerley Strong, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1867 |
| | 1830 | Davis Tillson, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895 |
| | 1893 | Joachim von Ribbentrop, Nazi, executed 1946 |
| | 1909 | Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1948-80) |
| | 1938 | Bugs Bunny, sometime U.S. Marine |
| | 1946 | King Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden (1973- ) |
| 1 | 1204 | Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France, then England, Crusader |
| | 1205 | King Amalric II of Cyprus and Jerusalem |
| | 1405 | Tamerlane |
| | 1406 | King Robert III of Scots |
| | 1548 | King Sigismund I of Poland, at 81 |
| | 1870 | Patrick Gass, last survivor of the Lewis & Clark Expedition, at 98 |
| | 1922 | Charles, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1916-1918) |
| | 1930 | Empress Zawditu of Ethiopia (1916-1930), daughter of the great Menelik |
| | 1946 | Noah Beery, actor (“Beau Geste”), at 62 |
| | 1947 | King George II of Greece, at 56 |
| | 1965 | Gen. Henry Crerar, Canadian First Army, World War II |
| | 1994 | Leon Degrelle, Belgian Nazi, in exile |
| 2 | 1118 | King Baldwin I of Jerusalem |
| | 1416 | King Ferdinand I “the Just” of Aragon and Sicily, at 52 |
| | 1420 | Nicolò Malvizzi, Patrician of Bologna, Papal Notary, assassinated. |
| | 1440 | Cardinal Giovanni Vitelleschi, condottiero, murdered |
| | 1502 | Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales, at 15; elder brother of the later Henry VIII |
| | 1657 | Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, at 48 |
| | 1702 | Jean Bart, French admiral |
| | 1831 | King Charles Felix of Sardinia (1821-31), at 74 |
| | 1865 | Ambrose P. Hill, Confederate general, KIA at 39 |
| | 1945 | Maj. Gen. Maurice Rose, highest ranking US Jewish officer KIA |
| | 1966 | C.S. Forester, novelist (“Horatio Hornblower”), b. 1899 |
| | 2005 | Pope John Paul II (1978-2005), one of the Righteous, at 84 |
| 3 | 33 | Jesus [alernative astronomical estimate] |
| | 628 | Shah Chosroes II of Persia (579-628), murdered by his son |
| | 1192 | Marquis Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem (1192), assassinated in Tyre |
| | 1203 | Prince Arthur, Duke of Brittany, c. 15, nephew of Richard Lionheart, heir to the English throne, probably murdered by his uncle, King John [Alt, Apr 13] |
| | 1287 | Pope Honorius IV - Giacomo Savelli (1283-1287) |
| | 1680 | Chatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsle, founder of the Maratha Empire, at c. 50 |
| | 1838 | Dr. Francesco Antommarchi, Napoleon’s personal physician, 57 |
| | 1882 | Jesse James, shot by Robert Ford, at 34, St Joseph, Mo |
| | 1946 | Lt Gen Masaharu Homma, shot for the Bataan Death March |
| | 1988 | Milton A Caniff, US cartoonist ("Steve Canyon"), at 81 |
| | 1991 | Graham Greene, novelist (“Our Man in Havana”), b. 1904 |
| 4 | 636 | St. Isidore of Seville, Patron of the Internet, at Seville |
| | 896 | Pope Formosus (891-896) |
| | 1284 | King Alfonso X "the Wise" of Castilla-Leon (1252-84), c. 62 |
| | 1292 | Pope Nicholas IV - Girolamo Masci (1288-1292) |
| | 1406 | King Robert III of Scots (1390-1406) |
| | 1588 | King Frederick II of Denmark & Norway (1559-88) at 53 |
| | 1817 | Andre Massena, Marshal of France, noted looter |
| | 1841 | Pres Wm Henry Harrison, after 30 days in office, at 68 |
| | 1953 | King Charles II of Romania (1930-40), at 59 |
| | 1979 | Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, former Pakistani President, hanged at 51 |
| | 2003 | Sgt. 1st Class Paul Smith, kia, Bagdhad, earning a Medal of Honor |
| 5 | 1208 | Quetzalcoatl |
| | 1356 | Colin Doubel, le Comte de Graville, le Comte de Harcourt, & Mabue de Mainemares, behaded by King John "the Good" of France |
| | 1697 | King Charles XI King of Sweden (1660-97), at 41 |
| | 1794 | Georges-Jacques Danton, French revolutionary leader, guillotined |
| | 1964 | Douglas MacArthur, “Defender of Australia, Liberator of the Philippines, Conqueror of Japan” and “Router of the Bonus Army,” at 84 |
| | 1972 | Brian Donlevy, actor ("Wake Island"), at 73 |
| | 1991 | Manley L "Sonny" Carter Jr, US astronaut, in an accident |
| 6 | 403 | King Saul of the Alans, kia, Pollentia |
| | 1199 | King Richard I “Lionheart” of England (1189-99), of wounds at 41 |
| | 1348 | Laura de Noves, Petrarch's beloved, of plague, at c. 40 |
| | 1362 | Jacques de Bourbon, Count of Marche, kia |
| | 1490 | King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary |
| | 1803 | Sir William Hamilton, sometime British ambassador at Naples, husband to Lady Hamilton, friend to Nelson |
| | 1975 | Chiang Kai-Shek, Chinese Nationalist leader, at 87 |
| | 1992 | Isaac Asimov, Boys’ High alum, Army veteran, author, at 72 |
| | 1994 | Pres. Cyprien Ntaryamira of Burundi (b. 1958) & Pres. Juvénal Habyarimana of Rwanda (b 1937), by bomb in an airplane |
| | 2005 | Rainier III Grimaldi, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949-2005), French soldier, at 82 |
| 7 | 30 | Jesus [alternative astronomical estimate] |
| | 347 | BC Plato, hoplite, wrestler [Alt] |
| | 924 | Emperor Berengarius I of Italy, murdered |
| | 1498 | King Charles VIII of France(1483-98), at 27, concussion from banging his head on a stone door lintel |
| | 1779 | Miss Reay, mistress to First Lord of the Admiralty the Earl of Sandwich, shot twice by the Rev. James Hackman, a frustrated suitor, outside Covent Garden Theatre [see Apr 19] |
| | 1789 | Sultan Abdul Hamid I of Turkey (1774-89), at 64 |
| | 1803 | Toussaint L'Ouverture, liberator of Haiti, in a French prison |
| | 1804 | Jean-Charles Pichegru, French Revolutinary general, suicide at 43 upon being arrested for conspiring against Napoleon |
| | 1871 | Adm Wilhelm Freiherr von Tegetthoff of Austria, victor of Helgoland & Lissa |
| 8 | 217 | Caracalla, Roman Emperor (211-17), 29, murdered while relieving himself |
| | 1143 | Byzantine Emperor John II "the Good" Comnenus (1118-1143), in an accident at 63 |
| | 1364 | King Jean II “the Good” of France (1350-64), royal chucklehead, at 44, a prisoner of the English |
| | 1492 | Lorenzo "il Magnifico" de’ Medici, Lord of Florence (1469-92) |
| | 1595 | Henri II d’Orléans, Sovereign Count of Neuchatel, Duke of Longueville & Estouteville, etc., kia, Amiens |
| | 1697 | Niels Juel, Danish admiral (Oland, Moen), at 67 |
| | 1973 | Pablo Picasso, artistic Nazi collaborator, at 91 |
| | 1981 | Omar Bradley, last US 5-star officer, at 88 |
| 9 | 340 | Roman Emperor Constantine II, assassinated |
| | 491 | Roman Emperor Zeno |
| | 715 | Pope Constantine (708-715) |
| | 1024 | Pope Benedict VIII – Theophylact of Tusculum (1012-24), brother of John XIX (1024-1032) |
| | 1483 | King Edward IV of England (1461-70 & 71-83), at 38 |
| | 1747 | Simon Fraser, 12th Baron Lovat, Jacobite, having the honor of being the last man beheaded in England |
| | 1904 | Queen Isabella II of Spain (1833-68), at 73 |
| | 1917 | Edward Thomas, soldier poet, kia at Arras |
| | 1945 | Dietrich Bonhoeffer, theologian, anti-Nazi, hanged by Hitler |
| | 1945 | Hans Oster, general, anti-Nazi, hanged by Hitler |
| | 1945 | Hans von Dohnanyi, politician, anti-Nazi, hanged by Hitler |
| | 1945 | Wilhelm Canaris, admiral, intelligence agent, anti-Nazi, hanged by Hitler |
| | 1961 | King Zogu of Albania (1925-39), at 65 |
| 10 | 879 | King Louis II “the Stutterer” of France (877-79) |
| | 947 | Count Hugo of Arles, King of Italy |
| | 1503 | Cardinal Giovanni Michiel (nephew of Pope Paul II), poisoned by Cesare Borgia, to net 150,000 ducats |
| | 1533 | King Frederick I of Denmark & Norway (1523-33), at 61 |
| | 1559 | Duke Ercole II d’Este of Ferrara, Modena, & Reggio (1534-59), son of Alfonso I & Lucrezia Borgia, condottiero, at 50 |
| | 1585 | Pope Gregory XIII - Ugo Buoncampagni (1572-1585) |
| | 1739 | Dick Turpin, noted highwayman, hanged in England |
| | 1919 | Emiliano Zapata, Mexican revolutionary, b. 1879, murdered in an ambush |
| | 1940 | Capt. Bernard Armitage Warburton-Lee, RN, 44, kia earning a VC |
| 11 | 678 | Pope Donus/Dominus (676-78) |
| | 1034 | Byzantine Emperor Romanus III Argyrus (1028-34), slain by his wife |
| | 1240 | Prince Llywelyn ab Iorwerth “the Great” of Wales (1194-1240) |
| | 1508 | Duke Guidobaldo di Montefeltro, condottiero, connoisseur |
| | 1512 | Gaston de Foix, , kia at Ravenna |
| | 1512 | Gaston, Vicompte de Foix, Pretender to the throne of Navarra, 22, plus most of his regimental commanders, and about 4,500 of his Franc-German-Italian troops, as well as all opposing Spanish regimental commanders and about 9,000 Spanish-Italian troops, killed in action at Ravenna |
| | 1555 | Queen Juana "la loca" of Spain (1504-1506), at 75 |
| | 1916 | Richard Harding Davis, intrepid war correspondent, at 52, while in OCS |
| 12 | 238 | Gordian II (b. 192), kia, followed by his father, Gordian I (b. c. 160), suicide, Carthage, after 21 days as Roman Co-Emperors |
| | 352 | Pope St. Julius I (337-352) |
| | 1312 | Rizzardo IV, Lord of Treviso, Belluno, & Feltre, d/w |
| | 1550 | Claude of Lorraine, Duke of Guise, claimant to the throne of Naples, at 53 |
| | 1864 | Thomas Green, Brig Gen, C.S.A., Blair's Landing, La; the only Confederate general kia by the USN |
| | 1912 | Clara Barton, war nurse, founder of the American Red Cross, at 90 |
| | 1945 | FDR, cerebral hemorrhage at 63 |
| | 1946 | August Borms, Flemish collaborator, executed |
| | 1956 | Jose Moscardo Ituarte, Defender of the Alcazar of Toldeo |
| | 1975 | Josephine Baker, resistance fighter |
| | 1981 | Joe "The Brown Bomber" Louis, veteran, at 66 |
| 13 | 1053 | Earl Godwine of Wessex |
| | 1203 | Duke Arthur I of Brittany, nephew & heir to Richard I, probably murdered his uncle, King John of England [Alt – Apr 3] |
| | 1517 | Tuman Bey, the last Mamluke Sultan of Egypt, hanged by the Turks |
| | 1638 | Duke Henri II of Rohan-Gié, Huguenot leader, at 58 |
| | 1759 | George Frederick Handel |
| | 1868 | Emperor Theodorus of Abyssinia, suicide to avoid capture by the British |
| 14 | 711 | King Childebert III of French, at about 27 |
| | 911 | Pope Sergius III (904-911) |
| | 1390 | Rinaldo Orsini, Count of Tagliacozzo, and Giovanni Orsini, his brother, murdered at L’Aquila |
| | 1471 | The "Kingmaker," Richard Neville, the Earl of Warwick, kia, Barnet |
| | 1488 | Girolamo Riario, Lord of Imola & Forli, condottiero, husband to Caterina Sforza, murdered at 45 in a coup |
| | 1515 | Galeazzo I Sforza, Lord of Pesaro (1510-12), Governor of Cremona (1512-15), kia |
| | 1574 | Count Hendrik of Nassau-Dillenburg, murdered |
| | 1941 | Jack Edmonson, Australian corporal, KIA at Tobruk, earning the V.C. |
| 15 | 1257 | Mamluke Sultan Aybak of Egypt (1250-1257), murdered by order of his wife |
| | 1595 | Torquato Tasso, poet, at 51 |
| | 1605 | Tsar Boris Godunov of Russia (1598-1605) |
| | 1861 | Pvt Richard Hough, killed by a premature explosion during a salute to mark the surrender of Ft Sumter |
| | 1865 | Abraham Lincoln, hours after being shot |
| | 1980 | Jean-Paul Sartre, existentialist Vichyite Nazi-collaborating communist sympathizer, at 74 |
| | 2005 | Martin Blumenson, soldier, historian (“Cross Channel Attack”), at 86 |
| 16 | 69 | Roman Emperor Otho (Jan 15-Apr 16, 69), suicide at 32 after defeat by Vitellius |
| | 1090 | Sigelgaita, warrior princess, daughter of Prince Guaimar IV of Salerno, wife to Robert the Weasel, mother of Roger of Sicily, stepmother to Bohemund, at c. 50 |
| | 1115 | Grand Prince Sviatopolk II of Kiev |
| | 1828 | Francisco Goya, artist (“The Horrors of War”), b. 1746. |
| | 1978 | Lucius D Clay, U.S. military governor of West Germany, at 80 |
| 17 | 43 | BC Hirtius, Roman Consul, kia at Modena |
| | 43 | BC Pansa, Roman Consul, d/w from Forum Gallorum, 15th |
| | 744 | Caliph Walid II of Baghdad, murderd |
| | 859 | Pope Benedict III (855-859) |
| | 1355 | Doge Marino Falieri of Venice(1354-1355), beheaded by the Serenissima for treason |
| | 1433 | Stefano Colonna, Co-Lord of Palestrina, Condottiero, murdered by his nephew Salvatore |
| | 1433 | Salvatore Colonna, Co-Lord of Palestrina, lynched by popular uprising, for murdering his Uncle Stefano. |
| | 1605 | Pope Leo XI - Alessandro Ottaviano de’Medici (1-17 Apr 1605), at 69 |
| | 1616 | Tokugawa Ieyasu, founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate (to 1868) |
| | 1711 | Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I von Habsburg (1705-11), at 32 |
| | 1790 | Benjamin Franklin, sometime militiaman and military engineer, at 84 |
| | 1945 | Walter Model, Nazi field marshal, suicide at 54, rather than surrender |
| | 1983 | Mark W Clark, U.S. general, at 87 |
| | 1987 | Dick Shawn, actor ("What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?"), at 63 |
| | 1997 | Chaim Herzog, President of Israel, 1983-93, at 78 |
| 18 | 680 | Caliph Mu'awijja, the first Umayyad, at 81 |
| | 1592 | Troilo Savelli di Polombara, Lord of Poggio Moiano, Aspra, & Montasola, beheaded in the Sant’Angelo at 18. |
| | 1689 | George Jeffreys, British Chief Justice, the ultimate “Hanging Judge”, at c. 40 |
| | 1690 | Duke Charles V Leopold of Lorraine, Imperial field marshal |
| | 1943 | Adm. Yamamoto Isoruku, ambushed in the Solomon Islands. |
| | 1945 | Ernie Pyle, war correspondent, KIA at 44, Ie Shima, Okinawa |
| 19 | 1054 | Pope St. Leo IX (1049-1054)- Count Bruno of Egesheim-Dagsburg |
| | 1390 | King Robert II of Scotland |
| | 1689 | Christina, sometime Queen of Sweden (1644-54) |
| | 1779 | The Rev. James Hackman, hanged at Tyburn for the murder of Miss Reay, mistress to First Lord of the Admiralty the Earl of Sandwich, on Apr 7th |
| | 1881 | Benjamin Disraeli |
| | 1886 | Bishop Narciso Martinez Izquierdo of Madrid, shot by a disgruntled priest |
| | 1943 | Alexander Schmorell, German resistance fighter, beheaded |
| | 1943 | Kurt Huber, German resistance fighter, beheaded |
| | 1943 | Willy Grave, German resistance fighter, beheaded |
| | 1956 | Lionel "Buster" Crabb, British diver, drowned mysteriously at 47 |
| | 1987 | Maxwell D Taylor, commander 101st Airborne Division in WW II, at 85 |
| | 1989 | Daphne du Maurier, author (“The Birds”), wife to Sir Frederick Browing of the Paras, at 81 |
| 20 | 1164 | Anti-Pope “Victor IV” - Ottaviano Montecello (1159-64) |
| | 1314 | Pope Clement V – Bertrand de Got (1305-1314), who started the “Babylonian Captivity” |
| | 1534 | Eliza Barton, 'the Maid of Kent,' executed |
| | 1836 | Prince Johan I Jozef of Liechtenstein, Austrian field marshal, at 75 |
| | 1947 | King Christian X of Denmark (1912-1947), hero of the Resistance |
| 21 | 323 | BC Alexander the Great, noted drunkard [Alt] |
| | 323 | BC Diogenese the Cynic, noted cynic |
| | 586 | King Leovigild of the Visgoths |
| | 753 | BC Remus, accidentally - or maybe not - slain by his brother Romulus |
| | 1073 | Pope Alexander II - Anselmo da Baggio (1061-73) |
| | 1509 | King Henry VII of England, the first Tudor (1485-1509) |
| | 1574 | Grand Duke Cosimo de Medici of Tuscany, c. 54 |
| | 1792 | “Tiradentes” - Joaquim José da Silva Xavier, Brazilian revolutionary, executed at c. 45 |
| | 1910 | Mark Twain, noted Confederate Army deserter |
| | 1918 | Manfred “The Red Baron” von Richthofen, ground fire, at 25 |
| | 1962 | Frederick Handley Page, pioneer aircraft designer |
| | 1971 | Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier, dictator of Haiti, at 64 |
| | 1997 | Pres Diosdado Macapagal of the Philippines (1961-65) |
| | 2004 | Karl Hass, incarcerated Nazi war criminal, at 92 |
| 22 | 296 | Pope St Gaius (283-296) |
| | 455 | Roman Emperor Petronius Maximus (Mar 17-May 22 455) |
| | 536 | Pope Agapitus I (535-36) |
| | 1864 | Bvt. Maj. Gen. Joseph G. Totten (USMA 1805), at 76 |
| | 1994 | Richard M Nixon, sometime naval officer, president, stroke at 81 |
| 23 | 303 | St. George, Martyr, beheaded in Cappadocia |
| | 871 | King Ethelred I of Wessex (866-871), elder brother of Alfred the Great |
| | 1014 | Brian Boru, High King of Ireland, kia at 87 |
| | 1016 | King Aethelred II "the Unrede" of England (979-1016) |
| | 1374 | King Edward III grants Geoffrey Chaucer a pitcher of wine a day |
| | 1521 | Don Juan de Padilla, Comunero leader, beheaded after Villalar |
| | 1616 | Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, marine, author, on his 69th birthday [NS] |
| | 1616 | William Shakespeare, by tradition, on his birthday [OS]. |
| | 1625 | Prince Maurice of Nassau and of Orange, at 57 |
| | 1918 | Lt. Cdr Percy Thomson Dean, KIA at Zeebrugge |
| | 1986 | Otto Preminger, director (“In Harm’s Way”) |
| | 2007 | Boris Yeltsin, first President of post-Soviet Russia, at 76 |
| 24 | 1077 | King Geza I of Hungary (1074-7) |
| | 1185 | Emperor Antoku Taira of Japan (1180-85), drowned |
| | 1342 | Pope Benedict XII - Jacques Fournier (1334-1342) |
| | 1617 | Concino Concini, Count della Penna, Marshal of France, murdered on orders of Louis XIII |
| | 1891 | Count Helmuth von Moltke |
| | 1967 | Vladimir Komarov, first man to die in space, Soyuz 1 |
| 25 | 1295 | King Sancho IV “the Brave” Castille & Leon (1287-1295) |
| | 1553 | Fabio Malvizzi, Patrician of Bologna, executed |
| | 1607 | Adm. Don Juan Alvarez of Spain, kia |
| | 1607 | Adm. Jacob van Heemskerck of the Netherlands, kia |
| | 1644 | Emperor Chongzhen of China (1627-1644), the last Ming, suicide |
| | 1792 | Nicolas Pelletier, highwayman, the first man to date Mdm. Guillotine |
| | 1928 | Baron Piotr Wrangel, Russian "White" general |
| 26 | 757 | Pope Stephen II (752-57) |
| | 1196 | King Alfonso II of Aragon (1162-96) |
| | 1478 | Giuliano d’Medici, assassinated by the Pazzi at mass |
| | 1478 | Francesco Pazz, Jacopo de' Pazzi, & Cardinal Francesco Salviati lynched by the Florentine mob for murdering Giuliano d’Medici |
| | 1538 | Diego de Almagro, Conquistador, executed by Pizzarro |
| | 1865 | John Wilkes Booth, killed, on his 27th birthday |
| | 2004 | Gunther Rothenberg, military historian |
| 27 | 399 | BC Socrates, noted hoplite, exeuted by poison, at c. 70 |
| | 630 | Shah Ardashir III of Persia, murdered |
| | 1124 | King Alexander I of Scotland(1107-24) |
| | 1404 | Duke Philip “the Bold” or “the Stout” of Burgundy, at 62, at Hall, Hainault |
| | 1521 | Ferdinand Magellan, explorer, slain by the Filipinos |
| | 1682 | Tsar Theodorus III (1676-82) |
| | 1694 | Elector Johan Georg IV of Saxony (1691-94), at 25 |
| | 1702 | Jean Bart, French naval hero |
| | 1792 | John James Ankerstrom, assassin of King Gustav III of Sweden, executed |
| | 1813 | Zebulon M Pike, army officer and explorer, kia at 34 |
| | 1881 | Ludwig A Benedek, Austrian general (Koniggratz), at 76 |
| | 1893 | John Murray Corse, Brig. Gen, U.S., on his 58th birthday |
| | 1965 | Edward R. Morrow, war correspondent, Cold Warrior, at 57 |
| 28 | 1192 | Conrad I of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem, assassinated at c. 40 |
| | 1197 | King Rhys ap Gruffydd of South Wales |
| | 1851 | Adm Sir Edward Codrington |
| | 1905 | Fitzhugh Lee, Maj. Gen., CSA, Brig. Gen, USA, b 1835 |
| | 1936 | King Fuad of Egypt (1922-36) |
| | 1945 | Benito Mussolini & Claretta Petacci, murdered by partisans near Milan. |
| 29 | 1380 | St. Catherine of Siena |
| | 1676 | Dutch Adm. Michael Ruyter, cannonballed at 69, Naval Battle of Syracuse |
| | 1862 | Timothy Webster, American patriot, executed by the Confederacy |
| | 1918 | Gavrilo Princip, who had assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, in jail of TB |
| 30 | 313 | Gaius Maximinus Daia, Roman Emperor (305-313) |
| | 535 | Queen Amalasuntha of the Ostrogoths, strangled by order of her husband King Theodahad |
| | 1524 | Pierre Terrail, Seigneur de Bayard, "The knight without fear nor equal", shot at the Sesia, Italy, at c. 50 |
| | 1632 | Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, Imperial field marshal, kia Ingolstadt |
| | 1632 | King Sigismund III of Poland and Sweden, at 65 |
| | 1792 | John Montague, Earl of Sandwich, naval officer, inventor, at 73 |
| | 1828 | King Shaka zan Senzagakona of the Zulu, murdered by his brothers |
| | 1847 | Archduke Charles of Austria, Napoleon's "Great Enemy" |
| | 1864 | Gen W R Scurry, kia |
| | 1945 | Adolph Hitler and Eva Braun, suicide |
| | 1945 | Col. William O. Darby, of “Darby’s Rangers,” kia at 34 near Lake Garda, while serving as C/S of the 10th Mountain Div |
| | 1972 | King Ntare V of Burundi, murdered |
| 1 | 0 | Fool's Day |
| | 286 | Diocletian makes Maximian co-Emperor of Rome (286-305) |
| | 705 | Election of Pope John VII |
| | 1605 | Alessandro Ottaviano de’Medici elected Pope as Leo XI (1-17 Apr 1605) |
| | 1793 | Eruption of Mt. Unsen, Japan, 53,000 die |
| | 1862 | Shenandoah Valley campaign, Jackson's Battle of Woodstock, VA |
| | 1863 | Federal conscription goes into effect |
| | 1865 | Battle of Five Forks, Lee's line of communications is severed |
| | 1893 | USN establishes the rate of Chief Petty Officer |
| | 1918 | The Royal Air Force is formed by the merger of the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service |
| | 1924 | Hitler gets five years for the Munich "Beer Hall" putsch |
| | 1933 | Heinrich Himmler becomes Police Commander of Germany |
| | 1933 | Nazi Germany enacts anti-Semitic legislation |
| | 1939 | US recognizes the Franco government in Spain |
| | 1941 | CNO orders "special precautions against surprise attack on weekends and holidays." |
| | 1941 | Coup ousts PM Abdulullah of Iraq |
| | 1941 | Navy takes over Treasure Island, San Francisco Bay |
| | 1942 | Bataan: Fil-American troops go on quarter rations |
| | 1942 | Japanese First Air Fleet refuels south of Java |
| | 1942 | Japanese troops capture Jessami, Netherlands East Indies |
| | 1943 | Japanese aircraft attack the Russell Islands |
| | 1944 | Adm Toyoda becomes commander of Combined Fleet |
| | 1944 | TF 58 completes three days of raids in the western Carolines |
| | 1944 | The Admiralties: 1st Cav Div begins mop up of outlying islands |
| | 1945 | Okinawa: 60,000 U.S. soldiers and Marines land on Easter Sunday |
| | 1945 | US First & Ninth Armies meet to form the Ruhr pocket |
| | 1954 | Air Force Academy established |
| | 1954 | First army helicopter battalion formed, Fort Bragg, NC |
| | 1955 | EOKA-bomb attacks against British facilities in Cyprus |
| | 1957 | Leaders of the '56 Hungarian Revolution are tried in Budpest |
| | 1960 | French detonate their 2nd atom bomb in the Sahara |
| | 1960 | US launches Tiros I, first weather satellite |
| | 1979 | Islamic Republic is proclaimed in Iran |
| | 1986 | SSBN Nathanael Greene grounds in the Irish Sea |
| | 1991 | Warsaw Pact officially dissolves |
| | 1992 | USS Missouri (BB-63) decommissioned for the last time |
| 2 | 0 | Feast of St Francis de Paola, Patron of Naval Officers and Sick Children |
| | 999 | Gerbert of Aurillac elected Pope as Sylvester II (999-1003) |
| | 1118 | Baldwin II becomes King of Jerusalem |
| | 1194 | Richard Lionheart meets Robin Hood in Sherwood Forest [Trad] |
| | 1283 | Giacomo Savelli is elected Pope as Honorius IV (1283-1287) |
| | 1416 | Alfonso V succeeds to the throne of Aragon and Sicily |
| | 1513 | Juan Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain |
| | 1550 | Jews are expelled from Genoa |
| | 1781 | US Frigate Alliance captures British privateers Mars and Minerva |
| | 1801 | Nelson “Copenhagens” the Danish Fleet |
| | 1827 | Construction of the first Naval Hospital begins at Portsmouth, Va |
| | 1865 | Battles of Petersburg/Ft Gregg/Sutherland's Station, Va |
| | 1865 | Confederates evacuate Richmond |
| | 1865 | US Maj Gen James H Wilson's cavalry captures Selma |
| | 1912 | Sun Yat Sen forms the Kuomintang Party |
| | 1916 | Zeppelin bombs Rosyth distillery, causing a flood of fine malt |
| | 1917 | Pres Wilson asks Congress to declare war against Germany |
| | 1941 | Nazi occupiers disband the Dutch Boy Scouts |
| | 1942 | Burma: the British abandon Prome. |
| | 1942 | CV Hornet sails from San Francisco, carrying 16 Army B-25Bs |
| | 1942 | Singapore: Japanese 18th Div sails for Rangoon. |
| | 1942 | US bombers from India attack Japanese shipping in the Andaman Islands. |
| | 1943 | Italian blockade runner Orseolo reaches Bordeaux from Kobe |
| | 1944 | Fifth Air Force raids Hansa Bay, New Guinea. |
| | 1944 | Merrill's Marauders heavily engaged at Nhpum Ga, Burma |
| | 1964 | President Goulart of Brazil replaced by Castello Branco in a coup |
| | 1972 | Israeli PM Menachem Begin visits Pres Sadat of Egypt |
| | 1982 | Argentina invades the Falkland Is, initiating a 72 losing war with Britain |
| | 1986 | Terrorist bomb at the Athens airport, 4 Americans die |
| 3 | 1376 | Battle of Najera/Navarrete: An Anglo-Spanish army defeats a Franco-Spanish army, to set Pedro the Cruel on the throne of Castille |
| | 1559 | Treaty of Le Cateau-Cambrensis: end of the Franco-Spanish “Italian Wars” (1494-1559) |
| | 1860 | First ride of the Pony Express |
| | 1865 | Union forces occupy Richmond & Petersberg, to the tune of "Dixie" |
| | 1896 | Battle of Tucruf: Sudanese Mahdists defeat the Italians |
| | 1922 | Stalin named Secretary-General of Central Committee of the CPUSSR |
| | 1930 | Ras Tafari ascends the throne of Ethiopia as Emperor Haile Selassie |
| | 1941 | Putsch installs pro-Nazi Rashid Ali al-Ghailani as PM of Iraq, who initiates attacks on Britons & Jews |
| | 1942 | Bataan: Japanese launch a major offensive. |
| | 1942 | Burma: Stilwell orders the Chinese to stand at Pyinamana. |
| | 1943 | Elms 41st Div land at Morobe, near the Waria River, without opposition |
| | 1944 | British bombers attack battleship Tirpitz in Norwegian waters |
| | 1944 | Burma: British juggle forces to stem the Japanese drive on Imphal |
| | 1944 | Hollandia: major Fifth AF raid on Japanese base. |
| | 1945 | USSR renounces Apr '41 non-aggression pact with Japan |
| | 1948 | Harry Truman signs Marshall Plan |
| | 1982 | Security Council demands Argentina withdraw from the Falkland Islands |
| 4 | 0 | Feast of St. Isidore of Seville, Patron of the Internet |
| | 431 | BC Outbreak of Peloponnesian War |
| | 1081 | Alexius I Comnenus becomes Byzantine Emperor |
| | 1541 | Ignatius of Loyola is appointed the first Superior-General of the Jesuits |
| | 1581 | Frances Drake completes the second circumnavigation of the world |
| | 1588 | Christian IV ascends the throne of Denmark & Norway |
| | 1655 | Battle at Porto Farina, Tunis: English fleet defeats the Barbary pirates |
| | 1745 | Battle of Hohenfriedberg: Prussians defeat the Austrians & Dutch |
| | 1776 | First American victory at sea: USS Columbus captures HM Tender Hawke |
| | 1854 | Sloop Plymouth lands party to protect U.S. citizens in Shanghai |
| | 1862 | Yorktown: First serious fighting of the Peninsular Campaign |
| | 1865 | Lincoln sits in Jeff Davis' chair, in the Confederate White House |
| | 1898 | First Chief of USN's Bureau of Yards and Docks appointed, Mordecai Endicott |
| | 1918 | Battle of the Somme ends |
| | 1920 | Jerusalem: Arab rioters attack Jews |
| | 1933 | USN Airship Akron crashes off New Jersey, 73 die |
| | 1939 | King Faisal II ascends to throne of Iraq (murdered 1958) |
| | 1941 | RAdm Claude Bloch warns Midway against Japanese surprise attack |
| | 1941 | Rommel takes Benghazi |
| | 1942 | Bataan: Fil-American forces fall back after Japanese break through |
| | 1942 | Indian O: Japanese CV a/c sink British CAs Cornwall and Dorsetshire |
| | 1943 | 4th Marine Div is activated at San Diego |
| | 1944 | Burma: Heavy fighting around Nhpum Ga |
| | 1944 | Japanese move on Kohima, having cut the road from Imphal. |
| | 1945 | Heavy fighting begins in southern Okinawa. |
| | 1945 | Hungary liberated from Nazi occupation |
| | 1949 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed |
| | 1958 | Aldermaston, England: 1st anti-nuclear weapons demonstration |
| 5 | 823 | Pope Paschal I crowns Lothar I Co-Emperor of the HRE |
| | 1242 | Battle of the Neva: Prince Alexander of Novgorod defeats the Teutonic Knights |
| | 1614 | Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe |
| | 1654 | Treaty of Westminster: First Anglo-Dutch War ends (1652-54) |
| | 1762 | British capture Greneda from French |
| | 1799 | Battle of Magnano: Austrians defeat the French |
| | 1811 | Battle of Barrosa: English defeat the French |
| | 1812 | British take Badajoz, Spain, from the French by storm |
| | 1861 | U.S. troops abandon Ft Quitman, Tx |
| | 1863 | Richmond Bread Riot: Jeff Davis threatens to fire on women & children |
| | 1881 | Transvaal regains independence from Britain |
| | 1887 | Lord Acton writes, "Power tends to corrupt, absolute power corrupts absolutely." |
| | 1896 | Athens: 1st modern Olympic Games begin |
| | 1915 | French begin Woevre offensive |
| | 1939 | Germany: "Aryan" youth ordered to join the Hitlerjugend |
| | 1942 | Bataan: Japanese troops capture Mt. Samat |
| | 1942 | Colombo, Ceylon: Japanese First Air Fleet inflicts heavy damage |
| | 1943 | Burma: Br 6th Bde HQ is overrun by advancing Japanese in the Arakan |
| | 1943 | Poon Lim (1917-1991) lands near Belem, Brazil, follownig 133 days in a lifeboat in the Atlantic after the Ben Lomond was torpedoed |
| | 1945 | Japanese cabinet resigns. |
| | 1950 | Prague espionage trial against bishops & priests begins |
| | 1951 | Julius & Ethel Rosenberg, atomic spies, sentenced to death |
| | 1955 | Winston Churchill resigns as British PM, succeeded by Anthony Eden |
| | 1962 | NASA civilian pilot Neil A Armstrong takes X-15 to 54,600 m |
| | 1986 | Berlin: two US servicemen & a Turkish woman die in a bombing |
| | 1991 | Iraq: US begins relief air drops to Kurds in the north |
| 6 | 0 | Army Day |
| | 46 | BC Caesar defeats Cato and Juba at Thapsus, Africa |
| | 403 | Battle of Pollentia: Stilicho's Romano-Alan Army defeats Alaric's Visigoths, on Easter Sundy |
| | 648 | BC Solar eclipse visible in Greece & the Aegean |
| | 1250 | Battle of Minieh: Ayyubids defeat the Crusaders |
| | 1327 | Petrarch first sets eyes on Laura de Noves [see Deaths] |
| | 1400 | BC Theseus and the Athenian Youths and Maidens sail for Crete |
| | 1453 | Sultan Mehemet II lays siege to Constantinople (falls May 29th) |
| | 1664 | France & Saxony conclude an alliance |
| | 1672 | France declares war on the Netherlands |
| | 1712 | Slave revolt in New York |
| | 1776 | Improvised US naval squadron captures eight British ships off New England |
| | 1859 | US recognizes Benito Juarez’s liberal government in Mexico's War of Reform |
| | 1862 | Battle of Shiloh, Day 1: Confederate success. |
| | 1866 | Union veterans form the Grand Army of the Republic |
| | 1916 | German parliament OKs unrestricted submarine warfare |
| | 1917 | US declares war on Germany, enters World War I |
| | 1934 | Nazis arrest 418 Lutheran ministers |
| | 1939 | Great Britain & Poland sign military pact |
| | 1939 | US & UK agree on joint control of Canton & Enderbury Is in the Pacific |
| | 1941 | Germans bomb Belgrad, 17,000 reportedly die |
| | 1941 | Germans bomb the Piraeus, two old battleships sink |
| | 1941 | Italians surrender Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to the British |
| | 1942 | Chaing Kai-shek agrees to provide additional forces for Burma |
| | 1942 | Japanese First Air Fleet raids in the Bay of Bengal. |
| | 1942 | Stilwell's Chinese forces prepare to defend Pyinamana. |
| | 1943 | Sub Trout begins laying mines near Sarawak, Borneo |
| | 1945 | Coevorden, the Netherlands, liberated from the Nazis |
| | 1945 | Japanese battleship Yamato sails for Okinawa on a one-way mission |
| | 1945 | Okinawa: Massive kamikaze attack on the US fleet sinks 6 ships |
| | 1968 | USS New Jersey recommissioned; first BB in service since 1958 |
| | 1973 | India annexes Sikkim |
| 7 | 451 | Attila's Huns sack Metz |
| | 1118 | Pope Gelasius II excommunicates Emperor Henry V |
| | 1381 | 2nd treaty of Guerande: Yann IV of Brittany and Charles VI of France |
| | 1509 | France declares war on Venice |
| | 1528 | French troops defeat Cardinal Pompeo Colonna outside Gaeta, to begin a siege which fails |
| | 1555 | Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi elected Pope as Marcellus II (7 Apr-6 May 1555) |
| | 1625 | Albrecht von Wallenstein appointed supreme commander by the HRE |
| | 1652 | The Fronde: Battle of Bleneau - Royalists defeat the Frondists |
| | 1655 | Fabio Chigi elected Pope as Alexander VII (1655-1667) |
| | 1776 | Continental brig Lexington captures British Edward |
| | 1818 | Gen Andrew Jackson seizes St Marks, Fla, from Seminole Indians |
| | 1831 | Dom Pedro II crowned Emperor of Brazil |
| | 1836 | Skirmish between Texian rear guards and advancing Mexican troops at San Felipe Ford |
| | 1862 | Battle of Shiloh: Grant defeats the Confederates |
| | 1863 | Battle of Charleston, SC |
| | 1865 | Battle of Farmville, Va |
| | 1917 | USN takes over all wireless stations for the duration of WW I |
| | 1933 | Nazis bar Jews from law & public service |
| | 1939 | Italy invades Albania; first combat by an armored division, the Centauro |
| | 1941 | Battleship USS North Carolina commissioned |
| | 1942 | Bataan: Fil-Am troops fail to form a new defensive line |
| | 1942 | Heavy Axis air attack on Malta |
| | 1942 | Japanese 18th Div lands at Rangoon. |
| | 1942 | Solomons: Japanese land on Bougainville |
| | 1942 | USN agrees to accept black Americans for general service |
| | 1943 | Japanese a/c inflict heavy losses on Allied shipping around Guadalcanal |
| | 1944 | Japanese cut water supply of Anglo-Indian forces at Kohima. |
| | 1945 | First Navy Nurses land on Iwo Jima: Lt, jg, Ann Purvis & Ens Jane Kendeigh |
| | 1945 | Japanese BB Yamato sunk off Okinawa by TF 58 a/c. |
| | 1945 | Massive kamikaze attack on the US fleet off Okinawa |
| | 1946 | Part of East Prussia is incorporated into the Russian SFSR |
| | 1949 | Rogers & Hammerstein's "South Pacific" opens at the Majestic for 1928 performances |
| | 1966 | US recovers lost H-bomb from sea off Palomares, Spain |
| | 1978 | President Jimmy Carter defers production of neutron bomb |
| | 1980 | President Jimmy Carter breaks relations with Iran over the hostage crisis |
| | 1989 | Soviet sub sinks in Norwegian Sea, c. 12 die |
| 8 | 0 | Feast of St Walther Gautier of Pontnoise, Patron of Prisoners-of-War |
| | 1195 | Alexius III Angelus ousts his brother Isaac II as Byzantine Emperor |
| | 1341 | Petrarch is crowned “Poet Laureate” on the Capitoline in Rome |
| | 1378 | Bartolomeo Prignano of Itri elected Pope as Urban VI (1378-1389) |
| | 1455 | Alfonso Borja elected Pope as Callistus III (1455-1458) |
| | 1500 | Battle of Novara: King Louis XII beats Duke Ludovico Sforza of Milan |
| | 1595 | Battle of Amiens |
| | 1801 | Riot in Bucharest, 128 Jews slain |
| | 1861 | US mint at Dahlonega, Georgia, seized by Confederate officials |
| | 1864 | Battle of Mansfield, La; U.S. forces routed by Lt Gen Richard Taylor |
| | 1865 | Lee's retreat cut off near Appomattox Court House |
| | 1898 | Battle of the Atbara River, Anglo-Egyptian forces crush Sudanese |
| | 1904 | France & Britain conclude the Entente Cordiale |
| | 1925 | First planned night landings on a carrier, USS Langley, by VF-1 |
| | 1945 | Okinawa: Marines probe Japanese lines on the Motobu Peninsula |
| | 1950 | Unarmed USN patrol plane downed over the Baltic Sea by Soviet aircraft |
| | 1956 | Parris Is, SC: Six Marine recruits drown during an unauthorized night exercise |
| | 1961 | Persian Gulf: Explosion in the British liner Dara, 236 die |
| 9 | 30 | The Crucifixion [the first Friday following the the first night of Passover on a Thursday] |
| | 1002 | Battle of “Hocktide”: Saxon women defeat Danish raiders |
| | 1097 | Norman-Italian Crusaders under Bohemund & Tancred reach Constantinople |
| | 1241 | Battle of Liegnitz/Wahlstadt: Mongol armies defeat the Poles & Germans |
| | 1260 | Battle of Montaperti: The Sienese Ghibellines defeat the Florentine Guelfs |
| | 1388 | Battle of Naefels: The Swiss defeat the Hapsburgs |
| | 1454 | Peace of Lodi: ends Milanese-Venetian war |
| | 1534 | Turkish corsair Khair Ed-Din (Barbarossa) captures Sperlonga |
| | 1621 | Twelve Years’ Truce (1609-1621) between Spain and the Netherlands expires |
| | 1770 | Capt James Cook discovers Botany Bay, Australia |
| | 1783 | Tippu Sahib expels the English from Bednore, India |
| | 1848 | Battle of Sorio: The Austrians defeat Venetian Insurgents |
| | 1848 | Battle of the Ponte di Goito: Piedmontese defeat the Austrians |
| | 1864 | Battle of Pleasant Hill, La |
| | 1865 | Appomattox: Robert E Lee & the Army of Northern Virginia pack it in. |
| | 1865 | Union troops capture Ft Blakely, Alabama |
| | 1898 | Lt Andrew S. Rowan leaves for Cuba with "a message for Garcia." |
| | 1913 | Ebbet’s Field opens |
| | 1914 | Tampico Incident: US sailors arrested in Mexico |
| | 1917 | Canadianm troops storm Vimy Ridge, initiating the Battle of Arras |
| | 1918 | Latvia proclaims independence from Russia |
| | 1940 | Germany invades Denmark, which promptly surrenders |
| | 1940 | Germany invades Norway |
| | 1942 | Bataan: c. 75,000 U.S. & Filipino troops surrender to the Japanese |
| | 1942 | British CV Hermes lost to Japanese naval aircraft off Ceylon |
| | 1942 | First Air Fleet sinks 12 merchant ships off India, raids Tricomalee |
| | 1942 | Manila Bay: U.S. troops hold out on Corregidor and Ft. Drum |
| | 1942 | RAdm William F. Halsey, sails from Pearl Harbor in CV Enterprise |
| | 1943 | Japanese DD Isonami sunk south east of Celebes by the U.S. sub Tautog |
| | 1944 | Japanese abandon Nhpum Ga in Burma. |
| | 1944 | Japanese encircle Imphal |
| | 1944 | Japanese offer to mediate peace between Germany and Russia. |
| | 1945 | Philippines: U.S. forces land on Jolo in the Sulu Sea |
| | 1945 | RAF sinks Pocket Battleship Admiral Scheer in port |
| | 1959 | NASA names seven astronauts for Project Mercury |
| | 1963 | Congress declares Winston S. Chruchill an honorary U.S. citizen |
| | 1981 | SSBN George Washington rams Japanese freighter Nisso Maru |
| | 1991 | Georgia votes to secede from the USSR |
| | 1992 | John Major becomes PM of the UK |
| 10 | 847 | Consecration of Pope Leo IV (847-55), who fortifies the Vatican against the Moors & is later canonized |
| | 879 | Coronation of King Louis III of France |
| | 1241 | Battle of the Sajo River, Day 1: The Hungarians hold the Mongols |
| | 1500 | Duke Ludovico “Il Moro” Sforza of Milan is deposed and imprisoned by the French, after being back in power for only two months. |
| | 1534 | Khair Ed-Din Barbarossa’s Turkish corsairs sack Fondi, Naples |
| | 1734 | Great Fire of Montreal: c. 50 buildings burn, a black woman is lynched |
| | 1741 | Battle of Mollwitz: Prussians defeat the Austrians |
| | 1815 | Austria declares war on King Giacchino Murat of Naples |
| | 1845 | Great fire of Pittsburgh, c. 1,000 buildings damaged |
| | 1848 | Battle of Castelnuovo: Austrians defeat Italian Nationalists |
| | 1864 | Austrian Archduke Maximilian becomes Emperor of Mexico |
| | 1865 | Appomattox: Gen Lee issues Gen Order #9, his last |
| | 1868 | British defeat King Theodorus of Abyssinia at Magdala |
| | 1880 | War of the Pacific: Chilean fleet blockades Callao, Peru |
| | 1917 | Eddystone, PA, munitions factory explosion, 133 die |
| | 1923 | Hitler speaks of "hatred and more hatred" in Berlin |
| | 1941 | Axis troops capture Cyrenaica |
| | 1941 | USS Niblack depth charges a u-boat; first US action against Germany in WW II |
| | 1942 | Manila Bay: Japanese bombard Corregidor and other forts. |
| | 1942 | Philippines: Japanese land on Cebu |
| | 1942 | The Netherlands: Germans impose cigarette & candy rationing |
| | 1943 | Sub Triton reported overdue, presumed lost, Admiralty Islands |
| | 1944 | Burma: British offensive on the Imphal-Kohima front. |
| | 1944 | Soviet forces liberate Odessa from Nazis |
| | 1945 | Allies liberate the Buchenwald concentration camp |
| | 1945 | British carriers attack Japanese airbases on Formosa. |
| | 1948 | Jewish Hagana repells an Arab attack on Mishmar Ha-Emek |
| | 1963 | SSN Thresher sinks east of Cape Cod, 124 die |
| | 1972 | US, USSR, & 70 other nations agree to ban biological weapons |
| | 1984 | US Senate condemns CIA mining of Nicaraguan harbors |
| 11 | 411 | Consecration of Pope Adeodatus (aka Deusdedit II) (672-676), later canonized |
| | 421 | BC Peace of Nikias: Truce in the Peloponnesian War (431-421, 415-404 BC) |
| | 1241 | Battle of the Sajo River, Day 2: The Mongols crush the Hungarians |
| | 1471 | King Edward IV of England captures London from Henry VI |
| | 1512 | Battle of Ravenna: Bloody French victory over the Spanish |
| | 1534 | Ambush of San Andrea: The Itrani rout Khairaidin Barbarossa's Arab raiders as they advance south on the Appia |
| | 1713 | Treaty of Utrecht: Ends War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) |
| | 1814 | Napoleon's first abdication |
| | 1822 | Turks massacre Greeks on Chios |
| | 1856 | Battle of Rivas: Costa Rica beats William Walker's invading Mercs & Nicaraguans |
| | 1862 | Rebels surrender Ft Pulaski, Georgia |
| | 1863 | Battle of Suffolk, VA |
| | 1865 | Confederates evacuate Mobile |
| | 1865 | Lincoln urges national reconciliation. |
| | 1895 | Jose Marti & Maximo Gomez land at Plaitas, Cuba, to initiate an uprising against Spain. |
| | 1898 | Pres McKinley asks for Declaration of War against Spain |
| | 1899 | Treaty of Paris: Spain cedes Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam to US |
| | 1900 | USN accepts its first submarine, the USS Holland |
| | 1925 | Morocco: Abd el-Krim's Riffian forces defeat the French |
| | 1927 | Chile: Gen Carlos Ibañez declares himself president |
| | 1933 | Hermann Goring becomes minister-president of Prussia |
| | 1939 | Hungary leaves the League of Nations |
| | 1941 | Germans "Coventryize" Conventry, England |
| | 1942 | Burma: Japanese begin a major offensive against the British. |
| | 1942 | Cebu: Japanese rapidly overrun settled areas. |
| | 1942 | Merchant Mariners authorized to receive the DSM |
| | 1943 | New Guinea: Japanese a/c from Rabaul raid Oro Bay |
| | 1944 | Marlene Dietrich’s USO show premiers in the Algiers Opera House, first of a series of performances that numbered as many as three a day, almost every day, until shortly after the end of the war. |
| | 1944 | Philippines: Sub Redfin sinks Japanese DD Akigumo off Zamboanga |
| | 1944 | RAF bombs census bureau in The Hague |
| | 1951 | Harry S Truman fires Gen Douglas McArthur |
| | 1953 | Former Chief WAC Oveta Culp Hobby becomes first Secretary of HEW |
| | 1956 | France sends 200,000 reservists to Algeria |
| | 1957 | Ryan X-13 Vertijet becomes 1st jet to take-off & land vertically |
| | 1961 | Trial of Adolf Eichman begins in Israel |
| | 1979 | Tanzanian troops take Kampala, ending Idi Amin's regime in Uganda |
| 12 | 464 | Anthemius is proclaime Roman Emperor (464-472) |
| | 1111 | Pope Paschal II crowns Henry V Holy Roman Emperor |
| | 1204 | Fourth Crusaders capture Constantinople, amid great slaughter |
| | 1229 | Peace treaty between Castille and Toulouse |
| | 1365 | 2nd Treaty of Guerande: the House of Blois cedes Brittany to John IV de Montfort |
| | 1394 | Turkish Sultan Bayazid takes Thessaloniki |
| | 1495 | Italian League formed to fight Charles VIII of France |
| | 1637 | Shimabara Revolt begins in Japan |
| | 1706 | The new United Kingdom of Great Briton adopts the "Union" flag |
| | 1782 | Battle of Providen: Indecisive Anglo-French naval clash off India |
| | 1796 | Battle of Montenotte: Bonaparte's French defeat the Austrians |
| | 1809 | Battle of Oporto: The English defeat the French |
| | 1861 | Confederates shell Fort Sumter, initiating the Civil War |
| | 1862 | Great Locomotive Chase: James Andrews steals a train at Kenesaw, GA |
| | 1864 | Battle of Blair's Landing, La |
| | 1864 | Fort Pillow Massacre: N. B. Forrest's men slaughter black troops |
| | 1877 | British annex the Transvaal Republic |
| | 1911 | First naval aviator: Lt Theodore Ellyson |
| | 1916 | Battle of Hacienda Santa Cruz de la Villegas: the black 10th Cav rescues the white 13th Cav, besieged by the Mexicans |
| | 1928 | Attempted assassination of King Victor Emanuel III |
| | 1931 | Spanish voters reject the monarchy |
| | 1935 | Germany prohibits publishing of "non-Aryan" writers |
| | 1940 | Italy annexes Albania |
| | 1942 | Bataan: Japanese massacre c. 400 Filipino officers |
| | 1942 | Cebu: Fil-Am forces initiate guerrilla operations. |
| | 1943 | Allies capture Soussa, Tunisia |
| | 1943 | Germans seize the Catholic University at Nijmegen |
| | 1943 | New Guinea: Japanese aircraft raid Port Moresby |
| | 1944 | British airlift a West African Chindit brigade into central Burma. |
| | 1945 | Okinawa: 150 kamikaze attack the fleet, sinking one destroyer. |
| | 1945 | Senior U.S. commanders visit the Ohrduf Concentration Camp; Ike & Bradley are stunned, Patton vomits |
| | 1961 | Douglas MacArthur declines offer to become baseball commissioner |
| | 1961 | The first man in orbit: Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin, in Vostok 1 |
| | 1966 | First B-52 raids on North Vietnam |
| | 1993 | Bosnia: USS Theodore Roosevelt & NATO a/c initiate no-fly zone |
| 13 | 989 | Battle of Abydos: Byzantine Emperor Basil II defeats Bardas Phocas |
| | 1055 | Count Gebhard of Calw, Tollenstein, & Hirschberg is enthroned as Pope Victor II (1055-1057) |
| | 1111 | Pope Paschal II crowns Henry II Holy Roman Emperor |
| | 1241 | Battle of the Theiss: The Mongols defeat King Béla IV of Hungary |
| | 1471 | The Battle of Leicester: King Edward IV defeats the Lancastrians |
| | 1517 | Turks capture Cairo from the Mamlukes |
| | 1631 | Gustavus Adolphus captures Frankfurt |
| | 1759 | French win Battle of Bergen |
| | 1788 | NYC "Doctors' Riot" protesting corpse stealing |
| | 1796 | Battle of Millesimo: Bonaparte defeats the Austrians |
| | 1863 | Battle of Irish Bend/Ft Bisland, La |
| | 1865 | Battle of Raleigh, NC |
| | 1868 | British occupy Magdala, Abyssinia |
| | 1870 | Col. Luigi di Cesnola, U.S.V., named 1st director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art |
| | 1873 | Colfax Massacre: Louisiana White Leaguers & Kluxers kill c. 110 black Americans |
| | 1904 | Battle of Oviumbo: The Herero defeat the Germans |
| | 1906 | Mutiny in Portuguese warships Dom Carlos & Vasco da Gama |
| | 1906 | Turret explosion in USS Kearsarge (BB-5): 10 killed, 4 injured |
| | 1919 | Amritsar: British fire on demonstrators, hundreds die |
| | 1940 | Narvik: BB Warspite sinks eight German DDs |
| | 1941 | Heavy German attack on Tobruk |
| | 1941 | Russo-Japan non-aggression pact goes into effect |
| | 1942 | Burma: British Burma Corps breaks. |
| | 1942 | VAdm Robert L. Ghormley named Commander, South Pacific Area |
| | 1943 | Katyn: Nazis find graves of 13,000 Polish officers killed by Soviets |
| | 1944 | India: Heavy fighting on the Imphal-Kohima front. |
| | 1945 | Soviets capture Vienna |
| | 1960 | France becomes 4th nuclear power, with an A-test in the Sahara |
| | 1975 | Military coup in Chad |
| | 2036 | Asteroid Apophis makes near-earth approach |
| 14 | 69 | 1st Battle of Bedriacum: Vitellius defeats Otho to confirm his claim as Emperor (proclaimed Jan 1st) |
| | 73 | Masada falls |
| | 193 | Lucius Septimius Severus proclaimed Roman Emperor (193-211) |
| | 754 | Pact of Quierzy between Pope Stephen II & Pepin the Short |
| | 1191 | Giacinto Bobo, c. 85, elected Pope as Celestine III (1191-1198) |
| | 1205 | Battle of Adrianople: Bulgarians defeat Latin Emperor of Constantinople |
| | 1360 | Besieging Paris, Edward III’s army suffers many men and horses frozen to death in an extraordinary cold snap |
| | 1471 | Battle of Barnet: King Edward IV defeat the Lancastrians |
| | 1471 | Battle of Barnet: King Edward IV defeats the Earl of Warwick in a confusing action |
| | 1496 | Battle of Chilone: The French defeat the Neapolitans |
| | 1544 | Battle of Ceresole Alba: French defeat the Spanish & Imperialists |
| | 1574 | Battle of Mookerheyde: Spanish defeat the Dutch |
| | 1658 | Battle of Dunkerque: French defeat the Spanish |
| | 1796 | Battle of Dego: Bonaparte defeats the Austro-Piedmontese |
| | 1818 | US Army Medical Corps formed |
| | 1828 | HMS Acorn (18 guns) sinks off Halifax, 115 die |
| | 1848 | Battle of Sarche: Austrians defeat Italian Nationalists |
| | 1864 | Spanish fleet captures the Chincha Islands from Peru, initiating the Guano War (1864-66) |
| | 1865 | Abraham Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth, on Good Friday |
| | 1865 | Mobile captured by Union forces |
| | 1898 | USS Solace commissioned, first hospital ship in the USN since 1865 |
| | 1912 | RMS Titanic strikes an ice berg, c. 11:40 pm |
| | 1931 | King Alfonso XIII flees as Spain becomes a republic |
| | 1940 | British and French troops land in Norway to help fight Germans |
| | 1942 | Australia assents to MacArthur as Supreme Commander, SW Pacific. |
| | 1942 | Burma: British order the Yenangyaung oil fields destroyed. |
| | 1943 | New Guinea: Japanese air raid on Milne Bay sinks two transports. |
| | 1943 | New Guinea: PT-150 and PT-152 sink Japanese sub Ro-102, off Lae. |
| | 1944 | Bombay: ship loaded with 1,300 tons of TNT explodes, 21 ships sink, c. 1000 die |
| | 1945 | Arnhem & Zwolle, the Netherlands, liberated from the Nazis |
| | 1945 | Tokyo fire bomb raids: B-29s damage Imperial Palace |
| | 1953 | Viet Minh offensive in Laos |
| 15 | 43 | BC Battle of Forum Gallorum: Antony is defeated by the Consuls |
| | 56 | BC Council of Luca: Caesar, Pompey, & Crassus, renew their pact to plunder the state |
| | 73 | Masada falls to the Romans |
| | 1207 | St. Francis renounces worldly goods |
| | 1632 | Battle of the Lech: Swedes defeat the Imperialists |
| | 1746 | Battle of the Trebbia: Austrians defeat the French & Spanish |
| | 1836 | Battle of New Washington: Inconclusive skirmish between Texians and Mexicans |
| | 1861 | Ft Sumter surrenders |
| | 1861 | Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers |
| | 1865 | Former Brig Gen Andrew Johnson assumes the presidency |
| | 1865 | The Stars and Stripes are again hoisted over Ft Sumter |
| | 1868 | Emperor Meiji reviews the first ships to fly the imperial naval ensign |
| | 1874 | Lord Randolph Spencer Churchill marries Jennie Jerome, in Paris |
| | 1892 | Battle of Serobeti: Italians defeat the Sudanese Mahdists |
| | 1904 | Grand melee in Pensacola as c. 350 soldiers & sailors battle police and shore patrol; 1 k, many injured |
| | 1912 | RMS Titanic sinks at c. 0225 |
| | 1940 | British troops land at Narvik, Norway |
| | 1942 | George VI awards the George Cross to the people of Malta |
| | 1942 | Japanese threaten to encircle the British Burma Div. |
| | 1943 | Aleutians: U.S. convoys begin converging on Attu. |
| | 1943 | Russell Is.: U.S. completes a major airfield on Banika |
| | 1944 | India: British and Indians make important gains on the Kohima Front. |
| | 1945 | British Army liberates Bergen-Belsen concentration camp |
| | 1945 | Burma: helicopter makes first rescue of a downed pilot. |
| | 1945 | FDR is buried at his estate in Hyde Park, NY |
| | 1947 | Former 2nd Lt Jackie Robinson begins playing for Brooklyn, integrating modern Major League baseball |
| | 1952 | First test flight of a B-52 prototype |
| | 1969 | North Korea shoots at US airplane over the Sea of Japan |
| | 1974 | Military coup in Niger |
| | 1986 | US a/c raid terrorist bases in Libya, following Berlin disco bombing |
| 16 | 556 | Election of Pope Pelagius I (556-561) |
| | 1071 | Robert the Weasel captures Bari from the Byzantines after a three year siege |
| | 1178 | BC Odysseus returns to Ithaka |
| | 1444 | Truce of Tours: pause in the Hundred Year's War (1444-1450) |
| | 1746 | Battle of Culloden: the Duke of Cumberland defeats the "Young Pretender" and massacres his supporters |
| | 1777 | Battle of Bennington: Molly Stark does not "find herself a widow" |
| | 1796 | Battle of Ceva begins: French v. Austro-Piedmontese (ends 17th) |
| | 1797 | Royal Navy "mutiny" at Spithead (ends May 14) |
| | 1799 | Battle of Mt. Tabor: Bonaparte's French defeat the Turks |
| | 1809 | Battle of Sacile: The Austrians defeat the French |
| | 1810 | Notorious “War Hawk” Rep. Nathaniel Macon of North Carolina proposes "the whole army ought to be abolished" |
| | 1818 | Rush-Bagot treaty ratified, creating an unarmed US-Canada border |
| | 1862 | Confederacy introduces conscription for white men between 18-35 |
| | 1862 | Slavery is abolished in the District of Columbia |
| | 1865 | Battles of Columbus & West Point, Ga |
| | 1916 | The French Army forms the Escadrille Americaine. |
| | 1917 | Lenin arrives at the Finland Station, in Petrograd, to plot the Bolshevik Revolution |
| | 1924 | Navy begins relief operations for Mississippi Valley floods (to June 16) |
| | 1938 | Britain recognizes Italian annexation of Abyssinia |
| | 1942 | Burma: Japanese troops occupy Magwe. |
| | 1942 | Philippines: Japanese troops land on Panay |
| | 1943 | US code breakers discover Adm Yamamoto will visit the Solomon Is. |
| | 1944 | US begins planning "Operation Olympic" - invasion of Japan. |
| | 1945 | 77th Inf Div lands on Ie Shima, off Okinawa |
| | 1945 | Red Army begins Battle of Berlin |
| | 1945 | US troops enter Nuremberg |
| | 1945 | USS Laffey (DD-724) survives six kamikaze hits, off Okinawa |
| | 1946 | US launches captured V-2 rocket, White Sands, NM |
| | 1947 | Congress grants Navy Nurses full commissioned status |
| | 1947 | Nitrate-laden ship explodes at Texas City, over 500 die. |
| | 1965 | Test flight of heavy Saturn S-1C-rocket |
| | 1966 | Rhodesia breaks diplomatic relations with Britain |
| 17 | 43 | BC Phyrric senatorial victory over Marc Antony at Mutina (Modena) |
| | 1413 | Venetians defeat the Hungarians in Friulia |
| | 1421 | Dikes at Dort, Holland, break, 100,000 drown |
| | 1488 | Caterina Sforza refuses to surrender Forli, despite threats against her children by the Orsi |
| | 1521 | Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther |
| | 1524 | Giovanni da Verrazano enters New York Bay |
| | 1536 | HRE Charles V challenges Francis I of France, to personal combat, and is refused |
| | 1625 | Franco-Piedmontese forces capture Gavi from the Spanish-Genoese |
| | 1793 | Battle of Warsaw: Russians crush Polish insurgents |
| | 1796 | Battle of Ceva ends: French defeat the Austro-Piedmontese (from 16th) |
| | 1808 | Napoleon's Bayonne Decree authorizes seizure of American ships |
| | 1846 | Battle of Cerro Gordo: Winfield Scott defeats the Mexican Army |
| | 1848 | Battle of Visco: Austrians defeat Italian Nationalists |
| | 1861 | Confederacy authorizes privateers |
| | 1861 | U.S. steamer Star of West captured by Confederates, Indianola, Texas |
| | 1861 | Virginia is the 8th state to secede |
| | 1863 | La Grange, Tn: Grierson's Raid begins, will end at Baton Rouge, LA |
| | 1864 | Battle of Plymouth, NC |
| | 1864 | Bread riot in Savannah, Georgia |
| | 1864 | Grant suspends prisoner-of-war exchanges |
| | 1865 | Mary Surratt is arrested as a conspirator in Lincoln's assassination |
| | 1868 | British burn and abandon Magdala, Abyssinia |
| | 1895 | Treaty of Shimonoseki: Sino-Japanese War ends (1894-1895), China loses Formosa |
| | 1941 | Iraq: British reinforcements arrive to defeat pro-fascist coup |
| | 1941 | Yugoslavia surrenders to the Germans |
| | 1942 | Burma: Anglo-Indians & Chinese are unable to hold the Japanese advance |
| | 1942 | Germans begin to destroy the Sobibor Concentration Camp |
| | 1944 | Chinese forces in northern Burma resume the offensive. |
| | 1944 | Last Japanese offensive in China, to seize B-29 bases. |
| | 1945 | Baltic: German SS Goya (5,230 GRT) sunk, c. 6,000 killed |
| | 1945 | German occupiers flood Wieringermeer, Netherlands |
| | 1945 | Mussolini flees from Salo to Milan |
| | 1945 | U.S. forces land on Mindanao Island, Philippines. |
| | 1961 | Bay of Pigs: 1,400 Cuban exiles land to overthrow Castro |
| | 1975 | Khmer Rouge capture Phnom Penh, initiate reign of terror |
| 18 | 310 | Consecraton of Pope Eusebius (Apr 18-Aug 17, 310 - or 309), later canonized |
| | 1483 | Battle of the Ponte di Crevola: The Milanese defeat the Swiss |
| | 1506 | Pope Julius II lays the first stone of the new St. Peter’s Basilica |
| | 1676 | Sudbury, Mass, attacked by Indians |
| | 1775 | Paul Revere, Samuel Prescott, & William Dawes take a little ride |
| | 1861 | Baltimore mob attacks 27th Pennsylvania, several injured |
| | 1861 | Col R E Lee may have been offered and refused a major command in the U.S. Army |
| | 1861 | Confederates capture Harpers Ferry arsenal |
| | 1862 | Farragut’s fleet bombards Fts Jackson & St. Philip, below New Orleans |
| | 1864 | Battle of Poison Springs, Ark |
| | 1923 | Poland annexes Central Lithuania |
| | 1942 | Burma: Chinese 55th Div collapses, breaking Allied front |
| | 1942 | Doolittle Raid: 16 B-25Bs off CV Hornet strike Tokyo and other targets |
| | 1942 | World War II edition of Stars & Stripes begins publication in England |
| | 1945 | c. 1000 Allied bombers raid Helgoland, in the North Sea, 128 die |
| | 1946 | The League of Nations officially dissolves |
| | 1954 | Egypt: Nasser seizes power as premier |
| | 1956 | Egypt & Israel agree to a ceasefire |
| | 1983 | Beirut: Suicide bomber attacks the US Embassy, 63 die |
| 19 | 26 | The Crucifiction [Alt Trad] |
| | 65 | The Pisonian Conspiracy against Nero is frustrated |
| | 530 | Battle of Callenico: The Persians defeat the Byzantines |
| | 1451 | Shah Alam of Delhi abdicates |
| | 1587 | Frances Drake raids Cadiz |
| | 1775 | "The Shot Heard 'Round the World" |
| | 1782 | The Netherlands recognizes the US |
| | 1809 | Battle of Teugen: The French defeat the Austrians |
| | 1859 | Lombardy-Venetia War: Austria demands that Piedmont disarm. |
| | 1861 | Baltimore mob attacks the 6th Mass, 4 soldiers, c. 12 rioters die |
| | 1861 | Lincoln orders blockade of Confederate ports |
| | 1864 | USS Kearsage sinks CSS Alabama off Cherbourg, France |
| | 1909 | Canonization of Joan of Arc, patron of France, Soldiers, & Women in Military Service |
| | 1916 | Italian troops capture Col di Lana at Merano |
| | 1919 | Leslie Irvin of US makes 1st free fall parachute jump |
| | 1928 | Japanese troops occupy Shantung Peninsula in China |
| | 1936 | Anti-Jewish rioting in Palestine |
| | 1941 | Bulgarian troops occupy Macedonia |
| | 1941 | Marines begin construction of an airfield on Wake Is. |
| | 1941 | Nazis initiate milk rationing in the Netherlands |
| | 1942 | British abandon the oil fields at Yenangyuang, Burma |
| | 1943 | Sub Scorpion lays mines in Japanese waters |
| | 1943 | Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins; lasts until May 16. |
| | 1944 | Japan reinforces drive against U.S. airbases in China. |
| | 1944 | New York: Massive rally protesting Nazi genocide. |
| | 1945 | Italian UDT sink incomplete CV Aquila, in German hands at Genoa |
| | 1945 | US offensive opens against the Shuri Line on Okinawa |
| | 1948 | Chiang Kai-shek elected president of Nationalist China |
| | 1959 | Abortive uprising at La Paz, Bolivia |
| | 1962 | NASA pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 to 46,900 m |
| | 1964 | Rightist coup in Laos, Suvanna Phuma remains premier |
| | 1971 | USSR Salyut 1 launched; 1st manned lab in orbit |
| | 1989 | USS Iowa gun turret explosion, 47 die |
| | 1990 | Truce ends the Nicaraguan Civil War |
| | 1995 | Oklahoma City: Self-styled "patriot" kills 168 Americans |
| 20 | 1283 | Roger de Lauria becomes Grand Admiral of Catalonia |
| | 1505 | Philbert of Luxemburg expels the Jews from Burgundy |
| | 1653 | Coup by Cromwell dissolves the “Rump” Parliament and installs him as dictator |
| | 1775 | American patriots begin siege of British in Boston |
| | 1789 | George Washington is sworn in as the first POTUS, Federal Hall, NY |
| | 1792 | Republican France declares war on Austria, Prussia, & Piedmont, initiating the War of the First Coalition |
| | 1799 | Napoleon issues a decree calling for settling Jews in Jerusalem |
| | 1809 | Battle of Abensberg: The French defeat the Austrians |
| | 1813 | Battle of Bautzen, Day 1: Napoleon v. the Russo-Prussians |
| | 1836 | Skirmish between Texian and Mexican outposts near San Jacinto |
| | 1861 | Robert E Lee resigns from United States Army |
| | 1861 | Union forces burn and abandon Gosport (Norfolk, Va) Navy Yard. |
| | 1864 | Confederates capture 85th NY at Plymouth, NC |
| | 1915 | US Navy issues its first contract for lighter-than-air craft. |
| | 1919 | Polish Army captures Vilno from the Red Army |
| | 1934 | Heinrich Himmler becomes head of the Prussian secret police |
| | 1936 | Jews beat off an Arab attack on Petach Tikvah, Palestine |
| | 1941 | German bombers raid Athens |
| | 1941 | Swiss beat Germany 2-1 in soccer, on Hitler’s birthday! |
| | 1942 | Burma: British forces begin a general withdrawal. |
| | 1942 | Heavy Axis air raids on Malta |
| | 1942 | USS Wasp launches 47 British aircraft to reinforce Malta |
| | 1943 | Sub Runner lays mines off Hong Kong. |
| | 1944 | Burma: Chinese New 38th Div ejects Japanese from terrain near Kamaing. |
| | 1944 | India: British lift siege of Kohima, Japanese hold the road to Imphal |
| | 1945 | Burma: British approach the Yenangyaung oil fields |
| | 1945 | Okinawa: U.S. forces capture Motobu Heights, in the north |
| | 1945 | US Seventh Army captures Nuremberg, site of Nazi Party rallies |
| | 1947 | Peleliu: 27 Japanese troops surrender, 18 months after VJ-Day |
| | 1951 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for General of the Army Douglas MacArthur |
| | 1987 | US deports Karl Linnas, charged with Nazi war crimes, to USSR |
| | 1999 | Two students run amok in Columbine High School, 13 killed, 2 suicides |
| 21 | 753 | BC Romulus founds a city |
| | 1097 | Aquitainian Crusaders under Bishop Adhemar and Count Raymond reach Constantinople |
| | 1503 | Battle of Seminara: The Spanish defeat the French in Naples |
| | 1519 | Cortes lands in Mexico |
| | 1572 | Anglo-French alliance concluded against Spain |
| | 1738 | Algerian pirates raid into the Bay of Naples |
| | 1739 | Austria concedes independence of Naples under Charles IV, half-brother of the King of Spain |
| | 1796 | Battle of Mondovi: Bonaparte defeats the Austrians |
| | 1809 | Battle of Landshut: Napoleon defeats the Austrians |
| | 1813 | Battle of Bautzen, Day 2: Napoleon defeats the Russo-Prussians |
| | 1836 | Battle of San Jacinto: Texas secures independence from Mexico |
| | 1861 | USS Saratoga captures slaver Nightingale, bound for the Confederacy |
| | 1865 | Abraham Lincoln's funeral train leaves Washington |
| | 1898 | US declares war on Spain |
| | 1914 | US Marines and sailors occupy Vera Cruz, Mexico |
| | 1941 | Greece surrenders to Nazi Germany |
| | 1944 | TF 58 raids Hollandia & Wakde, to prepare for landings. |
| | 1945 | Burma: Japanese decide to retire, abandoning Rangoon |
| | 1945 | Ie Shima, off Okinawa, secured after five days fighting |
| | 1945 | Red Army reaches the outskirts of Berlin |
| | 1954 | USAF flies French battalion to Vietnam |
| | 1961 | USAF Maj Robert M White takes X-15 to 32,000 m |
| | 1967 | Military coup in Greece |
| | 1967 | Svetlana Alliluyeva, Stalin's daughter, seeks asylum in the US |
| | 1975 | Nguyen Van Thieu resigns as president of South Vietnam |
| 22 | 1073 | Election of Pope Gregory VIII - Hildebrand (1073-1085), later canonized |
| | 1164 | Anti-Pope “Paschal III” - Guido di Crema – proclaimed |
| | 1363 | Battle of Canturino: The White Company defeats the Milanese |
| | 1370 | Construction begins in Paris on the Bastille |
| | 1509 | Henry VIII ascends the throne of England |
| | 1521 | King Francis I of France declares war on Spain |
| | 1526 | First known slave revolt in what is now the US, South Carolina |
| | 1529 | Spain & Portugal divide eastern hemisphere in Treaty of Zaragoza |
| | 1676 | Naval Battle off Etna: Dutch-Spanish vs. French |
| | 1677 | Naval Battle off Catania: Dutch v. French |
| | 1769 | Madame du Barry becomes King Louis XV's "official" mistress |
| | 1796 | Battle of Mondovi: Napoleon defeats the Piedmontese |
| | 1809 | Battle of Eggmuhl: The French defeat the Austrians |
| | 1861 | Robert E Lee named commander of Virginia forces |
| | 1898 | President McKinley orders blockade of Cuba |
| | 1898 | USS Nashville captures Spanish ship Buena Ventura |
| | 1913 | Balkan Wars: Montenegrans capture Scutari, Albania |
| | 1914 | Mexico severs diplomatic relations with US |
| | 1915 | Second Battle of Ypres: Germany introduces poison gas |
| | 1930 | The London Naval Arms Limitation Trety is signed |
| | 1944 | Hitler & Mussolini confer at Berchtesgarten |
| | 1944 | New Guinea: U.S. Army troops land near Hollandia |
| | 1945 | 3rd Inf Div demonstrates American cultural insensitivity by blowing up the Nuremburg Stadium swastika, |
| | 1945 | Concentration Camp at Sachsenhausen liberated |
| | 1951 | Ticker-tape parade for Gen. MacArthur up Boadway |
| | 1952 | First live television broadcast of an atomic bomb test |
| | 1954 | First TV broadcast of the Senate Army-McCarthy hearings |
| | 1954 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for the 4th Infantry Division, home from Korea |
| | 1961 | General Raoul Salan attempts an anti-Gaullist coup in Algeria |
| | 1972 | Astronauts John Young & Charles Duke take a dune buggy ride on the Moon |
| | 1983 | Soyuz T-8 returns to Earth |
| 23 | 0 | Feast of St. George, Patron of England and of Soldiers |
| | 1014 | Battle of Clontarf: The Irish defeat the Danes |
| | 1154 | Damascus surrenders to Sultan Nur ad-Din of Aleppo |
| | 1296 | Battle of Spottismuir: Edward I & the Earl of Surrey defeat & depose John Balliol, King of Scotland |
| | 1348 | Edward III founds the Order of the Garter |
| | 1449 | Battle of Borgomanero: Bartolomeo Colleoni defeats the French & Savoyards |
| | 1521 | Battle of Villalar: Spanish Crown defeats the Communeros |
| | 1795 | William Hastings acquitted in England of high treason |
| | 1826 | The Turks capture Missolonghi, Greece, amid great slaughter |
| | 1861 | Arkansas troops seize Ft Smith |
| | 1861 | Texas forces capture U.S. Army post at San Antonio |
| | 1864 | Red River Expedition: Battle of Cane River/Monett's Ferry |
| | 1891 | Jews are expelled from Moscow |
| | 1918 | British raid Zeebrugge, Belgium |
| | 1918 | Dover Patrol sinks Germany U-boat in North Sea |
| | 1938 | Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia demand self-government |
| | 1941 | King George II of Greece flees abroad before the Nazi invaders |
| | 1943 | New Guinea: Aussie Kanga Force relieved by 3rd Div on the Mubo front. |
| | 1943 | Sub Seawolf sinks a Japanese patrol vessel, Yellow Sea |
| | 1945 | Allies in Italy reach the Po River |
| | 1945 | Balikpapan, Borneo: USN uses guided missile for the first time, 2 BATS, 2 hits |
| | 1949 | Red Chinese occupy Nanking |
| | 1950 | Nationalist Chinese evacuate Hainan Island |
| | 1967 | Soyuz 1 launched |
| | 1980 | Soviet sub catches fire off Japan, 9 die |
| 24 | 0 | Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day |
| | 858 | Election of Pope St. Nicholas I “the Great” (858-867) |
| | 1184 | BC The Greeks take Troy [or maybe June]. |
| | 1288 | Jews of Troyes, France, are accused of ritual murder |
| | 1524 | Hapsburg Imperial troops capture Milan from the French |
| | 1547 | Battle of Muhlberg: Imperialists defeat the Schamlkaldic Leagu |
| | 1585 | Felice Peretti elected Pope as Sixtus V (1585-1590) |
| | 1757 | Battle of Reichenberg: Prussians defeat the Austrians |
| | 1778 | US Sloop-of-War Ranger captures HMS Drake |
| | 1792 | Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle composes "La Marseillaise" |
| | 1800 | Congress appropriates $5000 to build a library |
| | 1849 | French Expeditionary Force lands at Civitavecchia, to crush the Roman Republic |
| | 1862 | Farragut runs the Confederate batteries on the Mississippi below New Orleans |
| | 1863 | War Department isues GO No 100, The Law of Land Warfare, the first US ROE. |
| | 1877 | Last US troops leave New Orleans: Reconstruction ends, Jim Crow begins |
| | 1895 | Joshua Slocum & Spray complete the first solo around-the-world voyage |
| | 1898 | Spain declares war on US |
| | 1915 | Turks initiate widespread massacre of Armenians |
| | 1916 | The Irish “Easter Rebellion” begins (to 29th) |
| | 1917 | US DDs sail for Europe; 17 days after war is declared on Germany (see May 4) |
| | 1920 | Polish troops enter Ukraine |
| | 1922 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for Marshal Joseph Joffre |
| | 1932 | Benito Mussolini (48) meets Clara Petacci (20) for the first time |
| | 1932 | Nazis gain 36.3% of votes in Prussian election |
| | 1942 | Japanese troops advance on all fronts in Burma. |
| | 1943 | U.S. 7th Infantry Div sails from San Francisco for Alaska |
| | 1944 | 1st Boeing B-29 arrives in China "over the Hump" |
| | 1944 | Australian troops occupy Madang in New Guinea. |
| | 1953 | Queen Elizabeth II knights Winston Chruchill |
| | 1961 | JFK accepts "sole responsibility" for the Bay of Pigs |
| | 1961 | Swedish warship Vasa, sunk on her maiden voyage in 1628, is raised |
| | 1968 | Lenny Glynn “visits” President's office at Columbia University |
| | 1969 | US B-52s drop 3,000 tons of bombs on VC positions inside Cambodia |
| | 1970 | China PR launches its 1st satellite, transmitting song "East is Red" |
| | 1980 | "Desert One": US operation to save 52 hostages in Iran, fails, 8 die |
| 25 | 404 | BC Athens surrenders to Sparta, ending the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) |
| | 1283 | Siege of Bere Castle: English defeat the Welsh |
| | 1464 | Battle of Hedgeley Moor: Marquess of Montague’s Yorkists defeat the Duke of Somerset’s Lancastrians |
| | 1591 | The Moroccans take Timbuktu |
| | 1607 | Battle of Gibraltar Bay: the Dutch fleet defeats the Spanish & Portuguese |
| | 1626 | Battle of the Dessauer Bridge: Albrecht von Wallenstein defeats Graf von Mansfeld |
| | 1707 | Battle of Almansa: Borbonists defeat the Habsburgists to secure the throne of Spain |
| | 1792 | First execution by guillotine |
| | 1861 | 7th NY & 8th Massachusetts arrive in Washington |
| | 1861 | Battle of Lavaca, TX |
| | 1861 | Pvt Samuel Young enlists; retires Jan 9, 1904, as Lt Gen. |
| | 1862 | Farragut occupies New Orleans, La |
| | 1864 | Battle of Marks' Mill, Arkansas (Camden Expedition) |
| | 1881 | 250,000 sign petitions to bar foreign Jews from entering Germany |
| | 1914 | First USN air combat mission: Lt. Patrick Bellinger conducts a reconnaissance over Veracruz, receiving some damage from machine gun fire. |
| | 1915 | Gallipoli: 78,000 ANZAC troops land |
| | 1925 | Paul von Hindenburg becomes president of Germany |
| | 1926 | Reza Palavi crowns himself Shah of Persia |
| | 1927 | Spain sends 20,000 reinforcements to Morocco |
| | 1942 | Burma: Chinese unable to halt Japanese before Lashio. |
| | 1942 | Doolittle Mission: CVs Hornet & Enterprise return to Pearl Harbor |
| | 1944 | New Britain: 1st Marine Div relieved by the 40th Infantry Div |
| | 1945 | First UN Session: 45 countries convene in San Francisco |
| | 1945 | Japanese route Chinese forces at Wuking. |
| | 1945 | Last Boeing B-17 attack against Nazi Germany |
| | 1945 | Red Army completely surrounds Berlin |
| | 1945 | US & Soviet forces meet at Torgau on the Elbe River |
| | 1960 | USS Triton completes first submerged circumnavigation of the globe |
| | 1962 | Christmas Island: US resumes above ground nuclear testing, |
| | 1974 | Dictator Antonio Salazar overthrown in Portugal |
| | 1975 | Stockholm: Terrorist attack on the West German embassy |
| | 1982 | Israel completes Sinai withdrawal, in accordance with Camp David accords |
| | 1993 | Boris Yeltsin elected President of Russia |
| 26 | 757 | Acession of Pope Paul I (757-767), later canonized; the brother of Stephen II (752) |
| | 1478 | The Pazzi attempt to assassinate the Medici at mass |
| | 1501 | Cesare Borgia captures Faenza, besieged since Nov 7, 1500 |
| | 1604 | Battle of Blankenbergh: Spanish defeat the Dutch |
| | 1607 | English colonists land at Cape Henry, Va |
| | 1654 | Jews are expelled from Brazil |
| | 1655 | Dutch permit Jews to settle in Nieuw Amsterdam |
| | 1777 | Sybil Ludington, 16, alerts Connecticut militia of a British raid |
| | 1805 | Cyrus Eaton, the proverbial few Marines, and some mercs storm Derna, Libya |
| | 1814 | King Louis XVIII lands at Calais, from exile in England |
| | 1846 | Mexican War: Mexicans beat U.S. Dragoons at Rancho Carricitos, Tx |
| | 1859 | Lombardy-Venetia War: Piedmont rejects Austrian ultimatum, declares war; France mobilizes in support |
| | 1865 | Battle of Durham Station/Greensboro, NC |
| | 1865 | Battle of Ft Tobacco, VA |
| | 1865 | Gen Joseph E Johnston surrenders Army of Tennessee, Durham, NC |
| | 1913 | China: Sun Yat San revolts against Pres Yuan Shikai |
| | 1926 | Germany & Russia sign neutrality & friendship treaty |
| | 1933 | Jewish students are barred from school in Germany |
| | 1937 | Luftwaffe bombs Guernica, Spain, hundreds die |
| | 1938 | Austrian Jews required to register property above 5,000 Reichsmarks |
| | 1941 | Nazis ration potatoes in Holland |
| | 1943 | Attu: U.S. ships shell Japanese positions. |
| | 1943 | U-180 transfers Indian radical Subhas Chandra Bose to Japanese I-29. |
| | 1944 | First attack by Japanese fighters on B-29s, one fighter shot down |
| | 1944 | New Guinea: Australians take Alexishafen |
| | 1944 | New Guinea: U.S. troops take the airfield at Hollandia |
| | 1945 | Okinawa: Japanese resistance intensifies, halting U.S. offensive. |
| | 1952 | MS Hobson rams carrier Wasp, 176 die |
| | 1959 | Cuban-sponsored guerrillas invade Panama |
| | 1961 | Raoul Salan’s coup against Pres. De Gaulle fails |
| | 1962 | Lockheed A-12 flies for first time |
| | 1968 | US underground nuclear test, "Boxcar", one megaton device |
| | 1982 | South Georgia I: Argentine forces surrender to British |
| 27 | 630 | Shahrbaraz becomes Persian Emperor (to June 9) |
| | 1084 | Robert the Weasel liberates Rome – and Pope Gregory VII – from Emperor Henry IV, amid great slaughter |
| | 1507 | Genovese uprising against French occupation |
| | 1509 | Pope Julius II excommunicates "The Most Serene Republic" of Venice |
| | 1528 | Battle of Cape d'Orso: Franco-Genovese fleet crushes the Spanish |
| | 1773 | British Parliament passes Tea Act, leading to Boston Tea Party |
| | 1778 | John Paul Jones begins a two-day raid on Whitehaven, U.K. |
| | 1799 | Battle of Cassano: Russo-Austrians defeat the French |
| | 1813 | Toronto captured by Americans under Gen Zebulon Pike |
| | 1849 | Battle of Marghera: Austrians defeat Italian Nationalists in the Veneto |
| | 1857 | Establishment of Jewish congregations in Lower Austria is prohibited |
| | 1861 | The 7th NY Militia enters federal service at Washington. |
| | 1861 | Thomas J Jackson assumes command at Harper’s Ferry |
| | 1861 | Virginia having seceded from the US, West Virginia secedes from Virginia |
| | 1863 | Streight's Raid: Tuscumbia to Cedar Bluff, AL |
| | 1865 | Steamer Sultana explodes in the Mississippi, c. 1,500 die |
| | 1874 | Racist “White League” formed in the "Gallant South" |
| | 1881 | Pogroms against Russian Jews start in Elisabethgrad |
| | 1890 | Battle of Barca: Italians defeat the Sudanese Mahdists |
| | 1897 | Dedication of Grant's Tomb |
| | 1898 | Matanzas, Cuba: US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire |
| | 1909 | Sultan Abdul Hamid II of Turkey is overthrown |
| | 1940 | Himmler orders establishment of Auschwitz Concentration Camp |
| | 1941 | German troops occupy Athens |
| | 1942 | Nazis order Belgian Jews to wear yellow stars |
| | 1942 | Stilwell proposes to organize a Chinese army in India. |
| | 1943 | Soviet Union breaks relations with Polish government-in-exile in London |
| | 1945 | Allied warships begin 4-day bombardment of Tarakan Island, Borneo |
| | 1945 | Italian partisans take Mussolini prisoner |
| | 1945 | US Fifth Army liberates Genoa |
| | 1948 | Arab Legion attacks Gesher bridge on the Jordan River |
| | 4977 | BC Kepler’s date for the formation of the universe |
| 28 | 1379 | Battle of Marino: Pope Urban VI defeats Anti-Pope Clement VII |
| | 1503 | Battle of Cerignola: Gonzalvo de Cordoba routs the French |
| | 1635 | Virginia Gov John Harvey accused of treason & removed from office |
| | 1655 | English fleet under Blake defeats the Tunisian corsairs |
| | 1789 | Lt. William Bligh, RN, has occasion to say, "This is mutiny, Mr. Christian, mutiny." |
| | 1796 | Ceasefire of Cherasco, Italy |
| | 1818 | US & Britain agree to naval disarmament on Great Lakes |
| | 1925 | Kurdish rebels surrender to the Turkish Army |
| | 1939 | Hitler claims German-Polish non-aggression pact still in effect |
| | 1942 | Nightly "dim-out" begins on the East Coast |
| | 1943 | New Ireland: Sub Scamp sinks seaplane carrier Kamikawa Maru |
| | 1944 | China: AAF raids Yellow River bridges to slow Japanese |
| | 1945 | Okinawa: Kamikaze attacks on U.S. fleet continue. |
| | 1945 | US Fifth Army reaches Italian-Swiss border |
| | 1950 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid |
| | 1952 | Japanese Peace Treaty formally ending the Asiatic-Pacific War of 1937-1945 |
| | 1956 | French leave Vietnam |
| | 1965 | US Marines land in Dominican Republic, stay until October 1966 |
| | 1967 | Muhammad Ali refuses induction into the army |
| | 1971 | Samuel Lee Gravely, Jr., is promoted to rear admiral; the black admiral in US Navy |
| 29 | 0 | Holocaust Remembrance Day |
| | 58 | BC Cicero sails into exile from Brindisium |
| | 89 | BC Social War: Sulla captures Stabiae from the Italiotes |
| | 1091 | Battle of Monte Levunium: Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus defeats the Pechenegs |
| | 1289 | Sultan Quala'un of Egypt captures Tripoli, Lebanon, from the Crusaders |
| | 1429 | Joan of Arc beats the English at Orleans |
| | 1524 | Battle of Sesia Romagnano: Spanish defeat the French |
| | 1616 | Naval Battle of Euboea: Tuscans defeat the Turks |
| | 1661 | Chinese occupy Taiwan |
| | 1670 | Emilio Altieri elected Pope as Clement X (1670-1676) |
| | 1814 | USS Peacock captures HMS Epervier |
| | 1856 | Crimean War ends |
| | 1861 | Maryland House of Delegates votes against secession |
| | 1863 | Battle of Chancellordville begins |
| | 1898 | Cienfuegos, Cuba: US and Spanish warships exchange fire |
| | 1901 | Anti-Semitic riots in Budapest |
| | 1916 | The Irish “Easter Rebellion” ends (from 16th) |
| | 1926 | Franco-American accord on WW I war debts |
| | 1940 | Norwegian King Haakon flees to England as the Nazis occupy his country |
| | 1942 | Burma: Japanese capture Lashio, |
| | 1942 | Dutch and French Jews ordered to wear a yellow star |
| | 1943 | Dietrich Bonhoffer arrested by Nazis |
| | 1943 | Teop, Solomon I: Sub Gato lands coastwatchers & evacuates missionaries. |
| | 1945 | Adolf Hitler makes an honest woman of Eva Braun |
| | 1945 | Burma: Japanese army evacuates Rangoon |
| | 1945 | RAF drops food to isolated areas in the Netherlands |
| | 1945 | US liberates Nazi concentration camp in Dachau |
| | 1946 | Tokyo: 28 former Japanese leaders indicted as war criminals |
| | 1970 | US & South Vietnamese troops invade Cambodia |
| | 1975 | Last US personnel pull out of Vietnam |
| | 1991 | Croatia declares independence from Yugoslavia |
| 30 | 37 | Roman proconsul Lucius Vitellius (father of a later emperor) arranges a sacrifice to “the God of the Jews” in the Temple at Jerusalem. |
| | 190 | First Company, Signal Corps, 71st Regiment, NYNG, formed to conduct aeronautical operations; now, 106th Rescue Wing, oldest Air Guarnd unit. |
| | 311 | Roman Emperor Galerius issues an edict of toleration for Christians |
| | 462 | Solar eclipse visible in Greece |
| | 1349 | Massacre of the Jews of Radolszell, Germany |
| | 1492 | Ferdinand & Isabella agree to bankroll Columbus |
| | 1492 | Spain announces it will expel all Jews |
| | 1527 | Treaty of Westminster: Anglo-French alliance against Spain |
| | 1563 | King Charles VI orders the Jews expelled from France |
| | 1592 | Marco Sciarra's brigands escort poet Torquato Tasso through brigand-infested mountains around Itri |
| | 1635 | Treaty of Compiegne: Franco-Swedish alliance in the Thirty Years' War |
| | 1794 | Menin, Belgium: Austrians under Hammerstein break out of a French siege |
| | 1798 | Department of the Navy established |
| | 1838 | Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation |
| | 1848 | Battle of Pastrengo: Piedmontese defeat the Austrians |
| | 1849 | Battle of the Villa Pamfili: The Garibaldini defeat the French, who fall back on Civitavecchia |
| | 1860 | Navaho Indians attack Fort Defiance |
| | 1861 | Lincoln orders Federal troops to evacuate the Indian Territory |
| | 1862 | Skirmishing at Swift Run Gap, WV |
| | 1863 | Battle of Camerone – Heroic Legion defense against an overwhelming Mexican force |
| | 1864 | Battle of Jenkin's Ferry, Arkansas |
| | 1871 | American & Mexican bandits murder 144 Apaches in Arizona |
| | 1900 | USA annexes Hawaii |
| | 1904 | Christian Hülsmeye patents the "telemobiloscope," an early radar, which is totally ignored. |
| | 1937 | General Douglas MacArthur marries Jean Faircloth |
| | 1942 | British troops evacuate Mandalay in Burma |
| | 1942 | Luzon: Japanese bombardment of Corregidor and harbor forts continues. |
| | 1942 | Peto, first submarine built on the Great Lakes, launched at Manitowoc |
| | 1943 | Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp for Jews established |
| | 1943 | Chinese halt Japanese in Hupeh, ending threat to Chungking. |
| | 1943 | Panay: Sub Gudgeon conducts supply mission to Filipino guerrillas |
| | 1944 | U.S. carrier aircraft begin two day raid on Truk |
| | 1945 | American & Soviet forces link up at Torgau |
| | 1945 | Okinawa: Kamikaze attacks continue on the U.S. fleet. |
| | 1945 | Red Army liberates Ravensbruck concentration camp |
| | 1945 | Red Army SGT Militon Kantaria & two comrades raise the Red Banner over the Riechstag, as Yvgenie Khaldei takes a picture |
| | 1961 | Fidel Castro receives the Lenin Peace Prize |
| | 1980 | Abdication of Queen Juliana (1948-80) & Accession of Queen Beatrix of Netherlands |
| | 1980 | Terrorists seize the Iranian Embassy in London |
