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April Military History
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Born
| 1 | 1283 | Ludwig IV of Bavaria, Holy Roman Emperor (1314-47) | | | 1815 | Otto Von Bismarck, the Iron Chancellor, d. 1898 | | | 1823 | Simon Bolivar Buckner, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1914 | | | 1918 | The Royal Air Force is formed by the merger of the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service | | | 1920 | Toshiro Mifune, IJAAF, actor (“Midway”), d. 1997 | | | 1922 | William Manchester, Marine, historian ("Goodbye Darkness"), d. 2004 | | 2 | 323 | Alexander IV of Macedon (323-309), presumed son of Alexander the Great | | | 742 | Charlemagne, King of the Franks, Holy Roman Emperor, d. 814 | | | 1725 | Giacomo Casanova, who somehow found time to soldier, d.1798 | | | 1826 | Philip Dale Roddey, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1897 | | | 1833 | Thomas Howard Ruger, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1907 | | | 1914 | Alec Guinness, naval officer, actor ("Lawrence of Arabia," "Bridge on the River Kwai"), d. 2000 | | | 1920 | Jack Webb, sometime B-26 crewman, actor ("The DI"), d. 1982 | | | 1925 | George MacDonald Fraser, soldier, author ("Flashman"), d 2008 | | 3 | 1245 | King Philip III "the Stout" of France (1270-1285) | | | 1367 | King Henry IV Bolingbroke of England (1399-1413) | | | 1637 | Alessandro Stradella, Italian Baroque composer & rake; murdered by a jealous husband, 1682 | | | 1783 | Washington Irving, historian (“The Conquest of Granada”) | | | 1798 | Charles D Wilkes, explorer, naval officer, U.S, d. 1877 | | | 1822 | Edward Everett Hale, author (“The Man Without a Country”), d. 1909 | | | 1842 | Ulric Dahlgren, Col., U.S., kia, 1864 | | | 1866 | James Barry Munnik Hertzog, Boer general, South African politician, d. 1942 | | | 1893 | Leslie Howard, soldier, actor (“The Scarlet Pimpernel”), k. 1943 | | | 1914 | Sam H.F.J. Maneksaw, Indian field marshal, d. 2008 | | | 1917 | Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema, “A Soldier of Orange”; d. 2007 | | | 1926 | Virgil “Gus” Grissom, USAF astronaut (Mercury 4, Gemini 3), d. 1967 | | | 1955 | Aleksander Nikolayevich Yablontsev, cosmonaut | | 4 | 186 | Septimius Bassianus, later known as M. Aurelius Antoninus Caesar, and usually known as the Roman Emperor Caracalla (211-217), at Lugdunum | | | 1814 | John Blair Smith Todd, Brig Gen. U.S., d. 1872 | | | 1817 | John Wilson Sprague, Brig Gen., U.S., d. 1893 | | | 1820 | Charles Devens Jr, Brig Gen., U.S., d. 1891 | | | 1823 | Robert Byington Mitchell, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1882 | | | 1831 | Edward Cary Walthall, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1898 | | | 1880 | Georg von Trapp, Austrian u-boat ace, sire of a musical clan, d. 1947 | | | 1884 | Isoroku Takano, later Yamamoto, k. 1943 | | | 1897 | Pierre Fresnay, French actor ("The Grand Illusion") | | | 1943 | Ian Robertson, director, Britain's National Army Museum | | 5 | 1643 | Charles V Léopold Nicolas Sixte, titualr Duke of Lorraine (167-1690), Imperial Field Marshal, d. 1690 | | | 1795 | Henry Havelock, British general, inventor of "the Havelock," d. 1857 | | | 1818 | Lewis Baldwin Parsons, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1822 | James Nagle, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1866 | | | 1825 | David Rumph "Neighbor" Jones, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1863 | | | 1857 | Prince Alexander-Jozef von Battenberg of Bulgaria (1879-1886), d. 1893 | | | 1900 | Spencer Tracy, actor ("Thirty Second Over Tokyo"), d. 1967 | | | 1908 | Herbert von Karajan, conductor, Hitler’s Generalmusikdirektor, Nazi who got over, d.1989 | | | 1923 | Nguyen Van Thieu, South Vietnamese soldier & president (1965-1975), d. 2001 | | | 1937 | Colin Powell, general, national security advisor, secretary of state | | 6 | 1498 | Giovanni de’Medici – Giovanni degli Bande Nere – condottiero, d/w 1526 | | | 1630 | Chatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsle, founder of the Maratha Empire, d. 1680 | | | 1828 | Charles William Field, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1892 | | | 1890 | Anthony Herman Gerard Fokker, Holland, aircraft designer, d.1939 | | | 1892 | Donald Douglas, USMA alumnus, aircraft designer (DC-3/C-47, etc.)d. 1981 | | | 1892 | Lowell Thomas, war correspondent, d. 1981 | | 7 | 1644 | François de Neufville, 2nd duc de Villeroi, Marshal of France, d. 1730 | | | 1756 | King Charles Felix of Sardinia (1821-1831) | | | 1771 | Michele "Fra Diavolo" Pezza, at Itri, Naples, resistance fighter, executed by the French 1806 | | | 1801 | Henry Eagle, naval officer, U.S., d. 1882 | | | 1822 | Gershom Mott, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1884 | | | 1882 | Kurt von Schleicher, German Guardsman, chancellor (Dec 2, 1932-Jan 28, 1933), succeeded by Hitler, who had him murdered, 1934 | | | 1893 | Allan W Dulles, OSS, CIA, d. 1969 | | 8 | 1460 | Juan Ponce de León, conquistador and explorer, firt Spanish Governor of Puerto Rico, d. 1521 | | | 1605 | King Philip IV of Spain (1621-65)& Portugal (1621-40) | | | 1726 | Lewis Morris, Signer of the Declaration of Independence | | | 1731 | William Williams, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1798 | | | 1818 | King Christian IX of Denmark (1863-1906) | | | 1828 | George Baird Hodge, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1892 | | | 1832 | Count Alfred von Waldersee, Generalfeldmarschall and Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1888-1891), fired for criticizing the Kaiser’s military prowess, d. 1904 | | | 1875 | Albert I of Saxe-Coburg, King of Belgium (1909-34) | | | 1929 | Renzo de Felice, historian ("Mussolini"), d. 1996 | | 9 | 1812 | Randolph Barnes Marcy, Brig Gen, U.S.A., d. 1887 | | | 1826 | Thomas Hewson Neill, Brig Gen, U.S.A., d. 1885 | | | 1835 | King Leopold II of Belgium, Lord of the Kongo Free State (1865-1909), mass murderer | | | 1865 | Erich Ludendorff, Generalquartiermeister to Hindenburg, rightist conspirator against the Republic, friend to Hitler, d. 1937 | | | 1872 | Leon Blum, French Popular Front premier, appeaser, d. 1950 | | | 1898 | Paul Robeson, brilliant actor & folklorist, Stalinist stooge, d. 1976 | | | 1933 | Jean-Paul Belmondo, actor ("Dunkerque") | | 10 | 401 | Theodosius II the Younger, Roman Emperor (408-450) | | | 1512 | King James I of Scots (1513-42) | | | 1583 | Hugo de Groot - Hugo Grotius, father of international law, d. 1645 | | | 1769 | Jean Lannes, Marshal of France, kia 1809 | | | 1783 | Hortense de Beauharnais, Napoleon’s step-daughter, Queen of Holland (1806-10), mother of Napoleon III, d. 1837 | | | 1794 | Matthew Calbraith Perry, naval officer, who opened Japan, d. 1858 | | | 1806 | Leonidas Polk, Episcopal Bishop, inept Lt Gen, C.S.A, cannon balled 1864 | | | 1823 | Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb, Brig Gen, C.S.A., kia Fredericksburg | | | 1827 | Lewis Wallace, Maj Gen, U.S., author ("Ben Hur"), d. 1905 | | | 1833 | David McMurtrie Gregg, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1916 | | | 1833 | James Edward Rains, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862 | | 11 | 146 | Septimius Severus, Roman Emperor (193-211) | | | 1370 | Elector Frederick IV “the Warlike”, Margrave of Meissen and Elector of Saxony (1381-1428) | | | 1492 | Marguerite d'Angouleme, Queen Consort of Navarre, d. 1559 | | | 1794 | Edward Everett, long-winded orator, d. 1865 | | | 1837 | Col. Ephraim Elmer Ellsworth, New York Fire Zouaves, k 1861 | | | 1902 | Quentin Reynolds, war correspondent, historian ("Custer's Last Stand"), d. 1965 | | | 1919 | Hugh Carey, National Guardsman, Governor of N.Y. (1975–1982) | | | 1942 | Anatoli Berezovoi, cosmonaut (Soyuz T-5) | | 12 | 1577 | King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway (1588-1648) | | | 1579 | Francois de Bassompierre, French diplomat, minister, & courtier, d. 1646 | | | 1724 | Lyman Hall, Signer of the Declaration of Independence. D. 1790 | | | 1793 | Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria (1835–1848) | | | 1831 | George Burgwyn Anderson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., kia Antietam | | | 1831 | Grenville Mellen Dodge, Brig. Gen, U.S.,d. 1916 | | | 1871 | Ioannis Metaxas, Greek general, dictator (1936-1941), d. 1941 | | | 1907 | Felix de Weldon, sculptor (“The Marine Corps Memorial”), d. 2003 | | | 1937 | Igor Petrovich Volk, Russia, cosmonaut | | 13 | 1570 | Guy Fawkes, the only man who went into Parliament knowing exactly what he wanted to do, executed 1606 | | | 1732 | Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford - Lord North, inept British Prime Minister (1770-82), d. 1792 | | | 1743 | Thomas Jefferson, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1826 | | | 1818 | Mariano Melgarejo, dictator-president of Boliva (1864-1870), k. 1871 | | | 1822 | Leroy Augustus Stafford, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1864 | | | 1822 | William Stephen Walker, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1899 | | | 1907 | Harold Stassen, naval officer, perennial presidential candidate, d. 2001 | | | 1923 | Donald James Yarmy, Guadalcanal marine, actor (Don Adams of “Get Smart”), d. 2005 | | 14 | 1578 | King Philip III of Spain & Portugal (1598-1621) | | | 1721 | Prince William August, the Duke of Cumberland –“Sweet William” or “Stinking Billy”, d. 1765 | | | 1820 | Harry Thompson Hays, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1876 | | | 1832 | James Hewett Ledlie, incompetent Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1882 | | | 1907 | Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier, dictator of Haiti, d. 1971 | | | 1912 | Bela Kiraly, Hungarian patriot, soldier, scholar, d. 2009 | | | 1925 | Rod Steiger, actor ("Waterloo," “Lion of the Desert”), d. 2002 | | 15 | 1452 | Leonardo from Vinci, sometime military engineer to the Borgias, d. 1519 | | | 1646 | King Christian V of Denmark and Norway (1670-1699) | | | 1684 | Empress Catherine I of Russia (1725-27) | | | 1820 | Evander McNair, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1902 | | | 1822 | Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana, Maj Gen, U.S. | | | 1837 | Horace Porter, Bvt Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1921 | | | 1951 | Marsha S Ivins, astronaut (STS 32, 46, SK:66) | | | 1956 | Gregory J Harbaugh, astronaut (STS 39, 54) | | 16 | 1652 | Lorenzo Corsini – Pope Clement XII (1730-40) | | | 1816 | Edward "Allegheny" Johnson, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1873 | | | 1823 | Orlando Bolivar Wilcox, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1907 | | | 1867 | Wilbur Wright, co-inventor of the airplane, 1903. | | | 1897 | Lieutenant-General Sir John Bagot Glubb KCB, CMG, DSO, OBE -- “Glubb Pasha" of the Arab Legion (1939-1956) | | | 1940 | Queen Margrethe II of Denmark (1972-) | | 17 | 1573 | Maximilian I, Duke and Elector of Bavaria (1597-1651) | | | 1788 | Joseph Gilbert Totten, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864 | | | 1809 | Philip St George Cocke, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1861 | | | 1813 | Henry Washington Benham, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1884 | | | 1894 | Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, War Commissar (1941-1945), Dictator (1953-64), d. 1971 | | | 1915 | Anthony Quinn, actor (“Back to Bataan”), d. 2001 | | | 1918 | William Holden, AAF veteran, actor ("Stalag 17", "Bridge Over River Kwai"), d. 1981 | | | 1958 | Sergei Y Vozovikov, cosmonaut | | 18 | 359 | Flavius Gratianus, Roman Emperor (367-383) | | | 1480 | Lucrezia Borgia, a much maligned woman, d. 1519 | | | 1521 | François d'Andelot de Coligny, French Protestant general, d. 1569 | | | 1590 | Sultan Ahmed I (1603-1617) | | | 1797 | Louis-Adolphe Thiers, statesman, historian (“Histoire de la revolution française”, Head of State of the French Provisional Republic (1871-1873), d. 1877 | | | 1864 | Richard Harding Davis, intrepid war correspondent, d. 1916 | | | 1927 | Samuel P. Huntington, political scientist – "The Soldier & the State," "Clash of Civilizations," d. 2008 | | 19 | 1320 | King Pedro I of Portugal (1357-67) | | | 1757 | Admiral Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, GCB, sea dog, d. 1833 | | | 1821 | Mortimer Dormer Leggett, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1896 | | | 1883 | Getulio Vargas, fascistic dictator/president of Brazil (1930-45, 1951-54), suicide 1954 | | 20 | 1808 | Louis Napoleon Bonaparte – Napoleon III, d. 1873 | | | 1809 | John Smith Preston, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1881 | | | 1824 | Alfred Holt Colquitt, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1894 | | | 1827 | John Gibbon, Maj Gen, U.S., who held "The Angle," d. 1896 | | | 1839 | King Carol I of Romania (1881-1914) | | | 1889 | Adolph Hitler, Frontsoldat (1914-1918), mass murderer, suicide 1945 | | 21 | 1713 | Louis, 4th duc de Noailles, Marshal of France | | | 1729 | Empress Catharine II the Great of Russia (1762-96) | | | 1803 | Levin Minn Powell, naval officer, U.S., d. 1885 | | | 1816 | Louis Trezevant Wigfall, Brig Gen, C. S.A., d. 1874 | | | 1834 | William Rufus Terrill, Brig Gen, U.S., KIA 1862 | | | 1852 | Alberto Pollio, military historian, Chief-of-Staff of the Italian Army, 1912-1914, d. 1914 | | | 1926 | Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-) | | | 1962 | Sergei Viktorovich Zalyotin, cosmonaut | | 22 | 1357 | King Jao I of Portugal (1383-1433) | | | 1451 | Queen Isabella I of Castilla-Leon (1479-1504), patron of Columbus | | | 1515 | Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendome, King of Navarre (1555-1562). | | | 1610 | Pietro Ottoboni - Pope Alexander VIII (1689-91) | | | 1818 | Cadwallader Colden Washburn, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1882 | | | 1823 | Alfred Gibbs, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1868 | | | 1827 | William Hopkins Morris, Maj Gen, U.S.. d. 1900 | | | 1831 | Alexander McDowell McCook, Maj Gen, U.S., of the "Fighting McCooks", d. 1903 | | | 1866 | Hans von Seeckt, German military reformer, d. 196 | | | 1870 | Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov, known as “Lenin,” intellectual mass murderer, d. 1924 | | | 1882 | Gen. Holland "Howling Mad" Smith, USMC, d. 1967 | | | 1904 | J. Robert Oppenheimer, physicist, head of Manhattan Project, d. 1967 | | | 1952 | Tamara Sergeyevna Zakharova, cosmonaut | | 23 | 1547 | Miguel de Cervantes, marine, "Glory of Spanish Literature" (see Deaths) [NS] | | | 1564 | The Bard [OS], d. 1616 | | | 1598 | Maarten Tromp, Dutch admiral, kia, 1653 | | | 1697 | Admiral George Anson, 1st Baron Anson, British admiral, d. 1762 | | | 1775 | Joseph Mallord William Turner, English artist ("The Fighting Temeraire"), d. 1861 | | | 1791 | James Buchanan, volunteer, War of 1812, President (1857-1861) who chokced in the crisis, d. 1868 | | | 1828 | King Albert of Saxony (1873-1902) | | | 1861 | Field Marshal Viscount Allenby of Megiddo, d. 1936 | | | 1891 | Sergey Prokofiev, composer (“Leningrad Suite”), d. 1953 | | | 1897 | Lucius D. Clay, military governor of West Germany, d. 1978 | | | 1918 | Maurice Druon, cavalryman, resistance fighter, lyricist (“Chant des Partisans”), member of the French Academy, d. 2009 | | 24 | 1194 | Ezzelino III da Romano, “cruel tyrant,” Ghibelline, suicide to cheat the executrioner, 1259 | | | 1769 | Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington, d. 1852 | | | 1804 | Thomas Oliver Selfridge, naval officer, U.S., the senior living admiral in date of rank in the world when he died , 1902, | | | 1807 | Charles Ferguson Smith, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1862 | | | 1815 | James Edward Harrison, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1875 | | | 1822 | Erastus Barnard Tyler, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1891 | | | 1828 | Robert Brank Vance, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1899 | | | 1829 | George Peabody Estey, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1881 | | | 1849 | Joseph S. Gallieni, Hero of the Marne, d. 1916 | | | 1856 | Henri Philippe Petain, Marshal of France, Head of Vichy, d. 1951 | | | 1876 | Grand-Adm. Erich Raeder, CinC Kriegmarine (1928-1943), d. 1960 | | | 1882 | Hugh Dowding, Air Marshal, Hero of the Battle of Britain, d. 1970 | | | 1903 | Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera y Saenz de Heredia, Falangist, murdered, 1936 | | | 1906 | William “Lord Haw Haw” Joyce, executed 1946 | | 25 | 1214 | King Louis IX of France (1226-70) - "Saint Louis" | | | 1228 | Holy Roman Emperor Conrad IV (1237-54) | | | 1284 | King Edward II of England (1307-27) | | | 1599 | Oliver Cromwell, "Lord Protector" of England (1653-58), dictator and genocider | | | 1725 | Admiral Viscount Augustus Keppel, RN (1726-1786) | | | 1840 | James Dearing, Brig Gen, C.S.A., the last Confederate general KIA, 1865 | | | 1914 | Marcos Perez Jimenez, general, dictator of Venezuela (1952-1958), d. 2001 | | 26 | 121 | Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor (161-180) | | | 1228 | Conrad von Honenstaufen, d. 1254, King Conrad II of Jerusalem,(1228-1254), Conrad IV of Germany (1237–1254), & Conrad I of Sicily (1250–1254). | | | 1319 | King Jean II the Good of France (1350-64), chucklehead | | | 1573 | Marie de'Medici, Mrs. Henri IV of France, who taught the French to cook, d. 1642 | | | 1648 | King Pedro II of Portugal (1683-1706) | | | 1718 | Esek Hopkins, Commander in Chief, Continetal Navy (1775-1783), d. 1802. | | | 1798 | Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix, French Romantic artist (“The Massacre of Chios,” ”The Oath of the Horatii”),d. 1862 | | | 1812 | Alfried Felix Alwyn Krupp, German arms merchant, d. 1887 | | | 1827 | Charles Edward Hovey, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1839 | Cyrus Hamblin, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1867 | | | 1894 | Rudolph Hess, Nazi, suicide in prison, 1987 | | 27 | 1701 | King Charles Emanuel I of Sardinia (1730–1773) | | | 1737 | Edward Gibbon, Captain of the Hampshire Grenadiers, historian, d. 1794 | | | 1822 | Ulysses S Grant, general, 1861-1869, president 1869-1877, memoirist, d. 1885 | | | 1835 | John Murray Corse, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1893 | | | 1942 | Valeri Vladimirovich Polyakov, Russian cosmonaut | | 28 | 32 | Marcus Salvius Otho, Roman Emperor (Jan 15-Apr 16, 69) | | | 1442 | King Edward IV of England (1461-70, 1471-83) | | | 1592 | George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English courtier & admiral, d. 1628 | | | 1758 | James Monroe, soldier, president (1817-1825), d. July 4, 1831 | | | 1810 | Daniel Ullmann, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892 | | | 1812 | Daniel Henry Rucker, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1910 | | | 1815 | Andrew Jackson Smith, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1897 | | | 1825 | James Winning McMillan, Brig Gen, U.S.,, d. 1903 | | | 1888 | Henry Crerar, Commander, Canadian First Army, World War II, d., 1965 | | | 1889 | Karel Doorman, Dutch admiral, KIA, the Java Sea, Feb 27, 1942 | | | 1908 | Oscar Schindler, one of the Righteous, d. 1974 | | | 1937 | Saddam Hussein al-Takriti, Dictator of Iraq (1979-2003), executed 2006 | | | 1943 | John O Creighton, USN, astronaut | | | 1949 | Jerome "Jay" Apt, astronaut | | 29 | 1815 | Abram Duryee, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1890 | | | 1818 | Tsar Alexander II of Russia (1855-81), blown up 1881 | | | 1875 | Rafael Sabatini, author ("The Sea Hawk", "Captain Blood"), d. 1950 | | | 1901 | Hirohito, the “Showa” Emperor of Japan (1926-89), amateur biologist, unindicted war criminal | | | 1932 | Alexei A Gubarev, Czach cosmonaut (Soyuz 17, 28) | | | 1953 | Nikolai Nikolayevich Budarin, Russia, cosmonaut | | 30 | 1309 | King Kazimierz III The Great of Poland (1333-70) | | | 1805 | William Kerley Strong, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1867 | | | 1830 | Davis Tillson, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895 | | | 1893 | Joachim von Ribbentrop, Nazi, executed 1946 | | | 1909 | Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1948-80), d. 2004 | | | 1938 | Bugs Bunny, sometime U.S. Marine | | | 1946 | King Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden (1973- ) |
Died
| 1 | 1204 | Eleanor of Aquitaine, 82, Queen Consort of France (1137-1152), then England (1152-1189), Queen Mother of England (1189-1204), Crusader, d. 1204 | | | 1205 | Amalric of Lusignan, c. 60, King Amalric II of Cyprus (1194-1205) and Amalric I of Jerusalem (1197-1205) | | | 1405 | Timur/Tamerlane, 68, founder and Emir of the Timurid Empire (1370-1405) | | | 1406 | King Robert III of Scots (1390-1406), c. 66 | | | 1548 | Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland &Grand Duke of Lithuania (1506-1548), at 81 | | | 1870 | Patrick Gass, last survivor of the Lewis & Clark Expedition, at 98 | | | 1922 | Karl Franz Joseph Ludwig Hubert Georg Otto Marie von Habsburg-Lothringen, 34, Emperor Karl I of Austria and King Károly IV of Hungary(1916-1918) | | | 1930 | Empress Zawditu of Ethiopia (1916-1930), 53, daughter of the great Menelik | | | 1946 | Noah Beery, actor ("Beau Geste"), at 62 | | | 1947 | King George II of Greece (1922-1924, 1935-1947), at 56 | | | 1965 | Gen. Henry Crerar, 77, Canadian First Army, World War II | | | 1994 | Léon Joseph Marie Ignace Degrelle, 87, Belgian Nazi, in exile in Malaga | | 2 | 1118 | Baldwin of Boulogne, 60, Count Baldwin I of Edessa (1098-1118), King Baldwin I of Jerusalem (1100-1118) | | | 1416 | Ferdinand I “the Just” King of Aragon, Valencia, Majorca, & Sardinia, Titular King of Corsica, King of Sicily, Titular Duke of Athens and Neopatria, and Count of Barcelona, Roussillon, & Cerdanya (1412-1416), Regent of Castile (1406-1416), at 35 | | | 1420 | Nicolò Malvizzi, Patrician of Bologna, Papal Notary, assassinated | | | 1440 | Giovanni Maria Vitelleschi, cardinal & condottiero, murdered | | | 1502 | Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales, at 15; elder brother of the later Henry VIII | | | 1657 | Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, at 48 | | | 1702 | Jean Bart, 50, French admiral | | | 1831 | King Charles Felix of Sardinia (1821-31), at 74 | | | 1865 | Lt. Gen. Ambrose P. Hill, C.S.A., KIA at 39 | | | 1945 | Maj. Gen. Maurice Rose, 45, highest ranking US Jewish officer, killed resisting capture | | | 1966 | C.S. Forester, novelist (“Horatio Hornblower”), b. 1899 | | | 2005 | Pope John Paul II (1978-2005), one of the Righteous, at 84 | | 3 | 33 | Jesus [alernative astronomical estimate] | | | 628 | Shah Chosroes II of Persia (579-628), murdered by his son | | | 963 | Duke William III of Aquitaine (935-963), b. 915. | | | 1192 | Conrad of Montferrat, c. 52, King of Jerusalem (1190-1192), assassinated in Tyre | | | 1203 | Prince Arthur, Duke of Brittany, c. 15, nephew of Richard Lionheart, heir to the English throne, probably murdered by his uncle, King John [Alt, Apr 13] | | | 1287 | Pope Honorius IV - Giacomo Savelli (1283-1287), c. 77 | | | 1680 | Chatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsle, founder of the Maratha Empire (1681-1689), c. 50 | | | 1838 | Dr. Francesco Antommarchi, Napoleon’s personal physician, 57 | | | 1882 | Jesse James, shot by Robert Ford, at 34, St Joseph, Mo | | | 1946 | Lt Gen Masaharu Homma, 58, shot for the Bataan Death March | | | 1988 | Milton A Caniff, US cartoonist ("Steve Canyon"), at 81 | | | 1991 | Graham Greene, novelist (“Our Man in Havana”), b. 1904 | | 4 | 636 | St. Isidore of Seville, Patron of the Internet, at Seville, c. 75 | | | 896 | Pope Formosus (891-896), c. 80 | | | 1284 | King Alfonso X "the Wise" of Castilla-Leon (1252-84), c. 62 | | | 1292 | Pope Nicholas IV - Girolamo Masci (1288-1292), 74 | | | 1406 | King Robert III of Scots (1390-1406), c. 65 | | | 1588 | King Frederick II of Denmark & Norway (1559-88) at 53 | | | 1817 | Jean-André Masséna, 48, 1st Duc de Rivoli, 1st Prince d'Essling, brilliant Marshal of France, noted looter | | | 1841 | Pres Wm Henry Harrison, after 30 days in office, at 68 | | | 1953 | King Charles II of Romania (1930-40), at 59 | | | 1979 | Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, former Pakistani President (1971-1973), hanged at 51 | | | 2003 | Sgt. 1st Class Paul Ray Smith, 32, kia, Bagdhad, earning a Medal of Honor | | 5 | 1208 | Quetzalcoatl | | | 1356 | Colin Doubel, le Comte de Graville, le Comte de Harcourt, & Mabue de Mainemares, behaded by King John "the Good" of France | | | 1697 | King Charles XI King of Sweden (1660-97), at 41 | | | 1794 | Georges-Jacques Danton, 45, French revolutionary leader, guillotined | | | 1964 | Douglas MacArthur, “Defender of Australia, Liberator of the Philippines, Conqueror of Japan,” not to mention "Router of the Bonus Army,” at 84 | | | 1972 | Brian Donlevy, actor ("Wake Island"), at 73 | | | 1991 | Manley L "Sonny" Carter Jr, 50, US astronaut, in an accident | | 6 | 403 | Saul, King of the Alans, Roman general, kia, Pollentia | | | 432 | Pope Celestine I (422-432) | | | 1199 | King Richard I “Lionheart” of England (1189-99), of wounds at 41 | | | 1348 | Laura de Noves, Petrarch's beloved, of plague, at c. 40 | | | 1362 | James of Bourbon-La Marche, c. 42, Count of Ponthieu (1351-1360) & of La Marche (1356-1362) | | | 1490 | King Matthias I the Just Corvinus, 43, King of Hungary (1458-1490) and of Bohemia (1469-1490), Duke of Austria (1486-1490) | | | 1803 | Sir William Hamilton, 72, sometime British ambassador at Naples, husband to Lady Hamilton, friend to Nelson | | | 1975 | Chiang Kai-Shek, Chinese Nationalist leader, at 87 | | | 1992 | Isaac Asimov, Boys’ High alum, Army veteran, author, at 72 | | | 1994 | Pres. Cyprien Ntaryamira of Burundi (b. 1958) & Pres. Juvénal Habyarimana of Rwanda (b 1937), by bomb in an airplane | | | 2005 | Rainier III Grimaldi, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949-2005), French soldier, at 82 | | 7 | 30 | Jesus [alternative astronomical estimate] | | | 347 | Plato, c. 60, hoplite, wrestler [Alt] | | | 924 | Berengar of Friuli, c. 85, Margrave of Friuli (874-c.895), King of Italy (887-924), & Holy Roman Emperor (915-924), murdered | | | 1498 | King Charles VIII of France(1483-98), at 27, concussion from banging his head on a stone door lintel | | | 1779 | Martha Ray, c. 37, mistress to First Lord of the Admiralty the Earl of Sandwich, and mother of his five children, shot twice by the Rev. James Hackman, a frustrated suitor, outside Covent Garden Theatre [see Apr 19] | | | 1789 | Sultan Abdul Hamid I of Turkey (1774-89), at 64 | | | 1803 | Toussaint L'Ouverture, 59, liberator of Haiti, in a French prison | | | 1804 | Jean-Charles Pichegru, French Revolutinary general, suicide at 43 upon being arrested for conspiring against Napoleon | | | 1871 | Wilhelm Freiherr von Tegetthoff, 67, Austrian admiral, victor of Helgoland & Lissa | | 8 | 217 | Caracalla, Roman Emperor (211-17), 29, murdered while relieving himself on the march | | | 1143 | Byzantine Emperor John II "the Good" Comnenus (1118-1143), in an accident at 63 | | | 1364 | King Jean II “the Good” of France (1350-64), royal chucklehead, at 44, a prisoner of the English | | | 1492 | Lorenzo "il Magnifico" de’ Medici, 43, Lord of Florence (1469-92) | | | 1595 | Henri II d’Orléans, Sovereign Count of Neuchatel, Duke of Longueville & Estouteville, etc., kia, Amiens | | | 1697 | Niels Juel, Danish admiral (Oland, Moen), at 67 | | | 1973 | Pablo Picasso, artistic Nazi collaborator, at 91 | | | 1981 | Omar Bradley, last US 5-star officer, at 88 | | 9 | 340 | Roman Emperor Constantine II (337-340), assassinated at c. 23 | | | 491 | Roman Emperor Zeno (Feb 9, 474-Jan 9, 475, & 476-491), at c. 65 | | | 715 | Pope Constantine (708-715) | | | 1024 | Pope Benedict VIII – Theophylact of Tusculum (1012-24), brother of Pope John XIX (1024-1032) | | | 1483 | King Edward IV of England (1461-70 & 71-83), at 38 | | | 1747 | Simon Fraser, c. 80, 12th Baron Lovat, Jacobite, having the honor of being the last man beheaded in England | | | 1904 | Queen Isabella II of Spain (1833-68), at 73 | | | 1917 | Edward Thomas, 39, British soldier & poet, kia at Arras | | | 1945 | Dietrich Bonhoeffer(39), theologian, Hans Oster (57), general, Hans von Dohnanyi (43), jurist & politician, and Wilhelm Canaris (58), admiral, anti-Nazis, hanged by Hitler | | | 1961 | King Zogu of Albania (1925-39), at 65 | | 10 | 879 | Louis the Stammerer, 32, King of Aquitaine (866-879) and of France (877-79) | | | 947 | Count Hugo of Arles, King of Italy (924-947), at c. 62 | | | 1503 | Cardinal Giovanni Michiel (nephew of Pope Paul II), poisoned by Cesare Borgia, who netted 150,000 ducats | | | 1533 | King Frederick I of Denmark & Norway (1523-33), at 61 | | | 1559 | Duke Ercole II d’Este of Ferrara, Modena, & Reggio (1534-59), son of Alfonso I & Lucrezia Borgia, condottiero, at 50 | | | 1585 | Pope Gregory XIII - Ugo Buoncampagni (1572-1585), 83 | | | 1739 | Dick Turpin, noted highwayman, hanged in England | | | 1919 | Emiliano Zapata, Mexican revolutionary, b. 1879, murdered in an ambush | | | 1940 | Royal Navy Capt. Bernard Armitage Warburton-Lee (44), winning the first VC of WW II, and Commo Friedrich Bonte, 43, Kriegsmarine, earning the Knight's Cross, kia along with many others, First Battle of Narvik | | 11 | 678 | Pope Donus/Dominus (676-78) | | | 1034 | Byzantine Emperor Romanus III Argyrus (1028-34), c. 66, murdered by his wife | | | 1240 | Prince Llywelyn ab Iorwerth “the Great” of Wales (1194-1240), c. 67 | | | 1508 | Duke Guidobaldo di Montefeltro (1482-1508), 36, condottiero, connoisseur | | | 1512 | Gaston, Vicompte de Foix, Pretender to the throne of Navarra (22), plus most of his regimental commanders, and about 4,500 of his Franco-German-Italian troops, as well as all opposing Spanish regimental commanders and about 9,000 Spanish-Italian troops, killed in action at Ravenna | | | 1555 | Queen Juana "la loca" of Spain (1504-1506), at 75 | | | 1916 | Richard Harding Davis, intrepid war correspondent, at 52, while in OCS | | 12 | 238 | Gordian II (b. 192), kia outside Carthage, followed by his father, Gordian I (b. c. 160), suicide in Carthage, after 21 days as Roman Co-Emperors | | | 352 | Pope St. Julius I (337-352) | | | 1312 | Rizzardo IV, Lord of Treviso, Belluno, & Feltre, d/w | | | 1550 | Claude of Lorraine, Duke of Guise, claimant to the throne of Naples, at 53 | | | 1864 | Thomas Green, 49, Brig Gen, C.S.A., Blair's Landing, La; the only Confederate general kia by the USN | | | 1912 | Clara Barton, war nurse, founder of the American Red Cross, at 90 | | | 1945 | FDR, cerebral hemorrhage at 63 | | | 1946 | August Borms, Flemish quisling, executed | | | 1956 | Jose Moscardo Ituarte, 85, Defender of the Alcazar of Toldeo | | | 1975 | Josephine Baker, resistance fighter | | | 1981 | Joe "The Brown Bomber" Louis, veteran, at 66 | | 13 | 1053 | Godwine, c. 53, First Ealr of Wessex (1019–1053) | | | 1203 | Duke Arthur I of Brittany, nephew & heir to Richard I, probably murdered by his uncle, King John of England [Alt, Apr 3] | | | 1517 | Al-Ashraf Tuman II Bey, the last Mamluke Sultan of Egypt, hanged by the Turks | | | 1638 | Henri II, Viscount, later Duke of Rohan-Gié (1586-1638), 58, French soldier & Huguenot leader | | | 1759 | George Frederick Handel, 74 | | | 1868 | Emperor Theodorus/Tewodros II of Abyssinia (1855-1868), c. 50, suicide to avoid capture by the British | | 14 | 711 | King Childebert III of the Franks (695–711), at about 27 | | | 911 | Pope Sergius III (904-911) | | | 1390 | Rinaldo Orsini, Count of Tagliacozzo, and Giovanni Orsini, his brother, murdered at L’Aquila | | | 1471 | Richard "The Kingmaker" Neville, 42, 16th Earl of Warwick & 6th of Salisbury, kia, Barnet | | | 1488 | Girolamo Riario, Lord of Imola & Forli, condottiero, husband to Caterina Sforza, murdered at 45 in a coup | | | 1515 | Galeazzo I Sforza, Lord of Pesaro (1510-12), Governor of Cremona (1512-15), kia | | | 1574 | Count Hendrik of Nassau-Dillenburg, murdered | | | 1941 | Jack Edmonson, Australian corporal, KIA at Tobruk, earning the V.C. | | | 1944 | Marshal of the Soviet Union Nikolai Fyodorovich Vatutin, 43, ambushed by Ukrainian partisans | | | 2004 | Cpl. Jason L. Dunham, kia, Karbala, the first Marine awarded a Medal of Honor for Iraq | | | 2009 | Maurice Druon, cavalryman, resistance fighter, lyricist (“Chant des Partisans”), member of the French Academy, nine days short of 91 | | 15 | 1257 | Mamluke Sultan al-Malik al-Mu'izz Izz al-Din Aybak al-Jawshangir al-Turkmani al-Salihi of Egypt (1250-1257), murdered by order of his wife | | | 1595 | Torquato Tasso, poet, at 51 | | | 1605 | Tsar Boris Fyodorovich Godunov of Russia (1598-1605), 54 | | | 1861 | Pvt Richard Hough, killed by a premature explosion during a salute to mark the surrender of Ft Sumter | | | 1865 | Abraham Lincoln, 56, several hours after being shot by John Wilkes Booth | | | 1980 | Jean-Paul Sartre, existentialistic Vichyite Nazi-collaborating communist sympathizer, at 74 | | | 2005 | Martin Blumenson, soldier, historian (“Cross Channel Attack”), at 86 | | 16 | 69 | Roman Emperor Otho (Jan 15-Apr 16, 69), suicide at 32 after defeat by Vitellius | | | 1090 | Sigelgaita, warrior princess, daughter of Prince Guaimar IV of Salerno, wife to Robert the Weasel, mother of Roger of Sicily, stepmother to Bohemund, at c. 50 | | | 1115 | Grand Prince Sviatopolk II of Kiev (1093-1113), c. 62 | | | 1828 | Francisco Goya, artist (“The Horrors of War”), b. 1746. | | | 1978 | Lucius D Clay, U.S. military governor of West Germany, at 80 | | 17 | 43 | Aulus Hirtius, c. 57, general, author (Book VIII of ‘Caesar’s Commentaries”), Consul, kia at Modena | | | 43 | Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus, general, Consul, d/w from Forum Gallorum, 15th | | | 744 | Caliph Walid ibn Yazid - Walid II of Baghdad (743-744), murderd | | | 858 | Pope Benedict III (Sep 29, 855-April 17, 858) | | | 1355 | Doge Marino Falieri of Venice(1354-1355), beheaded by the Serenissima for treason | | | 1427 | Duke Jan IV of Brabant and Limburg (1415-1427), 23 | | | 1433 | Stefano Colonna, Co-Lord of Palestrina, Condottiero, murdered by his nephew Salvatore Salvatore Colonna, Co-Lord of Palestrina, who is promptly lynched in a popular uprising. | | | 1605 | Pope Leo XI - Alessandro Ottaviano de’Medici (1-17 Apr 1605), at 69 | | | 1616 | Tokugawa Ieyasu, 73, retired First Tokugawa Shogun (1603-1605) | | | 1711 | Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I von Habsburg (1705-11), at 32 | | | 1790 | Benjamin Franklin, sometime militiaman and military engineer, at 84 | | | 1945 | Walter Model, Nazi field marshal, suicide at 54, rather than surrender | | | 1983 | Mark W Clark, U.S. general, at 87 | | | 1987 | Dick Shawn, actor ("What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?"), at 63 | | | 1997 | Chaim Herzog, President of Israel, 1983-93, at 78 | | 18 | 680 | Caliph Muawiyah I (661–680), c. 78, the first Umayyad | | | 1592 | Troilo Savelli di Polombara, Lord of Poggio Moiano, Aspra, & Montasola, beheaded in the Sant’Angelo at 18. | | | 1689 | George Jeffreys, British Chief Justice, the ultimate “Hanging Judge”, at c. 40 | | | 1690 | Charles V Leopold (47), titular Duke of Lorraine (1675-1690), Imperial field marshal | | | 1943 | Adm. Yamamoto Isoruku (59), air ambush in the Solomon Islands. | | | 1945 | Ernie Pyle, war correspondent, KIA at 44, Ie Shima, Okinawa | | 19 | 1054 | Pope St. Leo IX (1049-1054), 51, the former Count Bruno of Egesheim-Dagsburg | | | 1390 | King Robert II the Steward of Scotland (1371-1390), 74 | | | 1689 | Christina, 62, sometime sovereing Queen of Sweden (1644-54) | | | 1779 | The Rev. James Hackman, c. 28, formerly an officer of the 68th Foot, hanged at Tyburn for the murder on Apr 7th of Martha Ray, mistress to First Lord of the Admiralty the Earl of Sandwich, | | | 1881 | Benjamin Disraeli, 76 | | | 1886 | Bishop Narciso Martinez Izquierdo of Madrid (56), shot by a disgruntled priest | | | 1956 | Lionel "Buster" Crabb, British diver (47), last seen alive on this day, preparing to secretly examine a Soviet cruiser in a British port | | | 1987 | Maxwell D Taylor, commander 101st Airborne Division in WW II, at 85 | | | 1989 | Daphne du Maurier, author (“The Birds”), wife to Sir Frederick Browing of the Paras, at 81 | | | 2009 | Ray Nance (94), last of 30 men from Bedford, Virginia, who landed with Co. A, 116th Infantry on Omaha on D-Day, of whom 22 never got off the beach | | 20 | 1164 | Anti-Pope “Victor IV” - Ottaviano Montecello (1159-64), | | | 1314 | Pope Clement V – Bertrand de Got (1305-1314), c. 50, who started the “Babylonian Captivity” | | | 1534 | Sr. Elizabeth Barton (c. 28), 'the Maid of Kent,' nun, executed by Henry VIII when her prophetic visions no longer pleased him | | | 1836 | Prince Johan I Jozef of Liechtenstein, Austrian field marshal, at 75 | | | 1947 | King Christian X of Denmark (1912-1947), hero of the Resistance | | 21 | 323 | Alexander the Great, 32, noted drunkard [Alt] | | | 323 | Diogenes the Cynic, c. 80, noted cynic | | | 586 | King Leovigild of the Visgoths (569-586), c. 60 | | | 753 | Remus Silvius (18), accidentally - or maybe not - slain by his brother Romulus | | | 1073 | Pope Alexander II - Anselmo da Baggio (1061-73) | | | 1509 | King Henry VII of England, 52, the first Tudor (1485-1509) | | | 1574 | Cosimo I de' Medici, c. 54, Duke of Florence (1537-1574), first Grand Duke of Tuscany (`569-`574) | | | 1792 | “Tiradentes” - Joaquim José da Silva Xavier, Brazilian revolutionary, executed at c. 45 | | | 1910 | Mark Twain, 74, noted Confederate Army deserter | | | 1918 | Manfred “The Red Baron” von Richthofen, ground fire, at 25 | | | 1962 | Frederick Handley Page, 76, pioneer aircraft designer | | | 1971 | Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier, 64, Dictator/President of Haiti (1957-1971) | | | 1997 | Diosdado Macapagal, 86, former Preisdent of the Philippines (1961-65) | | | 2004 | Karl Hass, incarcerated Nazi war criminal, at 92 | | 22 | 296 | Pope St Gaius (283-296) | | | 455 | Roman Emperor Flavius Petronius Maximus (Mar 17-May 22 455), c. 58 | | | 536 | Pope Agapitus I (535-36) | | | 1864 | Bvt. Maj. Gen. Joseph G. Totten (USMA 1805), at 76 | | | 1994 | Richard M Nixon, sometime naval officer, President (1969-1974), stroke at 81 | | 23 | 303 | St. George, Martyr, beheaded in Cappadocia | | | 871 | King Ethelred I of Wessex (866-871), c. 30, elder brother of Alfred the Great | | | 1014 | Brian Boru, High King of the Irish (1002–1014), kia at 87 | | | 1016 | King Aethelred II "the Unrede" of England (978–1013 & 1014–1016), c. 48 | | | 1521 | Don Juan López de Padilla (c. 30), Leader of the Comunero Revolt against Chalres V, beheaded after the Battle of Villalar | | | 1616 | Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, marine, author, on his 69th birthday [NS] | | | 1616 | William Shakespeare, c. 52, by tradition, on his birthday [OS]. | | | 1625 | Maurice of Nassau, 57, Prince of Orange (1618–1625), Captain-General of the Dutch Republic | | | 1918 | Lt. Cdr Percy Thomson Dean, KIA at Zeebrugge | | | 1986 | Otto Preminger, 80, director (“In Harm’s Way”) | | | 2007 | Boris Yeltsin, first President of post-Soviet Russian Federation (1991-1999), at 76 | | 24 | 1077 | King Geza I of Hungary (1074-1477), c. 36 | | | 1185 | Antoku (12), 81st Emperor of Japan (1180-85), drowned | | | 1342 | Pope Benedict XII - Jacques Fournier (1334-1342), c. 60 | | | 1617 | Concino Concini, c. 36, Count della Penna, Marshal of France, murdered on orders of Louis XIII | | | 1891 | Count Helmuth von Moltke, 90 | | | 1967 | Vladimir Komarov (40), first man to die in space, Soyuz 1 disaster | | 25 | 1295 | King Sancho IV “the Brave” Castille & Leon (1287-1295), c. 38 | | | 1553 | Fabio Malvizzi, Patrician of Bologna, executed | | | 1607 | Adm. Don Juan Álvarez de Ávila, of Spain, drowned, Battle of Gibraltar | | | 1607 | Adm. Jacob van Heemskerck of the Netherlands, cannon balled, Battle of Gibraltar | | | 1644 | Emperor Chongzhen of China (1627-1644), 33, the last Ming, suicide | | | 1792 | Nicolas Jacques Pelletier, Fench highwayman, the first man to date Mdm. Guillotine | | | 1928 | Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel, 49, Russian "White" general | | 26 | 757 | Pope Stephen II (752-57) | | | 1196 | King Alfonso II of Aragon (1162-96), c. 39 | | | 1478 | Giuliano de' Medici, c. 28, assassinated by the Pazzi at mass | | | 1478 | Francesco Pazzi, Jacopo de' Pazzi, & Cardinal Francesco Salviati lynched by the Florentines for murdering Giuliano d’Medici | | | 1538 | Diego de Almagro (c. 63), Conquistador, executed by Pizzarro | | | 1865 | John Wilkes Booth, killed, on his 27th birthday | | | 2004 | Gunther Rothenberg, military historian | | 27 | 399 | Socrates, noted hoplite, stone cutter, busy-body, executed by poison, at c. 70 | | | 630 | Shah Ardashir III of Persia (1123-1124), c. 9, murdered | | | 1124 | King Alexander I of Scotland (1107-24), c. 45 | | | 1404 | Philip “the Bold” or “the Stout,” 62, Duke of Burgundy (1363–1404), Count of Charolais (1390–1404) | | | 1521 | Ferdinand Magellan, 41, explorer, slain by the Filipinos | | | 1682 | Tsar Theodorus III (1676-82) | | | 1694 | Elector Johan Georg IV of Saxony (1691-94), at 25 | | | 1702 | Jean Bart, 51, French naval hero | | | 1792 | Jacob Johan Anckarström (29), assassin of King Gustav III of Sweden, executed | | | 1813 | Zebulon M Pike, army officer and explorer, kia at 34 | | | 1881 | Ludwig A Benedek, Austrian general who lost at Koniggratz, 76 | | | 1893 | John Murray Corse, Brig. Gen, U.S., on his 58th birthday | | | 1965 | Edward R. Morrow, war correspondent, Cold Warrior, at 57 | | 28 | 1192 | Conrad I of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem (110-1192), assassinated at c. 40 | | | 1197 | Rhys ap Gruffydd, c. 65, King of Deheubarth [South Wales] (1155-1197) | | | 1851 | Adm Sir Edward Codrington GCB RN , Victor of Navarino, at 71 and one day | | | 1905 | Fitzhugh Lee, Maj. Gen., CSA, Brig. Gen, USA, b 1835 | | | 1936 | King Fuad of Egypt (1922-36), 68 | | | 1945 | Benito Mussolini (61) & Claretta Petacci (33) murdered by partisans near Milan. | | 29 | 1380 | St. Catherine of Siena (33), who wasn’t afraid of anyone, at | | | 1676 | Dutch Adm. Michael Ruyter, cannonballed at 69, Naval Battle of Syracuse | | | 1862 | Timothy Webster (40), American patriot, executed by the Confederacy as a spy | | | 1918 | Gavrilo Princip, who had assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, in jail of TB at 23 | | 30 | 313 | Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus Daia, c.43, Roman Emperor (305-313) | | | 535 | Queen Amalasuntha of the Ostrogoths (516-534), 40, strangled by order of her husband King Theodahad | | | 1524 | Pierre Terrail, Seigneur de Bayard, "The knight without fear nor equal", gunshot at the Sesia, Italy, at c. 50 | | | 1632 | Johann Tserclaes, 73, Count of Tilly, Imperial field marshal, kia Ingolstadt | | | 1632 | Sigismund III Vasa, 65, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1657-1632), King of Sweden (1592–1599) | | | 1792 | John Montague, Earl of Sandwich, naval officer, bon vivant, culinary innovator, at 73 | | | 1828 | King Shaka zan Senzagakona of the Zulu (1816-1828), c. 41, murdered by his brothers | | | 1847 | Archduke Charles of Austria (75), Napoleon's "Great Enemy" | | | 1864 | William Read Scurry, 43, Brig. Gen., C.S.A., kia, Battle of Jenkins' Ferry | | | 1945 | Adolph Hitler (56) and Eva Braun (33), suicide | | | 1945 | Col. William O. Darby, of “Darby’s Rangers,” kia at 34 near Lake Garda, serving as C/S of the 10th Mountain Div | | | 1972 | King Ntare V Ndizeye of Burundi, 24, murdered |
Event
| 1 | 0 | All Fools’ Day | | | 286 | Diocletian makes Maximian co-Emperor (286-305) | | | 705 | Election of Pope John VII (705-707) | | | 1605 | Alessandro Ottaviano de’Medici elected Pope as Leo XI (1-17 Apr 1605) | | | 1792 | Eruption of Mt. Unzen, Japan, estimated deaths range from 15,000-53,000 | | | 1862 | Shenandoah Valley campaign, Jackson's Battle of Woodstock, VA | | | 1863 | Federal conscription goes into effect | | | 1865 | Battle of Five Forks, Lee's line of communications is severed | | | 1893 | USN establishes the rate of Chief Petty Officer | | | 1924 | Hitler gets five years for the Munich "Beer Hall" putsch | | | 1933 | Heinrich Himmler becomes Police Commander of Germany | | | 1933 | Nazi Germany enacts anti-Semitic legislation | | | 1939 | US recognizes the Franco government in Spain | | | 1941 | CNO orders "special precautions against surprise attack on weekends and holidays." | | | 1941 | Navy takes over Treasure Island, San Francisco Bay | | | 1942 | Bataan: Fil-American troops go on quarter rations | | | 1942 | Japanese First Air Fleet refuels south of Java | | | 1942 | Japanese troops capture Jessami, Netherlands East Indies | | | 1943 | Japanese aircraft attack the Russell Islands | | | 1944 | Adm Toyoda becomes commander of Combined Fleet | | | 1944 | TF 58 completes three days of raids in the western Carolines | | | 1944 | The Admiralties: 1st Cav Div begins mop up of outlying islands | | | 1945 | Okinawa: 60,000 U.S. soldiers and Marines land, on Easter Sunday | | | 1945 | US First & Ninth Armies meet to form the Ruhr pocket | | | 1954 | Air Force Academy established | | | 1954 | First army helicopter battalion formed, Fort Bragg, NC | | | 1955 | EOKA-bomb attacks against British facilities in Cyprus | | | 1957 | Leaders of the '56 Hungarian Revolution are tried in Budpest | | | 1960 | French detonate their 2nd atom bomb in the Sahara | | | 1960 | US launches Tiros I, first weather satellite | | | 1979 | Islamic Republic is proclaimed in Iran | | | 1986 | SSBN Nathanael Greene grounds in the Irish Sea | | | 1991 | Warsaw Pact officially dissolves | | | 1992 | USS Missouri (BB-63) decommissions for the last time | | 2 | 0 | Feast of St Francis de Paola, Patron of Naval Officers and Sick Children | | | 999 | Gerbert of Aurillac elected Pope as Sylvester II (999-1003) | | | 1118 | Count Baldwin of Edessa becomes King Baldwin II of Jerusalem (1118-1131) | | | 1194 | Richard Lionheart meets Robin Hood in Sherwood Forest [Trad] | | | 1283 | Giacomo Savelli is elected Pope as Honorius IV (1283-1287) | | | 1416 | Alfonso V succeeds to the throne of Aragon and Sicily (1416–1458) | | | 1513 | Juan Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain | | | 1550 | Jews are expelled from Genoa | | | 1781 | US Frigate Alliance captures British privateers Mars and Minerva | | | 1801 | Nelson “Copenhagens” the Danish Fleet | | | 1827 | Construction of the first Naval Hospital begins, Portsmouth, Va | | | 1865 | Battles of Petersburg/Ft Gregg/Sutherland's Station, Va | | | 1865 | Confederates evacuate Richmond | | | 1865 | US Maj Gen James H Wilson's cavalry captures Selma | | | 1912 | Sun Yat Sen forms the Kuomintang Party | | | 1916 | Zeppelin bombs Rosyth distillery, causing a flood of fine malt | | | 1917 | Pres Wilson asks Congress to declare war against Germany | | | 1941 | Nazi occupiers disband the Dutch Boy Scouts | | | 1942 | Burma: the British abandon Prome. | | | 1942 | CV Hornet (CV-7) sails from San Francisco, carrying 16 Army B-25Bs | | | 1942 | Singapore: Japanese 18th Div sails for Rangoon. | | | 1942 | US bombers from India attack Japanese shipping in the Andaman Islands. | | | 1943 | Italian blockade runner Orseolo reaches Bordeaux from Kobe | | | 1944 | Fifth Air Force raids Hansa Bay, New Guinea. | | | 1944 | Merrill's Marauders heavily engaged at Nhpum Ga, Burma | | | 1964 | President Goulart of Brazil replaced by Castello Branco in a coup | | | 1972 | Israeli PM Menachem Begin visits Pres Sadat of Egypt | | | 1982 | Argentina invades the Falkland Is, initiating a 72 losing war with Britain | | | 1986 | Terrorist bomb at the Athens airport, 4 Americans die | | 3 | 1367 | Battle of Najera/Navarrete: An Anglo-Spanish army defeats a Franco-Spanish army, to confirm Pedro the Cruel as King of Castille (1350-1369) | | | 1559 | Treaty of Le Cateau-Cambrensis: end of the Franco-Spanish “Italian Wars” (1494-1559) | | | 1860 | First ride of the Pony Express | | | 1865 | Union forces occupy Richmond & Petersberg, to the tune of "Dixie" | | | 1896 | Battle of Tucruf: Sudanese Mahdists defeat the Italians | | | 1922 | Stalin named Secretary-General of Central Committee of the CPUSSR | | | 1930 | Ras Tafari ascends the throne of Ethiopia as Emperor Haile Selassie (1930-1974) | | | 1941 | Putsch installs pro-Nazi Rashid Ali al-Ghailani as PM of Iraq, who initiates attacks on Britons & Jews, leading to British intervention (May 2-31 | | | 1942 | Bataan: Japanese launch a major offensive. | | | 1942 | Burma: Stilwell orders the Chinese to stand at Pyinamana. | | | 1942 | First foreign landing on a US carrier: Royal Navy Capt. H.L. St. J. Fancourt’s Gloster Gladiator on USS Wasp (CV-7) in the Orkney Islands | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Elms 41st Div land at Morobe, near the Waria River, without opposition | | | 1944 | British bombers attack battleship Tirpitz in Norwegian waters | | | 1944 | Burma: British juggle forces to stem the Japanese drive on Imphal | | | 1944 | Hollandia: major Fifth AF raid on Japanese base. | | | 1945 | USSR renounces Apr '41 non-aggression pact with Japan | | | 1948 | Harry Truman signs the Marshall Plan | | | 1982 | Security Council demands Argentina withdraw from the Falkland Islands | | 4 | 0 | Feast of St. Isidore of Seville, Patron of the Internet | | | 431 | Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War [Trad] | | | 1081 | Alexius I Comnenus becomes Byzantine Emperor (1081-1118), father of the learned Anna | | | 1541 | Ignatius of Loyola is appointed the first Superior-General of the Jesuits | | | 1581 | Frances Drake completes the second circumnavigation of the world | | | 1588 | Christian IV, aged 10, ascends the throne of Denmark & Norway (1588–1648) | | | 1655 | Battle at Porto Farina, Tunis: English fleet defeats the Barbary pirates | | | 1745 | Battle of Hohenfriedberg: Prussians defeat the Austrians & Dutch | | | 1776 | First USN victory at sea: USS Columbus captures HM Tender Hawke | | | 1854 | Sloop Plymouth lands a party to protect U.S. citizens in Shanghai | | | 1862 | Yorktown: First serious fighting of the Peninsular Campaign | | | 1865 | Lincoln sits in Jeff Davis' chair, in the Confederate White House | | | 1898 | First Chief of USN's Bureau of Yards and Docks appointed, Mordecai Endicott | | | 1918 | Battle of the Somme ends | | | 1920 | Jerusalem: Arab rioters attack Jews | | | 1933 | USN Airship Akron crashes off New Jersey, 73 die | | | 1939 | King Faisal II ascends to throne of Iraq (murdered 1958) | | | 1941 | RAdm Claude Bloch, COM 14th Naval District, warns Midway against Japanese surprise attack | | | 1941 | Rommel takes Benghazi | | | 1942 | Bataan: Fil-American forces fall back after Japanese break through | | | 1942 | Indian O: Japanese CV a/c sink British CAs Cornwall and Dorsetshire | | | 1943 | 4th Marine Div is activated at San Diego | | | 1944 | Burma: Heavy fighting around Nhpum Ga | | | 1944 | Japanese move on Kohima, having cut the road from Imphal. | | | 1945 | Heavy fighting begins in southern Okinawa. | | | 1945 | Hungary liberated from Nazi occupation | | | 1949 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed | | | 1958 | Aldermaston, England: 1st anti-nuclear weapons demonstration | | 5 | 823 | Pope Paschal I crowns Lothar I Co-Emperor of the HRE | | | 1242 | Battle of the Neva: Prince Alexander of Novgorod defeats the Teutonic Knights | | | 1614 | Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe | | | 1654 | Treaty of Westminster: First Anglo-Dutch War ends (1652-54) | | | 1762 | British capture Greneda from French | | | 1799 | Battle of Magnano: Austrians defeat the French | | | 1811 | Battle of Barrosa: English defeat the French | | | 1812 | British take Badajoz, Spain, from the French by storm | | | 1861 | U.S. troops abandon Ft Quitman, Tx | | | 1863 | Richmond Bread Riot: Jeff Davis threatens to fire on women & children | | | 1881 | Transvaal regains independence from Britain | | | 1887 | Lord Acton writes, "Power tends to corrupt, absolute power corrupts absolutely." | | | 1896 | Athens: 1st modern Olympic Games begin | | | 1915 | French begin Woevre offensive | | | 1916 | Battle of El Hanna: Unsuccessful British attempt to break the Turkish siege of Kut | | | 1939 | Germany: "Aryan" youth ordered to join the Hitlerjugend | | | 1942 | Bataan: Japanese troops capture Mt. Samat | | | 1942 | Colombo, Ceylon: Japanese First Air Fleet inflicts heavy damage | | | 1943 | Burma: Br 6th Bde HQ is overrun by advancing Japanese in the Arakan | | | 1943 | Poon Lim (1917-1991) lands near Belem, Brazil, follownig 133 days in a lifeboat in the Atlantic after the Ben Lomond was torpedoed | | | 1945 | Japanese cabinet resigns. | | | 1950 | Prague espionage trial against bishops & priests begins | | | 1951 | Julius & Ethel Rosenberg, atomic spies, sentenced to death | | | 1955 | Winston Churchill resigns as British PM, succeeded by Anthony Eden | | | 1962 | NASA civilian pilot Neil A Armstrong takes X-15 to 54,600m | | | 1986 | Berlin: two US servicemen & a Turkish woman die in a terrorist bombing | | | 1991 | Iraq: US begins relief air drops to Kurds in the north | | 6 | 0 | Army Day | | | 46 | Caesar defeats Cato and Juba at Thapsus, Africa | | | 403 | Battle of Pollentia: Stilicho's Romano-Alan Army defeats Alaric's Visigoths, on Easter Sundy | | | 648 | Solar eclipse visible in Greece & the Aegean | | | 1250 | Battle of Minieh: Ayyubids defeat the Crusaders | | | 1327 | Petrarch first sets eyes on Laura de Noves [see Deaths] | | | 1400 | Theseus and the Athenian Youths and Maidens sail for Crete | | | 1453 | Sultan Mehemet II lays siege to Constantinople (falls May 29th) | | | 1664 | France & Saxony conclude an alliance | | | 1672 | France declares war on the Netherlands | | | 1712 | Slave revolt in New York | | | 1776 | US naval squadron captures eight British ships off New England | | | 1859 | US recognizes Benito Juarez’s liberal government in Mexico's War of Reform | | | 1862 | Battle of Shiloh, Day 1: Confederate success. | | | 1866 | Union veterans form the Grand Army of the Republic | | | 1916 | German parliament OKs unrestricted submarine warfare | | | 1917 | US declares war on Germany, entering World War I | | | 1934 | Nazis arrest 418 Lutheran ministers | | | 1939 | Great Britain & Poland sign military pact | | | 1939 | US & UK agree on joint control of Canton & Enderbury Is in the Pacific | | | 1941 | Germans bomb Belgrad, 17,000 reportedly die | | | 1941 | Germans bomb the Piraeus, two old battleships sink | | | 1941 | Italians surrender Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to the British | | | 1942 | Chaing Kai-shek agrees to provide additional forces for Burma | | | 1942 | Japanese First Air Fleet raids in the Bay of Bengal. | | | 1942 | Stilwell's Chinese forces prepare to defend Pyinamana. | | | 1943 | Sub Trout begins laying mines near Sarawak, Borneo | | | 1945 | Coevorden, the Netherlands, liberated from the Nazis | | | 1945 | Japanese battleship Yamato sails for Okinawa on a one-way mission | | | 1945 | Okinawa: Massive kamikaze attack on the US fleet sinks 6 ships | | | 1968 | USS New Jersey recommissioned; first BB in service since 1958 | | | 1973 | India annexes Sikkim | | 7 | 451 | Attila's Huns sack Metz | | | 1118 | Pope Gelasius II excommunicates Emperor Henry V | | | 1381 | 2nd treaty of Guerande: Yann IV of Brittany and Charles VI of France | | | 1509 | France declares war on Venice | | | 1528 | French troops defeat Cardinal Pompeo Colonna outside Gaeta, initiating an unsuccessful siege | | | 1555 | Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi elected Pope as Marcellus II (7 Apr-6 May 1555) | | | 1625 | Albrecht von Wallenstein appointed supreme commander by the HRE | | | 1652 | The Fronde: Battle of Bleneau – French Royalists defeat the Frondist rebels | | | 1655 | Fabio Chigi elected Pope as Alexander VII (1655-1667) | | | 1776 | Continental brig Lexington captures British Edward | | | 1818 | Gen Andrew Jackson seizes St Marks, Fla, from Seminole Indians | | | 1831 | Dom Pedro II crowned Emperor of Brazil (1825–1891) | | | 1836 | Skirmish between Texian rear guards and advancing Mexican troops at San Felipe Ford | | | 1862 | Battle of Shiloh, Day 2: Grant defeats the Confederates | | | 1863 | First Battle of Charleston, SC: Unsuccessful USN attempt to force the harbor | | | 1865 | Battle of Farmville, Va | | | 1917 | USN takes over all wireless stations for the duration of WW I | | | 1926 | Violet Gibson, deranged daughter of Baron Ashbourne, attempts to assassinate Mussolini, but only wounds him slightly in the nose; arrested, she is released at the Duce's orders | | | 1933 | Nazis bar Jews from law & public service | | | 1938 | Battle of Taierzhuang ends: 14 days of desperate Chinese resistence cause the Japanese to fall back – their first major defeat in the “China Incident” | | | 1939 | Italy invades Albania, initiating the first combat by an armored division, the Centauro | | | 1941 | Battleship USS North Carolina commissioned | | | 1942 | Bataan: Fil-Am troops fail to form a new defensive line | | | 1942 | Heavy Axis air attack on Malta | | | 1942 | Japanese 18th Div lands at Rangoon. | | | 1942 | Solomons: Japanese land on Bougainville | | | 1942 | USN agrees to accept black Americans for general service | | | 1943 | Japanese a/c inflict heavy losses on Allied shipping around Guadalcanal | | | 1944 | Japanese cut water supply of Anglo-Indian forces at Kohima. | | | 1945 | First Navy Nurses land on Iwo Jima: Lt, jg, Ann Purvis & Ens Jane Kendeigh | | | 1945 | Japanese BB Yamato sunk off Okinawa by TF 58 a/c. | | | 1945 | Massive kamikaze attack on the US fleet off Okinawa | | | 1946 | Part of East Prussia is incorporated into the Russian SFSR | | | 1949 | Rogers & Hammerstein's "South Pacific" opens at the Majestic for 1928 performances | | | 1966 | US recovers lost H-bomb from sea off Palomares, Spain | | | 1978 | President Jimmy Carter defers production of neutron bomb | | | 1980 | President Jimmy Carter breaks relations with Iran over the hostage crisis | | | 1989 | Soviet sub sinks in Norwegian Sea, c. 12 die | | 8 | 0 | Feast of St Walther Gautier of Pontoise, Patron of Prisoners-of-War | | | 1195 | Byzantine Emperor Isaac II Angelus (1185-1195) is ousted & blinded by his brother Alexius III (1195-1203), but is later restored as Emperor(1203-1204) | | | 1341 | Petrarch is crowned “Poet Laureate” on the Capitoline in Rome | | | 1378 | Bartolomeo Prignano of Itri elected Pope as Urban VI (1378-1389) | | | 1455 | Alfonso Borja elected Pope as Callistus III (1455-1458) | | | 1500 | Battle of Novara: King Louis XII beats Duke Ludovico Sforza of Milan | | | 1595 | Battle of Amiens | | | 1801 | Riot in Bucharest, 128 Jews slain | | | 1861 | US mint at Dahlonega, Georgia, seized by Confederate officials | | | 1864 | Battle of Mansfield, La; U.S. forces routed by Lt Gen Richard Taylor | | | 1865 | Lee's retreat cut off near Appomattox Court House | | | 1898 | Battle of the Atbara River: Kitchener’s Anglo-Egyptian forces crush the Sudanese Mahdists | | | 1904 | France & Britain conclude the Entente Cordiale | | | 1925 | First planned night landings on a carrier, USS Langley, by VF-1 | | | 1945 | Okinawa: Marines probe Japanese lines on the Motobu Peninsula | | | 1950 | Unarmed USN patrol plane downed over the Baltic Sea by Soviet aircraft | | | 1956 | Parris Is, SC: Six Marine recruits drown during an unauthorized night exercise | | | 1961 | Persian Gulf: Explosion in the British liner Dara, 236 die | | 9 | 30 | The Crucifixion [the first Friday following the the first night of Passover on a Thursday] | | | 1002 | Battle of “Hocktide”: Saxon women defeat Danish raiders | | | 1097 | Norman-Italian Crusaders under Bohemund & Tancred reach Constantinople | | | 1241 | Battle of Liegnitz/Wahlstadt: Mongol armies defeat the Poles & Germans | | | 1260 | Battle of Montaperti: The Sienese Ghibellines defeat the Florentine Guelfs | | | 1388 | Battle of Naefels: The Swiss defeat the Hapsburgs | | | 1454 | Peace of Lodi: ends Milanese-Venetian war | | | 1534 | Turkish corsair Khair Ed-Din (Barbarossa) captures Sperlonga | | | 1621 | Twelve Years’ Truce (1609-1621) between Spain and the Netherlands expires | | | 1770 | Capt James Cook discovers Botany Bay, Australia | | | 1783 | Tippu Sahib expels the English from Bednore, India | | | 1848 | Battle of Sorio: The Austrians defeat Venetian Insurgents | | | 1848 | Battle of the Ponte di Goito: Piedmontese defeat the Austrians | | | 1864 | Battle of Pleasant Hill, La | | | 1865 | Appomattox: Robert E Lee & the Army of Northern Virginia pack it in. | | | 1865 | Union troops capture Ft Blakely, Alabama | | | 1898 | Lt Andrew S. Rowan leaves for Cuba with "a message for Garcia." | | | 1913 | Ebbet’s Field opens | | | 1914 | Tampico Incident: US sailors arrested in Mexico | | | 1917 | Canadianm troops storm Vimy Ridge, initiating the Battle of Arras | | | 1918 | Latvia proclaims independence from Russia | | | 1940 | Germany invades Denmark, which promptly surrenders | | | 1940 | Germany invades Norway | | | 1942 | Bataan: c. 75,000 U.S. & Filipino troops surrender to the Japanese | | | 1942 | British CV Hermes lost to Japanese naval aircraft off Ceylon | | | 1942 | First Air Fleet sinks 12 merchant ships off India, raids Tricomalee | | | 1942 | Manila Bay: U.S. troops hold out on Corregidor and Ft. Drum | | | 1942 | RAdm William F. Halsey, sails from Pearl Harbor in CV Enterprise | | | 1943 | Japanese DD Isonami sunk south east of Celebes by the U.S. sub Tautog | | | 1944 | Japanese abandon Nhpum Ga in Burma. | | | 1944 | Japanese encircle Imphal | | | 1944 | Japanese offer to mediate peace between Germany and Russia. | | | 1945 | Philippines: U.S. forces land on Jolo in the Sulu Sea | | | 1945 | RAF sinks Pocket Battleship Admiral Scheer in port | | | 1959 | NASA names seven astronauts for Project Mercury | | | 1963 | Congress declares Winston S. Chruchill an honorary U.S. citizen | | | 1981 | SSBN George Washington rams Japanese freighter Nisso Maru | | | 1991 | Georgia votes to secede from the USSR | | | 1992 | John Major becomes PM of the UK (1990-1997) | | 10 | 847 | Consecration of Pope Leo IV (847-55), who fortifies the Vatican against the Moors & is later canonized | | | 879 | Coronation of King Louis III of France, at c. 14 (879–882) | | | 1241 | Battle of the Sajo River, Day 1: The Hungarians hold the Mongols | | | 1500 | Duke Ludovico “Il Moro” Sforza of Milan is deposed and imprisoned by the French, after being back in power for only two months. | | | 1534 | Khair Ed-Din Barbarossa’s Turkish corsairs sack Fondi, Naples | | | 1734 | Great Fire of Montreal: c. 50 buildings burn, a black woman is lynched | | | 1741 | Battle of Mollwitz: Prussians defeat the Austrians | | | 1815 | Austria declares war on King Giacchino Murat of Naples | | | 1845 | Great fire of Pittsburgh, c. 1,000 buildings damaged or destroyed | | | 1848 | Battle of Castelnuovo: Austrians defeat Italian Nationalists | | | 1864 | Austrian Archduke Maximilian becomes Emperor of Mexico | | | 1865 | Appomattox: Gen Lee issues Gen Order #9, his last | | | 1868 | British defeat King Theodorus of Abyssinia at Magdala | | | 1880 | War of the Pacific: Chilean fleet blockades Callao, Peru | | | 1917 | Eddystone, PA, munitions factory explosion, 133 die | | | 1923 | Hitler speaks of "hatred and more hatred" in Berlin | | | 1940 | First Battle of Narvik: Royal Navy destroyers defeat German destroys, two of which are lost | | | 1941 | Axis troops capture Cyrenaica | | | 1941 | USS Niblack depth charges a u-boat; first US action against Germany in WW II | | | 1942 | Manila Bay: Japanese bombard Corregidor and other forts | | | 1942 | Philippines: Japanese land on Cebu | | | 1942 | The Netherlands: Germans impose cigarette & candy rationing | | | 1943 | Sub Triton reported overdue, presumed lost, Admiralty Islands | | | 1944 | Burma: British offensive on the Imphal-Kohima front. | | | 1944 | Soviet forces liberate Odessa from Nazis | | | 1945 | Allies liberate the Buchenwald concentration camp | | | 1945 | British carriers attack Japanese airbases on Formosa. | | | 1948 | Jewish Hagana repells an Arab attack on Mishmar Ha-Emek | | | 1963 | Lee Harvey Oswald attempts to assassinate right-wing segregationist Edwin A. Walker, a retired general | | | 1963 | SSN Thresher sinks east of Cape Cod, 124 die | | | 1972 | US, USSR, & 70 other nations agree to ban biological weapons | | | 1984 | US Senate condemns CIA mining of Nicaraguan harbors | | 11 | 411 | Consecration of Pope Adeodatus (aka Deusdedit II) (672-676), later canonized | | | 421 | Peace of Nikias: Truce in the Peloponnesian War (431-421, 415-404 BC) | | | 1241 | Battle of the Sajo River, Day 2: The Mongols crush the Hungarians | | | 1471 | King Edward IV of England captures London from Henry VI | | | 1512 | Battle of Ravenna: Bloody French victory over the Spanish | | | 1534 | Ambush of San Andrea: The Itrani rout Khairaidin Barbarossa's Arab raiders as they advance south on the Via Appia | | | 1713 | Treaty of Utrecht: Ends War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) | | | 1814 | Napoleon's first abdication | | | 1822 | Turks massacre Greeks on Chios | | | 1856 | Battle of Rivas: Costa Rica beats William Walker's invading Mercs & Nicaraguans | | | 1862 | Confederates surrender Ft Pulaski, Georgia | | | 1863 | Battle of Suffolk, VA | | | 1865 | Lincoln urges national reconciliation. | | | 1865 | Confederates evacuate Mobile | | | 1895 | Jose Marti & Maximo Gomez land at Plaitas, Cuba, to initiate an uprising against Spain. | | | 1898 | Pres McKinley asks for Declaration of War against Spain | | | 1899 | Treaty of Paris: Spain cedes Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam to US | | | 1900 | USN accepts its first submarine, the USS Holland, originally designed for the Fenians | | | 1925 | Morocco: Abd el-Krim's Riffian forces defeat the French | | | 1927 | Chile: Gen Carlos Ibañez declares himself president (1927-1931) | | | 1933 | Hermann Goring becomes minister-president of Prussia | | | 1939 | Hungary leaves the League of Nations | | | 1941 | Germans "Coventryize" Conventry, England | | | 1942 | Burma: Japanese begin a major offensive against the British. | | | 1942 | Cebu: Japanese rapidly overrun settled areas. | | | 1942 | Merchant Mariners authorized to receive the DSM | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Japanese a/c from Rabaul raid Oro Bay | | | 1944 | Marlene Dietrich’s USO show premiers in the Algiers Opera House, first of a series of performances that numbered as many as three a day, almost every day, until shortly after the end of the war. | | | 1944 | Philippines: Sub Redfin sinks Japanese DD Akigumo off Zamboanga | | | 1944 | RAF bombs census bureau in The Hague | | | 1951 | Harry S Truman fires Gen Douglas McArthur | | | 1953 | Former Chief WAC Oveta Culp Hobby becomes the first Secretary of HEW | | | 1956 | France sends 200,000 reservists to Algeria | | | 1957 | Ryan X-13 Vertijet becomes 1st jet to take-off & land vertically | | | 1961 | Trial of Adolf Eichman begins in Israel | | | 1979 | Tanzanian troops take Kampala, ending Idi Amin's regime in Uganda | | 12 | 464 | Anthemius is proclaime Roman Emperor (464-472) | | | 1204 | Fourth Crusaders capture Constantinople, amid great slaughter | | | 1229 | Peace treaty between Castille and Toulouse | | | 1365 | 2nd Treaty of Guerande: the House of Blois cedes Brittany to John IV de Montfort | | | 1394 | Turkish Sultan Bayazid takes Thessaloniki | | | 1495 | Italian League formed to fight Charles VIII of France | | | 1637 | Shimabara Revolt begins in Japan | | | 1706 | The new United Kingdom of Great Briton adopts the "Union" flag | | | 1782 | Battle of Providen: Indecisive Anglo-French naval clash off India | | | 1796 | Battle of Montenotte: Bonaparte's French defeat the Austrians | | | 1809 | Battle of Oporto: The English defeat the French | | | 1861 | Confederates shell Fort Sumter, initiating the Civil War | | | 1862 | Great Locomotive Chase: James Andrews steals a train at Kenesaw, GA | | | 1864 | Battle of Blair's Landing, La | | | 1864 | Fort Pillow Massacre: N. B. Forrest's men slaughter black troops | | | 1877 | British annex the Transvaal Republic | | | 1911 | First naval aviator: Lt Theodore Ellyson | | | 1916 | Battle of Hacienda Santa Cruz de la Villegas: led by Maj. Charles Young, the senior black officer in the U.S. Army, squadron of "Buffalo Soldiers" from the 10th Cav rescues their white comrades of the 13th Cav, besieged by the Mexicans | | | 1928 | Attempted assassination of King Victor Emanuel III | | | 1931 | Spanish voters electan anti-monarchy parliament | | | 1935 | Germany prohibits publishing of "non-Aryan" writers | | | 1940 | Italy annexes Albania | | | 1942 | Bataan: Japanese massacre c. 400 Filipino officers | | | 1942 | Cebu: Fil-Am forces initiate guerrilla operations. | | | 1943 | Allies capture Soussa, Tunisia | | | 1943 | Germans seize the Catholic University at Nijmegen | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Japanese aircraft raid Port Moresby | | | 1944 | British airlift a West African Chindit brigade into central Burma. | | | 1945 | Okinawa: 150 kamikaze attack the fleet, sinking one destroyer. | | | 1945 | Senior U.S. commanders visit the Ohrduf Concentration Camp; Ike & Bradley are stunned, Patton vomits | | | 1961 | Douglas MacArthur declines offer to become baseball commissioner | | | 1961 | The first manned orbital mission: Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin, in Vostok 1 | | | 1966 | First B-52 raids on North Vietnam | | | 1993 | Bosnia: USS Theodore Roosevelt & NATO a/c initiate no-fly zone | | 13 | 989 | Battle of Abydos: Byzantine Emperor Basil II defeats Bardas Phocas | | | 1055 | Count Gebhard of Calw, Tollenstein, & Hirschberg is enthroned as Pope Victor II (1055-1057) | | | 1111 | Pope Paschal II [belaedly] crowns Holy Roman Emperor Henry II (1106–1125) | | | 1241 | Battle of the Theiss: The Mongols defeat King Béla IV of Hungary | | | 1471 | The Battle of Leicester: King Edward IV defeats the Lancastrians | | | 1517 | Turks capture Cairo from the Mamlukes | | | 1631 | Gustavus Adolphus captures Frankfurt | | | 1759 | Battle of Bergen: The French defeat a combined British, Hanoverian, Hessian, & Brunswick force in central Germany | | | 1788 | NYC "Doctors' Riot" protesting corpse stealing | | | 1796 | Battle of Millesimo: Bonaparte defeats the Austrians | | | 1863 | Battle of Irish Bend/Ft Bisland, La | | | 1865 | Battle of Raleigh, NC | | | 1868 | British occupy Magdala, Abyssinia | | | 1870 | Col. Luigi di Cesnola, U.S.V., named 1st director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art | | | 1873 | Colfax Massacre: Louisiana White Leaguers & Kluxers kill c. 110 black Americans | | | 1904 | Battle of Oviumbo: The Herero defeat the Germans | | | 1906 | Mutiny portesting brutal discipline in the Portuguese warships Dom Carlos & Vasco da Gama | | | 1906 | Turret explosion in USS Kearsarge (BB-5): 10 killed, 4 injured | | | 1919 | Amritsar: British fire on Sikh demonstrators, hundreds die | | | 1940 | Second Battle of Narvik: Royal Navy BB Warspite & destroyers sink eight German destroyers | | | 1941 | Heavy German attack on Tobruk | | | 1941 | Russo-Japan non-aggression pact goes into effect | | | 1942 | Burma: the British Burma Corps breaks. | | | 1942 | VAdm Robert L. Ghormley named Commander, South Pacific Area | | | 1943 | Katyn: Nazis find graves of 13,000 Polish officers killed by Soviets | | | 1944 | India: Heavy fighting on the Imphal-Kohima front. | | | 1945 | Soviets capture Vienna | | | 1960 | France becomes 4th nuclear power, with an A-test in the Sahara | | | 1975 | Military coup in Chad | | | 2036 | Asteroid Apophis to make a near-Earth pass | | 14 | 69 | 1st Battle of Bedriacum: Vitellius defeats Otho to confirm his claim as Emperor (proclaimed Jan 1st) | | | 73 | Masada falls | | | 193 | Lucius Septimius Severus proclaimed Roman Emperor (193-211) | | | 754 | Pact of Quierzy between Pope Stephen II & Pepin the Short | | | 1191 | Giacinto Bobo, c. 85, elected Pope as Celestine III (1191-1198) | | | 1205 | Battle of Adrianople: Bulgarians defeat Latin Emperor of Constantinople Baldwin I | | | 1360 | Besieging Paris, Edward III’s army suffers many men and horses frozen to death in an extraordinary cold snap | | | 1471 | Battle of Barnet: King Edward IV defeats the Lancastrians under the Earl of Warwick in a confusing action | | | 1496 | Battle of Chilone: The French defeat the Neapolitans | | | 1544 | Battle of Ceresole Alba: French defeat the Spanish & Imperialists | | | 1574 | Battle of Mookerheyde: Spanish defeat the Dutch | | | 1658 | Battle of Dunkerque: French defeat the Spanish | | | 1796 | Battle of Dego: Bonaparte defeats the Austro-Piedmontese | | | 1818 | US Army Medical Corps formed | | | 1828 | HMS Acorn (18 guns) sinks off Halifax, 115 die | | | 1848 | Battle of Sarche: Austrians defeat Italian Nationalists | | | 1864 | Spanish fleet captures the Chincha Islands from Peru, initiating the Guano War (1864-66) | | | 1865 | Abraham Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth, on Good Friday, dies the following morning | | | 1865 | Mobile captured by Union forces | | | 1898 | USS Solace commissioned, first hospital ship in the USN since 1865, and the only purpose-built hospital ship in the history of the fleet | | | 1912 | RMS Titanic strikes an ice berg, c. 11:40 pm | | | 1914 | Revolutionary pilot Gustavo Adolfo Salinas Camiña drops several bombs on the Federal warship Guerrero, lying at Topolobampo, Mexico, in the first air attack on a warship, causing slight damage | | | 1931 | King Alfonso XIII flees as Spain becomes a republic | | | 1940 | British and French troops land in Norway to help fight Germans | | | 1942 | Australia assents to MacArthur as Supreme Commander, SW Pacific. | | | 1942 | Burma: British order the Yenangyaung oil fields destroyed. | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Japanese air raid on Milne Bay sinks two transports. | | | 1943 | New Guinea: PT-150 and PT-152 sink Japanese sub Ro-102, off Lae. | | | 1944 | Bombay: ship loaded with 1,300 tons of TNT explodes, 21 ships sink, c. 1000 die | | | 1945 | Arnhem & Zwolle, the Netherlands, liberated from the Nazis | | | 1945 | Tokyo fire bomb raids: B-29s damage Imperial Palace | | | 1953 | Viet Minh offensive in Laos | | 15 | 43 | Battle of Forum Gallorum: Antony is defeated by the Consuls | | | 56 | Council of Luca: Caesar, Pompey, & Crassus renew their pact to plunder the state | | | 73 | Masada falls to the Romans | | | 1207 | St. Francis renounces worldly goods | | | 1632 | Battle of the Lech: Swedes defeat the Imperialists | | | 1746 | Battle of the Trebbia: Austrians defeat the French & Spanish | | | 1836 | Battle of New Washington: Inconclusive skirmish between Texians and Mexicans | | | 1861 | Ft Sumter surrenders | | | 1861 | Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers | | | 1865 | Former Brig Gen Andrew Johnson assumes the presidency (1865-1869) | | | 1865 | The Stars and Stripes are again hoisted over Ft Sumter | | | 1868 | Emperor Meiji reviews the first ships to fly the imperial naval ensign | | | 1874 | Lord Randolph Spencer Churchill marries Jennie Jerome, in Paris | | | 1892 | Battle of Serobeti: Italians defeat the Sudanese Mahdists | | | 1904 | Battle of Pensacola: c. 350 soldiers & sailors riot against police and shore patrol; 1 k, many injured | | | 1912 | RMS Titanic sinks at c. 0225 | | | 1940 | British troops land at Narvik, Norway | | | 1942 | George VI awards the George Cross to the people of Malta | | | 1942 | Japanese threaten to encircle the British Burma Div. | | | 1943 | Aleutians: U.S. convoys begin converging on Attu. | | | 1943 | Russell Is.: U.S. completes a major airfield on Banika | | | 1944 | India: British and Indians make important gains on the Kohima Front. | | | 1945 | British Army liberates Bergen-Belsen concentration camp | | | 1945 | Burma: helicopter makes first rescue of a downed pilot. | | | 1945 | FDR is buried at his estate in Hyde Park, NY | | | 1947 | Former 2nd Lt Jackie Robinson begins playing for Brooklyn, integrating modern Major League baseball | | | 1952 | First test flight of a prototype B-52 | | | 1969 | North Korea shoots at US airplane over the Sea of Japan | | | 1974 | Military coup in Niger | | | 1986 | US a/c raid terrorist bases in Libya, following Berlin disco bombing | | 16 | 556 | Election of Pope Pelagius I (556-561) | | | 1071 | Robert the Weasel captures Bari from the Byzantines after a three year siege | | | 1178 | Odysseus returns to Ithaka | | | 1444 | Truce of Tours: pause in the Hundred Year's War (1444-1450) | | | 1746 | Battle of Culloden: the Duke of Cumberland defeats the "Young Pretender" and massacres his supporters | | | 1777 | Battle of Bennington: Molly Stark does not "find herself a widow" | | | 1796 | Battle of Ceva, Day 1: French v. Austro-Piedmontese | | | 1797 | Royal Navy "mutiny" at Spithead (ends May 14) | | | 1799 | Battle of Mt. Tabor: Bonaparte's French defeat the Turks | | | 1809 | Battle of Sacile: The Austrians defeat the French | | | 1810 | Notorious “War Hawk” Rep. Nathaniel Macon of North Carolina proposes "the whole army ought to be abolished" | | | 1818 | Rush-Bagot treaty ratified, creating an unarmed US-Canada border | | | 1862 | Abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia | | | 1862 | Confederate Conscriptoin Act: extends all prior enlistments for the duration and introduces mandatory service for white men 18-35, with excemptions for large slaveowners and some others | | | 1865 | Battles of Columbus & West Point, Ga | | | 1916 | The French Army forms the Escadrille Americaine. | | | 1917 | Lenin arrives at the Finland Station, in Petrograd, to plot the Bolshevik Revolution | | | 1924 | Navy begins relief operations for Mississippi Valley floods (to June 16) | | | 1938 | Britain recognizes the Italian annexation of Abyssinia | | | 1942 | Burma: Japanese troops occupy Magwe | | | 1942 | Philippines: Japanese troops land on Panay | | | 1943 | US code breakers discover Adm Yamamoto will visit the Solomon Is. | | | 1944 | US begins planning "Operation Olympic" – the invasion of Japan. | | | 1945 | 77th Inf Div lands on Ie Shima, off Okinawa | | | 1945 | The Red Army initates the Battle of Berlin | | | 1945 | US troops enter Nuremberg | | | 1945 | USS Laffey (DD-724) survives six kamikaze hits, off Okinawa | | | 1946 | US launches captured V-2 rocket, White Sands, NM | | | 1947 | Congress grants Navy Nurses full commissioned status | | | 1947 | Nitrate-laden ship explodes at Texas City, over 500 die. | | | 1965 | Test flight of the Saturn S-1C rocket | | | 1966 | Rhodesia breaks diplomatic relations with Britain | | 17 | 43 | Phyrric senatorial victory over Marc Antony at Mutina (Modena) | | | 1413 | Venetians defeat the Hungarians in Friulia | | | 1421 | Dikes at Dort, Holland, break, 100,000 drown | | | 1488 | Caterina Sforza refuses to surrender Forli, despite threats against her children by the Orsi | | | 1521 | Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther | | | 1524 | Giovanni da Verrazano enters New York Bay | | | 1536 | HRE Charles V challenges Francis I of France to personal combat, but is refused | | | 1625 | Franco-Piedmontese forces capture Gavi from the Spanish-Genoese | | | 1793 | Battle of Warsaw: Russians crush Polish insurgents | | | 1796 | Battle of Ceva ends: French defeat the Austro-Piedmontese (from 16th) | | | 1808 | Napoleon's Bayonne Decree authorizes seizure of American ships | | | 1846 | Battle of Cerro Gordo: Winfield Scott defeats the Mexican Army | | | 1848 | Battle of Visco: Austrians defeat Italian Nationalists | | | 1861 | Confederacy authorizes privateers | | | 1861 | U.S. steamer Star of West captured by Confederates, Indianola, Texas | | | 1861 | Virginia is the 8th state to secede | | | 1863 | La Grange, Tn: Grierson's Raid begins, will end at Baton Rouge, LA | | | 1864 | Battle of Plymouth, NC | | | 1864 | Bread riot in Savannah, Georgia | | | 1864 | Grant suspends prisoner-of-war exchanges | | | 1865 | Mary Surratt is arrested as a conspirator in Lincoln's assassination | | | 1868 | British burn and abandon Magdala, Abyssinia | | | 1895 | Treaty of Shimonoseki: Sino-Japanese War ends (1894-1895), China loses Formosa | | | 1941 | Iraq: British reinforcements arrive to defeat pro-fascist coup | | | 1941 | Yugoslavia surrenders to the Germans | | | 1942 | Burma: Anglo-Indians & Chinese are unable to hold the Japanese advance | | | 1942 | Germans begin to destroy the Sobibor Concentration Camp | | | 1944 | Chinese forces in northern Burma resume the offensive. | | | 1944 | Last Japanese offensive in China, to seize B-29 bases. | | | 1945 | Baltic: German SS Goya (5,230 GRT) sunk, c. 6,000 killed | | | 1945 | German occupiers flood Wieringermeer, Netherlands | | | 1945 | Mussolini flees from Salo to Milan | | | 1945 | U.S. forces land on Mindanao Island, Philippines. | | | 1961 | Bay of Pigs: 1,400 Cuban exiles land to overthrow Castro | | | 1975 | Khmer Rouge capture Phnom Penh, initiating a reign of terror | | 18 | 310 | Consecraton of Pope Eusebius (Apr 18-Aug 17, 310 - or 309), later canonized | | | 1483 | Battle of the Ponte di Crevola: The Milanese defeat the Swiss | | | 1506 | Pope Julius II lays the first stone of the new St. Peter’s Basilica | | | 1676 | Sudbury, Mass, attacked by Indians | | | 1775 | Paul Revere, Samuel Prescott, & William Dawes take a little ride | | | 1861 | Baltimore mob attacks 27th Pennsylvania, several injured | | | 1861 | Col R E Lee may have been offered and refused a major command in the U.S. Army | | | 1861 | Confederates capture Harpers Ferry arsenal | | | 1862 | Farragut’s fleet bombards Fts Jackson & St. Philip, below New Orleans | | | 1864 | Battle of Poison Springs, Ark | | | 1912 | Regia Marina Capt. Enrico Millo leads a nocturnal torpedo boat raid into the Dardanelles. | | | 1923 | Poland annexes Central Lithuania | | | 1934 | The U.S. Army stops issuing sabers to the cavalry. | | | 1942 | Burma: Chinese 55th Div collapses, breaking Allied front | | | 1942 | Doolittle Raid: 16 B-25Bs off CV Hornet strike Tokyo and other targets | | | 1942 | World War II edition of Stars & Stripes begins publication in England | | | 1945 | c. 1000 Allied bombers raid Helgoland, in the North Sea, 128 die | | | 1946 | The League of Nations is officially dissolved | | | 1954 | Egypt: Nasser seizes power as premier | | | 1956 | Egypt & Israel agree to a ceasefire | | | 1983 | Beirut: Suicide bomber attacks the US Embassy, 63 die | | 19 | 26 | The Crucifiction [Alt Trad] | | | 65 | Frustration of the Pisonian Conspiracy against Nero | | | 530 | Battle of Callenico: The Persians defeat the Byzantines | | | 1451 | Sultan Alam I (Ala-ud-Din Alam Shah) of Delhi (1445-1451) voluntarily abidcates in favor of Bahlul Khan Lodhi (1451-1489) | | | 1587 | Frances Drake raids Cadiz | | | 1775 | "The Shot Heard 'Round the World" | | | 1782 | The Netherlands recognizes the US | | | 1809 | Battle of Teugen: The French defeat the Austrians | | | 1859 | Lombardy-Venetia War: Austria demands that Piedmont disarm. | | | 1861 | Baltimore mob attacks the 6th Mass, 4 soldiers, c. 12 rioters die | | | 1861 | Lincoln orders blockade of Confederate ports | | | 1864 | USS Kearsage sinks CSS Alabama off Cherbourg, France | | | 1909 | Canonization of Joan of Arc, patron of France, Soldiers, & Women in Military Service | | | 1916 | Italian troops capture Col di Lana at Merano | | | 1919 | Leslie Irvin of the US makes 1st free fall parachute jump | | | 1928 | Japanese troops occupy Shantung Peninsula in China | | | 1936 | Anti-Jewish rioting in Palestine | | | 1941 | Bulgarian troops occupy Macedonia | | | 1941 | Marines begin construction of an airfield on Wake I | | | 1941 | Nazis initiate milk rationing in the Netherlands | | | 1942 | British abandon the oil fields at Yenangyuang, Burma | | | 1943 | Sub Scorpion lays mines in Japanese waters | | | 1943 | Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins; lasts until May 16 | | | 1944 | Japan reinforces drive against U.S. airbases in China. | | | 1944 | New York: Massive rally protesting Nazi genocide. | | | 1945 | Italian UDT sink incomplete CV Aquila, in German hands at Genoa | | | 1945 | US offensive opens against the Shuri Line on Okinawa | | | 1948 | Chiang Kai-shek elected president of Nationalist China | | | 1959 | Abortive uprising at La Paz, Bolivia | | | 1962 | NASA pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 to 46,900 m | | | 1964 | Rightist coup in Laos, Suvanna Phuma remains premier | | | 1971 | USSR Salyut 1 launched; 1st manned lab in orbit | | | 1989 | USS Iowa gun turret explosion, 47 die | | | 1990 | Truce ends the Nicaraguan Civil War | | | 1995 | Oklahoma City: Self-styled "patriot" kills 168 Americans | | 20 | 1283 | Roger de Lauria becomes Grand Admiral of Catalonia | | | 1505 | Philbert of Luxemburg expels the Jews from Burgundy | | | 1653 | Coup by Oliver Cromwell dissolves the “Rump” Parliament and installs him as dictator (1653-1658) | | | 1775 | American patriots invest the British in Boston | | | 1789 | George Washington is sworn in as the first POTUS, Federal Hall, NY | | | 1792 | Republican France declares war on Austria, Prussia, & Piedmont, initiating the War of the First Coalition | | | 1799 | Napoleon issues a decree calling for settling Jews in Jerusalem | | | 1809 | Battle of Abensberg: The French defeat the Austrians | | | 1813 | Battle of Bautzen, Day 1: Napoleon v. the Russo-Prussians | | | 1836 | Skirmish between Texian and Mexican outposts near San Jacinto | | | 1861 | Robert E Lee resigns from United States Army | | | 1861 | Union forces burn and abandon Gosport (Norfolk, Va) Navy Yard. | | | 1864 | Confederates capture 85th NY at Plymouth, NC | | | 1915 | US Navy issues its first contract for lighter-than-air craft. | | | 1919 | Polish Army captures Vilno from the Red Army | | | 1934 | Heinrich Himmler becomes head of the Prussian secret police | | | 1936 | Jews beat off an Arab attack on Petach Tikvah, Palestine | | | 1941 | German bombers raid Athens | | | 1941 | Swiss beat Germany 2-1 in soccer, on Hitler’s birthday! | | | 1942 | Burma: British forces begin a general withdrawal. | | | 1942 | Capt H. L. St. J. Fancourt, RN, lands a Sea Gladiator on USS Wasp (CV 5), becoming the rirst non-American to make a landing on a US carrier | | | 1942 | Malta subject to a heavy Axis air raid, as USS Wasp launches 47 Spitfires to reinforce the defenses | | | 1943 | Sub Runner lays mines off Hong Kong. | | | 1944 | Burma: Chinese New 38th Div ejects Japanese from terrain near Kamaing, as the British approach the Yenangyaung oil fields. | | | 1944 | India: British lift siege of Kohima, Japanese hold the road to Imphal | | | 1945 | Okinawa: U.S. forces capture Motobu Heights, in the north | | | 1945 | US Seventh Army captures Nuremberg, site of Nazi Party rallies | | | 1947 | Peleliu: 27 Japanese troops surrender, 18 months after VJ-Day | | | 1951 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for General of the Army Douglas MacArthur | | | 1987 | US deports Karl Linnas, charged with Nazi war crimes, to USSR | | | 1999 | Two students run amok in Columbine High School, 13 killed, 2 suicides | | 21 | 753 | Romulus founds a city | | | 1097 | Aquitainian Crusaders under Bishop Adhemar and Count Raymond reach Constantinople | | | 1503 | Battle of Seminara: The Spanish defeat the French in Naples | | | 1519 | Cortes lands in Mexico | | | 1572 | Anglo-French alliance concluded against Spain | | | 1738 | Algerian pirates raid into the Bay of Naples | | | 1739 | Austria concedes independence of Naples under Charles IV (1739-1759), half-brother of the King of Spain | | | 1796 | Battle of Mondovi: Bonaparte defeats the Austrians | | | 1809 | Battle of Landshut: Napoleon defeats the Austrians | | | 1813 | Battle of Bautzen, Day 2: Napoleon defeats the Russo-Prussians | | | 1836 | Battle of San Jacinto: Texas secures independence from Mexico | | | 1861 | USS Saratoga captures slaver Nightingale, bound for the Confederacy | | | 1865 | Abraham Lincoln's funeral train leaves Washington | | | 1898 | US declares war on Spain | | | 1914 | US Marines and sailors occupy Vera Cruz, Mexico | | | 1941 | Greece surrenders to Nazi Germany | | | 1944 | TF 58 raids Hollandia & Wakde, to prepare for landings. | | | 1945 | Burma: Japanese decide to retire, abandoning Rangoon | | | 1945 | Ie Shima, off Okinawa, secured after five days fighting | | | 1945 | Red Army reaches the outskirts of Berlin | | | 1954 | USAF flies French battalion to Vietnam | | | 1961 | USAF Maj Robert M White takes X-15 to 32,000 m | | | 1967 | Military coup in Greece | | | 1967 | Svetlana Alliluyeva, Stalin's daughter, seeks asylum in the US | | | 1975 | Nguyen Van Thieu resigns as president of South Vietnam | | 22 | 1073 | Election of Pope Gregory VIII - Hildebrand (1073-1085), later canonized | | | 1164 | Frederick Barbarossa makes Guido di Crema [Anti-]Pope as “Paschal III” (1164–1168) | | | 1363 | Battle of Canturino: The White Company defeats the Milanese | | | 1370 | Construction of the Bastille begins in Paris | | | 1509 | Henry VIII becomes King of England, d. 1547 | | | 1521 | King Francis I of France declares war on Spain | | | 1526 | First known slave revolt in what is now the US, South Carolina | | | 1529 | Treaty of Zaragoza: Spain & Portugal divide the eastern hemisphere | | | 1676 | Naval Battle off Etna/Agosta/Catania: Dutch-Spanish vs. French | | | 1769 | Madame du Barry becomes King Louis XV's "official" mistress | | | 1796 | Battle of Mondovi: Napoleon defeats the Piedmontese | | | 1809 | Battle of Eggmuhl: The French defeat the Austrians | | | 1861 | Robert E Lee named commander of Virginia forces | | | 1898 | President McKinley orders blockade of Cuba | | | 1898 | USS Nashville captures Spanish ship Buena Ventura | | | 1913 | Balkan Wars: Montenegrans capture Scutari, Albania | | | 1914 | Mexico severs diplomatic relations with the US | | | 1915 | Second Battle of Ypres: Germany introduces poison gas | | | 1930 | Signing of the The London Naval Arms Limitation Trety | | | 1944 | Hitler & Mussolini confer at Berchtesgarten | | | 1944 | New Guinea: U.S. Army troops land near Hollandia | | | 1945 | 3rd Inf Div demonstrates American cultural insensitivity by blowing up the Nuremburg Stadium swastika, | | | 1945 | Liberations of the Sachsenhausen Concentration | | | 1952 | First live television broadcast of an atomic bomb test and of the Senate Army-McCarthy hearings | | | 1954 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for the 4th Infantry Division, home from Korea | | | 1961 | General Raoul Salan attempts an anti-Gaullist coup in Algeria | | | 1972 | Astronauts John Young & Charles Duke take a dune buggy ride on the Moon | | | 1983 | Soyuz T-8 returns to Earth | | 23 | 0 | Feast of St. George, Patron of England and of Soldiers | | | 1014 | Battle of Clontarf: The Irish defeat the Danes | | | 1154 | Damascus surrenders to Sultan Nur ad-Din of Aleppo | | | 1296 | Battle of Spottismuir: Edward I & the Earl of Surrey defeat & depose John Balliol, King of Scotland | | | 1348 | Edward III founds the Order of the Garter | | | 1374 | King Edward III grants Geoffrey Chaucer a pitcher of wine a day | | | 1449 | Battle of Borgomanero: Bartolomeo Colleoni defeats the French & Savoyards | | | 1521 | Battle of Villalar: Spanish Crown defeats the Communero Rebels | | | 1795 | William Hastings acquitted in England of high treason | | | 1826 | The Turks capture Missolonghi, Greece, amid great slaughter | | | 1861 | Arkansas troops seize Ft Smith | | | 1861 | Texas forces capture U.S. Army post at San Antonio | | | 1864 | Red River Expedition: Battle of Cane River/Monett's Ferry | | | 1891 | Jews are expelled from Moscow | | | 1918 | Dover Patrol sinks Germany U-boat in the North Sea | | | 1918 | Royal Navy commando raid on Zeebrugge, Belgium | | | 1938 | Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia demand self-government | | | 1941 | King George II of Greece flees abroad before the Nazi invaders | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Aussie Kanga Force relieved by 3rd Div on the Mubo front. | | | 1943 | Sub Seawolf sinks a Japanese patrol vessel, Yellow Sea | | | 1945 | Allies in Italy reach the Po River | | | 1945 | Balikpapan, Borneo: USN uses guided missile for the first time, 2 BATS, 2 hits | | | 1949 | Red Chinese occupy Nanking | | | 1950 | Nationalist Chinese evacuate Hainan Island | | | 1967 | Soyuz 1 launched | | | 1980 | Soviet sub catches fire off Japan, 9 die | | 24 | 0 | Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day | | | 858 | Election of Pope St. Nicholas I “the Great” (858-867) | | | 1184 | The Greeks take Troy [Trad]. | | | 1288 | Jews of Troyes, France, are accused of ritual murder | | | 1524 | Hapsburg Imperial troops capture Milan from the French | | | 1547 | Battle of Muhlberg: Imperialists defeat the Schamlkaldic Leagu | | | 1585 | Felice Peretti elected Pope as Sixtus V (1585-1590) | | | 1757 | Battle of Reichenberg: Prussians defeat the Austrians | | | 1778 | US Sloop-of-War Ranger captures HMS Drake | | | 1792 | Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle composes "La Marseillaise" | | | 1800 | Congress appropriates $5,000 to build a library | | | 1849 | French Expeditionary Force lands at Civitavecchia, to crush the Roman Republic | | | 1862 | Farragut runs the Confederate batteries on the Mississippi below New Orleans | | | 1863 | War Department isues GO No 100, The Law of Land Warfare, the first US ROE. | | | 1877 | Last US troops leave New Orleans: Reconstruction ends, Jim Crow begins | | | 1895 | Joshua Slocum complete the first solo around-the-world voyage in Spray | | | 1898 | Spain declares war on US | | | 1915 | Turks initiate widespread massacre of Armenians | | | 1916 | The Irish “Easter Rebellion” begins (to 29th) | | | 1917 | US DDs sail for Europe; 17 days after war is declared on Germany (see May 4) | | | 1920 | Polish troops enter Ukraine | | | 1922 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for Marshal Joseph Joffre | | | 1932 | Benito Mussolini (48) meets Clara Petacci (20) for the first time | | | 1932 | Nazis gain 36.3% of votes in Prussian election | | | 1942 | Japanese troops advance on all fronts in Burma. | | | 1943 | U.S. 7th Infantry Div sails from San Francisco for Alaska | | | 1943 | Fire in the freighter El Estero at Jersey City threatens to detonate 5,000 tons of ammunition aboard her, two nearby ships, and at dockside; USCG tows the vessel into New York Bay and floods her | | | 1944 | 1st Boeing B-29 arrives in China over “the Hump" | | | 1944 | Australian troops occupy Madang in New Guinea. | | | 1953 | Queen Elizabeth II knights Winston Chruchill | | | 1961 | JFK accepts "sole responsibility" for the Bay of Pigs | | | 1961 | Swedish warship Vasa, sunk on her maiden voyage in 1628, is raised | | | 1968 | Lenny Glynn “visits” President's office at Columbia University | | | 1969 | US B-52s drop 3,000 tons of bombs on VC positions inside Cambodia | | | 1970 | China PR launches its 1st satellite, transmitting song "East is Red" | | | 1980 | "Desert One": US operation to save 52 hostages in Iran, fails, 8 die | | 25 | 404 | Athens surrenders to Sparta, ending the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) | | | 1283 | Siege of Bere Castle: English defeat the Welsh | | | 1464 | Battle of Hedgeley Moor: Marquess of Montague’s Yorkists defeat the Duke of Somerset’s Lancastrians | | | 1591 | The Moroccans take Timbuktu | | | 1607 | Battle of Gibraltar Bay: the Dutch fleet defeats the Spanish & Portuguese | | | 1626 | Battle of the Dessauer Bridge: Albrecht von Wallenstein defeats Graf von Mansfeld | | | 1707 | Battle of Almansa: Borbonists defeat the Habsburgists to secure the control of Spain | | | 1792 | First execution by guillotine | | | 1861 | 7th NY & 8th Massachusetts arrive in Washington | | | 1861 | Battle of Lavaca, TX | | | 1861 | Pvt Samuel Young enlists, to retire Jan 9, 1904, as Lt Gen. | | | 1862 | Farragut occupies New Orleans, La | | | 1864 | Battle of Marks' Mill, Arkansas (Camden Expedition) | | | 1875 | Combat on the Pecos: Lt. John L. Bullis and Seminole Indian Scouts SGT John Ward, Trumpeter Isaac Payne, & PVT Pompey Factor rout c. 25-30 Lipan Indian raiders, for the Scounts are awarded the Medal of Honor | | | 1881 | 250,000 sign petitions to bar foreign Jews from entering Germany | | | 1914 | First USN air combat mission: Lt. Patrick Bellinger conducts a reconnaissance over Veracruz, receiving some damage from machine gun fire. | | | 1915 | Gallipoli: 78,000 ANZAC troops land | | | 1925 | Paul von Hindenburg becomes president of Germany (1925–1934) | | | 1926 | Coronation of Reza Pahlavi as Shah of Persia (1925-1941) | | | 1927 | Spain sends 20,000 reinforcements to Morocco to battle the Riffian Rebels | | | 1942 | Burma: Chinese troops fail to the halt Japanese before Lashio. | | | 1942 | Doolittle Mission: CVs Hornet & Enterprise return to Pearl Harbor | | | 1944 | New Britain: 1st Marine Div relieved by the 40th Infantry Div | | | 1945 | First UN Session: 45 countries convene in San Francisco | | | 1945 | Japanese rout Chinese forces at Wuking. | | | 1945 | Last Boeing B-17 attack against Nazi Germany | | | 1945 | The Red Army completely surrounds Berlin | | | 1945 | US & Soviet forces meet at Torgau on the Elbe River | | | 1960 | USS Triton completes first submerged circumnavigation of the globe | | | 1962 | Christmas Island: US resumes above ground nuclear testing, | | | 1974 | Portuguese strongman Antonio Salazar (1932-1974) ousted | | | 1975 | Stockholm: Terrorist attack on the West German embassy | | | 1982 | Israel completes Sinai withdrawal, in accordance with Camp David accords | | | 1993 | Boris Yeltsin elected President of Russia (1993-1999) | | 26 | 757 | Acession of Pope Paul I (757-767), later canonized; the brother of Stephen II (752) | | | 1478 | The Pazzi attempt to assassinate the Medici at mass | | | 1501 | Cesare Borgia captures Faenza, besieged since Nov 7, 1500 | | | 1604 | Battle of Blankenbergh: Spanish defeat the Dutch | | | 1607 | English colonists land at Cape Henry, Va | | | 1654 | Jews are expelled from Brazil | | | 1655 | Dutch permit Jews to settle in Nieuw Amsterdam | | | 1777 | Sybil Ludington, 16, alerts Connecticut militia of a British raid | | | 1805 | Cyrus Eaton, the proverbial few Marines, and some mercs storm Derna, Libya | | | 1814 | King Louis XVIII lands at Calais, from exile in England | | | 1846 | Mexican War: Mexicans beat U.S. Dragoons at Rancho Carricitos, Tx | | | 1859 | Lombardy-Venetia War: Piedmont rejects Austrian ultimatum, declares war; France mobilizes in support | | | 1861 | Joseph E. Johnston resigns his commission in the U.S. Army, to go South [See 1865] | | | 1865 | Battle of Durham Station/Greensboro, NC | | | 1865 | Battle of Ft Tobacco, VA | | | 1865 | Confederate Gen Joseph E Johnston surrenders Army of Tennessee, Durham, NC | | | 1913 | China: Sun Yat San revolts against Pres Yuan Shikai | | | 1926 | Germany & Russia sign neutrality & friendship treaty | | | 1933 | Jewish students are barred from school in Germany | | | 1937 | Luftwaffe bombs Guernica, Spain, hundreds die | | | 1938 | Austrian Jews required to register property above 5,000 Reichsmarks | | | 1941 | Nazis ration potatoes in Holland | | | 1943 | Attu: U.S. ships shell Japanese positions. | | | 1943 | U-180 transfers Indian radical Subhas Chandra Bose to Japanese I-29. | | | 1944 | First attack by Japanese fighters on B-29s, one fighter shot down | | | 1944 | New Guinea: Australians take Alexishafen as Americans take the airfield at Hollandia | | | 1945 | Okinawa: Japanese resistance intensifies, halting U.S. offensive | | | 1952 | USS Hobson (DD-464) rams carrier Wasp (CV-18), 176 die | | | 1959 | Cuban-sponsored guerrillas invade Panama | | | 1961 | Collapse of Raoul Salan’s coup against French Pres. De Gaulle | | | 1962 | Lockheed A-12 flies for first time | | | 1968 | US underground nuclear test, "Boxcar", one megaton device | | | 1982 | South Georgia I: Argentine forces surrender to British | | 27 | 630 | Shahrbaraz becomes Persian Emperor (Apr 26-June 9 630) | | | 1084 | Robert the Weasel liberates Rome – and Pope Gregory VII – from Emperor Henry IV, amid great slaughter | | | 1507 | Genovese uprising against French occupation | | | 1509 | Pope Julius II excommunicates "The Most Serene Republic" of Venice | | | 1528 | Battle of Cape d'Orso: Franco-Genovese fleet crushes the Spanish | | | 1773 | British Parliament passes Tea Act, leading to the Boston Tea Party | | | 1778 | John Paul Jones begins a two-day raid on Whitehaven, U.K. | | | 1799 | Battle of Cassano: Russo-Austrians defeat the French | | | 1813 | Toronto captured by Americans under Gen Zebulon Pike | | | 1849 | Battle of Marghera: Austrians defeat Italian Nationalists in the Veneto | | | 1857 | Jews are prohibitedf from establisng congregations in Lower Austria | | | 1861 | The 7th NY Militia enters federal service at Washington. | | | 1861 | Thomas J Jackson assumes command at Harper’s Ferry | | | 1861 | Virginia having seceded from the US, West Virginia secedes from Virginia | | | 1863 | Streight's Raid: Tuscumbia to Cedar Bluff, AL | | | 1865 | Steamer Sultana explodes in the Mississippi, c. 1,500 die | | | 1874 | Racist “White League” formed in the "Gallant South" | | | 1881 | Pogroms against Russian Jews start in Elisabethgrad | | | 1890 | Battle of Barca: Italians defeat the Sudanese Mahdists | | | 1897 | Dedication of Grant's Tomb | | | 1898 | Matanzas, Cuba: US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire | | | 1909 | Ouster of Ottoman Sultan & Caliph Abdul Hamid II of Turkey (1876-1909), in favor of Mehmed V (1909-1918) | | | 1915 | French Armored Cruiser Leon Gambetta sunk in the Adriatic by the Austro-Hungarian submarine U-5, commanded by Korvettenkapitän Georg Ludwig Ritter von Trapp | | | 1940 | Himmler orders establishment of the Auschwitz Concentration Camp | | | 1941 | German troops occupy Athens | | | 1942 | Nazis order Belgian Jews to wear yellow stars | | | 1942 | Stilwell proposes the formation of a Chinese army in India. | | | 1943 | Soviet Union breaks relations with Polish government-in-exile in London | | | 1945 | Allied warships begin 4-day bombardment of Tarakan Island, Borneo | | | 1945 | Italian partisans take Mussolini prisoner | | | 1945 | US Fifth Army liberates Genoa | | | 1948 | Arab Legion attacks the Gesher bridge on the Jordan River | | | 4977 | Kepler’s date for the formation of the universe | | 28 | 1379 | Battle of Marino: Pope Urban VI defeats Anti-Pope Clement VII | | | 1503 | Battle of Cerignola: Gonzalvo de Cordoba routs the French | | | 1635 | Virginia Gov John Harvey accused of treason & removed from office | | | 1655 | English fleet under Blake defeats the Tunisian corsairs | | | 1770 | Adm Sir Edward Codrington GCB RN , Victor of Navarino, d. 1851 | | | 1789 | Lt. William Bligh, RN, has occasion to say, "This is mutiny, Mr. Christian, mutiny." | | | 1796 | Ceasefire of Cherasco: effectively end Napleon’s Italian campaign | | | 1818 | US & Britain agree to naval disarmament on the Great Lakes | | | 1919 | Tumultuous parade of the 165th Infantry (69th New York) up Fifth Avenue, having returned from Great War | | | 1925 | Kurdish rebels surrender to the Turkish Army | | | 1939 | Hitler claims the 1934 German-Polish non-aggression pact is still in effect | | | 1942 | Nightly "dim-out" begins on the East Coast | | | 1943 | New Ireland: Sub Scamp sinks seaplane carrier Kamikawa Maru | | | 1944 | China: AAF raids Yellow River bridges to slow Japanese | | | 1945 | Okinawa: Kamikaze attacks on U.S. fleet continue. | | | 1945 | US Fifth Army reaches Italian-Swiss border | | | 1950 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid | | | 1952 | Japanese Peace Treaty formally ends the Asiatic-Pacific War of 1937-1945 | | | 1956 | The French leave Vietnam | | | 1965 | US Marines land in the Dominican Republic, stay until October 1966 | | | 1967 | Mohammad Ali refuses induction into the army | | | 1971 | Samuel Lee Gravely, Jr., is promoted to rear admiral; the first black admiral in US Navy | | 29 | 0 | Holocaust Remembrance Day | | | 58 | Cicero sails into exile from Brindisium | | | 89 | Social War: Sulla captures Stabiae from the Italiotes | | | 1091 | Battle of Monte Levunium: Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus defeats the Pechenegs | | | 1289 | Sultan Quala'un of Egypt captures Tripoli, Lebanon, from the Crusaders | | | 1429 | Joan of Arc beats the English at Orleans | | | 1524 | Battle of Sesia Romagnano: Spanish defeat the French | | | 1616 | Naval Battle of Euboea: Tuscans defeat the Turks | | | 1661 | Chinese occupy Taiwan | | | 1670 | Emilio Altieri elected Pope as Clement X (1670-1676) | | | 1814 | USS Peacock captures HMS Epervier | | | 1856 | The Crimean War ends | | | 1861 | Maryland House of Delegates votes against secession | | | 1863 | Battle of Chancellordville begins | | | 1898 | Cienfuegos, Cuba: US and Spanish warships exchange fire | | | 1901 | Anti-Semitic riots in Budapest | | | 1916 | The Irish “Easter Rebellion” ends (from 16th) | | | 1926 | Franco-American accord on WW I war debts | | | 1940 | Norwegian King Haakon flees to England as the Nazis occupy his country | | | 1942 | Burma: Japanese capture Lashio | | | 1942 | Dutch and French Jews ordered to wear a yellow star | | | 1943 | Dietrich Bonhoffer is arrested by Nazis | | | 1943 | Teop, Solomon I: Sub Gato lands coastwatchers & evacuates missionaries. | | | 1945 | Adolf Hitler makes an honest woman of Eva Braun | | | 1945 | Burma: Japanese army evacuates Rangoon | | | 1945 | RAF drops food to isolated areas in the Netherlands | | | 1945 | US liberates Nazi concentration camp in Dachau | | | 1946 | Tokyo: 28 former Japanese leaders indicted as war criminals | | | 1970 | US & South Vietnamese troops invade Cambodia | | | 1975 | Last US personnel pull out of Vietnam | | | 1991 | Croatia declares independence from Yugoslavia | | 30 | 37 | Roman proconsul Lucius Vitellius (father of a later emperor) arranges a sacrifice to “the God of the Jews” at the Temple of Jerusalem. | | | 311 | Roman Emperor Galerius issues an edict of toleration for Christians | | | 462 | Solar eclipse visible in Greece | | | 1349 | Massacre of the Jews of Radolszell, Germany | | | 1492 | Ferdinand & Isabella agree to bankroll Columbus, and announce the expulsion of all Jews from their territories | | | 1527 | Treaty of Westminster: Anglo-French alliance against Spain | | | 1563 | King Charles VI orders the Jews expelled from France | | | 1592 | Marco Sciarra's brigands escort the poet Torquato Tasso through brigand-infested mountains around Itri | | | 1635 | Treaty of Compiegne: Franco-Swedish alliance in the Thirty Years' War | | | 1794 | Menin, Belgium: Austrians under Hammerstein break out of a French siege | | | 1798 | The Department of the Navy is established | | | 1838 | Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation | | | 1848 | Battle of Pastrengo: Piedmontese defeat the Austrians | | | 1849 | Battle of the Villa Pamfili: The Garibaldini defeat the French outside, who fall back on Civitavecchia | | | 1860 | Navaho Indians attack Fort Defiance | | | 1861 | Lincoln orders Federal troops to evacuate the Indian Territory | | | 1862 | Skirmishing at Swift Run Gap, WV | | | 1863 | Battle of Camerone: Heroic Foreign Legion defense against an overwhelming Mexican force | | | 1864 | Battle of Jenkins' Ferry: Inconclusive action bungled by both sides | | | 1871 | American & Mexican bandits murder 144 Apaches in Arizona | | | 1900 | USA annexes Hawaii | | | 1904 | Christian Hülsmeye patents the "telemobiloscope," an early radar, which is totally ignored. | | | 1908 | First Company, Signal Corps, 71st Regiment, NYNG, formed to conduct aeronautical operations; now, 106th Rescue Wing, oldest Air Guard unit. | | | 1937 | General Douglas MacArthur marries Jean Faircloth | | | 1942 | British troops evacuate Mandalay in Burma | | | 1942 | Luzon: Japanese bombardment of Corregidor and harbor forts continues. | | | 1942 | Peto, first submarine built on the Great Lakes, launched at Manitowoc | | | 1943 | Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp for Jews established | | | 1943 | Chinese halt Japanese in Hupeh, ending threat to Chungking. | | | 1943 | Panay: Sub Gudgeon conducts supply mission to Filipino guerrillas | | | 1944 | U.S. carrier aircraft begin two day raid on Truk | | | 1945 | American & Soviet forces link up at Torgau in Germany | | | 1945 | Okinawa: Kamikaze attacks continue on the U.S. fleet. | | | 1945 | Red Army liberates the Ravensbruck concentration camp | | | 1945 | Red Army SGT Militon Kantaria & two comrades raise the Red Banner over the Riechstag, as Yvgenie Khaldei takes a picture | | | 1961 | Fidel Castro receives the Lenin Peace Prize | | | 1980 | Abdication of Queen Juliana (1948-80) & Accession of Queen Beatrix of Netherlands | | | 1980 | Terrorists seize the Iranian Embassy in London |
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